7.

1 NOTES PROGRESSIVE ERA

I.
II.

III.

IV.

V.

PROBLEMS
a. REVIEW FROM 6.1 and 6.3
PROGRESSIVES
a. Anyone who promotes solutions to problems of society or exposes them.
b. Starts social but will become economic and political
MUCKRAKERS
a. Muckrakers
i. Riis How the Other Half Lives
ii. Sinclair The Jungle
b. Yellow journalists
i. Looking for sensational stories to expose crime and corruptions
c. Magazines
i. Harpers, The Nation, Cosmo
d. Mark Twain critic of society
SOCIAL WELFARE
a. SETTLEMENT HOUSES
i. Hull House Jane Addams Chicago
ii. Charity and churches
iii. The social gospel
b. EDUCATION
i. Horace Mann
ii. Land grant colleges
c. BLACK RIGHTS
i. Booker T Washington Atlanta Compromise
1. Tuskegee
ii. W.E.B. DuBois - The Souls of Black Folks
d. PROHIBITION
i. Womens Christian Temperance Union
1. Carrie Nation
th
ii. 18 Amendment - 1919
e. WOMENS RIGHTS
i. NAWSA
ii. Liz Cady Stanton, Susan B Anthony
iii. Wyoming
th
iv. 19 Amendment - 1920
ECONOMIC REFORM
a. STRIKES and UNIONS
i. National Labor Union 1866 onward
ii. Knights of Labor
iii. Haymarket Riot -1886
iv. AFL (Sam Gompers) - 1886
v. Homestead Strike 1892
vi. Pullman Strike 1894
b. SOCIALISM
i. Eugene Debs union organizer
ii. Overthrow of capitalist system
c. EFFICIENCY
i. Mechanization
ii. Scientific management
iii. Henry Ford assembly line
d. CHILD LABOR
i. Keating-Owen Act of 1917
ii. Repealed 1 year later due to unconstitutionality, child labor continues
e. WORK HOURS
i. Muller v Oregon (1908)
1. women work hours

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VII.

VIII.

IX.

ii. Lochner v New York

1. Ten hour work day
f. SAFETY
i. Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire 1911
ii. Women safety inspectors
g. LAWS
i. Interstate Commerce Act 1887
ii. Sherman Antitrust Act 1890
GOVERNMENT REFORM
a. LAWS
i. Pendleton Act
1. Tries to stop patronage, civil service tests
ii. 17th Amendment Direct Election of Senators
b. LOCAL CHANGES
i. Initiative people propose new laws
ii. Referendum people vote for new laws
iii. Recall people vote out bad politicians
iv. Secret ballots

ELECTION OF 1900
a. Rematch of McKinley vs Bryan
b. Populists merge with Dems to support Bryan even more
c. McKinley wins again
d. Assassinated within months of taking over
e. NEW PRESIDENT TEDDY ROOSEVELT
TEDDY THE PROGRESSIVE PRESIDENT
a. SQUARE DEAL control corporations, consumer protection, conservation of resources
i. Corporations
1. 1902 strike in PA coal mines
a. threatens to shut down whole cities and regions (140,000 workers)
b. TR threatened to bring out troops on owners, instead of workers
c. got a 10% pay raise and 9hr/day
2. Created Department of Commerce and Labor (1903) to trust bust
3. Elkins Act (1903) controlled railroad rebates
4. Hepburn Act (1906) free passes/bribery to congress was stopped
5. Interstate Commerce Commission was expanded to make it useful could set maximum rates
6. TR busted 40 trusts in railroads/banks/farms/big business
7. He didnt really believe that all big businesses should be destroyed, just wanted to make it clear
that he was in charge, not businesses. Taft busted more than TR did.
ii. Consumer Protection
1. Upton Sinclair The Jungle
2. 1906 Meat Inspection Act - American meat wasnt accepted in Europe, wasnt really acceptable
in the US either.
3. Pure Food and Drug Act - 1906
iii. Conservation
1. rapid expansion was destroying the nations natural resources
2. Forest Reserve Act 1901 allowed president to create national parks
3. TR was a conservationist
a. projects to build dams for irrigation and later electricity
b. set aside 125mil acres as forest preserve
c. really wanted to make nature permanently useful, not preserved permanently
d. battle between greedy industry who would tear it all down and hippie romanticists who
would leave it all untouched forever
ELECTION OF 1904
a. TR vs. no-name Democrat
b. Progressive Republican

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XI.

c. TR wins again
ELECTION OF 1908
a. Taft as Progressive Republican vs. Will Bryan (again)
b. Taft wins
c. Continues trustbusting, goes after Standard Oil and US Steel
d. Doesnt do as well as TR
ELECTION of 1912
a. TR gets mad that Taft doesnt do as well as him, comes back with new party called Progressives
b. Gets shot while giving a speech but finishes
c. Democrats have Woodrow Wilson
nd
d. TR loses, but gets 2 place even though he created his own party
e. Wilson was also a Progressive, fought the banks
i. Creates FTC, Clayton Antitrust Act, workers comp, women voting