Avgvi wcÖq mvwnwZ¨K

f~wgKv: evsjv mvwnZ¨ †¶‡Î kirP‡›`ªi Avwe©fve‡K GKUv we¯§qKi NUbv

ej‡ZB nq| ew¼g P‡›`ªi nv‡Z evsjv DcY¨v‡mi ‡hŠeb gyw³ NU‡jI iex›`ªbv‡_i
Amxg cÖwZfvi ewY©j”QUvq Zvi cwiYwZ Avi kirP›`ª Zuvi GB `yRb kw³kvjx
c~e©m~ixi c_ †_‡K m‡i wM‡q m„wó Ki‡jb Avcb fyeb m¤ú~Y© ¯^Zš¿ GKUv
RMr| ZvB wZwb jvf Ki‡jb Af~Zc~e© RbwcÖqZv- AvL¨vwqZ n‡jb evsjvi
Aciv‡Rq K_v wkíx wn‡m‡e| †R¨vwZlx †hgb Amxg AvKv‡k Wye †g‡i mÜvb K‡i
†ei K‡i Av‡bb bvbv RMr, bvbv K¶c_ †Zgwb kirP›`ª Wye w`‡q‡Qb evOvwji
ü`q in‡m¨| my‡L `y:†L, wgj‡b we‡”Q‡` msNwUZ wewPÎ m„wói wZwb Ggb
K‡i cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb evOvwj hv‡Z Avcbv‡K cÖZ¨¶ Rvb‡Z †c‡i‡Q, †hgb Aš—‡ii
m‡½u Zviv Lywk n‡q‡Q Ggb Avi KviI †jLvq Zviv nq wb| ZvB †Zv hy‡M hy‡M
kirP›`ª evOvwji gvbmc‡U Rxeš— cÖwZK…wZ iƒ‡c AvRI RvRj¨gvb|
Rb¥ I wk¶v: AvVvik wQqvËi wLªóv‡ãi cbiB †m‡Þ¤^i kirP›`ª Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib
ûMwj †Rjvi †`evb›`cyi MÖv‡g| wcZv gwZjvj P‡Ævcva¨v‡qi Kv‡Q †_‡K wZwb
DËivwaKvi m~‡Î weË m¤úwË wKQzB cvb wb-‡c‡qwQ‡jb mvwnZ¨ cÖvwZ|
fvMjcy‡ii gvgv evwo‡Z Zvi cvV¨ Rxeb ïi“ nh wKš‘ `vwi‡`ª¨i wbcxo‡Y Zvi
covïbv nVvr eÜ n‡q hvq| 1894 wLª÷v‡ã wZwb fvMjcy‡ii †ZRbvivqb Rywewj
K‡jwR‡qU ¯‹zj GÛ K‡jR †_‡K wØZxq wefv‡M G›UªvÝ cvk K‡i GLv‡bB Gd,G
K¬v‡k fwZ© nb| †U÷ cix¶vq DËxY© n‡jI cix¶vi wd †RvMvo Ki‡Z bv cvivq
†mLv‡bB Zuvi cvV¨ Rxe‡bi mgvwß N‡U|
Kg© Rxeb: mvsmvwiK Afv‡e AbU‡bi R‡b¨ Aí eq‡mB Zuv‡K RxweKv AR©‡b
eªZx n‡Z nq| wKQzw`b wZwb LÄyicyi e‡b`x †÷‡U mgvb¨ c‡` envj wQ‡jb|
evj¨Kvj †_‡KB wZwb wQ‡jb Aw¯’i †PZv| msmv‡i Zuvi gb em‡jv bv| ZvB
wZwb mevi AÁv‡Z mbœ¨mx ‡e‡m †`k åg‡Y ‡ewi‡q hvb| Gmgq wZwb
bvbvfv‡e Rxeb‡K cÖZ¨¶ K‡i wewPÎ ai‡Yi AwfÁZv jvf K‡ib|
we‡`k Mgb: wcZvi g„Zz¨i msev‡` wZwb fvMjcyi wd‡i Av‡mb Ges m¤úwËi
wewa e¨e¯’v K‡i KvD‡K bv Rvwb‡q eª¶‡`‡k cvwo Rgv‡jb| †i½u‡b wZwb
GKvD›U¨v›U †Rbv‡i‡ji Awd‡m mvgvb¨ †eZ‡b †Kivbxi c` MÖnY Ki‡Z eva¨ nb|
AwfÁvZv: †i½u‡b _vKvKv‡j kirP›`ª mgv‡Ri bvbv †kªYxi gvby‡li ms¯ú‡k©
Avmevi my‡hvM cvb| Zv‡Z Zuvi Ávb fvÛvi mg„× n‡q I‡V| Zuvi feNy‡i Rxe‡b
wewfbœ †`k, RvwZ, fvlv, RxebhvÎv m¤ú‡K© †h ev¯—e Ávb jvf Rxe‡b
wewfbœ ‡`k, RvwZ, fvlv, RxebhvÎv m¤ú‡K© †h ev¯—e Ávb jvf K‡ib, cieZ©x
Kv‡j Zuvi mvwnZ¨ mvabvi †¶‡Î †m¸‡jv Abb¨ f~wgKv cvjb K‡iwQj|
mvwnZ¨ Rxeb: †i½u‡b cÖevmKv‡j wZwb evsjv‡`‡ki cÎ-cwÎKvq ¯^bv‡m n‡q
I‡Vb| eÜz-evÜe I AvZ¥xq ¯^R‡bi Aby‡iv‡a I Avk¦v‡m 1916 wLª÷v‡ã †i½u‡bi
PvKzwii gvqv Z¨vM K‡i ¯^‡`‡k P‡j Av‡mb I cy‡ivcywi mvwnZ¨ †mevq
AvZ¥wb‡qvM K‡ib| wZwb eo w`w`, we›`yi †Q‡j, †gR w`w`, iv‡gi mygwZ, cj-
xmgvR, kªxKvš—, ïf`v, †`e`vm PwiÎnxb, `Ëv, M„n`vn, †`bv cvIbv, c‡_i `vex,
†kl cÖkœ, P›`ª bv_ weivR eD, ˆeKz‡Úi DBj, wb®K…wZ, Kvkxbv_, †evSv,
Abycgvi †cÖg, ¯^vgx, Qwe, evgy‡bi †g‡q, be weavb, wecÖ`vm, Av‡jv I
Qvqv, gw›`i †evSv, nwiPiY, `c©P~Y©, g‡nk, wejvkx, gvgjvi dj, BZ¨vw`
Dcb¨vm I Mí iPbv K‡i RbwcÖqZvi kx‡l© DV‡Z mg_© nb| Ôbvixi g~j¨, Ges
¯^‡`k I mvwnZ¨Õ Zvi cÖe‡Üi eB| Ôigv †lvokxÕ I weRq Zuvi Dcb¨v‡mi
bvU¨iƒc|
m¤§vbbv cyi¯‹vi: mvwnZ¨ †mevi cyi¯‹vi wn‡m‡e 1923 wLª÷v‡ã KjKvZv
wek¦we`¨vjq Zv‡K ÔRMËvwiYx ¯^Y©c`KÕ-G f~wlZ K‡ib| 1936 wLª÷v‡ã
XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq Zuv‡K m¤§vb m~PK ÔwW wjUÕ Dcvwa cÖ`vb K‡ib|
mvwnZ¨ †¶‡Î Zuvi Ae`vb: evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ kirP‡›`ªi Ae`vb mwZ¨B Amvgvb¨|
ü`‡q mnvbyf~wZ I `i` †X‡j w`‡q wZwb Mí Dcb¨v‡m gvby‡li RxebwPÎ A¼b
K‡i‡Qb cÖvY¯úk©x K‡i| †m gvbyl ew¼g mvwn‡Z¨i g‡Zv ivRv-ev`kvn& bq,
iex›`ª mvwn‡Z¨i gZ AwfRvZ bq| Zviv mwZ¨Kvi A‡_©B evsjvi mvaviY gvbyl|
GZB `i` Zuvi mwZ¨Kvi A‡_©B evsjvi mvaviY gvbyl| GZB `i` Zuvi †jLwb‡Z S‡i
c‡o‡Q e‡jB evsjvi gvbyl Zuv‡K `i`x wkíxi †hvM¨ gh©v`v w`‡q g‡bi gwY
†KvVvq wPi¯’vqx Avmb `vb K‡i‡Q|
kir mvwn‡Z¨i fvjjvMv w`K: kir mvwn‡Z¨i fveaviv Zvi ˆewkó¨ LuyR‡Z wM‡q
AvgivI cÖ_g †`wL Aš—‡ii †Kvb we‡kl †cÖiYv, m„wó gvby‡li †Kvb wewkó
ag©, ü`‡qi †Kvb wbweo Abyf~wZ Zuvi m„Rbx cÖwZfv‡K mnvqZv K‡i‡Q|
ü`‡qi †Kvb wbf„Z K›`i †_‡K DrmvwiZ myav avivq wm³ n‡q Zvi m„ó bi-bvix
Ggb cÖvY¯ú‡k© D¾¡j Rxeš— iƒc jvf K‡i‡Q| Ggb Rxeb †MŠi‡e mRxe n‡q
D‡V‡Q| PwiÎ m„wói †Kvb Ac~e© †KŠk‡ji †mvbvi KvwVi ¯ú‡k© gvbe Aš—‡ii
myß AvZ¥vi †gvnwb`ªv fv½v‡Z wZwb m¶g n‡qwQ‡jb| kirP‡›`ª AvZ¥`k©Y
Zuvi m„wó gvbm, Zuvi mvwnZ¨ †cÖiYvi g~‡j wQj Zuvi AwZ mnvbyf~wZkxj
†cÖg, Ki“Yvc~Y© GK Ac~e© wbweo AZjvš— Abyf~wZ|
kirP›`ª mvwn‡Z¨i ev¯—eZv‡eva Rxeb`k©‡bi GK we‡kl fw½‡K Aej¤^b K‡iB
iƒc jvf K‡i‡Q| Zuvi ev¯—eZv gvbe-gvbex Pwi‡Îi ¯^vfvweK e„wË wbP‡qi
Ams‡KvP cÖKv‡k Zvi mvwn‡Z¨i †ekvwZ bibvixi ü`‡qi ¸nvwqZ inm D`NvU‡b|
Abyf~wZi †h mZ¨‡K gvbyl mgv‡Ri f‡q Am‡¼vP cÖKvk Ki‡Z wØav †eva
Ki‡Zv kirP›`ª ZuviB ¯úó cÖKvk K‡i †M‡Qb| kirP‡›`i mvwn‡Z¨i ev¯—e
cUf~wgKv Zuvi wewfbœ PwiÎ m~² `k©b ch©‡e¶‡Yi dj| wZwb wb‡R e‡j‡Qb
Òwb‡Ri RxebUv‡K †duvUvq †duvUvq Mwj‡q wb:†k‡l bxi‡e `» K‡i †h AwfÁZv
ev¯—e †_‡K AvniY K‡iwQ, GLb g‡b nq Avgvi mvwn‡Z¨I †mBUvB dz‡U D‡V‡Q
evisevi Avgvi ÁvZ Ges AÁvZmv‡iI| Avi GKUv AZ¨š— AK…wÎg m‡Z¨i Dci
cÖwZwôZ e‡j †eva nq GZ mn‡R †QvU eo mevBKvi Kv‡Q Av‡e`b †c‡q‡Q|Ó
gvby‡li cÖwZ GB Amxg, Adziš— `i‡`i Rb¨ Zuvi Kv‡Q gvby‡li DPz, bxPz
RvwZ‡f` wQj bv Avi GB Rb¨B wn›`ya‡g©i RvZ¨vwfgvb, eªvþY¨ a‡g©i
†kªôZ¡, †KŠwjb¨ cÖ_vi ee©iZv Zuv‡K GZ Lvwb †e`bvwe× K‡iwQj| ZvB cjx
mgvR, g‡nk, evgy‡bi †g‡q, wejvmx cÖf„wZ‡Z wZwb GB ms¯‹vi RR©wiZ
wn›`y mgv‡Ri Mfxi Zj‡`k ch©š— Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| kir P‡›`ªi wkí
m„wói Aci ˆewkó¨ wK‡kvi PwiÎ iƒcvq‡b B›`ª_vb, evjK kªxKvš—, c‡ik, b‡ib
Ag~j¨ cÖf„wZ Pwiθ‡jvi gva¨‡g †jLK| wK‡kvi g‡bi GK Awfbe Av‡jL¨ Avgv‡`i
mvg‡b Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb|
wbm‡M©i m‡½u GKvZ¥f~Z KwegvbmI kirP‡›`ªi wQj| Zuvi k¥kv‡bi eY©bv,
AÜKv‡ii iƒ‡ci cÖKvk, mgy‡`ªi So, h‡kv`v ˆeòexi AvLpvi wPÎ, MÖn‡ii MÖv‡gi
c‡_ Zvi gy‡L gaygv‡mi eY©bv kirP‡›`ªi Kwe g‡bi cwiPq enb K‡i|
nvm¨im I e¨½u we`ª“‡ci m„wó‡ZI Zvi Amvgvb¨ cÖwZfvi wb`k©b cvIqv
hvq| †gR`v, bZzb`v, kªxbv_ eûiƒcx, †gNbv‡`i Awfbq, UM‡ii Kvwnbx, eg©vi
¯¿x ¯^vaxbZv, gay‡Wv‡gi e¨½im m„wó‡Z `¶Zvi cwiPq cvIqv hv| G QvovI
ZrKvjxb wn›`y mgv‡Ri i¶YkxjZvi AvMj †f‡½u gymwjg PwiÎ m„w÷ mwZ¨B
e¨wZµg ag©x| gymjgvb mgv‡Ri cÖwZ Zvi k¤£g I `i‡`i Aš— wQjbv| Zuvi
mvwn‡Z¨ wZwb †h KqwU gymwjg PwiÎ A¼b K‡i‡Qb, †h †Kvb wbi‡c¶ cvVK
¯^xKvi Ki‡eb KZUv kª×v‡eva _vK‡j Z‡e G ai‡Yi PwiÎ m„wó Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
kirP‡›`ªi fvlv cÖvÂzj, mvejxj I ü`qMÖvnx Rxe‡bi GKwU DcY¨vm Ô¯^vgxÕ
wZwb K_¨ fvlvq iPbv K‡iwQ‡jb| evKx me iPbvq K‡_vcK_‡b K_¨ixwZ I eY©bvq
mvayixwZ cÖ‡qvM K‡i‡Qb| fvlv mnR n‡jB †h mvaviY n‡q hvq bv, Zvi wkí
gvayh© K‡g hvq bv, kir mvwnZ¨ Zvi †kªô wb`k©Y| mnR †eva kã I RwUj
ev‡K¨ eR©b K‡i fvlv‡K †h KZ`~i my›`i I gayi K‡i †Zvjvhvq kir mvwnZ¨ co‡j
Zv AwZ mn‡RB eyS‡Z cviv hvq| kirP›`ª evsjv M‡`¨i Ggwb RbwcÖq wkíx †h,
me© Kv‡ji cvV‡Ki ü`‡q Zuvi Avmb wPi¯’vqx n‡q _vK‡e| G K_v wb:msk‡q ejv
†h‡Z cv‡i|
Dcmsnvi: kirP›`ª GKRb Agi K_vwkíx| AvR Avi wZwb Avgv‡`i gv‡S †bB| 1938
mv‡j GB gnvb wkíx cicv‡i cvwo Rwg‡q‡Qb| evOvwji a¨v‡bi gvbm †_‡K
wbe©vwmZ n‡jI Zuvi DcY¨vm Zuv‡K Avgv‡`i gv‡S euvwP‡q †i‡L‡Q wPiÄxe
K‡i|