NZ population

movement
Chapter 4 p 33-50

Population concept: migration and

mobility

The migration process

External migration to and from NZ
Internal migration within NZ
The West Coast and Auckland as migration case
studies
Maori migration

Terms:

Migration stream: a lot of people in one direction

Migrant: the person moving
Source area: the place they leave
Destination area: the place they move to
Push factors: negative
Pull factors: positive
Physical factors
Social factors
Economic factors
Political factors

Joes decision
P 35

External migration
In 2006 25% of NZs total population were born
overseas
Net migration whether a country gains or loses
people from external migration
Immigration Emigration= Net migration (IE=NM)
Activity 1 p 36

Govt control immigration

How is immigration controlled by govt?

NZ immigration law
1870-free or assisted passage from GB and
Ireland (1947-1970 Netherlands also)
1950 unskilled workers from Pacific Islands.
Western Samoans still get special consideration
but others need work permits
1987 Immigration Act removed country of origin
as a criterion for entry (qualifications, skills,
capital)

Govt do not control

emigration
Better pay-unskilled and highly skilled
OE
Overseas born NZers that are returning to their
home country
Has led to brain drain
Changes our ethnic mix

Chain migration
Explains why ethnic immigrant groups cluster
together in the destination country

Perspectives
Read perspectives on p 41
What do you think? Eco cost? Social cost?
Benefits?

Internal migration
More than half of all Nzers move house at least
once every 5 years
Because most people are urban dwellers (?% in
2006) most move within or between urban areas
Activity p 43

Rural to urban migration

Reasons are economic

Machinery replacing people
Children moving to cities for education
Retirees move away (used to be stepwise
migration)
Shift of Maori since 1950
Urban issues have produced counterflow

Core and periphery

Core-large cities and prosperous hinterlands
Peripheral regions are disadvantaged-e.g. West
Coast
Copy diagram from p 44
Example?

Urban migration
Inter-urban movement-was stepwise. Often
because of work. Diagram.
Intra-urban movement-related to housing costs.
Fig 4.24

Conclusion
P 50

Homework
EITHER:
-Draw a table to summarise the costs and benefits
of an ageing population
-Write paragraphs on the population ageing issue in
NZ. Explain why it will happen, how it will affect the
country and what could be done about it. Include
specific details and details to support your general
statements.
OR:
Migration and urbanisation are processes that have
caused population change over time in NZ. Jot
down how they have done this and then write a
paragraph from your notes.