Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • ACE Material Concrete Technology

    Uploaded by

    Flattener
    131 views14 pages
    concrete technology

    Original Title

    ACE material concrete technology

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    concrete technology

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    131 views14 pages

    ACE Material Concrete Technology

    Uploaded by

    Flattener
    concrete technology

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 14
    106, ‘iassroom Practice Questions with Study Material__ ACE 25, PaxriaLREsTRESSING:- Pressing in which ony pr the evi fond ici by resreing se andthe remaining prt by reinforsing te) 26. PARTIAL PaISTRESSIG RATIO (PPRF- Frio of ultimate moment resised by proses tee total uta moment ‘27. pmestmussinc INDEX: Ratio of yield load of prstesing steel to ye lad of he wa, en 2p, Panta PRESERESSING MOMENT Prd of prestesingfoee and is essen 2p, RESULTANT MoM Algebraic sum of bending moments fo peestess ad extra Toad. 430, Secoxoany rowers nema fees eased by pesres i an wsloaded continuous bom 51. SecoNpaxy PRESTRESSING MOMENT Bending moment to sport reactions cused iy pest ina loaded continuous beam, |532,SurPLEMEvTARY REINFORCEMENT: Ui-enslonéd enforcement used in partly preted eaben. 28. Teawon Wie Cable, bar sand wed to inact prestess concrete SALToraL concommance:= Concordance W.. to, bending moments ni also oral 2S Trassren:- Ac of asfering prestessing tendons fom sh sé: Teasswsuion LANGTH- The dstnce required atthe end of pretension endon for ‘Eisoping the manson tendon sess by Bond. CHAPTER -1 CEMENT |. Manufacture of Portland Cement: + Grinding togetber elcarcous (lime slone or chal) and argllaceous (Ghale or lay) and oher {Cement is ivenied by Josh Aspin (1824); a brik layer in Leeds , UK sii, ‘Alumina o ion oxide bearing matte. “Themixtre ie burl in kilt at temperature of about 13000C to 15000C. ‘Gypsum about 2 to 3 peroent x mixed athe ime of rindng to prevent lash setting, [Dry Proce is widely used manufacturing process for cement production ; fine ‘nding canbe achieved; saving nfl while During only dry material (Cfemiea! Composition oxiae | Funetion 1.x | Controle strength and soundness 2.Si0; | Gives Strength, excess causes slow sting s.ano, Response ir uk ting 4.Fes0s Gives colour and fusion of diferent ingredients at high emp ‘5. MgO | Imparts colour and harness, exces causes cracks 6, Alkali | Excess cause efflorescence and cracking 43. Composition of Cement Clinker(Bogue's Compounds ) 1) Tcl Sitcate (lite) Gs i Dicaciom Sileae (Bele) cs si Tricaleum Afuminate (lite) GA iy) Tetmesleiim Alumino Fenite (Flite) CAF + GsS carly strength; more heat of hydaton(120 cal); (C2S ater strength afer 7 days): less eat of hyraton (60 eae) {C3A inal srength very high heaton hyGration (20 cal’) Setting: Change from hid to solid state. “Hardening: Onin of songs ofa et cement. 4. Types of Cements:- {) Repid Hardening Portland Cement: (RILPC) 1+ Haden ft, but sing ies are sume as OPC “Three days stent is equivalent fo 7 days strength oF OPC. {Rapid hardening propery is achieved by higher C3S content and by finer grinding or by adding elem ebloride in cement 108 Classroom Practice with Study Material _ACE ‘Uses Ely sipping ofa wok i posible 1) Road sept works (where speay development of sent sequel) 49) Low Heat Portand Cement- + Mautucared by rising the percentages af CS CA of einary Potand een 1 Uefl forimss concrete works suchas dams, {Hea of ydeton ie esser than that OF OPC. si) Sulphate Res + Similar to OPC except contains more sles and les quantity of saints. 1 Uke tor underaier tuctrespurculaly exposed taka chon ‘Blast Farnace Slag Portland Cement + Mauficred fy mixing Portand cement clinker wih bls farce slag about 65% ‘ftps of mre be To hes of hatin, more durability ad sete sistant 0 si an water onfuinig excessive amounts of sulphates. allales, met aswel ws ide wate, + Usedin Manne Works '¥) Super Sulphate Cement (S$C)~ + Properion~_ i) Granulated last race lag 80-35% i} Calc Suite 10-13% sin Pond Coen Clinker om + Spite surfice not es than 400 ging. {Ths low hea evolton hence wed fr tse conerete works 40 cam) High revean tosupae tack once use for foundation works whee spgreive conditions exis ©) Portland Porzoana Cement (PPC): Pzzalana: Sisco mates which has mo cemenesious properties when iti used lone but in the presence of cere! poses cemenicons popes “Anificial orzlanas Fly ash Sic Fume ls Furove Slag ‘Nair pznanas: Burt Cl, Punic, Distamaceious ext + Matic by grinding Potnd cement ike with up 28% of Porzlaa 1 avantapes: Reduced css inceaed workable het of sation, le rete Fesstunce to apprewve wether Used in mas concreting Nowa dye cement compass ae producing PPC cement 1) White Coment “+ White Chalk and chins cy are ase as aw mati with How percentage oF ron fue which gives white colo 4+ Cae or architect! works, ingles ee ACE, cement, 309 Coe t i) Coloured Cement- + Colouring eget ara wo the white cement to give colour { on'Oride is aded to ive rod ad Yellow, Cobalt to give bile and manganese iid ive lak colo vi) Water Pret Portand Cement + Winer proofing agent ke ammonium sear, ole, wanes, cl iF et, ae Med wie nae of cat 1s) Hydrophobic Comes + Manafictured by grinding OPC clinker wih 0.119 0.4% of onc aid, sere aid or Ethos clo: phe = +) The storage of ondinay Porn cement” (OPC) in humid places eases tera a quality of cement. Forsch plies hyophabic erent wet 18) Masonry Cement +" Monufictred by inteagrinding OPC anf hydrated time, gabulted slag or rushed stone, + Good workin rode svinkage and water envi {When OPCs used, de ois es wate recat, the Masonry absorbs we fom ‘he mortar reslng a poor bond. Ths peoban can be eins by wine masonry 1) Expanding Cement + Ohisined ty ming “sponte in cement | {Asma pecestage of tis erent when added cance, wil eliminate racks, 2 Used orrouting 1) High Amina Cement + Compost: Caleneoas + Auminous(Bauste) 1 Usedin Kiss, Chemeys which can wih std igh temperate 1 Acid sesitan, great het of koation 1 Init seing 312 hours and fi sein time 5 hours ‘TESTS ON CEMENT: Fineness: 4 isan index of ginding {Determined by sieving trough 90 micron 1S seve No) {The esidu after sieving shoul ot exceed 10% by weight for OPC {Also deteoined by Blan" Air Pemeabity et * Inaicpemeabiiytesthe Fines i spaced by specific surfive™ the src ea of gram of eet prices expressed a et + OPC2380 m/e. PPC 3000 ce SSC 4000 cig dard Comistncy(P) 4 The pereage of wae required to mke a workable cement past Detemined by Vins appanm ting Vea pinger( Tem damete) {© Asper Vie’ test" The percentage of water added nthe creat whic he nce ‘anne enemas St 7m rm bot of the mod called Consistency '* ForOPC consistency is round 30% 10 ‘classroom Practice Questions with. 463. Ina sting ine The tne at which cement sas ein paces Deteninel by Via? apras wns Vea’ needle mm square needle) Forte teat ene ened th 8 teste water requ for stand ‘per View's est th tme laps since the aston of water to he ere p to the tie at wich the needle ean aol peeuate 5 oma om the boom of the Visas mould For OPC initial sting me should fs than 30 imues 464 Final setting me: tn une at whch te cement end i seting proces and became ad { Deteminel by Vicas apparatus using ved pele with annua enia of Sem da Asperthe es etme lagu since he aon of water othe cement up 0 he tinea which mele with aul collarcan only make a ask on the a een ‘rice ‘For OPC final sein ine shuld not be mare than 10 hours 45 Seundness the expansion of semen due othe presence of ree lime nd magnesia sealed sve ‘+ Desermined by Lechter pparatis 1 Porthe test omens mined wth 78 tines the water required fer andar somites) «vps the test appara he expansion atte ens of ep of Le-chatier appara ‘Sod ct be more th 10 foe he erent oe sau «tthe expansion exceds 10m afer sandr es procedure, he cement shold mot eusod 4+ Autoclave test sa sed forthe soundness. is. quik test 45, Heat of Hydration ‘+ Hylton is proces of ang water the cement {Due otheadfion of water chen rections statin the cement {S Therenton ae exothermic in tre which evel ea) {D-The neat evolved fom te conerete eases racks The eat yon is etemined by Abate Caoremetr est or vacou sk Heat ofhyation or OPC at? days 3 65 caliand at 28 days» 7Scalp 46. Specie gravity of cement: 4 Using Kerosene ad spect gravity hale the tests eopdicted 127°C {For OPC specific ravi is aren 3.1 Which type of cootng of clinker in ‘he rtry ooler wl eu niger Sengthat Pond cement (a)quek (@) moderate (stow (a) vey slow Wicd of he ftowingarangerens 5 comet cegading the presence of ‘OXIDE COMPOSITIONS {in deseasing onde) in the Porta Cement, {(C80-Si03>A1,00-Fe:0Ms0 {WSI0-°CH0°ALO.>Fes0.>Me0 (9Cx0-S102-AL0%-Mam>Fe0s (OSi0=CAO° ALOPMge> FeO, Mato List wih List and slot the comect answer few the codes ven boon Lise (Bowte's Compounds) w cs Mos © GA CAF Lise {Other name for Bouge's Compounds) ) Cette ©) Bele ©) Alte (8) Fete Cotes ® @t 3 o3 @1 Consider the fillowing. siemens repaing the Hytrin of cement (Tess sntatineous one (2) Hyeeation emily comisbaed Som te hatin of. (9) Hydeaton peocese ie slower in the eatlyporiod and eantues ‘ndeincely aa nctessing rae (4) Product of hydration i refered CS OF ese {@) 1.2, aresorest (6)1,3,4areconeet (6) 2 dsione incorect (0) 2, Salng iscomect Which of the following Bug's compound i tesponsbie for FLASH (OS MES GA WCAF the corest {A) Rapid Hardening Cement (8) Supe Resisting Carmen. (0 Low Hest Cement (Low Cia and Law CAP (2) Higher 8 & lower CS {@) Less Gypsum Content () Low OS and CA (@) Ulinatestensth of lowest ‘men x same ht ndicary Porta Cement (@)The we ct Rapid_hadening cement ia PSC eonsiucton Is prohibie, (© The fare of ow hen cements aslo at af gin of stent, (@ Rapid denne. cement develops atthe age a3 dys the Same stensth tats expected ‘st orinary Porand Cement a7 a2 ‘lassroom Practice: (08 The range of Porzlan constituent it Postand, Pozali Cemant By svegitot cement) GHD 25% ys 30% 2% 25-40% (09, Which ofthe following agent can be ted Bt ATR Eta ABS 8 ‘weit as Pasties {ai Henealebin WSyatete detergents {e)Calsiam Lip Sulphate (a) Alltieabove 10. Confer the following. satemens repprdng tbe Porlind Pool Cement {Uy lprodse ess hea of hygation {@) Adition of Pozzaann Joes not ent to these ety tees (6) Stength of is cement at amy fine is aieays Tes tan the Song ofthe Ported Cement 4) Wisp enfin marine nul Mydi comtuctin ()1,2,3 ae comet, (0)2,3,4areconect (91 3edare comet (01.2.4 arecoreet HL Math Liss with List ad set the oret saver from te codes sven flow Li {ype of Cement (Ay Onc Sening Cement 1B) Rediset Cement {) Super Suiphate Cement ised (sed tn) {(Conerutionteveen tides {2} Used oundation {G) Grouting Operon, 1e Be Be re) OLE) OLE) Be He) key with Study Material odes ABC ms 2 123 nar ehal 13 2 12, Consider the following. satements epuuding the High Alumina Cement Gy This should not be made with Wicratomoresian 3 (6) One ofthe most advantages of ‘ah sl cement conte Is ery high tate of tens evelopment. ortese (3) lone comet (1 Sareconest (@)Salone somes, (haltare conc 12. When compared to Ordinary Prtand Cement te nil apd fal sting fine for Low Hest) Cement respectively (Gresmesstme — ¢8)more sume (Qiesssame same. ore 14, The guaatiy of Gypsum added in fement varies fom 2 to 3% will ‘depend upon de gunn of (CAA comes (O)CAAF meee (GS imoment (CSAC cement BL 5), 08 md tLe B® aL 0 os, “The tre ain a mati for land cement re: Pr (@) Limestone sand stone and (time Sicaandchy (6) Lime, lay and gypsum (G) Sie shes an gypsum ‘Tae cementing propery in cement is primary dt (by iia (tine (aluminum Th oes ng coment (a) $40 to 1000°C_ ea {8 1000. 200 {5} 10000 sore {8 i600 200 Gypeum consists of G@HsS and CO; caso. (© Lime nd 0 ()CO; and ali Gypsum added in cement ‘manufcaning (0) tthe ening of ering ow (VAT the end of rinting into power (Inthe hot in (G) Ate "winding Jomo cement powder Gypsum is added ia cement nutcase te propery of {a} Cementng (Seine (6) Reading thee (@ Hew ofan (@)drsalcium sikome (©) Trcaliam ste (6) Traum alumite (aller theabove The appropriate percentage of ‘eam, aee “pen oe 50 oh ois iu ae responsible forthe ety Seng of (@)tcncim almiterie hdc (©) Gypsum (G) Teal state The approximate perce of ‘rcleium alumi fm cement aan 30 on foo The Slowing compound ie "spn rth er ge eh {@) Gypsum (by Tealium Alumiane (©) Tact Sica {dhDicslenm Siste The apprise pecenage of clea suminate in” Pot @40 W302 IO The approximate percentage of cali scat a Poland coment ao ws ws os aa 8 foe testing eng ime of cement fone sould est for Geouniness )swexgth Chiineness | (@)camstency “Tae normal consistency of oxnay sortand cement bout to 1b) 20% (30% aan “The noma List and with Ls tend flesh the comectanewer using He des given below ts int "A. View? sneedle BL Michairs compound lever spars Le Cmte’ apporats D Taber et 1 Seng time 2 Specie srface 3 Tensile sens 4 Somes a ere rps O13 42 2 431 @3 412 16-P& the standard consiteney of| ferent th amount of te sed in Srducion the i seg ine Goes oss (oor (oar Meh List with List and sce fe comet aner tig the codes (pron below thei: Tet |. Fnenes of cement B Senna tine Soundness Wark ‘Classroom Practice Questions with Si Material Lien Tee-Chatee ppratis 2 Vieatsneale 3. Ai pemesbiliy 44 Slump cone soo wr? 32 1 4 1 cose 19, Which of the folowing cement table for use im massive concrete Seactrs suchas ge ame? fa) rdimy portland cement Fb) ow het cement (@) api hardening cement {ahi resin amen 20, The min specific suice of 4, good panel cement aba (ne 8 (yucca (6) 5.000 2.300 (e500 21. The percentage of the ssid Ie ier Seving god pata erent in 50 moron sieve should not be nor tha: (30 20 0 wo 22, The normal comisncy of portland ‘eet abot are ise 2. The min, compressive stengh of od porand cement and hora afer 72 hours ef cuing Should be abut Gin Nim) (is @ 10 5 (002 24, The expansion of portnd cement paste stl cased by Gifeeime(b) Resin (irooside (dh vids ACE, coment us et “To prods fw het cement (©) 2% magnesia 15% ica cer 0 ese he compan (8) 25% calc slp ta 15% os as staminn GGA car 30. High tion come i proce by Somdnes tet of comet done to fang toeersmatre tt deere ‘ars 98) (Gene nd base {ayn sea wer {Oy iestone, ae desu {@) feelin come {climes symm ay {Chom one sone {@)imesone yma aoe, cay (3) sina sot sndctal 21, For testing compresive steneth of Fla ceegeng.soroph) of 8 men he a sabe wad snd pod ent sand sem (26 co ‘mor ae 28 dys ing sould Sven (ise tbe lor tn G)s:0KBeRE—@) Liste? — | 22. For tein comprestive and tensile G)SkgeR —(O)210kgem" Stein of come he see tt | itm hy mig cement snd Mach List with List and sl Sod sna he proportions of the cones anrwer ting te Cas oie ones Exerbion us 6 Cpe cement) 38, The mos comon adixtie wich {Ab ets portand event ‘Shed eclete the sta Seto B Lowes porta eent comes .yopob pti’ comet (ayer Dad ren porn cement {hea chord (erin ertonne it | Chnome (Charset 1 Sutabeforverylagesmenns | 34, The sting tine of cement can be 2. Unb oe ey ge es snes yt abso fener (2) Cais code 3, Gres rts oft ick {oy Hydrogen 4, Sie mange tader towne Gsm Senin of ar. (Solan aa cop 35. The hase ppse of # ener in oe ars once 3 413 (2) 0 cree the nil ing tie @3 142 cement pte conse @sins (oy decree the inal ting te Sfcemen pen ne. ‘Blas rela tas apcoimaely (oj trend emcee ore wie Es 95) tight (0) 4% alenn oxide and aboot {0,18 improve the woabily of 3Sosihn coer (0) 50% lamin and 20% cain ide 116 _Gassroom Practice with Study Material__ACE ee AGGREGATES. 36. The mmx quitiy “of cakium | 41, The congress strength of onitary | ‘Blots an acl in Pen cee ah ee emma perce by et (Scan marc) se aye dae ee sreemenie (stehontoorcten tan Aceon ad | ior 2 Diogo WITS tse! ec 3 oa | zzoagen (a zre kp Coane Aeerate LiFe ‘37. The following material comtins | 42. Good quality of cement contains hoes eae Wake prem of ‘According o 1538, dened 8 agree most of which wil pas through 475 mm (Oy Black corm lay (@)Drcalcemseste 1S sieve and entirely retained on 75 sew. {deme (©) Preach sanate ged rushed sone, ahr cndr and uti (timesum (hrvucalun ro teie 3a, The adlon of pale cement 12. Coane Agzrepste: ones 43 pi renin eet wns my Retsined on 4.75 mm sev nd 0m sieve (a) les heat of hydration ‘strength due 10 eae (Ostet oon | Giger proportion of tinker Eg Stone, alla, ve, ick blast (Shae nvenabiy elaselieescattie Com (eceeinanengh = 2. Suri: (byes proportion of clinker Powdered broken rick bun brick lclly ale suk wd a fine garg in ine 29, Aer srg, te eng of cement ended conver Dat seal pie (haere een Wines (©) tear pporion of sinker Sand {Gremaim ane onde! tne hn ema Sand fieton ito reas vintage of mor or once: Prevents cack (Bryce or ere one | cotargr propuin of anar ‘Types ofsand: ()Riversand G@)Pitsind (i) Sea sand 40, Wich of slowing pin in Pevensie sntvh ic ro Bia eld ase ee dawres Oe ae (Gi) it Sand : Consists of sharp angular grins, very good material for making mortars. UES") | 44, The mos common adie whieh (Gi) Sea Send: Contes floresene doco psn otek ini sein ine... 3 mie, commrenly coe eas Bethan 2ialsting ie. 10 ‘Sau 3: Noma soneey HOD eld tori Good snd shod have conse ad angulr grins @tims osm) (Gaierpaie Sein (ehland? (tants shou fem iso ors ht may Raper sting or ack he 4. Raf ion cme ee sont. shold bevel graded Oiremm Maul ot conan ay hygroscopic mae. (Soraad uaa * Forte tnie and compressive sirengh of ema sper BI, standard ed | (Bape vy ‘tould be teod, called Emore nd (Enorinaplae wear Chenoa ca 5 Propet of Aggregate which Influence the properties of concrete 0. 0) 0.) 0 0S) 676) 6 08-4) 10.6) 1.48) 48), S.Parie Shape 15.0) 14. (0 15.6) 16.09 17.0) 18.19.09 20.00 21.6) 2.0) 3.0)24.) ORR ROP A ei od Ma 28. (26) 20) 2) 29.4) 3.0) 36) 32.6) 38. 0) 34,6) 38.0 36.0) * Anglo ay isos vrai ean ment an 537.0) 38-4) 39.() 4.6) 8.) 42,8) Bf) 64) 45.00 ‘eater fo ve speed sengthofeonrcc mit oe Uc yoann, Baer Pha) et ‘classroom Practice Questions with Study Material__ ACE S52 Strength of Aggregate: Crashing strength of god cotrse aggregate is about 200 Nim (0) Agee Ching Vale: + For sonst el for ods and paverets 30% * For ter smctiral work 3 48% (@)Azgrezate npc Val: + Forroads and pavements 30% ‘ Forother seucaral works » 45% (6 Bulking of Sand * Due to the presence of moisare Sen thin fm of moist fr ‘sound he fine Searegntes and eter surface tension ‘his mote called adhered moire This keps the pti 0 ‘pel away fom each fhe and ts ‘zsregtes bulk in volume ' Nepal incase of coarse aggrestes * thing screases wih the fnesses of garepes. * When he mates option ey volume batching bulking of san plays inporant ‘le + Fine sands how maim bulking a 49.6% maisue, Whereas course sand shows (Grading of aggregate: Used odtemine the price size dstsburon ina sample of aggregate called gation. 4 Stove amiss sed for eration 4 Stove snes 80 mw 150 are sed in he sieve amalyis «© Fineness Modulus (FM) itisan inden of rating of agrenc ina gten sample + Fines modules detemsined by sieve atlis {Pu Therato othe eating percentage of materia esind on each sieve | 100 + Revomineal Fineness modules CA is 7 “The lasfcation of sand based on FM “fine sand 2.21026, + mim sand 2461029 couse 2903.2, Ets with FM > 3.2 should not be sein constuction Hic RCC medom sand of ze spr BIS should be wsed ‘les wading curves te gnc rv odeterie de aration ofthe agrees oL a ®. aw 5 LEVEL 1 Questions ‘ne agercpnte ihe one which us| 07. The void rao. of graded. coame St 10% psig oh 1 sieves aggre about Nos (ose ose (475mm 0)2.36mm (904s oan | (akin (8) 60min 08, The vod rao of fine agerepte wed ‘The following fine ages i noe Snsonorte about | ‘esamended frase cnet if (ns) aso ‘sone coos @oao {a) BPE passing teh 600 iron fieve 09, The bulking of garestsdue (10% pssing though 300 sew (a) shsorbed mostre seve (@hmose costes (6 80% reine on 300 micron (chess compaction sees (ro (0) 80% resin on 600 meron eve 10. The maximum buiking facta of sand Ethour A cose ageregate contain pales Qi O13 Ol4 Ors tahoe (2) cen on 4.750 8 sieve 11, The maximum bulking of sand is {820% pasing rough mon 1S Tiely to cut att preniage weve ‘oistre coatent of (10% passing tough 10m IS Os OF Ol Ou (a) 10% passing though 236mm 1S | 12. The agrepne csi ve of good seve uy aegreste used for building | Snezete i abou “he ma, 4 of lay lumps permite {oy morethan inthe negate Used in core {yore tha 30 staking fsbout {e)leschands @ ws 03 I (ales tan 30 ‘The maxinum pesentge of | 18, The aggregate impact value of he Akleeius neil pesmited in greys use in bling concrete is zgrezte snout hoa Ow G7 © wt {apes than 30 (byes ans “Te spec rai of ie agree {e) more tian 30 tein sonerete abot (a) mee than 45 fsa ws2 O30 27 KEY La Be) OL) OK) OLE) 6.) OTM) 86 0.6) 16 1H BE BO CHAPTER~3 ‘CONCRETE 1. Concrete: ‘Concrete’ is «composite product produced by mixing cement, fine agerepate, ‘course aggregate and wate ina suitable proportion. 2. Concrete Mixes: 21 Nominal Mix: Mixes of fixed proportions generally by “volume’ which ensure ‘adequate Strength. As per I: 456-2000, upto M20 can be ‘designed by Nominal mix method 2.2Standard Mix: As published in 1 456, set of mixes specified in terms of dry weights of ingredens, For egM10- 1536 MIS -I:2:4, 201: 14:3, 23, Desiga Mis: The proportions is by weight, No Sted proportions for «specified strength For mixes> M2S design mix is most [As per IS: 456- 2000 upto MSS ~ ordinary concrete > M60 high ‘seength concrete Factors ta be consdered for mix detgn ‘The grade designation giving the characteristic strength requirement of concrete The type of cement inluenes the rate of development of eompeesive eng of eonorte ‘+ Maximum nominal size of agaregtes to be used ia concrete may be as large as ossble within the Timispreseribed by 18 456:2000 ‘+ The cement content iso belimited from shrinkage, cracking and creep. ‘+ The workability of concrete for satisfactory placing and compaction is related t the size and shape of section, quantity end spacing of reinforeement and technique used for tnsportin, pacing and compaction. ‘3. Water Cement Ratio: The aio of water and cement hy weight ina concrete mix. As ‘ated by Duff Abram wih given conerete materia and conition of ement determines the tenth ofthe concrete so lng asthe mix is ofa workable plasticity. Abram Equation $= A/B "where A and B ae constants Compressive strength in MPa_we™ water to cement ratio The strength of concrete is inversely proportional to water cement ratio i, lower the water cement rato, greater i the stength of concrete and vce vest. The relationship between ater cement ratio by Weight andthe developed compressive strength of concrete at 23 days 1may be sbowngrophically. When water cement ratio becomes less than 0.28, the curve bends ‘dovmward, which indiostes tht the cores is not workable. If such a copest used for ‘construction then a honeycomb structure wll be obtained (Uc Anny Met Pm ain D6 ony (ih Ree Concrete, 21 4. Properties of Fresh Conerat: 41 Workabity of Concrete: The property of canerte which deemines the amount of efter! work necessary to produce fall compaction workability isthe amount ‘fener to overcorc Frcion wile comgacting. Abo defined asthe relive eae With Which concrete can be mixed, tansported, moulded and compacted 42. Workabity Te 1 Stamp Test Slump cone of bot din 2m, tp dit sm and eight 305m, Taso layers concrete Lach Inver trmpe for 25 ine bya stand taping re of 1 “Sameer andr, lng The subsidence of cnet under grant nn let shan Recommended sump for various concrete works (ma) 1 Pavements 2 Mas concrete sacar 3. Un reinforced orings Hounds, footings walls so 10 5. pumped conse, sp fre work 18 100 6th ln su pies, em cone 100 150 Advaniage of Slap Cone Suitable fr field applistion, suituble for concrete of high and ‘eden work 1 Compar Compcingacr= _wih fry onc ete, Sibi: For dtemianson of woe in laboratory es fay good els for ‘once wit low workability. Factor Tete tin fata Ver low workability 0.75008; Low 0810 085; Median 085 1995; High > 0.95 {i Vee: bee comistometer: The ime required for emlete remolding of cones in seconds afer laced inthe mould wih a anp cone: Exprened la secoma ‘Sabi For dey concrete having very lw Work. Verylow wotabli=205ec; low 612sec; medium 3465: ghee {Flow uble test: based an % lw workability can be estimated (©) Kelley ball test. Based on depth af peneration workability san be ase 43 Seagregation and Mleding Seggregation is defined as separating out ofthe consent pars of coacete mi, so Ha ‘he mi ino longer ina hamogenus nd able azz Classroom Practice. with Study Material _ ACE ‘Bleeding ithe sprain of grout ic (cement + wate) fom the mix, Laltance: Due to over vibration, couse paces see and scum rises to the top. The formation of sem i elle Iitnce. Which causes "Dusting off” ofthe suse: 1, ater sting of eneretin power for, §& Mising Concrete: (land Mixing (G Machine Mixing ‘51 Types of Mites: () Ting du type Mixers) Non siting ype i) Pan Mixes Mining time in Mixer: Not les then 1 rime Gevealiy 1% 2 minutes (CS revlutions per inte) ‘52. Hand Mining: Asrezute should be spread fston clean vrfice, Cersent thin peat over agueuste abd dry ters are mixed by turing ver from one ead of ty to tothe end citing witha above unl the 1s appets tim, Tarning 3 tines sly equed ‘ataly 10% mare cement shouldbe ads cater the afror hand mixing 6. Transportation of Concrete Plants for sansporation used are whee! hao hes jump buckets trucks, endless belt conveyer, paeunatc presire equipment thd

    You might also like