ELEMENT 1

Page
4
of
7

IGC-1

proceeding, loss
of staff morale,
loss of goodwill
of customers and
damage to public
andindustrial
image.

Uninsured
Costs:
It has been
estimated that
uninsured losses
are between
eight and 36
times greater

than insured
losses.Some
examples of
uninsured losses

Loss of raw
materials due to
accident.

Sick pay for

injured workers.

Overtime to
make up for lost
production

Repair to
damaged
equipment.

The roles
of national
governments
and

international
bodies:
The international
labor
organization
(ILO) has set
out convention
C155 and

Recommendation
R164which apply
to workplace
health and
safety
standards.

Most countries
and regions have
established legal
standards that
meet or exceed
the
minimumstandar

ds set out in
C155 and R164.

Most countries
and regions have
established legal
standards that
meet the

minimum
standardsset out
in C155 & R164.

The
international
framework:
In 1981 the ILO
adopted the

occupational
safety and
health
convention C155.
This describes
basic policyfor
health and
safety at

national and
individual
undertaking
level.The
occupational
safety and
health
recommendation

1981 R-164
supplements
C155 and
provided
moredetails that
how to comply
with policies of
C155.

Outline the
legal duties
that an
employer has
to comply
with?

Employers Res
ponsibilities
1.
To ensure that
the workplace,
machinery,

equipment and
processes under
their control are
safeand without
risk to health.2.
To ensure that
the chemical,

physical and
biological
substances and
agents under
their controlare
without risk to
health.3.

To provide
adequate
protective
clothing and
protective
equipment to
prevent risk of
accident

oradverse
affects on
health.4.
to provide
appropriate
instruction
and training5.

to provide
necessary
supervision6.
to ensure that
the hours of
work doo not

adversely affect
employees
health7.
to remove any
physical and
mental fatigue

Outline the
legal duties
that a
worker has
to comply
with?

Workers
Responsibilities
and rights

ELEMENT 1
Page
5

of
7

IGC-1
Article 19 of
c155 states that
all worker and
their

representatives
have to
cooperate with
theiremployers
so that he can
fulfill his safety
obligations

R164 says
that worker
should:
1.
Take reasonable
care of their own
safety and that

of other people
who might be
affected by
thethings that
they do and the
things that
they fail to do.2.

Comply with
safety
instructions and
procedures.3.
Use all safety
equipment

properly and not

tamper with it.4.
Report any
situation which
they believe
could be hazard
and which they

cannot
themselvescorre
ct5.
Report any work
related accident
of ill health.

In addition to
the basic right
to safe
workplace
article 19 of
c155 gives
workers the

followingrights
.
1.
The right to be
provided with
adequate
information on

actions the
employer has to
taken toensure
occupational
safety and
health.2.

The right to the

necessary
training in
occupational
safety and
health3.

The right to be
consulted by the
employer on all
matters of
occupational
safety and
healthrelating to
their work.4.

The right to
leave a
workplace which
he has reason to
think presents
an imminent and
seriousdanger to

his life of health

and not be
compelled to
return until it is
safe.

Outline the
consequences

for an
employer of
non
compliance
with health
andsafety

responsibiliti
es?
The
consequences
of
Non Complianc
e:

A breach of
health and
safety legislation
is usually a
criminal offence.
Failure to meet
legal
standardsmight

lead employer
to1.
Formal
enforcement
action2.

Prosecution of
the organization
in the criminal
court3.
Prosecution of
individuals such
as director,

managers and
workers.

Formal
enforcement
action:
An enforcement
agency might
force an

employer either
to make
improvement
within the
workplace orstop
carrying out high
risk activities.
failure to comply

considered to be
an offence in
itself.

Prosecution of
the
organization in
the criminal
court

Successful
prosecution
might result in
punishment in
the form of a
fine

Prosecution of
individuals

such
as director,
managers and
workers
Successful
prosecution
might result in
punishment in

the form of a
fine or
imprisonment

ELEMENT 1
Page
6
of
7

IGC-1

As well as the
criminal law
consequences
there is also
the matter of

compensation
forworkers and
other injured
by a workplace
accident.
1.

Taking legal
action against
their employer
through the civil
legal system and
have prove
thatemployer

had been
negligent.2.
Claiming
compensation
from national or
regional
compensation

schemes witho
no requirementto
prove negligence
or blame through
the use of the
legal system.

What are
the

organizationa
l
requirements
for effective
health and

safetymanag
ement?
Health and
safety
management
system:

ILO OSH 2001

safety and
health system
we can
summaries the
key elements of
this system1.

Policy 2. Organizi
ng 3. Planning an
d implementing 4
. Evaluation5. Ac
tion for improve
ment 6. Audit 7.
Continual improv
ement

Policy:
A clear
statement has to
be made to
establish health
and safety as a
prime
commitment at

all level
of organization
particularly at
the top

Organizing:
A framework of
roles and
responsibilities

for health and

safety must be
created within
the organization
from top
management to
down to the
floor.

Planning
and Implement
ing:
Detail
arrangement
must be made
for the
management of

health and
safety. Central
to this idea is
theconcept of
risk assessment
and the
identification
and

implementation
of safe systems
of work
andprotective
measures.

Evaluation:
Methods must be
developing to

monitor and
review the
effectiveness of
the
arrangements
put intoplace.
This might be
done reactively

e.g. by reviewing
accident and ill
health statistics
reports.

Action
for Improveme
nt:

Any identified
by the review
process must
be corrected as
soon as possible
by making any
require action

Audit:

To ensure that
all parts are
working
acceptably well
by systematic
and critical
examination of
the

safetymanageme
nt system

Continual Impr
ovement:
The intention is
safety
management
system will

develop over the

time to become
increasinglyappro
priate and useful
for company.

ELEMENT 1
Page
7

of
7

IGC1Identify
the internal
and external

sources of
information
about health
andsafety?
Internal &
External
Information

Sources:Intern
al information
sources:
1.
Accident
records2.

Medical
records3.
Risk
assessments4.
Maintenance
reports5.

Safety
representative
inspections6.
Audit reports7.

Safety
committee
meeting minutes

External
information
sources:
1.

National legislati
on (e.g.
regulations)2.
Material safety
data sheet from
manufacturers3.

National codes
of practice and
guidance notes4.
Manufacturer
operating
instructions5.

Trade
associations6.
Safety journals
and magazines
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ELEMENT 1
Page
7
of
7

IGC1Identify
the internal
and external
sources of
information

about health
andsafety?

Internal &
External
Information
Sources:Intern

al information
sources:
1.
Accident
records2.

Medical
records3.
Risk
assessments4.
Maintenance
reports5.

Safety
representative
inspections6.
Audit reports7.

Safety
committee
meeting minutes

External
information
sources:
1.

National legislati
on (e.g.
regulations)2.
Material safety
data sheet from
manufacturers3.

National codes
of practice and
guidance notes4.
Manufacturer
operating
instructions5.

Trade
associations6.
Safety journals
and magazines