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Problems 1-1 through 1-6 are for student research. No standard solutions are provided.
From Fig. 1-2, cost of grinding to 0.0005 in is 270%. Cost of turning to 0.003 in is
60%.
Relative cost of grinding vs. turning = 270/60 = 4.5 times
Ans.
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1-7
1-8
CA = CB,
10 + 0.8 P = 60 + 0.8 P 0.005 P 2
P 2 = 50/0.005
1.10
= 1.43
Ans.
2
0.85 ( 0.95 )
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x1 + x2 = X 1 + e1 + X 2 + e2
error = e = ( x1 + x2 ) ( X 1 + X 2 )
= e1 + e2
(b) X1 X2:
Ans.
x1 x2 = X 1 + e1 ( X 2 + e2 )
e = ( x1 x2 ) ( X1 X 2 ) = e1 e2
(c) X1 X2:
Ans.
x1 x2 = ( X 1 + e1 )( X 2 + e2 )
e = x1 x2 X 1 X 2 = X 1e2 + X 2 e1 + e1e2
e
e
X 1e2 + X 2 e1 = X 1 X 2 1 + 2
X1 X 2
Ans.
(d) X1/X2:
x1 X 1 + e1 X 1 1 + e1 X 1
=
=
x2 X 2 + e2 X 2 1 + e2 X 2
1
e2
e2
1 +
1
X2
X2
then
1 + e1 X 1
e1
e2
e1 e2
1 +
1
1+
X 1 X 2
X1 X 2
1 + e2 X 2
x1 X 1 X 1 e1 e2
Ans.
x2 X 2 X 2 X 1 X 2
______________________________________________________________________________
Thus,
e=
1-11 (a)
S
1-12 =
nd
3
32 (1000 ) 25 (10 )
=
d3
2.5
Table A-17: d = 1 14 in
Factor of safety:
d = 1.006 in
Ans.
Ans.
n=
25 (103 )
32 (1000 )
(1.25 )
= 4.79
Ans.
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1-13
(a)
f x2
7200
4900
19200
40500
80000
145200
86400
169000
156800
112500
51200
86700
64800
36100
0
44100
x
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
f
2
1
3
5
8
12
6
10
8
5
2
3
2
1
0
1
fx
120
70
240
450
800
1320
720
1300
1120
750
320
510
360
190
0
210
69
x =
Eq. (1-6)
1
N
fx
i =1
i i
8480
= 122.9 kcycles
69
Eq. (1-7)
k
sx =
(b)
fx
i =1
2
i i
N x2
N 1
Eq. (1-5)
1/ 2
69 1
z115 =
x x
x x 115 122.9
= 115
=
= 0.2607
x
sx
30.3
0.3974
x
0.3936
x = 0.3971
Ans.
From the data, the number of instances less than 115 kcycles is
Shigleys MED, 10th edition
Eq. (1-6)
x =
6
9
44
67
53
12
6
fx
1044
1638
8360
13266
10918
2568
1332
f x2
181656
298116
1588400
2626668
2249108
549552
295704
197
39126
7789204
1
N
fx
i =1
i i
fx
2
i i
39 126
= 198.61 kpsi
197
N x2
12
______________________________________________________________________________
i =1
1-15
Eq. (1-5)
z10 =
Thus,
1-16
Eq. (1-6)
x =
93
95
97
99
101
103
105
107
109
111
19
25
38
17
12
10
5
4
4
2
136
1
N
fx
i =1
i i
Eq. (1-7)
fx
sx =
i =1
2
i i
fx
1767
2375
3686
1683
1212
1030
525
428
436
222
13364
fx2
164331
225625
357542
166617
122412
106090
55125
45796
47524
24642
1315704
N x2
N 1
12
136 1
= 4.30 kpsi
Note, for accuracy in the calculation given above, x needs to be of more significant
figures than the rounded value.
For a normal distribution, from Eq. (1-5), and a yield strength exceeded by 99 percent
(R = 0.99, pf = 0.01),
x x
x x
x 98.26
z0.01 =
= 0.01
= 0.01
x
sx
4.30
Solving for the yield strength gives
x0.01 = 98.26 + 4.30 z0.01
From Table A-10, z0.01 = 2.326. Thus
x0.01 = 98.26 + 4.30( 2.326) = 88.3 kpsi Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
n
1-17
Eq. (1-9):
R = Ri = 0.98(0.96)0.94 = 0.88
i =1
1-18
T
145
=
=
= 0.09667
T
1 500
n =
2
2
2
2
1 + 1 1 ( 2.326 ) ( 0.07532 ) 1 ( 2.326 ) ( 0.09667 )
=
= 1.3229 =1.32
2
2
1 ( 2.326 ) ( 0.07532 )
Ans.
max =
S sy
n
16T
d3
16 T n
16(1500)1.3229
d =
=
= 0.0319 m = 31.9 mm Ans.
6
Ssy
(312)10
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1-19
1/ 3
5
C = = P =
= 0.09231
P
65
CS =
(a)
S S
6.59
=
=
= 0.06901
S
95.5
Sy
y
n = 1.2
n =
(b)
n C + C
2
d
2
S
1.2 1
1.62
0.0526
R = 1 0.0534 = 0.9466
Ans.
Sy
nd 1
z =
Eq. (1-11):
Sy
P / ( d / 4)
2
d 2S y
4P
d =
= 1.6127
= 0.0534
4Pn
=
Sy
4 ( 65 )1.2
= 1.020 in Ans.
( 95.5)
n = 1.5
1.5 1
z =
3.6
3.605
3.7
0.000159
0.000108
R = 1 0.00015645 = 0.9998
= 0.00015645
Ans.
4 ( 65 )1.5
= 1.140 in Ans.
( 95.5)
4 Pn
=
Sy
d =
= 3.605
______________________________________________________________________________
1-20
max
max
= 2a + 2b
C max =
CS y =
max
max
1/ 2
23.83
=
= 0.0504
max
473
max
Sy
42.7
= 0.0772
553
n =
Eq. (1-11):
Sy
max
553
= 1.169 = 1.17 Ans.
473
z =
nd 1
n C + C
2
d
2
S
1.169 1
= 1.635
( 1.635) = 0.05105
(a)
a = 1.500 0.001 in
b = 2.000 0.003 in
c = 3.000 0.004 in
d = 6.520 0.010 in
w = d a b c = 6.520 1.5 2 3 = 0.020 in
tw = tall = 0.001 + 0.003 + 0.004 +0.010 = 0.018
w = 0.020 0.018 in
Ans.
(b) From part (a), wmin = 0.002 in. Thus, must add 0.008 in to d . Therefore,
Ans.
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1-22 V = xyz, and x = a a, y = b b, z = c c,
V = abc
V = ( a a )( b b )( c c )
= abc bca acb abc abc bca cab abc
The higher order terms in are negligible. Thus,
V bca + acb + abc
and,
=
+
+
=
+
+
Ans.
V
abc
a
b
c
a
b
c
+
+
= 0.004267
V
1.500 1.875 3.000
V = 8.4375 0.0360 in3
Ans.
8.4735
8.473551..
in, whereas, exact is V =
in
8.4015
8.401551..
______________________________________________________________________________
1-23
all
a = 1.569 0.016 in
Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
1-24
Do = 4.012 0.036 in
Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
1-25 From O-Rings, Inc. (oringsusa.com), Di = 9.19 0.13 mm, d = 2.62 0.08 mm
Do = Di + 2d = 9.19 + 2 ( 2.62 ) = 14.43 mm
1-26 From O-Rings, Inc. (oringsusa.com), Di = 34.52 0.30 mm, d = 3.53 0.10 mm
Do = Di + 2d = 34.52 + 2 ( 3.53) = 41.58 mm
t Do = tall = 0.30 + 2 ( 0.10 ) = 0.50 mm
Do = 41.58 0.50 mm
Ans.
______________________________________________________________________________
1-27
1-28 From O-Rings, Inc. (oringsusa.com), Di = 1.100 0.012 in, d = 0.210 0.005 in
Do = Di + 2d = 1.100 + 2 ( 0.210 ) = 1.520 in
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1-31
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1-32
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