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10.0 points
A tennis ball at the end of a string is released from rest and swings through a vertical
position, reaching its maximum speed there,
then comes to momentary rest on the other
side.
rest
rest
1.
What is the direction of the balls acceleration when it is at its lowest point and at
maximum speed?
correct
2.
3.
F = dU/dr = (a + 3b r 2 )
4.
5.
6.
Explanation:
1. E = 4 f r 3 /3
dv
At the lowest point
= 0 so the entire
dt
acceleration is ar and is directed toward the
center of the circle.
2. E = 2 r f
3. E = f 2 /r 2
4. E = f /2 r
5. E = 2 r f correct
6. E = 3 2 r f
8. W = 2 G Me M Re
5 G Me M
2 Re
Explanation:
If we consider the system to be you plus the
earth,the gravitational potential energy is
8. E = f /2 r
9. W =
9. E = f r
10. E = 2 f
Explanation:
The energy lost per revolution is just the
work done by the frictional force along the
approximately circular orbit of radius r. We
know that the frictional force acts in a direction opposite to that of instantaneous direction of motion, so the work done by this nonconservative force is Wnc = f s = 2 r f ,
so from conservation of energy,
G Me M
.
r
The initial energy is Ei = Ug,i and the
final energy is Ef = Ug,f . Thus the Energy
Principle gives:
E = Ef Ei = Wnc = f (2 r) .
004
10.0 points
5. W = 4 G Me M Re
G Me M
4 Re
3G Me M
7. W =
2 Re
6. W =
Ug (r) =
W = Ug = Ug (2 Re ) Ug (Re ) =
G Me M
.
2 Re
K=
7. 138.202
8. 96.3393
9. 217.339
10. 163.76
Correct answer: 138.202 m/s.
Explanation:
Let :
1
m v 2 = 1242.15 J .
2
m = 3938 kg ,
g = 9.8 m/s2 ,
= 51 km = 51000 m ,
= 6.8 .
and
k = 0.1 .
U W = U k m g cos
= 2.33044 108 J
0.1(3938 kg)(9.8 m/s2 )
(51000 m) cos 6.8
= 3.76074 107 J , then
v=
2(3.76074 107 J)
= 138.202 m/s .
3938 kg
6. vmin =
sin + s cos
cos s sin
gR
sin s cos
correct
cos + s sin
7. vmin =
gR
cos + s sin
sin s cos
gR
sin s cos
cos s sin
gR
sin + s cos
cos + s sin
8. vmin =
s
9. vmin =
gR
5. vmin =
10. vmin =
Explanation:
Call the horizontal axis the x-axis and
choose it to be the radially inward direction
at a certain instant of time. Similarly call the
vertical axis the y-axis and choose it to be upward. Therefore, the car experiences a net
centripetal acceleration along the x-axis and
zero net acceleration along the y-axis. Looking for the minimum velocity implies that
friction is directed up the track - if the speed
was zero the car would tend to slide down the
track and static friction opposes the direction
that motion would tend.
From The Momentum Principle,
Fy = N cos + s N sin m g = 0
N=
mg
cos + s sin
Fx = N sin s N cos =
N (sin s cos ) =
2
m vmin
R
2
m vmin
R
.
Substituting the expression for N from the
y-equation gives,
2
m vmin
sin s cos
= mg
R
cos + s sin
vmin =
gR
sin s cos
cos + s sin
As time passes the ice melts. Suppose initially the ice has a volume V and the magnitude of tension in the string is T . When the
volume of the ice has decreased to V = 1/3 V ,
what is the magnitude of tension T ?
1. T = 3 T
2. T = 2/3 T
3. T = 5/6 T
4. T = 1/3 T correct
5. T = T
T = V (w i ) g
= 1/3 V (w i ) g
= 1/3 T
010 10.0 points
A block of styrofoam with mass m has a lead
weight with mass 1/2 m glued on top. When
the lead-styrofoam piece is placed in water,
the styrofoam piece is partially submerged in
the water. The water has a density w , and
the density of the styrofoam s = 1/3 w . If
the styrofoam has a total volume V , what is
the fraction of the submerged volume Vsub to
the total volume V ?
6. T = 3/2 T
1. Vsub /V = 1
7. T = 3/4 T
8. T = 1/6 T
9. T = 2 T
10. T = 5/3 T
4. Vsub /V = 3/2
Explanation:
First create a free-body diagram of the scenario. From this it is evident there are three
forces which act on the ice: the buoyant force
FB (which acts upward), the weight W of the
ice (which of course acts downward), and the
tension T of the rope (which pulls downward
5. Vsub /V = 1/3
6. Vsub /V = 3/4
7. depends on the density of lead
8. Vsub /V = 2/3
=0
= FB
= w Vsub g
= (3/2) (s/w )
= 1/2
10.0 points
5. v1 > v2 > v3 = v4
6. v4 > v3 > v2 > v1
7. v4 > v1 = v2 = v4
8. v1 > v2 > v3 > v4
Explanation:
Using a system that includes the block
and the Earth, there is no work done by
the surroundings so the initial energy in
all four cases is all potential energy with
U = m g h and the final energy is all kinetic
then 1/2 m vf2 = m g h. Thus the kinetic energies and speeds of all four blocks are the same
when they are at y = 0.
012 10.0 points
A small metal ball is suspended from the ceiling by a thread of negligible mass. The ball
is then set in motion in a horizontal circle so
that the threads trajectory describes a cone.
The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 .
m
What is the angular frequency of the ball
when it is in circular motion? Answer in terms
of g, and
q
1. = g sin2 /
p
2. = g/ tan
p
3. = g/ cos
p
4. = g/ sin correct
g tan /
g/ cos2
g sin /
g/ sin2
= v/r
q
=
Explanation:
Use the free body diagram below.
mg
The tension on the string can be decomposed into a vertical component which balances the weight of the ball and a horizontal
component which causes the centripetal acceleration, acentrip that keeps the ball on its
horizontal circular path at radius r = sin .
If T is the magnitude of the tension in the
string, then
2
m vball
.
cos
(2)
Therefore,
v=
g cos2
.
sin
m
s
2
F
m
k
Thoriz = m acentrip
T cos =
(1)
and
or
r cos
g
=
sin
Tvertical = T sin = m g
g cos2
sin
1. F = m g (2 s k )
2. F = m g (2 s + k )
(3)
3. F = m g (s + 2 k )
4. F = m g (s 2 k )
5. F = 1/2 m g (s + k )
6. F = 2 m g (k s )
7. F = 2 m g (s + k ) correct
a
2
F
fs
fs
fk
gr
q
= (9.8 m/s2 )(138 m)
vmax =
= 36.775 m/s .
m = 1.23 kg ,
= 11.2 , and
v = 40 m/s .
K=
54 m v02
r = 0.12 m ,
d = 3510 m
= 1024 kg/m3 ,
g = 9.8 m/s2 .
and
F =P A
= (3.53249 107 N/m2 )(4)(0.12 m)2
= 6.39223 106 N
019 10.0 points
What is the minimum kinetic energy needed
to launch a payload of mass m to an altitude
that is one Earth radius, RE , above the surface of the Earth (the payload will then fall
back to Earth)? (Note that ME is the mass of
the Earth.)
G m ME
correct
RE
G m ME
2.
RE
G m ME
3. 2
RE
G m ME
4. 0.25
RE
G m ME
5. 0.1
RE
Explanation:
Energy is conserved:
1. 0.5
10
K i + Ui = K f + Uf
5. k =
6. k =
Kf = 0 .
7. k =
G ME m
,
RE
G ME m
.
2RE
G ME m G ME m
G m ME
=
RE
2RE
2 RE
m g D cos
F D cos m g sin
2. k =
m g cos + F sin
F cos m g sin 1/2m vf2
3. k =
m g cos + F sin
F D cos m g D cos 1/2m vf2
4. k =
m g D sin + F D cos
correct
8. k =
m g sin
F D sin m g sin 1/2m vf2
m g cos
F D cos m g D sin 1/2m vf2
m g D cos + F D sin
Explanation:
The force of friction has a magnitude
Ff riction = k N . Since it is in the direction opposite to the motion, we get
Wf riction = Ff riction D
= k N D.
= k (m g cos + F sin ) D
1
m vf2 .
2
Thus
muk =
11