Effect of Various Elements On Ss

EFFECT OF VARIOUS ELEMENTS ON SS
The corrosion, heat resistance and mechanical properties are all affected by the chemical composition of the
stainless steel. As the composition of the steel is varied, so are the properties. The major alloying elements of
stainless steel include:
Chromium
1.
Forms a passive surface film to make stainless steel resistant to corrosion.
2.
Increases the scaling resistance, tensile strength and wear resistance.
Manganese
1.
Improves hot-working properties.
2.
Up to 2% has no effect on strength, ductility and toughness.
3.
Above 2% increases yield strength and tensile strength (as in the 201 grade).
4.
Important as a partial replacement of nickel in the 201 grade.
5.
Stabilizes the austenitic structure.
Molybdenum
1.
Increases creep resistance; strength at high temperatures; and corrosion resistance, particularly in
sulfite, sulfate, acetic acid and acetate solutions and in a salt-water atmosphere.
2.
Expands range of passivity and counteracts tendency to pit.
Nickel
1.
Stabilizes the austenitic structure.
2.
Increases high-temperature strength; ductility, which makes stainless steel easier to form; and corrosion
resistance, particularly in industrial and marine atmospheres and the chemical-, food- and textileprocessing industries.
Silicon
1.
Increases scaling resistance by forming a tight initial scale that will withstand cyclic temperature
changes; also slightly increases tensile strength and hardness.
2.
Resists carburizing at high temperatures.
3.
When 1% or more, improves resistance to strong sulfuric acid but offers little improvement for dilution
and is unfavorable in nitric-acid service.
*Note: Ductility decreases as silicon content increases.
Sulfur Phosphorous Selenium

1.
Increases machinability.
2.
Decreases ductility and transverse tensile strength.
Titanium Columbium Tantalum

1.
Prevents intergranular corrosion by stabilizing the carbon as titanium or columbium carbides.
2.
Produces finer grain size.
3.
Reduces stretcher strains from drawing and forming by their addition to type 430.
201 Stainless Steel Strip Coil

Type 201 stainless steel strip coil (UNS S 20100) is a low nickel, high-work hardening,
austenitic chromium-nickel-manganese stainless steel that was developed to conserve
nickel. It does not harden with heat treatment but can be work hardened to high tensile
strengths. This alloy is also often polished for cosmetic applications.
201 Stainless Steel Specifications:

ASTM
A240
ASTM A666 for tempered material*
for
Composition per ASTM A240

Carbon
Manganese
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Silicon
Chromium
Nickel
Nitrogen
Molybdenum
Mechanical Properties (Annealed, Per ASTM A240)
UTS
Elongation % in 2"
annealed
condition

Rockwell Hardness
* Tempered mechanical properties are available upon request.
201 Stainless Steel Applications:

Kitchenware
Pots
Pans
Flatware
Counters
Sinks
Appliance components
Automotive
Trim
Moldings
Wiper parts
Fastener parts
Appliance
Dishwashers
Ovens
Refrigerators
Hardware
Hinges
Doors
Frames
Roll formed sections
Spring clips
Food processing
Various equipment including conveyor belts
Magnetic properties:
201 stainless steel flat rolled coil is non-magnetic in the annealed condition but becomes
magnetic when cold-worked. In some cases, 201 may be substituted for other higher nickel
content alloys.
Forming:
Type 201 stainless steel is formable to most shapes but will work-harden disallowing the
most severe forming operations unless annealed prior to forming.
301 Stainless Steel Strip Coil

Type 301 (UNS S 30100) is an austenitic chromium-nickel strip coil stainless steel that can
attain high tensile strength and ductility by cold-working.

ASTM
A240
for
annealed

Carbon
Manganese
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Silicon
Chromium
Nickel
Nitrogen
Molybdenum
UTS
Elongation % in 2"
Rockwell Hardness
condition
301 Stainless Steel Strip Coil Applications:

Kitchenware
Pots
Pans
Flatware
Counters
Sinks
Appliance components
Automotive
Trim
Moldings
Wiper parts
Fastener parts
Hardware
Hinges
Doors
Frames
Roll formed sections
Spring clips
Clamps
Food processing
Various equipment including conveyor belts
Structural parts
Aircraft
Trailer bodies
Rapid transit cars
Cargo containers
Magnetic Properties:
301 stainless steel flat rolled coil is non-magnetic in the annealed condition but becomes
magnetic when cold worked.
Forming:
Type 301 is used in fabrication by bending, roll forming, blanking, stretch bending and
drawing. It's high work hardening rate helps minimize wall thinning when deformed. Deep
drawing may require intermediate annealing or higher nickel content.
301 Stainless Steel Full Hard

Stainless Sales has stock in 301 Full Hard to ASTM A666/ AMS 5519 flat-rolled stainless
steel.
301
Full
Hard
Specifications
Slit to your desired width.
Slit widths from 1/4" to 60"
Slit gauges from .015" to .250".
Pancake wound or oscillate wound.
Wide range of edge conditions.
301 Full Hard Gauges Stocked

.015"
.018"
.020"
.025"
.031"
.0351"
Stainless
Steel
301 Full Hard Gauges Stocked

.0401"
.042"
.048"
.060"
.062"
Stainless Sales Corporation offers 200, 300 and 400 series stainless steel coil in a variety of
tempers and finishes.
304L Stainless Steel Strip Coil

Type 304L (UNS S30403) stainless steel strip coil has an extra-low carbon content and is
a variation of Type 304. The low carbon content is necessary for welding applications where
avoiding carbide precipitation is key. Additionally, due to the low carbon content, Type 304L
has lower mechanical properties than Type 304.
304L SS Strip Coil Specifications:

ASTM
A240
for
annealed

Carbon
Manganese
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Silicon
Chromium
Nickel
Nitrogen
Molybdenum
UTS
Elongation % in 2"
Rockwell Hardness
condition
304L SS Strip Coil Applications:

304L stainless steel strip coil is mainly used in welding applications where corrosion
resistance is a concern. For example, it is frequently used in automotive fuel lines and other
tubing applications.
304L stainless steel flat rolled coil is generally non-magnetic and becomes slightly magnetic
only when cold-worked.
Forming:
Type 304L has good drawability and can be formed into many complex shapes.
304/304L Deep
Stainless Steel
Draw
Quality
Type 304 deep draw quality (304 DDQ) stainless steel is an austenitic chromium-nickel
stainless steel that is used in special applications that require deep drawing and excellent
formability. 304 DDQ also has an elevated nickel content that provides higher corrosion
resistance.
304 DDQ Stainless Steel Specifications:

ASTM
A240
for

Carbon
Manganese
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Silicon
Chromium
Nickel
Nitrogen
Molybdenum
UTS
annealed
condition

Elongation % in 2"
Rockwell Hardness
304 DDQ Stainless Steel Applications:

Automotive
Fuel tanks
Kitchenware
Sinks and other domestic appliances
304 flat rolled stainless steel is generally non-magnetic and becomes slightly magnetic only
when cold-worked.
Forming:
304 deep draw quality stainless steel has great forming capabilities that allow for severe
drawing applications.
305 Stainless Steel Flat Rolled

Coil
Type 305 (UNS S30500) is an austenitic chromium-nickel flat rolled stainless steel that
has excellent corrosion resistance due to a higher nickel content. This increased nickel
content also allows the alloy to be used for deep drawing applications.
305 stainless steel flat rolled coil is used mainly in applications that require corrosion
resistance.

ASTM
A240
Carbon
Manganese
for
annealed
condition

Phosphorus
Sulfur
Silicon
Chromium
Nickel
Nitrogen
Molybdenum
UTS
Elongation % in 2"
Rockwell Hardness

Food Processing
Dairy industry
Kitchenware
Appliances
Kitchen utensils
Tank covers
Steam traps
305 flat rolled stainless steel is a non-magnetic alloy that cannot be hardened by heat
treatment.
Forming:
Type 305 has excellent formability that allows it to be used where deep drawing is
necessary.
310 & 310S Stainless Steel Flat

Rolled Coil
Type 310/310S (UNS S31000/S31008) is an austentic flat rolled coil stainless steel that
can withstand high temperatures and has great resistance to oxidation and creep
deformation.
310 stainless steel flat rolled coil is primarily used for high-temperature situations.
310 & 310S Stainless Steel Specifications:

ASTM
A240
for
annealed
condition

Carbon
Manganese
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Silicon
Chromium
Nickel
Nitrogen
Molybdenum
UTS
Elongation % in 2"
Rockwell Hardness
310 & 310S Stainless Steel Applications:

Chemical Processing
to contain hot concentrated acids and ammonia
Heavy Machinery
conveyor belts, burner parts, combustion chambers, refractory anchor bolts, oven
linings
Food Processing
used in contact with hot acids
310 flat rolled stainless steel is a non-magnetic alloy that cannot be hardened by heat
treatment.
Forming:
Type 310/310S has forming capabilties similar to that of Type 304. It can be easily formed
into most shapes.
316 & 316L Stainless Steel Flat

Rolled Coil
Type 316L (UNS S31603) flat rolled coil stainless steel has an extra-low carbon content
and is a variation of Type 316. The low carbon content is necessary for welding applications
where avoiding carbide precipitation is key.
316/316L stainless steel flat rolled coil is mainly used in welding applications where
corrosion resistance is a concern.
316 & 316L Stainless Steel Specifications:

ASTM
A240
Carbon
Manganese
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Silicon
Chromium
Nickel
Nitrogen
Molybdenum
for
annealed
condition

UTS
Elongation % in 2"
Rockwell Hardness
316 & 316L Stainless Steel Applications:
Welding Application
Chemical Industry
Paper Industry Equipment
Pharmaceutical Processing Equipment
316L Stainless Steel Magnetic Properties:

316L rolled coil stainless steel is a non-magnetic alloy that cannot be hardened by heat
treatment.
316L Forming Ability:

Like most austenitic steels, Type 316L can be formed into most shapes. Re-annealing is
recommended before each cold-forming operation.
321 Stainless Steel Flat Rolled

Coil
Type 321 (UNS S32100) is an austenitic flat rolled coil stainless steel that has fives times
more titanium than carbon in its content. The increased titanium level aids in preventing
carbide precipitation during welding. As a result, Type 321 is both creep resistant and
resistant to oxidation.
321 stainless steel flat rolled coil is generally used in applications that require sustainability
to high intermittent temperatures.

ASTM
A240
for
annealed
condition

Carbon
Manganese
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Silicon
Chromium
Nickel
Nitrogen
Molybdenum
UTS
Elongation % in 2"
Rockwell Hardness

Aerospace
Aircraft exhaust manifolds and flanges
Jet engine parts
Automotive
Diesel and heavy duty exhaust systems
Heat exchangers
Chemical Processing
Chemical handling equipment
Oil refinery equipment
Construction
Firewalls
321 rolled coil stainless steel is generally non-magnetic.
Forming:
Type 321 can be easily formed and drawn, but it may require re-annealing after forming and
drawing.
347 Stainless Steel Rolled Coil

Type 347 (UNS S34700) is an austenitic rolled coil stainless steel that is stablizied by the
presence of niobium and tantalum. Combined, the niobium (columbium) and tantalum
content are ten times greater than the carbon content present. Similar to Type 321, Type 347
has excellent creep-resistant properties, as well as high-stress rupture properties.
347 stainless steel rolled coil is used for its corrosion-resistant properties. It is also used for
high-temperature applications up to 1650F.

ASTM
A240
for
annealed

Carbon
Manganese
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Silicon
Chromium
Nickel
Nitrogen
Molybdenum
UTS
Elongation % in 2"
Rockwell Hardness

Aerospace
condition
Aircraft exhaust manifolds
Jet engine parts
Automotive
Heat exchange tubing
Chemical Processing
Chemical handling equipment
Storage tanks for organic chemicals
347 rolled coil stainless steel is generally non-magnetic.
Forming:
Type 347 can be easily formed and drawn, but it may require re-annealing after forming and
drawing.

Type 409 (UNS S40900) is a ferritic rolled coil stainless steel that has a good combination
of heat resistance and corrosion resistance. This alloy also achieves good ductility and is
used in some deep drawing applications.
409 stainless steel rolled coil is used in several applications, and is particularly prevalent in
the automotive industry.
409
Stainless
Specifications:
ASTM
A240
Carbon
Manganese
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Silicon
Steel
for
Rolled
annealed
Coil
condition

Chromium
Nickel
Nitrogen
Molybdenum
UTS
Elongation % in 2"
Rockwell Hardness
409
Stainless
Applications:
Steel
Rolled
Coil
Automotive
Car and truck exhaust-systems
Tubular manifolds
Mufflers
Silencers
Catalytic converters
Farming
Dry fertilizer spreaders
Farm animal pens
409 flat rolled stainless steel is magnetic and cannot be hardened by heat treatment. It can,
however, be somewhat hardened by cold-working.
Forming:
Type 409 has great ductility and is suitable for use in deep draw applications. It is also easily
formable.
409
ULTRA
Steel
FORM Stainless
Type 409 ULTRA FORM (UNS S40920) is a ferritic stainless steel that provides improved
forming and welding over standard Type 409. In addition, 409 ULTRA FORM SS maintains
the same great resistance to corrosion and oxidation as other ferritic steels. 409 ULTRA
FORM SS is a trademark product of AK Steel. It is comparable to 409 DDQ, which is also
available from North American Stainless.
409 ULTRA FORM stainless steel is used in applications that require complex shapes and
weldability.
409 ULTRA FORM

Specifications:
ASTM
A240
for
Stainless
annealed
Steel
condition

Carbon
Manganese
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Silicon
Chromium
Nickel
Nitrogen
Molybdenum
UTS
Elongation % in 2"
Rockwell Hardness
409 ULTRA
Applications:
Automotive
FORM
Stainless
Steel
Brake shields
Exhaust tubing and stampings
Fuel filters
Heat exchangers
409 ULTRA FORM stainless steel is magnetic and cannot be hardened by heat treatment.
Forming:
Type 409 ULTRA FORM SS can be formed into many shapes without any difficulty.
410 Flat Rolled Stainless Steel

Type 410 (UNS S41000) is a martensitic flat rolled stainless steel that can achieve a
variety of properties through heat treatment. This alloy has good corrosion resistance and
high strength and hardness.
410 flat rolled stainless steel is reserved for applications that require some corrosion
resistance and high mechanical properties.

ASTM
A240
for

Carbon
Manganese
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Silicon
Chromium
Nickel
Nitrogen
Molybdenum
annealed
condition

UTS
Elongation % in 2"
Rockwell Hardness

Hardware
Flat springs
Hand tools
Nuts
Bolts
Screws
Kitchenware
Knives and other kitchen utensils
410 rolled coil stainless steel is magnetic in all conditions.
Forming:
Type 410 has a moderate ability to be formed and drawn into other shapes.

Type 430 (UNS S43000) is a ferritic rolled coil stainless steel that has resistance to
oxidation up to 1500F along with good ductility and corrosion resistance. This alloy is also
often polished for cosmetic applications.

ASTM
A240
for
annealed
condition

Carbon
Manganese
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Silicon
Chromium
Nickel
Nitrogen
Molybdenum
UTS
Elongation % in 2"
Rockwell Hardness

Automotive
Automotive trim and molding
Construction
Gutters and downspouts
Roofing
Siding
Kitchenware
Cooking utensils
Dishwashers
Ovens
Range hoods
Refrigerators
Skewers
Oil Refinery Equipment
Oil burner and heater parts
Chemical Processing
430 flat rolled stainless steel is magnetic and cannot be hardened by heat treatment.
Forming:
Type 430 can be readily drawn and formed into most shapes.
441 Rolled Coil Stainless Steel

Type 441 (UNS S44100) is a ferritic rolled coil stainless steel with a niobium (columbium)
addition that has good oxidation and corrosion resistance, as well as good high-temperature
strength. 441 is similar to AK Steel 18 Cr-Cb.
441 rolled coil stainless steel is used mainly for high-temperature settings and corrosive
environments, particularly automotive-exhaust system components.
441 Stainless Steal Specifications:

ASTM
A240
for

Carbon
Manganese
Phosphorus
Sulfur
Silicon
Chromium
Nickel
Nitrogen
Titanium
UTS
annealed
condition

Automotive
Exhaust manifold and other exhaust-system components
Catalytic converter shells
Clamps
441 flat rolled stainless steel is magnetic in all conditions.
Forming:
Type 441 has good ductility and can be formed into most shapes.
Stainless Steel Finishes

A wide range of finishes can be applied to stainless steel. Stainless Sales Corporation stocks
material with many different mill finishes.
Our stainless steel finishes include:
No. 1 Finish/HRAP
(Hot Rolled Annealed & Pickled, also called a No. 1 Finish) This dull finish is
common for heavy gauge material. In general, stainless steel over .1875 thick will be
delivered as HRAP. It is also possible to have HR (Hot Rolled) or HRA (Hot Rolled
Annealed) stainless steel; however, Stainless Sales Corporation typically carries
HRAP from .1875 to .250 thick.
No. 2 Finish
There are two variations of the No. 2 finish. Unless specified, either a 2D or a 2B will
be delivered when a No. 2 finish is requested.
o 2D
This dull finish is achieved by cold-rolling, heat-treating & pickling. It is the
standard finish for 439, 409, 436 and 441.
o 2B
This mill finish is produced the same way as 2D, but a final light rolling pass
gives the surface a smooth, reflective gray sheen. It is the standard finish
for201, 301, 304, 304L and 316L.
BA (Bright Annealed)
This bright, shiny finish is produced by annealing in an oxygen-free atmospheric
condition following cold-rolling with highly polished rolls. The degree of brightness
can vary depending on the grade, gauge and annealing conditions. Common grades
of BA material are 304 and 430. When buying a BA, be sure to specify its end-use.
This information is critical to ensuring that you receive the best bright surface for your
application. BA material is available only up to about .075 thick. Due to the process,
a light gauge BA material may be brighter than 16 gauge BA.

Effect of Various Elements On Ss

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Effect of Various Elements On Ss

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EFFECT OF VARIOUS ELEMENTS ON SS

Forms a passive surface film to make stainless steel resistant to corrosion.

Increases the scaling resistance, tensile strength and wear resistance.

Improves hot-working properties.

Up to 2% has no effect on strength, ductility and toughness.

Important as a partial replacement of nickel in the 201 grade.

Stabilizes the austenitic structure.

Expands range of passivity and counteracts tendency to pit.

Stabilizes the austenitic structure.

Resists carburizing at high temperatures.

*Note: Ductility decreases as silicon content increases.

Sulfur Phosphorous Selenium

Decreases ductility and transverse tensile strength.

Titanium Columbium Tantalum

Prevents intergranular corrosion by stabilizing the carbon as titanium or columbium carbides.

Produces finer grain size.

201 Stainless Steel Strip Coil

201 Stainless Steel Specifications:

Composition per ASTM A240

Composition per ASTM A240

201 Stainless Steel Applications:

Roll formed sections

Various equipment including conveyor belts

301 Stainless Steel Strip Coil

301 Stainless Steel Specifications:

Composition per ASTM A240

301 Stainless Steel Strip Coil Applications:

Roll formed sections

Various equipment including conveyor belts

Rapid transit cars

301 Stainless Steel Full Hard

Slit to your desired width.

Slit widths from 1/4" to 60"

Slit gauges from .015" to .250".

Pancake wound or oscillate wound.

Wide range of edge conditions.

301 Full Hard Gauges Stocked

301 Full Hard Gauges Stocked

304L Stainless Steel Strip Coil

304L SS Strip Coil Specifications:

Composition per ASTM A240

304L SS Strip Coil Applications:

304 DDQ Stainless Steel Specifications:

Composition per ASTM A240

Composition per ASTM A240

304 DDQ Stainless Steel Applications:

Sinks and other domestic appliances

305 Stainless Steel Flat Rolled

305 Stainless Steel Specifications:

Composition per ASTM A240

305 Stainless Steel Applications:

310 & 310S Stainless Steel Flat

310 & 310S Stainless Steel Specifications:

Composition per ASTM A240

310 & 310S Stainless Steel Applications:

to contain hot concentrated acids and ammonia

used in contact with hot acids

316 & 316L Stainless Steel Flat

316 & 316L Stainless Steel Specifications:

Composition per ASTM A240

316 & 316L Stainless Steel Applications:

Paper Industry Equipment

Pharmaceutical Processing Equipment