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InfluenceLinesforBeamsandFrames
1/7
Aninfluencediagramforatrussrepresentstheaxialforceofaparticularmemberduetoaloadat
locationx.Influencediagramscanbeconstructedforbeamsforthreetypesofforces:
a) aparticularreaction
b) theshearataparticularlocationinthebeam
c) thebendingmomentataparticularlocationinthebeam.
Influencediagramsforbeamscanbeconstructedbyapplyingaunitdeformationatthebeamlocationof
f i Px xi
=
interest,basedonthereciprocaldeflectionequation.Theequationfortrussesis:
Px
i
Adaptingthisequationforbeamsforeachofthetypesofforces:
Ri x xi
=
Px
i
Px
RiPx
Px
Ri
reaction
x
I=
xi
i = +1
xi
1
i
Ifx isininches,
I isunitless
Vi x xi
=
Px
i
P
x
Px
Vi Px
shear
= Px I
Vi
Px
= Px I
I=
xi
i=+1
xi
i 1
Ifx isininches,
I isunitless
M i x xi
=
Px
i
P
Px
Mi x
moment
Px
Mi
I=
i=+1
xi
rad
= Px I
xi
rad
i 1
Typicallyxisin
feetsothatIisin
feet.
InfluenceLinesforBeamsandFrames
CE331,Fall2010
2/7
Examples
1.InfluenceDiagramsforDeterminateBeams(quantitative)
hinge
10
10
10
12
12
B
D
Problem1.CalculatethemaximumreactionatBduetotheAASHTOHS20truck,shownbelow.
32k
32k
k
8
14
14
DrawtheinfluencelineforthereactionatBbydisplacingthebeamoneunitupwardsatB.The
deflectedshapeisshownabove.
Rb
=I
Px
4
10
0.6
InfluenceDiagramforReactionatB
32k
32k
8k
PositionofAASHTOTrucktocausemax.ReactionatB
TocalculatethereactionatBduetothetruck,placethe32krearaxleattheleftendofthebridge,
andthe32kdriveaxle14totheright(4totherightofB).ThereactionatBisthen:
RB = ( 32 k )( 2) + ( 32 k )( 0.6) = 83 .2 k
InfluenceLinesforBeamsandFrames
CE331,Fall2010
3/7
Problem2.CalculatetheshearjusttotherightofDduetotheAASHTOuniformloadplus
concentratedloadshownbelow.
18k
0.64klf
DrawtheinfluencelineforshearatDbybreakingthebeamjusttotherightofDanddisplacingthe
twoends1 unit,asshown.Thebeamsegmentsoneithersideofthecutshouldhavethesameslope.
Thedisplacementsattheotherlocationscanbecalculatedbysimilartriangles.
Forexample,thedisplacementatC(labeledahere)iscalculated
a 1
=
,
10' 24'
V D
=I
Px
0.1467
10
a = 0.4167
10
a=0.4167
10
12
12
InfluenceDiagramforShearjusttoRightofD
0.64
klf
18k
0.64klf
AASHTOLaneLoadingtocausemax.ShearjusttoRightofD
VD.64
1
= 0.64klf 2 10 ft (0.4167) + 24 ft (1) = 10.35k
2
k + 0.64klf
VD18
0.25
CE331,Fall2010
InfluenceLinesforBeamsandFrames
4/7
Problem3.CalculatethemomentatEduetotheAASHTOuniformloadplusconcentratedload.
DrawtheinfluencelineformomentatEbybreakingthebeamatEandrotatingtherightend1radian
relativetotheleftend,asshown.Sincethebeamsegmentsareboth12feetoneitherendofthebreak,
theanglesofeachendareequalandequaltoonehalfof1.0rad=0.5rad.Theordinateoftheinfluence
lineatEiscalculatedfromthefollowingequation:
a
12'
tan = forsmalldisplaceme nts
a
0.5rad =
, a = 6'
12'
tan =
Theotherordinatesarecalculatedusingsimilartriangles.
ME
ft
=I
Px
10
12
rad
0.5
10
10
5
B
InfluenceDiagramforMomentatE
0.64klf
12
6
a=6
1rad
18k
0.64klf
AASHTOLaneLoadingtocausemax.MomentatE
ThemomentatEduetotheconcentratedloadismaximumwhentheloadisplacedatE.Themoment
duetothe18kloadisthencalculatedfrom:
k
ft
k ft
M 18
ThemomentatEduetotheuniformloadismaximumwhentheloadisplacedatonthebeamwhere
theinfluencediagramispositive.Themomentduetothe0.64klfloadisthencalculatedfrom:
M E0.64
klf
1
1
= (0.64klf )( (10' )(5 ft )) + (0.64klf )( (24 ft )(6 ft )) = 62.1k ft
2
2
CE331,Fall2010
InfluenceLinesforBeamsandFrames
5/7
2.InfluenceDiagramsforIndeterminateBeams(qualitative)
Problem4.Determinethelocation(s)toplaceauniformliveloadtocausethemaximumreactionat
Support2.
DrawtheshapeoftheinfluencelinebyapplyingaunitverticaldisplacementatSupport2.
2
1
1
Therefore,applyloadstoSpans1and2tocausemax.reactionatSupport2.
Problem5.Determinethelocation(s)toplaceauniformliveloadtocausethemaximumshearat2.
DrawtheshapeoftheinfluencelinebyapplyingaunitverticalrelativedisplacementnearSupport3.
Therearefourpossibilities,allshownbelow,dependingonwhetheryouapplyapositiveornegative
sheardisplacement(positiveforshearinfluencediagramsisleftsidedown,rightsideup)orcutthe
beamjusttotheleftofSupport3orjusttotherightofSupport3.Notethatallfourinfluencediagrams
pointtothesamespanloadingpattern(loadSpans2and3)sincedesignersdonotdistinguishbetween
positiveshearandnegativeshear.
1
1
1
1
CE331,Fall2010
InfluenceLinesforBeamsandFrames
6/7
Therefore,loadSpans2and3tocausemaximumshearatSupport3.
Problem6.Determinethelocation(s)toplaceauniformliveloadtocausethemaximummomentat
themiddleofSpan1.
Theinfluencediagramis:
1rad
Therefore,loadSpans1and3tocausemaximumpositivemomentatmiddleofSpan1.
CE331,Fall2010
InfluenceLinesforBeamsandFrames
7/7
Problem7.Determinethelocation(s)toplaceauniformliveloadtocausethemaximummomentat
Support3.
Theinfluencediagramis:
1rad
1
Therefore,loadSpans1and2tocausemaximumnegativemomentatSupport2.
3.InfluenceLinesforFrames
Problem8.DeterminetheloadpatterntocausemaximummomentatthemiddleofSpan2onLevel
2.
Theinfluencediagramis:
Level3
Level2
1rad
AndthespanloadpatterntocausemaxpositivemomentatthemiddleofSpan2onLevel2istherefore:
Level3
Level2