45 NOTES TO PG

Dr. Ankit Yadavendra, M.B.B.S., Dr.V.M.G.M.C., Solapur

33-PSYCHIATRY
delusion(thought content)-false, xed belief
idea-false, fluctuating belief
extracampine hallucination-outside limit of sensory eld
thought-form(loosening of association), stream, content(delusion),
possession(schizophrenia, OCD)
delirium-a/c,altered sensorium, autonom dysfn, sleep reversal, sundowning,
floccilation
Alz ds-intracellular-neurobrillar tangle, tau prot, Extracl-bEt amyloid plaque
1-40,1-41
involutional melanocholia-intense nihilism, somatization, agitation old age
proponent-therapy/school
Aaron Beck-cognitive therapy, cognitive theory(ve thought of future, self, environm)
Benedict MOrel-demence precOce
Burrhus F Skinner-operant conditioning
Carl Gustav Jung-analytical thinking
Costa&McCrae 5 factor model of personality(CANOE)-Conscientiousness,
Agreeableness, Neuroticism, Openness, Extroversion
Dendy Walter Cooper-psychotherapy
Edward HEcker-HEbephrenia
Emil Kraeplin-dementia precox
Erikson-8 stage classic of human life
Esquirol-hallucination is perception without stimulation
Eugen Bleuler-schizophrenia, Autism, Ambivalene, Affect, Association
disturbance(4A)
Ivan Pavlov-classical conditioning
James Braid-hypnosis
Kubler Ross-5stage grief/death(DABDA) -Denial, Anger, Bargain, Depression,
Acceptance
Prochaska&Diclemente stages of motivation cycle-precontemplation(denial)
contemplation preparation(decision, planning) action maintenance
relapse/recovery precontemplation
Schneider-3 feature of healthy thinking-constancy, organisation, continuity
Sigmund Freud(died in London)-psychoanalysis, psychotherapy, psychosexual
developm, oedipus complex, free association, penis envy, repression, topographical
theory(conscious, semiconscious, unconscious)
William CUllEN-NEUrosis
Timothy Crow-2type schizophrenia
General Adaptation Syndrome(GAS)
path of ANS when we are aroused by stressful situation
obsession

repetitive behaviour, ego dystonic, compulsion

panic attack
a/c anxiety, feeling of impending doom, quick resolution sympt
phobia
acro-high place
agora-open place
algo-pain
api-bees
claustro-close place
cyno-dog
eremo-being alone
gamo-marriage
gato-cat
gyno-woman
kakorrhaphio-failure
ophidio-snake
pnigero-smothering
sito-eating
techno-technology
thanato-death
xeno-stranger
zoo-animal
level of intelligence-IQ range
idiot=0-24
imbecile=25-49
moron=50-69
borderline=70-79
low normal=80-89
normal=90-109
superior=110-119
very superior=120-139
near genius140
mental status-IQ
normal70
mild=50-69-educable
moderate=35-49-trainable
severe=20-34-dependent
very severe<20-need life support
schizophrenia
1st rank sympt
3auditory hallucination-1st person(thought echo), 2nd(commentary, commanding),
3rd(talking among themselves)
3made phenomenon-impulse(motor act), volition(planned behaviour), affect
3thought disord-insertion, broadcast, withdrawal
somatic passivity

delusional perception
type1-+ve sympt, good progn, compliant to med, respond to medic, CT/MRI norm,
family support, a/c onset, late onset, f/h/o mood disord, stressful event, fem
neuroleptic malign synd
antipsychotic hypertherm, altered sensorium, leadpipe rigidity, autonomic dysfn
WBC, CPK, Mburia
Rx-(BADE)-Bromocriptine, Amantadine, Dantrolene, ECT
a/c stress disorder-durat<1mth
PostTraum Stress Disord(PTSD)>1mth
late PTSD-appear>6mth
adjustment disord-resolve<6mth
Pervasive sadness-Persists throughout d
terminal insomnia-early morning wakefulness
depression(pseudodement)-sad mood>14d
postpartum depression-within 4w PP
recurr depress disord2episode depress
dysthymia-sad mood>2y
cyclothymia-sad happy sad>2y
double depression=dysthymia+depression
mania-elated mood7d
hypomania-elated mood4d
bipolar1=mania+depression
bipolar2=hypomania+depression
rapid cycling disord4episode/y
antidepressant effect3w
depression age-middle age fem
Oto Veraguth fold-triangle fold in nasal corner of upper eyelid-depression
atypical depression-wt gain, appetite, hypersomnia, heavy sensation in limb,
interpersonal rejection sensitivity
NTschizophreniadepression
NE--
D--
5HT--
ACh--
glutamate--
suicide
suicide threaten suicide gesture parasuicide(deliberate self harm) suicide
attempt
biological marker-CSF 5HIAA
antisuicidal-Li, clozapine
suicide incidence India=36/lac
ds-suicide risk factor
depression=15%
schizophrenia=10-12%

substance dependence=10%
borderline personality=10%
classif bipolar disord
Young&Kleman
Akiskal
astasia abasia-bizarre unexplainable gait in conversion disord
conversion disord-express stress as bizarre involunt motor/sens complaint
dis-associate-circumscribed memory loss
dissociative fugue-forget prim identity, purposeful wandering
FActitious disord-deliberat FAke sympt
hypochondriasis-body dysmorphic disord
labelle indifference-conversion disorder
malinger-fake sympt
somatoform disord-psychological stress expressed in physical form
Id-birth, pleasure, immed
Ego-5-6mth, reality, def mech
Superego-4-5y, ideal
def mech
mature-humor, anticipation(doing), altruism(charity), sublimation(most mature,
express as society accepts), suppression(forgive+forget)
less adaptive-disPlacement(Phobia), intellectualization, isolation,
rationalization(illogical explanation), rxn formation(OCD), undoing(OCD)
immature-Denial(Drug addict), splitting(borderline personality), acting out,
Projection(Paranoid Personality), repressive(forgive, not forget, ability to lter
unpleasant memory)
Anorexia nervosa-Amenorrhoea, fear of wt gain, restrict diet, exercise, purge,
somatization disord
Bulimia nervosa-Binge eating, fear of Body image, purge, Mallory Weiss synd
Sleep(BATSDrinkBld)
Bet-awake, eye open-parietofrontal->14Hz-low amplitude
Alp-awake, eye closed-parietooccipital-(8-13 Hz)-high amplitude
Thet-NREM(orthodox, slow wave sleep) I-parietoTemporal, hippocampus(4-7Hz)-high
amplitude-microsleep(hypnoeic jerk), emotion state, dissapointment, frustration,
crying(child)
Spindle&K compleX-NREM II-large amplitude-bruXism, frontal lobe sz
Delt-NREM III,IV(3-5Hz)-sleepwalking(somnabulism), sleeptalking(somniloquy), bed
wetting, night terror(pavor nocturnus-autonom arousal)
Bet-REM(paradox sleep)-nightmare(dream), narcolepsy, memory consolidation,
penile tumescence, activity in pons,amygdala,hippocampus,ant cingulate gyrus
personality disord
cluster A-odd,eccentric
paranoid-suspicious
schizoid-emotionless

schizotypal-chance of schizophrenia
cluster B-Borderline personality disord, ASPD(antisocial personality disord),
emotional, erratic(self harm), dramatic
Borderline
histrionic
narcissitic
cluster C-anxious, fearful
OCPD(anakaspic person disord)
dependent
AAPD(anxious avoidant person disord)
typeD-CAD
addiction
craving
control lost
tolerance
withdrawal
salience(waiting)
knowledge of harmful use
for 3mth
locus ceruleus-NE
substantia nigra-D
raphe nucleus-5HT
nucleus of Meynert-ACh
general anxiety disord-free floating anxiety3mth
narcolepsy-hynoGOgic(GOing to sleep), hypnopompic hallucination, REM latency
catatonia-physical sign-m tone at rest(catalepsy), posturing, waxy flexibility, forced
grasping, negativism, rigidity, Gagenhalten, automatic obedience, echolalia,
echopraxia, ambivalence
D
Mx-1st-IV lorazepam, best-ECT
purpose of Classic in psychiatry
Communication
Comprehension
Control
neurasthenia(cardiac neurosis, c/c asthenia, da costa synd, effort synd, fnal CVS ds,
soldier heart, suba/c asthenia)
general lassitude
irritability
lack of concentration
worry
hypochondria
neuropsycologic test(cognitive fn brain)

attention, concentration
memory
language
arithmetic, calculation
visuospatial stability
attention, calculation-frontal lobe, ARAS
serial (1007) subtraction test
digit span test
d of w backward test
memory
immed-s
recent-min-24h
3object recall test
remote-d-w
shortterm(working)-dorsolat prefrontal cortex
longterm(remote)-neocortex
explicit-declaration, fact, gure
episodic-learn by time
semantic-learn by meaning
implicit-procedural-amygdala, striatum, reflex pathw, cerebellum(most resistant to
amnesia/dementia)
short longterm-hippocampus
stage of memory
registration-immed memory
encoding(simplifying)-recent memory
storage
retreival-recall
visuospatial ability-rt parietal lobe(ACh)
clock drawing test
block design test
Bender Gestalt test(MC screen test organic dysfn)
intelligence
MC child(6-16y)-Weschler Intelligence test for child
MC adult(>16y)-Weschler Adult Intelligence Test
Bhatia battery test
Alexander pass a long test
Koh block design test
personality
objective personality test
MMPI(Minnesota Multiphase Personality Inventory)
16PF(Personality Factor) test
projective personality test
Roschach inkblot test-10card, ambiguos stimul, personality struct
assessm,underlying thought abnorm, 8,9,10-colour card
Henry Murray&Christiana Morgan thematic apperception test-20card,

semiambiguous stimuli, personality dynamic assessm, interpersonal conflict

draw a person test
sentence completion
somatic Rx modality
ECT-u/l, b/l
rTMS(repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation)=1.5-3tesla
depression, OCD, refractory hallucination, schizophrenia, PTSD, migrainous
headache, bradykinesia
VNS(Vagus Nerve Stimulation)-lt CNX
deep brain stimulation-Parkinson ds, depression(trimonoamine booster)
cognitive intervention
cognitive behaviour therapy
cognitive remediation/rehabilitation
improvem memory
ICD-10
chapter=21, mental illness-5(f), axis=3(research), volume=3
DSMIV-axis=5
DSMV-axis=0
Abbreviations
a-artery, AA-amino acid, abtc-antibiotic, AI-autoimmune
bef-before, bel-below, b/l-bilateral, bld-blood, b/n-between, bn-benign, br-branch,
Bx-biopsy
ca-carcinoma, carb-carbohydrate, c/i-contraindication, c/l-contralateral,
conc-concentration, cong-congenital, Cx-cervix
d-day, def-deficient, ds-disease, d/t-due to, Dx-diagnosis
E-estrogen
fem-female, fr-from
gld-gland, glu-glucose
h-hormone
idiop-idiopathic, i/l-ipsilateral, inf-infection, inj-injury
lig-ligament, LL-lower limb, l/t-leading to
m-muscle, maj-major, mal-male, MC-most common, met-metastasis, min-minor,
mtx-methotrexate, Mx-management
n-nerve, norm-normal
P-progesterone, pl-plasma, prot-protein, pt-patient
Rx-treatment
SCC-squamous cell carcinoma, sr-serum, Sx-surgery, sz-seizure
tm-tumour, ts-tissue
UL-upper limb, u/l-unilateral
vag-vagina, VC-vocal cord, vel-velocity, vert-vertebra, vit-vitamin, vol-volume
w-week, wt-weight
Xr-X ray
y-year
#-fracture
-degree

-(N.B.-THESE NOTES ARE ONLY FOR THE PURPOSE OF GUIDANCE AND HELP
TO PG ASPIRANTS, NOT FOR COMMERCIAL OR OTHER PURPOSE. REFERENCE
HAS BEEN TAKEN FROM VARIOUS STANDARD TEXTBOOKS. FOR ANY
FEEDBACK/QUERY PLEASE CONTACT- ankit.yadavendra@facebook.com or
dr.ankityadavendra@gmail.com )