You are on page 1of 5

:

2 :

(( V : 



:

: -

(1   :
 (1.1
:
** 
:
      "! 


0 p
 n

(Kg) 8
1,673.10-27
1,675.10-27

(C) /G
1,6.10-19
0

 nuclons  ./ , " 456 


12 

0. .
** ;
4: 8 :
; 4 : : X <=8

A X
:A
Z
CD : Z 0  CD  /G =C E.
CD : A   CD . A = Z + N 8
; : ; : 8 4; 2963 Cu / 
O0  29 63-29=34.
(2.1 :
* =: U
    ' & $%"#   )*+ ", &'.
* ;: 8
238
235
= Y <D !XW
 92 U 92 U = Y <D !X  126 C 146 C X]C 9 ) 70 ( (3.1 /0 ", /0 :
X 11 4G def 71
c Segr
* lm
12 

0.  1500 =
=
0o) n
(
De] 260 O
 d.n C .   "0.
!.8 q6
* =8 r] 8D . CD . 
= 4.(N,Z) def
 Z < 20 + C . 8D.(N=Z) l
.
C= + r , ./r. r  CD 
CD  0 0 )   Z q
0 
O

12 O  q6 (.
 r Z > 83 + C  ..

(2 ! :
: # (1.2
5 ,#23  9% / 7 8 /  <,? > < & "7 :
/0 E7&#D / B . :

...

mk.1957@hotmail.com

2 :

(( V : 



:

: -

&&B (2.2G :

: SODDY y5f/  X ZA11 X 1 + ZA22 X 2


+ :

Z = Z1 + Z2

A = A1 + A2

A
Z

.8
 
:
0

(3.2& 5 :,#23


.G {=: D
4

 A=0~  
8
O : .
"C  2 He
:E {=  ;.A>200 8
.

ZA42Y + 24He

A
ZX

210

Pb

; : 0
 84 Po=
DG /    = / C Z  4.A

:W= 8
8" r  =e. 
c .0o"
 .O "
O6 ;
 2  A
/
e .O=8 l
.G {=: D

- A=0~  e

0
1

 e : - .
"C

0
1

Y +

A
Z +1

.Z

A
Z

- l 4 /     n= X


11p + 10e :

.0n

60

; :  27Co q= DG - ~6 D C


 . Ni 4 = .q6 
:W= -; "    "
 =e. O6
W  Y= O
8. .G {=: + D

A=0 -~  e

0
1

 e : + .
"C

0
1

A
Z 1

- l 4 /     n= X


e :

A
Z
0
1

.
n +

1
0

. 11 p

30
o  15  nC ,
 - 1934 n = DG /
+

; l : y66 

8 .Si = .q6

C : =
 + !"C8
c C EO  lC
 n Oc .e .G {=. D
 A=0~ n ) = C.6 CD (

ecO  =G1 . OE G  0m W eG{=
D . .

= - /:

Y +

A
Z

 C n .


; :



16
7

. ZY
 C n 1

= DG - ~6 D C n 1

16
. 8

 = .q6

...
mk.1957@hotmail.com

2 :

(( V : 



:

: -


:W= ;
 r  "
 =e. O6  Y= O=G .* ;
U8f 4W eG{= 8D
D(N,Z) def

+ (3  ,+:


&B (1.3  JB:0I
8D 
    q6 {=GD
D!
 8D 
   y5f=C
8 N d . 
D n
.0 C/  +  ,+.
8D +6 4. dN / dt = . N : 8
t

8D +: 8 4

= N0 e

.t

= N0 e

) N (t

CD N 0 y  CD ( t = 0 ) X/8  -/0 :


 -. =


L, (2.3:t1/2 M
= -: U

L, t1/2 M "L   7Q)& M& 9% 7 7  , :


D 
0= -<: U
t0

) N (t0
N 0 e ( t +t
2

N 0e
et = 1 t1/ 2 = ln2 = .ln2
2
2

r= D 8< U  ; r{= ) .


D 
( N0
-C/ C
0  t1/2 
 ;8 :
*  = 0< : U=
 W N0/2/ 8D d. nW
C/ 4.t1/2 C
*   ; 0:: e./ 
yo. nW
4 .N = N0 CD /8
(3.35 :,#23
= -: U
G {= D CD 6 n 
D;
C. ~C 
0 4 1Bq :; 6 4C n;
.
1/ 2

) 1/ 2

=   -/ .123

) N (t0
2

= ) N (t0 + t1/ 2

...
mk.1957@hotmail.com

= ) . N (t0 + t1/ 2

2 :

(( V : 



:

: -

a (t ) = dN / dt a(t ) = N (t ) a(t ) = a e .t avec a = .N


0
0
0

:
0= -
-;: 8
y0

   =C  /0


  
8/
 1Kg/
4.70Kg ~8
 1KgW

 y0=0o D

G
{=Bq D
10
80
100
10000
25.106
100 000.109

8 G O 
D q E=
 
e. -= 8G =  
D< U =C  {=:
D

a(t ) = .N = (ln 2 / t1/ 2 ).N

(4?> ;< =. :! / 8  :U+ S+ T 14


14
14
/ 7 N   6 C= DG nc ] E" 
12 q/   q6 D 
14 .14
(1 =
  
68
.
 (20 
/   nc ] . O CD"e U E <r  
D e= .G
"C n q6 212 l .
"C=  
D e GC O A 6 8=
  n q6 1350 .. .
"C
C D GfC. .l= D e< U   t1/ 2 = 5590 ans 14
nombre d ' atomes de carbone14
=  1 r  CD 10 12!  CD .
/ E
 (3  0
nombre d ' atomes de carbone12
! " EW 0    yG q6 = o D  <r .] n C

. r = 0,25.1012
C C ' t  8D q5 E !  /= EO 8. /
:4/
14
1
14
1
* (1= E.8 8
</ :
+ 0 n
+ 1H
7 N
6 C
14
14
0
* =  q6  14= DG :

+ 1e
6 C
7 N
C/ (2 D C GfC.:l
) a (t
a ( t ) = a 0 e .t l n
= .t = l n 2 .t
a0
t1 / 2
t
a0
: 8D 4</
t = 1 / 2 .l n

ln 2
a (t )

...
mk.1957@hotmail.com

2 :

(( V : 



:
CD
0e :

ans

: -
t = 5590 .l n 1350 = 14930
ln 2
212

C/ (3 CC ' : t


" 40 ! r " ~ C= r0 = 1012 "D" {=.D
"
 ) ' CD r ( tC ' t :OD A/0

t
ln4
r0
' .t
l
n
4
1
/
2

= r0 e
=' t
=
4

ln 2
CD
0e :
t ' = 2 .t 1 / 2 = 11180 ans

' .t

= r0 e

)' r (t

mk.1957@hotmail.com

= r0 e . t

) r (t

You might also like