Fig.

1 Computational domain

Airfoil

Fig. 2(a) Grid used in domain without slot

Fig. 2(b) Zoomed view of meshed domain
In this research a body fitted C-type multi-block structured grid was used for airfoil
Skewness of the mesh was corrected up to maximum equi-sized skewness of 0.711 in such a
way that 95% of the total elements have less than 0.5 skewness).
Table 1: Grid Independency Test
Without slot
With slot
No. of Cells
CL/CD
No. of Cells
CL/CD
1
38704
4.084
36236
6.73
2
51402
4.287
54636
7.105
3
75000
4.391
78120
7.253
4
114598
4.394
122120
7.254
Boundary Conditions: The boundary conditions must be carefully specified to obtain
Grid Type

meaningful solutions, and their implementation is usually based on physics. All the boundary
condition can be seen in Fig. 4. Freestream velocity (165.4 m/s) is specified at the inlet of the
computational domain, whereas, atmospheric pressure is specified at the outlet of the domain.

On the airfoil surface, no-slip conditions are applied. The outer boundary is usually placed far
from the airfoil surface, at least six chords away. One common boundary condition at outlet is
that where instability waves emitted from the body are free to pass and are not reflected back.
In this study, a non-reflecting boundary condition is used at the outer boundary as pressure
outlet.
CFD Solver Settings: Finite volume based density solver is used for computing velocity and
pressures at different points. Second-order upwind Discretization scheme is used in the study.
Reynolds number (Re) based on chord length (C) is calculated as 1.7106 which corresponds
to an upstream velocity of 165.4 m/s. Suitable under-relaxation factors are set for pressure,
density, body forces and momentum in the code. Y-plus (Y+) value for all the case is taken
less than 1 to capture separation phenomena accurately. All the simulations are carried out in
the steady-state mode. The steady-state simulations are performed for a sufficient number of
iterations until the flow data are converged to a constant solution.
Turbulence Models: shear-stress transport (SST) k- turbulence model (Menter, 1994) is
used.