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BFC3121Geotechnical&TransportationLab(CBRtest)
Group5(Section7)
STUDENTCODEOFETHIC
(SCE)
DEPARTMENTOFGEOTECHNICALAND
TRANSPORTATIONENGINEERING
FACULTYOFCIVIL&ENVIRONMENTAL
ENGINEERING
UTHM
I,herebyconfessthatIhavepreparedthisreportonmyowneffort.Ialsoadmitnotto
receiveorgiveanyhelpduringthepreparationofthisreportandpledgethat
everythingmentionedinthereportistrue.
___________________________
StudentSignature
Name:MOHDFARISBINABDULLRAHIM
MatricNo.:DF090099
Date:17MARCH2011
Group5(Section7)
STUDENTCODEOFETHIC
(SCE)
ENGINEERING
UTHM
___________________________
StudentSignature
Name:MOHAMADNORHAFIZULBINMOHDARIF
MatricNo.:DF090157
Date:17MARCH2011
Group5(Section7)
STUDENTCODEOFETHIC
(SCE)
ENGINEERING
UTHM
___________________________
StudentSignature
Name:MOHAMADFADZLIBINMOHDSARIB
MatricNo.:DF090099
Date:17MARCH2011
Group5(Section7)
STUDENTCODEOFETHIC
(SCE)
ENGINEERING
UTHM
___________________________
StudentSignature
Name:NURATIQAHBINTIAHMADKAMARUDIN
MatricNo.:AF080242
Date:17MARCH2011
Group5(Section7)
STUDENTCODEOFETHIC
(SCE)
ENGINEERING
UTHM
___________________________
StudentSignature
Name:NURFADILAHBINTIKAMALUDIN
MatricNo.:AF080203
Date:17MARCH2011
ALLMEMBERPERSONALPROFILE
5
Group5(Section7)
MOHDFARISBINABDULLRAHIM
DF090071
MOHAMADNORHAFIZULBINMOHDARIF
DF090157
MOHAMADFADZLIBINMOHDSARIB
DF090099
NURFADILAHBINTIKAMALUDIN
AF080203
NURATIQAHBINTIAHMADKAMARUDIN
AF080242
Group5(Section7)
CONTENT
1.0 INTRODUCTION
01
2.0 OBJECTIVE
02
3.0 APPARATUS
02
4.0 PROCEDURE
04
5.0 RESULTANDDATAANALYSIS
06
6.0 DISCUSSION
13
7.0 CONCLUSION
14
8.0 REFERENCES
14
9.0 APPENDIX
15
Group5(Section7)
TITLE:CALIFORNIABEARINGRATIOTEST
________________________________________________________________________
1.0
INTRODUCTION
The California Bearing Ratio (CBR) was developed by California division of
highways as a method of classifying and evaluating soilsubgrade and base
course materials for flexible pavements. The CBR test is currently used in
pavementdesignforbothroadsandairfieldpavement.InsomemethodsCBRis
used directly and in some others it is converted to Resilient Modulus MR using
thefollowingrelationshipsareMR=1500xCBR(ibs/in2),MR=10340xCBR
(Kpa)
The laboratory CBR test measures the shearing resistance of a crushed
aggregate/soil under controlled moisture and density conditions. The test yields
bearing ratio number that is applicable for the state of crushed aggregate/soil as
tested. The CBR is obtained as the ratio of the unit stress required of effect a
certaindepthofpenetrationofthepiston(1935mm)intoacompactedspecimen
of crushed aggregate/soil at some water content and density to the standard unit
stress required to obtain the same depth of penetration on a standard sample of
crushedstone.Thus.CBR=**100TheCBRisusuallybaseontheloadratiofor
thepenetrationof25mm.IftheCBRvalueatthepenetrationof5.0mmislarger,
the test should be repeated. If a second test yields a larger value of CBR at 5.0
mmpenetrationthenthislargervalueshouldbeadopted.TheCBRtestareusually
made on test specimens at optimum moisture content (OMC) for the crushed
aggregate/soilasdeterminedfrommodifiedcompactiontest.
Group5(Section7)
CBRisusedtoratetheperformancesofsoilsusedasbasesandsubgrade.The
followingtablegivestypicalrating:
2.0
CBR
GENERALRATING
USES
0.3
Verypoor
Subgrade
37
Poortofair
Subgrade
720
Fair
Subbase
2050
Good
Baseofsubbase
>50
Excellence
Base
OBJECTIVE
TodeterminetheCBRvalueofthegivencrushedaggregate/soilsample.
3.0
APPARATUS
3.1
CBRequipmentconsistingof152.4mmdiameterand178mmheight,An
extension collar of a diameter 51 mm, spacer disk of 150.8mm diameter
and61.4mmheight.
3.2
Mechanicalcompactionrammer50.8mmdie,2.49kgandcapableoffree
fallof305mm.
3.3
Surchargeweighttosimulatetheeffectofoverlayingpavementweight.
3.4
CBR machine: A compression machine, which can operate at a constant

rateof1.3mm/min.Ametalpistonof1935mm2isattachedtoit.
Mechanical
compaction
rammer
Gaugereader
9
Group5(Section7)
Surchargeweight
Cbrmould
Clampingand
baseplateof
CBRmould
Rodplat
10
Group5(Section7)
4.0
PROCEDURE
1. CBR equipment consisting of 152.4 mm

diameterand178mmheight,Anextension
collar of diameter 51 mm, spacer disk of
150.8mmdiameterand61.4mmheight.
2. Mechanical compaction rammer 50.8 mm

die,2.49kgandcapableoffreefallof305
mm.
2. The representative crushed aggregate/soil

sample is sieved through 20 mm sieve.
About 5kg of crushed aggregate/soil is
taken and mixed with optimum moisture
content(OMC).
11
Group5(Section7)
2. Compact the aggregate /soil water mixture into

the world in 3 equal layers to give a height of
127mmcompacteachlayerinthe10blows,30
blowsand65blowsforeachsample.
2. Place the mold with crushed aggregate/soil on

the CBR machine and place the surcharge
weight .seat the penetration piston, set the dial
gaugesforloadandpenetration.
2. Determine the water content of the

crushedaggregate/soilmixture.
12
Group5(Section7)
5.0
RESULTANDANALYSISDATA
CBR:Plottheloaddeformationcurveforeachspecimen.Insomecasestheinitial
penetration takes place without a proportional increase in the resistance to
penetration and the curve may be concave upward. To obtain the true stressstrain
relationships, correct the curve having concave upward shape near the origin by
adjustingthelocationoftheoriginbyextendingthestraighttheportionofthestress
straincurvedownwarduntilitintersectswithxaxis.
Determinethecorrectedloadvaluesat2.5mmand5.0mmanddeterminetheCBR
bythefollowingrelationship.
Standardloadat2.5mmistaken13.2kNandat5.0mmitison20kN
DryDensity:
Weightoftheemptymold
=Agm
Weightofthemold+soil
=Bgm
Volumeofsoilsample
=V
Weightdensity
WaterContentw
DryDensity
PlottheCBRvsDrydensityanddeterminetheCBRat95%ofmaximumdrydensity
andrepeatthisvalueofCBR.
CBRTESTPENETRATIONDATA
Load
13
Group5(Section7)
Sample1
Penetration
Sample2
Sample3
(mm)
Div.
Corrected
Div.
Corrected
Div.
Corrected
0.0
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.5
0.00
0.00
0.13
1.0
0.00
0.00
18
0.80
1.5
21
0.93
0.22
38
1.69
2.0
45
2.00
33
1.47
61
2.71
2.5
65
2.89
70
3.12
97
4.32
3.0
83
3.69
108
4.81
142
6.32
3.5
100
4.45
146
6.50
198
8.81
4.0
117
5.21
187
8.32
269
11.97
4.5
133
5.92
234
10.41
335
14.91
5.0
149
6.63
272
12.10
400
17.80
5.5
162
7.21
309
13.75
468
20.83
6.0
175
7.79
345
15.35
545
24.25
EXAMPLEOFCALCULATION
Usesample1,penetration1.5
Corrected
=0.0445dialgauge
=0.044521
=0.93
*Calculationforsample2andsample3issameasabove
GraphLoad(kN)versusPenetration(mm)hasbeenplottedinappendix.
DATASHEET(CBRTEST)
14
Group5(Section7)
TypeoftheTest:Soaked/Unsoaked
OMCDate:17/03/2011
OMC:5.0% max:2151kg/cm3
Sample
No.ofBlows
10
30
65
Emptywt.ofmould,W1(g)
16726
16839
16707
Wtofmould+wetsample,W2(g)
21210
21582.0
21544
Volumeofsample,V(cm3)
2127
2127
2127
Wetdensity=(W2W1)/V(g/cm3)
2.108
2.230
2.274
10
30
65
Wt.ofemptycan,A(g)
10.10
17.00
9.80
Wt.ofcan+wetsample,B(g)
110.10
117.00
109.80
Wt.ofcan+drysample,C(g)
104.60
111.70
104.80
Watercontent,W%=[(BC)/(CA)]*100
5.82
5.60
5.26
DryDensity,=/(1+W)(g/cm3)
1.992
2.112
2.160
Canno.
GraphDryDensity(g/cm3)versusMoistureContent(%)hasbeenplottedinappendix.
15
Group5(Section7)
Sample1(10blows)
WeightofMould,W1
=16726g
WeightofMould+wetsample,W2
=21210g
Volume,V
=j2t
=x7.622x11.66
=2127cm3
Wetdensity,
Weightofcan,A
=10.10g
Weightofcan+wetsample,B
=110.10g
Weightofcan+drysample,C
=104.60g
Watercontent,W
DryDensity,d
Sample2(30blows)
WeightofMould,W1
=16839g
=21582g
Volume,V
=j2t
=x7.622x11.66
=2127cm3
Wetdensity,
Weightofcan,A
=17.00g
=117.00g
=111.70g
Watercontent,W
16
Group5(Section7)
DryDensity,d
Sample3(65blows)
WeightofMould,W1
=16707g
=21544g
Volume,V
=j2t
=x7.622x11.66
=2127cm3
Wetdensity,
Weightofcan,A
=9.80g
=109.80g
=104.80g
Watercontent,W
DryDensity,d
SummaryofTestResults
Sample
No.
1
No.of
Blows
(gm/cm3)
CBR2.5(%)
CBR5.0(%)
10
1.992
21.89
33.15
30
2.112
23.64
60.50
17
Group5(Section7)
65
2.160
32.73
89.00
CBRat0.95max:100%
ThegraphDryDensity(g/cm3)versusCBR(%)hasbeenplottedasshowninappendix.
Usesampleno.1
CBR2.5=penetrationdatax100
13.2
=2.89x100
13.2
=21.89
CBR5.0=penetrationdatax100
20
=6.63x100
20
=33.15
*Calculationforsample2andsample3issameasabove
Refergraph,
Optimummoisturecontent=5.33%
Maxdrydensity=2.160gm/cm3
CBRat0.95dmax=45%(baseofsubbase)
6.0
DISCUSSION
TheCaliforniaBearingRatioiscarriedouttodeterminetheCBRvalueof
the given crushed aggregate or soil sample. The value of the experiment is
comparedwiththestandardvalueofCBR.
18
Group5(Section7)
IntheCBRtest,thesampleisseparatedinto3typeswhichconsistof10
blows, 30 blows and 65 blows. Every sample is compacted to 3 layers for each
blow.
The compacted soil will be tested with the depth of penetration of the metal
piston.Thevalueofpenetrationisrecordedintothetable.Thecompactionthatis
carriedoutcausesthesoiltobecomemorecompact.
Fromthegraphload(kN)versuspenetration(mm)thatisbeenplotted,the
value of the corrected load at 2.5mm and 5.0mm is obtained. The CBR2.5 and
CBR5.0valueforsample1is21.89%and33.15%,sample2is23.64%and60.50%
andsample3is32.73%and89.00%.Accordingtotheresult,sample3issoilwith
goodcompactionthatgivesahighervalueofCBR.
ThegraphofCBRversusDrydensityhasbeenplottedasappendicesand
wehavedeterminedthevalueofCBRat0.95drydensitymaximumis45%.This
showsthatthesampleissuitable(good)tobeusedasthebaseofsubbaselayer
becausethevalueisbetween2050%.
Precautions
Cleantheholesofthebaseplateandthatofperforateddiscthoroughly.
Alignthesurchargeweightwiththeplungersothattheplungerpenetratesfreely
intothesoil.
7.0
CONCLUSSION
The objective of this experiment is to determine the California Bearing

Ratio(CBR)valueofthegivencrushedaggregateorsoilsample.TheCBRtest
19
Group5(Section7)
areveryimportanttesttomakesureofpavementdesignfulfilltherequirementso
thatitnotfailureinourdesigntimelater.
Fromthisexperiment,thevalueofCBRisusedforroadpavementdesign.
Itincludesthethicknessofthepavementlayer.
There are 4 graphs plotted. Pavement layer functions to support and
separate load from vehicles. So, CBR is important in design to make sure the
recordisabletosupport.
We can conclude that our experiment is successful. It is because the
aggregate value of CBR is 95%, more than 50%, which is excellent in general
rating.Itcanbeuseasroadbaseandsubbaselayer.Byusingthisaggregatefor
roadconstruction,itissafeforvehiclesbecausehasagoodstrength.
8.1
REFERENCES
8.2 Trafficengineeringandsafety,BFC2082,UniversitiTunHusseinOnnMalaysia
8.3 Nicholars J. Garber; Lester A.Hoel; Traffic & Highway Engineering (3rd Edition),
UniversityofVirginia,1995.
8.4 Paul H.wright & Radnor J.Paquette; Higway Engineering (5th Edition), Georgia
InstituteofTechnology,1979.
8.5 BentTagesen;HighwayEngineering&Traffic(1stEdition),TechnicalUniversityof
Denmark.
8.6 www.wikipedia.com
9.0
APPENDIX
CBRequipment
20

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BFC3121Geotechnical&TransportationLab(CBRtest)

CBR machine: A compression machine, which can operate at a constant

1. CBR equipment consisting of 152.4 mm

2. Mechanical compaction rammer 50.8 mm

2. The representative crushed aggregate/soil

2. Compact the aggregate /soil water mixture into

2. Place the mold with crushed aggregate/soil on

2. Determine the water content of the

The objective of this experiment is to determine the California Bearing

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