1

TOWN PLANNING
Systematic Planning of a town

Aims with the arrangement of various components or units of

a town such that it attains the significance of living organisms.

It requires imagination as well as proper understanding &

forecasting.

NECESSITY OF TOWN PLANNING/PROBLEMS

OF URBAN GROWTH
Defective Road System resulting in narrow streets & lanes.
Scarcity of water supply, power supply.
Development of Slums
Haphazard location of industries
Irregular Drainage system
Inadequate Open Spaces for parks & playgrounds
Transportation Congestion
Noisy atmosphere
Unhealthy Conditions
3

OBJECTIVES OF TOWN PLANNING

Beauty
By taking the natural advantage of land & also by giving

good finishes to the structure.

Convenience
Can be attained through transportation & other amenities.

Health
Through proper drainage, Pollution control, Sewage disposal

plants.
Environment
Should be maintained in such a way that it should provide

easiness to the living.

PRINCIPLES OF TOWN PLANNING

1) Green Belt
It limits the area of a town. It is the boundary.

2) Housing
Proper area should be allocated for housing to avoid

development of slums.
3) Public Buildings
There will be grouping of malls etc..

4) Recreation Centres
Club that area as Commercial Area.
5

PRINCIPLES OF TOWN PLANNING

5) Road System
For convenient movement of Traffic.

6) Transport Facilities
There should be minimum loss of time from place of work to

the place of residence.

7) Zoning
Different zones like Residential, Industrial etc.. For the entire

area.
6

GROWTH OF TOWNS
1) Growth according to Origin
2) Growth according to Direction

GROWTH OF TOWNS
1) Growth according to Origin:
a)

Planned Growth Growth in a preplanned way.

b)

Natural / Unplanned Growth:

Concentric Spread
Ribbon Development
Satellite Growth
Scattered Growth
8

GROWTH OF TOWNS
a) Natural / Unplanned Growth:

Concentric Spread:

Concentric Spread:

10

GROWTH OF TOWNS
a) Natural / Unplanned Growth:

Concentric Spread:
There should be a focus for town & development should be

around that focus. Focus Central business point.

Town developed in the form of concentric rings with nucleus as

the town.
Central Zone : Commercial Zone
Outer Zone : Residential or Industrial Buildings.

11

GROWTH OF TOWNS
a) Natural / Unplanned Growth:

Concentric Spread:
Disadvantages:
Narrow Streets, High population.
Leads to pollution, Traffic Congestion.

12

GROWTH OF TOWNS
b) Natural / Unplanned Growth:
Ribbon Development:

13

GROWTH OF TOWNS
b) Natural / Unplanned Growth:
Ribbon Development:
All development takes place along the sides of main road &

interior portion will remain as undeveloped.

Development takes place along a long strip.

14

Ribbon Development:

15

GROWTH OF TOWNS
b) Natural / Unplanned Growth:

Ribbon Development:
Disadvantages:
Future Expansion is difficult & costly.
Traffic Congestion
Increase in the cost of utilities.
Houses faces heavy traffic & noise chances of traffic accidents.
Lacking of social life scatters the community.
Efficiency of roads are decreased.
Affects the naturalness of the country.
16

GROWTH OF TOWNS
b) Natural / Unplanned Growth:
Ribbon Development:
Rules:
Controlled traffic through highways.
Control the obstructions.

17

GROWTH OF TOWNS
b) Natural / Unplanned Growth:
Satellite Growth:

18

GROWTH OF TOWNS
b) Natural / Unplanned Growth:
Satellite Growth:
After the development of Parent city, far away from it, a new

town should develop with its own facilities & depends on the
parent city is called Metropolis.
When town reaches a certain size, some sort of satellite growth

has to be taken place.

Satellite indicates a body under the influence of more powerful

body.

19

GROWTH OF TOWNS
b) Natural / Unplanned Growth:
Features of Satellite Town:
Satellite towns are developed & connected to main town

through proper transportation. (Eg: by local trains etc..)

It has its own Local government & corporate life.
It is situated beyond the green belt of the city.
It is only a residential area having local shops & educational

facilities.
Positioned such that it do not affect the development of parent

city.

20

GROWTH OF TOWNS
b) Natural / Unplanned Growth:
Disadvantages:
Long Journey time.
May be deprived of entertainment.
Absence of community activities which lead to absence of

community centres & halls.

21

GROWTH OF TOWNS
b) Natural / Unplanned Growth:
Scattered Growth:
Town developing in an irregular way
Resulting in:

Traffic Congestion

Encroachment of industries on residential areas.

Slums

Lack of parks
22

GROWTH OF TOWNS
2) Growth according to Direction:
a)

Horizontal Growth

b)

Vertical Growth

23

GROWTH OF TOWNS
2) Growth according to Direction:
a)

Horizontal Growth

24

Horizontal Growth

25

GROWTH OF TOWNS
2) Growth according to Direction:
a)

Horizontal Growth

Growth of town in horizontal direction.

Permitted only in places where land is available in plenty at

nominal cost.

26

GROWTH OF TOWNS
2) Growth according to Direction:
a)

Horizontal Growth Advantages:

Max. height of storeys = 2 or 3

Max. Light & ventilation is available

No services of high technical personals

Density of population can be restricted

Economy of floor space since columns, lifts etc are not

needed

Surrounding Space can be utilised for gardening

27

GROWTH OF TOWNS
2) Growth according to Direction:
a)

Horizontal Growth - Disadvantages

Use of more land space

Foundation cost per unit area will be more

Absence of group living

28

GROWTH OF TOWNS
2) Growth according to Direction:
b) Vertical Growth:

29

GROWTH OF TOWNS
2) Growth according to Direction:
b) Vertical Growth:

Growth of town in vertical direction.

When the land is costly, this is adopted.

30

GROWTH OF TOWNS
2) Growth according to Direction:
b) Vertical Growth Advantages:

Community living

Foundation cost will be distributed within floors

Lesser space Saving in land

Floors above certain height Advantage of natural

sceneries such as Sea view, river view etc..

Max. use of modern constn. Techniques

31

GROWTH OF TOWNS
2) Growth according to Direction:
b) Vertical Growth Disadvantages:

Natural calamities such as Earthquake, Fire etc..

Density of population is more

Problems of group living

Natural resources are less

Common type of design. No personal interest is considered

Privacy is less

Failure of Lifts or pumps to lift water cause discomfort to

people

Wastage of floor space since Lifts, supporting columns etc..

32
are to be provided

Horizontal Growth

33

CONCEPT OF NEW TOWNS

There are a no: of theories for Town Planning. Some of them are:
1) Conservative Theory
2) Garden City Movement
3) Radburn Layout

34

CONCEPT OF NEW TOWNS

1) Conservative Theory:
Sir Patrick Geddes, well known town planner came to India in

1915.
He gave advice for improvement of 18 major towns in India.
He laid emphasis on :

Survey before Plan

ie., Diagnosis before Treatment to make a correct
diagnosis of various ills from which town suffers & prescribe the
remedies for its cure.
35

CONCEPT OF NEW TOWNS

2) Garden City Movement:
Sir Ebenezer Howard gave the concept of Garden City.

He proposed The Garden City concept in the book Garden

City of Tomorrow.

36

CONCEPT OF NEW TOWNS

2) Garden City Movement:
Garden City is: A town designed for healthy living & industry
Size that makes possible a full measure of social life, but not

larger
Surrounded by a rural belt
Whole of the land being in public ownership or held in trust

for the community

37

CONCEPT OF NEW TOWNS

2) Garden City Movement:
Gave the idea of

Garden City using 3 magnets

38

Garden City Movement:

Advantages of Town Life

Disadvantages of Town Life

Opportunities of Work

Development of Slums

Social Life

Dirty Air

High Wages

Isolation of crowd

Well Streets

Poor Health condition

Amusements or Recreations
39

Garden City Movement:

Advantages of Country Life

Disadvantages of Country Life

Advantage of Natural beauty Lack of Society

Fresh air

Low Wages

Healthy condition

Lack of Amusement
Lack of Amenities

40

CONCEPT OF NEW TOWNS

2) Garden City Movement:
He proposed a town in the country

It contains open spaces & gardens around all houses

Has a population which is neither too small nor too large
Self sufficient unit having its own industries
Surrounded on its periphery by a green belt
Large area permanently reserved for agriculture
41

CONCEPT OF NEW TOWNS

2) Garden City Movement:
To apply the theory of Garden City in practice, Garden City

Association was formed in 1899

In 1903, site known as Letchworth (48kms from London) is

purchased

Area 1586 hectares.

Town was planned by Barry Parker & Raymond Unwin for

a population of 35000

The success of this lead to another garden city in Welwyn

in 1920
42

Letchworth Garden City

43

Welwyn Garden City

44

CONCEPT OF NEW TOWNS

3) Radburn Layout:
Clarence Stein & Henry Wright were influenced by Garden City

concept & prepared a Town Plan in 1928 for Radburn, New

Jersey (25km from new york)

Plan aimed to accommodate 25000 persons.

Automobile started to become essential in an American life and

the idea that it would bring about danger to pedestrians led to

creation of a safer community.
45

CONCEPT OF NEW TOWNS

Main Features of Radburn Layout:
Radburn was designed as superblock (a large block of land

surrounded by main roads)

This system separated pedestrian and vehicular traffic
With this system, the houses are assembled around small cul-de-

sac streets with access roads coming from the main roads
The remaining spaces were converted to parks as the backbone

of the neighbourhood
46

CONCEPT OF NEW TOWNS

Main Features of Radburn Layout:

Houses laid like living and sleeping areas are facing the garden

and park zones

Working Areas like store, kitchen will face the front roads

Called as Radburn Idea or Town for the Motor Age

47

CONCEPT OF NEW TOWNS

Main Features of Radburn Layout:

A pedestrian underpass and an overpass link the superblocks

This makes easier for the foot-traveler to start from any point &

keep on to reach school, stores or church without having to

traverse a street used by automobiles

48

Radburn Houses

49

Radburn Neighbourhood

50

Radburn Cul-de-sac

51

Radburn
streets

52

Cul-de-sac streets

53

Cul-de-sac streets

54

REQUIREMENTS OF NEW TOWNS

1) Function of the town
2) Welfare of the people

55

REQUIREMENTS OF NEW TOWNS

1) Function of the town:
New town is generally formed for a specific purpose

Purpose may be commerce, industry, culture, education, health

etc.

Once the function of new town is known, size of population that

can be accommodated can be worked out

56

REQUIREMENTS OF NEW TOWNS

2) Welfare of the people:
New town should be designed for the welfare of the people
It can be measured by 3 factors:

Amenity

Convenience

Health

Town will be able to maintain their health with reasonable

amenities & conveniences.

57