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∑( )
Solution. It is given that all terms are positive. Now, . Since is positive, this implies
. Let , . Then:
∑( )
∑( )
( )
( )
Applying the quadratic formula directly gives , which is a geometric progression.
( )
Problem 6. Find all injective functions satisfying, for each , ( ( )) .
( )
( ( )) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
This implies ( ) ( ) ( )
( ), for all . This implies ( ) for all . Therefore,
since is an injection, is the only solution.
Problem 10. Let , , be three integers, b odd, and consider the sequence , ,
, ,
for
[ ]
Now,
( )
( )
( ) ( )( )
As desired.