CH1: Intro.

To Programming
1.1 Electronic Computer
1.2 Intro.to Programming
1.3 Program Development Cycle
1.4 Algorithm Design

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1.1 Electronic Computer

What is the computer?
Computer hardware evolution?
How computer hardware works and interact with software/program?

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1.1 Electronic Computer

What is the computer?
A computer is a machine that manipulates data based on a list of instructions
call program
Computer consists of hardware and software
Device capable of performing computations and making logical decisions
Computers process data under the control of sets of instructions called
computer program
Its physical part of the computer
Examples; tiny computers, SBCs, PCs, Super computers

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1.1 Electronic Computer

Totalled 9 billion of
microprocessor
manufactured for
computers, only 2%
used for PCs, the
remaining 8.8 billion
is for Embedded
system

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1.1 Electronic Computer

COMPUTER HARDWARE is a physical
part of a computer.
Examples of computers are tiny
computer, single board computer, PCs,
workstations and super computers.
Typical Computer hardware consist
Central processing unit (CPU)
Control unit (CU)
Arithmetic and Logic unit
(ALU)
Main memory and external
memory
Input devices
Output devices

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1.1 Electronic Computer

prepared by omarabuhassan07@gmail.com

1.1 Electronic Computer

Main Memory/Primary memory
Used to install both program and
data
2 principles of main memory;
RAM (Random access memory)
Can be read/write anytime
Erased when no power

ROM (read-only memory)

Preloaded with program and data that

never change
Typically used to stored computer
initial start-up
In computer, ROM typically called
Firmware

External Memory
Called secondary memory
Used to store program or data
permanently
Cheaper than main memory and
can store more information
Examples: HDD, USB drives, floppy
disk and tape drives

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1.1 Electronic Computer

Input and Output
Devices
means for a
computer to
communicates with
an outside world

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