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INDUSTRIAL INORGANIC
CHEMISTRY
(9.1 and 9.2)
EXTRACTION OF METALS
- Iron
using reduction by
carbon
- Zinc
using reduction by carbon and
- Copper - purified using electrolysis
- Aluminium - using electrolysis
EXTRACTION OF IRON
- Use of iron ore (hematite
or Fe2O3 ).
- Furnace is loaded with
charge , which consists of
iron ore, coke (a form of
carbon made from coal) and
limestone (calcium
carbonate).
- Limestone is used to
remove impurities (sand as
slag of calcium silicate).
- Ore is sintered or heated
with coke and limestone.
- Carbon burns with the hot
air sent into the furnace.
REMOVING IMPURITIES
STEEL MAKING
- Uses pig iron or
cast iron produced
by the blast furnace
which is not pure and
contains about 4%
carbon (making iron
brittle) and other
impurities.
- Carbon content is
reduced by burning it
off as CO2 and sulfur
contamination is
oxidised to SO2 (The
basic oxygen process)
Rust prevention
-Painting
-Oiling and greasing
-Plastic coatings
-Electroplating
-Galvanising
-Sacrificial protection
-Electrolytic
protection
EXTRACTION OF ZINC
- Use of zinc ore: zinc blende ZnS
- Converting zinc blende to
sulfide by heating.
EXTRACTION OF COPPER
- Use of copper ore : copper pyrites
CuFeS2.
- The concentrated ore is heated in
excess supply of air in the furnace:
2CuFeS2 + O2 Cu2S + 2FeS + SO2
- Then oxidation of the sulfide:
2Cu2S + 3O2 2CuO + 2SO2
EXTRACTION OF METALS
- Iron
using reduction by
carbon
- Zinc
using reduction by carbon and
- Copper - purified using electrolysis
- Aluminium - using electrolysis
EXTRACTION OF ALUMINIUM
BY ELECTROLYSIS
Aluminium
Copper
- Used for overhead - Used for domestic
power (strengthen
with steel core)
cables because it
conducts electricity
well, has low
density very
resistant to
corrosion.
- Leakage of power
is prevented by
ceramic materials
cables because it is
a very good
conductor of
electricity .
- Covered or
sheathed in plastic
as insulation.