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RESTRICTED Document ID : SP-1102B Ver-6

April-2008 Filing key : Business Control

Petroleum Development Oman L.L.C.


Electrical Infrastructure

Specification for Design of


33kV Power Overhead Lines on
Concrete Poles

User Note:
The requirements of this document are mandatory. Non-compliance shall only be
authorised by the Document Owner or his Delegate through STEP-OUT approval.
A controlled copy of the current version of this document is on PDO's EDMS. Before
making reference to this document, it is the user's responsibility to ensure that any
hard copy, or electronic copy, is current. For assistance, contact the Document
Custodian or the Document Controller.
Users are encouraged to participate in the ongoing improvement of this document by providing
constructive feedback.

Please familiarise yourself with the


Document Security Classification Definitions
They also apply to this Document!
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I Document Authorisation

Authorised For Issue April 2008

Document Authorisation
Document Authority Document Custodian Document
(CFDH) Controller

Saif Al Sumry
UIE, Infrastructure Power
System
department manager
(Corporate Functional Said Al Shuely,
Discipline Head-Electrical) UIE/06
Date: Date: Date:

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ii Revision History
The following is a brief summary of the 4 most recent revisions to this document.
Details of all revisions prior to these are held on file by the issuing department.
VersionNo. Date Author Scope / Remarks
Version 2.0 Feb 00 Ali Al Raisi, Converted to Specification as per PDO
OIE/23 Policy Cascade.
Version 3.0 Oct 02 Said Al Shuely, a) Fibre Optic cable included in design.
OIE/23 b) Insulators revised to Silicon Rubber.
c. Stout Poles provided for Single/Twin
ELM OHL.
d) Design Requirements revised.
e) Shape factor of 1.0 is specified for ELM
conductor.
f) Cross arm fixing location modified/
g) OHL specified for road crossings.
h) Issued for Harweel Cluster
Infrastructure Development Project.
Version 4.0 May 04 Said Al Shuely, i) Specified 900N/m² wind force
TTE/22 j) Specified STOUT or higher class
poles for ALL structures except
guard pole structures.
k) Silicon rubber insulators with
required strength based on Specified
Mechanical Load (SML).
l) Factors of Safety revised.
m) Defined Contractors responsibility
for design of complete line.
n) Provided information for the
analysis of X-braced, H-structures
o) Cross Bracing details revised.
p) Revised structures.
q) Defined minimum and maximum
weight spans.
r) Conductor pre-tensioning and Sag
verification data added
s) Revised Fibre Optic Cable location
on pole and revised attachment
methods.
t) Added Stucture Calculations and revised
Appendix A through F.
Version 5.0 Dec 07 Said Al Shuley, Generally updated.The Standard becomes
UIE/06 SP-1102A (SP-1102B is introduced for
33kV lines on Concrete Poles).
Version 6.0 April 08 Said Al Shuely u) SP-1102B Concrete Poles introduced
UIE/6 for Single ELM/WILLOW OHL.
Contents
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1. Introduction.........................................................................9
1.1. Purpose................................................................................9
1.2. Applicable Standards, Specifications and Codes.................9
1.2.1. PDO standards.............................................................................10
1.2.2. SIOP/SIEP standards...................................................................10
1.2.3. International standards.................................................................12

1.3. Compliance with standards..................................................13


1.4. Order of precedence.............................................................13

2. Scope...................................................................................14
2.1. General Design Criteria........................................................14
2.1.1. Environmental and General Parameters.....................................15
2.1.2. Safety factors..............................................................................16
2.1.3. Basic Span..................................................................................18
2.1.4. Wind Span...................................................................................18
2.1.5. Weight Span .....................................18
2.1.6. Line Routing................................................................................19
2.1.7. Line Parameters..........................................................................19
2.1.8. Spacing.......................................................................................21
2.1.9. Clearance from Airstrips & Helicopter Landing Pads..................21
2.1.10. Clearance from Parallel Pipelines..............................................21
2.1.11. Clearance between the Line Conductor and the FO cable.........24
2.1.12. Location of Pole Mounted Auto – Reclosers..............................24
2.1.13. Deliverables By Contractor.........................................................24

2.2. Design Basis.........................................................................26


2.2.1. Assumed Normal Working Conditions.........................................26
2.2.1.1 Intermediate Pole Structures....................................26
2.2.1.2 Angle/Section Pole Structures..................................26
2.2.1.3 Terminal Pole Structures..........................................26
2.2.1.4 Road Crossing Structures........................................27
2.2.1.5 Pole Erection Loads.................................................27

2.3. Standard 33 kV Overhead Line Design................................28


2.3.1. Conductors..................................................................................28
2.3.1.1 Line Conductor Parameters......................................28
2.3.1.2 Creep Prediction.......................................................29
2.3.1.3 Materials...................................................................29
2.3.1.4 Workmanship.............................................................................29
2.3.1.5 Test Requirements...................................................29
2.3.1.5.1 Conductor Tests.......................................29
2.3.1.5.2 Test Certificate..........................................30
2.3.1.5.3 Certificate of Conformity...........................30
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2.3.1.6 System Loading Conditions......................................30

2.3.1.6.1 Line Conductor / Fibre Optic Cable Sag…


………….and Tension, Initial Condition...................30
2.3.1.6.2 Line Conductor Sag and Tension, …
………….Final Condition.........................................31
2.3.1.6.3 Conductor Pre-Tensioning........................31
2.3.1.6.4 Conductor Sag Verification.......................31
2.3.1.6.5 Conductor Clashing..................................32
2.3.2. Fibre Optic Cable & Accessories.................................................32
2.3.2.1 Fibre Optic Cable .......................32
2.3.2.2 Fibre Optic Cable Attachment..................................34
2.3.3. Insulators....................................................................................34
2.3.3.1 General Insulator Parameters..................................37
2.3.4. Insulator Fittings, Conductor Fittings and Vibration Dampers....38
.............................................................................................2.3.4.1
General 36..........................................................................................................
2.3.4.2 Suspension Clamps..................................................38
2.3.4.3 Tension Clamps.......................................................39
2.3.4.4 Joints and Clamps....................................................39
2.3.4.5 Vibration Dampers....................................................40
2.3.4.6 Corona and Radio Interference................................40
2.3.4.7 Aluminium – to – Copper Connectors.......................41
2.3.5. Supports......................................................................................41
2.3.5.1 General.....................................................................41
2.3.5.2 Concrete Pole Parameters.......................................42
2.3.5.3 Technical Requirements of Prestressed …
………..Spun Concrete Poles...............................................42
2.3.5.4 Abnormal Defects.....................................................44
2.3.5.5 Identifications...........................................................44
2.3.5.6 Pole Foundations.....................................................44
2.3.5.7 Aggregate for Concrete............................................44
2.3.5.8 Concrete for Foundations.........................................45
2.3.5.9 Foundation dimensional Tolerances.........................45
2.3.5.10 Line Identification...................................................45
2.3.6. Anti-Climbing Guards..................................................................46
2.3.7. Cross Arms.................................................................................46
2.3.7.1 Intermediate Cross arm............................................46
2.3.7.2 Section, Road Crossing and Terminal Cross Arms. .46
2.3.8. Surge Arresters...........................................................................46
2.3.9. Construction of Support Steelwork..............................................46
2.3.10. Galvanizing...............................................................................47
2.3.11. Aircraft Warning........................................................................48

APPENDICES

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Appendix A1: 33kV Single ELM Overhead Line Structure Calculation


– Column Loading and Load Figures.................................49

Appendix B1: Calculation of Wind Span & Weight Span


For Single Pole Structure................................................54

Appendix B2: Stringing Sag & Tension Table........................................59

Appendix B3: Calculation of Cross Arm Type AC for Intermediate


Single Concrete Pole Structure........................................68
- B3-1: Strength of Cross Arm......................................68
- B3-2: Applied bending moments.................................68

Appendix H: 33kV Overhead Line Standard Drawings............................69

Appendix J: Glossary of definitions, terms & abbreviations......................75

Appendix C1: 33kV Overhead Line Calculation for Single ELM ……………..76
without Fibre Optic Cable on Intermediate Single Pole Structure

Appendix C2: 33kV Overhead Line Calculation for Single ELM………………79


with Fibre Optic Cable on Intermediate Single Pole Structure

Appendix C3: Overhead Line Calculation for Single ELM……………………..82


without Fibre Optic Cable on Intermediate Single Pole Structure (100m)

Appendix C4: 33kV Overhead Line Calculation for Single ELM…………….84


without Fibre Optic Cable on Angle/Section Single Pole Structure

Appendix C5: Overhead Line Calculation for Single ELM……………………..86


with Fibre Optic Cable on Angle/Section Single Pole Structure

Appendix C 6: 33kV Overhead Line Calculation for Single ELM……………..89


without Fibre Optic Cable on Terminal Single Pole Structure

Appendix C 7: 33kV Overhead Line Calculation for Single ELM…………….92


with Fibre Optic Cable on Terminal Single Pole Structure

Appendix D: Sag / Tension Calculations…………………………………… 95

Appendix E: Phase Clearance of Conductors………………………………..96

Appendix F1: Cantilever Load on 33kV Composite …………………………..97


Post Insulator for Single ELM

Appendix G: Aerodrome……………………………………………………… 98

Appendix K: Installation guide…………………………………………………99

SP User-Comment Form...................................................................110

Supporting Documents:

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Supporting Document Appendix B3-3:


- B3-3: Calculation of Cross Arm Type BC for Angle and Section
Single Concrete Pole Structure

Supporting Document Appendix B3-4:


- B3-4: Calculation of Cross Arm Type TC for Terminal
Single Concrete Pole Structure

1. INTRODUCTION

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PURPOSE

The design of 33 kV overhead lines in PDO's System shall be generally


governed by, but not limited to, the provisions specified herein, and shall be
undertaken using the highest standards of professional engineering in a safe
manner. This Specification (SP) outlines the minimum requirements for the
design of 33 kV overhead lines with or without an aerial all dielectric short
span (ADSS) fibre optic (FO) cable supported on precast, prestressed, spun
concrete pole structures. These are manufactured in round-conical form with
concrete quality that ensures an absolutely smooth and obviously non-porous
surface, resulting from a centrifugal process.

For installation of overhead lines and other associated electrical equipment,


relevant SP's, ERD's and DP's are listed herein and shall be referred to. This
Specification shall be utilised in conjunction with one or more of the
referenced SP's, ERD's and DP's and International Standards to complete
PDO's requirements for installation of overhead line facilities.
Contractor shall note that the standard design, parameters, calculations etc.,
indicated herein, are for reference and general guidance only, and the same
shall be treated as minimum requirement.

However, it shall remain the responsibility of the Contractor to ensure that


sound engineering practices are adopted in the design of an overhead line.
Any deviations from this Standard shall be made only with the written prior
agreement of the Company.

APPLICABLE STANDARDS, SPECIFICATIONS AND CODES

The following standards, specifications and codes shall be consulted when


applying the requirements of this Specification. All listed documents shall be
latest issue except those documents stipulated by date. In case of any open
points in this Specification for precast, prestressed, spun concrete poles,
agreement shall be either made only with the written prior agreement of the
Company, or the below-mentioned standards shall be taken into account.

PDO STANDARDS

HSESM Health Safety and Environmental Protection Standards Manual


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ERD-00-06 Preparation & Content of Engineering Drawings


ERD-00-14 Project Drawing Procedures
ERD-11-02 Engineering Guideline Site Selection and Soil Inverstigation Manual
SP-1011 Specification for Installation of Overhead Transmission Lines
SP-1099 Specification for Electrical Installation Practice
Specification for Electrical Engineering Guidelines (Amendment /
SP-1103
Supplement to DEP 33.64.10.10.)
SP-1104 Electrical Safety Rules (ESR)
SP-1105 Electrical Standard Drawings
Specification for Coding & Identification of Overhead Lines
SP-1106
Systems

SP-1107 Electrical Protection Systems


SP-1108 Electrical Safety Operational Procedures (ESOPs)
SP-1109 Specification for Earthing & Bonding
SP-1111 Specifications for Temporary Electrical Supplies for Construction
SP-1131 Hand over and as-built Documentation
SP-1127 Layout of Plant Equipment & Facilities
Specification for Quality Assurance of Design, Construction and
SP-1171
Engineering Works
SP-1265 Specification for ADSS Fibre Optic Cables and key accessories
SP-1266 Specification for Installation of ADSS Fibre Optic Cables

SIOP/ SIEP standards

DEP 33.64.10.10-Gen Electrical engineering guidelines


DEP 34.11.00.11-Gen Site Preparation and Earthworks
Field Commissioning & Maintenance of electrical installations and
DEP 63.10.08.11-Gen
equipment
DEP 34.11.00.10-Gen Site Investigation

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IEC 60120 Dimension of Ball and Socket couplings of String Insulator Units
IEC 60433 Characteristics of String Insulator Units of the Long Rod Type
IEC 60815 Guide for selection of Insulators in respect of polluted conditions Version: 6.0
Petroleum Development Oman LLC
IEC 60826 Loading and Strength of Overhead Transmission linesEffective: May-08
IEC 61089 Round wire concentric lay overhead electrical stranded conductors
IEC 61109 Composite Insulators for Overhead Lines
IEC 60104 Aluminium-magnesium-silicon alloy wire for OHTL
Amdt.1 1997 Round wire concentric lay overhead electrical stranded
IEC 61089: 1997
conductors
BS-EN-ISO-1461 Specification for Hot Dip Galvanising of structural steel
Specification for Hot Dip Galvanised Coatings on Iron and
BS 729
SteelArticles
BS 3436 Specification for ingot zinc
Specification for Insulator and Conductor fittings for overhead
BS 3288 1-4
power lines
BS 4102 Barbed Wire
Steel Wire & Wire Products. Non-ferrous Metallic on Steel Wire.
BS EN 10244-2
Zinc or Zinc alloy coatings
Conductors for overhead lines – Round wire concentric lay stranded
BS EN 50182:2001
conductors. (see below)
ANSI C2-2002 National Electrical Safety Code
ANSI / ASCE 10-97 Design of Latticed Steel Transmission Structures
ASCE No. 74 Guidelines for Electrical Transmission Line Structural Loading
IEEE 524: 1992 Guide to Installation of Overhead Transmission Line Conductors
IEEE Standard for the calculation of current temperature
IEEE 738
relationship of bare overhead conductors
IEEE 1048 IEEE Guide for protective grounding of power lines
EN 50182:2001-12 Overhead lines of round concentric stranded conductors
EN 62305:2006-10 Protection against flash light
DIN EN ISO Steels for reinforcement and prestressing of concrete
15630:2002-04
EN 12843:2004-11 Precast concrete parts – Poles (CE European Conformity Mark)
EN 13369:2004-09 General provisions for precast concrete units
EN 50341-1 Overhead electrical lines exceeding AC 45 kV: General
requirements – Common specifications
DIN EN 50341-3-4: Overhead electrical lines exceeding AC 45 kV
2002-03
EN 50423:2005-05 Overhead electrical lines exceeding AC 1 kV up to and including
AC 45 kV
ISO 4017:2000-11 Hexagon screw
ISO 4032 Hexagon nut
and ISO 4035:2000-11
DIN EN ISO Washer
7089:2000-11
EN ISO 898-1: Mechanical properties of fastener
1999-11
EN 10056:1998-11 Structural steel equal and unequal leg angles
EN 10025-2:2005-04 Hot rolled products of structural steel
EN 10027:2005-11 Designation systems for steel
EN ISO 898-1: Mechanical properties of fasteners
1999-11
BS EN 1992-1-1: Eurocode 2. Dimensioning and construction of reinforced concrete
Page 11
2004-12 and prestressed concrete framing – General Dimensioning
SP-1102B: Specification for Design of 33kV OHL on Concrete Poles Printed 20-04-2008
provisions and rules governing construction
DIN V ENV 1992-1-
The controlled version ofEurocode 2. Planning
this CMF Document ofinreinforced
resides online concrete
Livelink®. Printed copies areand prestressed
UNCONTROLLED.
2: 1997-05 concrete framing – Part 1-2: General Provisions; Dimensioning of
framing in case of fire; German Version ENV 1992-1-1:1995
Framing made of concrete, reinforced concrete and prestressed
DIN 1045-1: 2001-07 concrete Part 1: Dimensioning and Construction
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS

Concrete, Part 1: Provision, characteristics, production and


EN 206-1: 2001-07
conformity; German Version EN 206-1: 2000
EN 196 Methods of testing cement
EN 197 Cement
Quality requirements concerning welding – Fusion welding of
EN 729-2: 1994-11 metallic materials – Comprehensive quality requirements German
Version EN 729-2: 1994
DIN EN ISO Quality management system
9001:2000
Radio interference characteristics of overhead power lines and high-
CISPR 18-2: 1986:
voltage equipment. Methods of measurement and procedure for
Part 2
determining limits.
International Standards and Recommended Practices;
AERODROMES Annex 14 to the Convention of International Civil
Aviation, Volume 1, Aerodrome Design and Operations, Chapter 6,
ICAO
Visual Aids for Denoting Obstacles.;
Aerodrome design manual paragraph 14.7, Obstacle lighting high-
tension overhead wires
PANS-OPS doc.8168 Air Navigation Services-Aircraft Operation
Permanent Elongation of Conductors - Predictor Equation and
CIGRE Electra No.75
Evaluation Methods

1.3 COMPLIANCE WITH STANDARDS

All requirements of this Standard shall apply except where equipment


manufacturers’ standards are more stringent, in case of which the latter shall
apply. For any planned deviation from this SP, the written agreement of the
Company shall be obtained prior to commencing associated engineering or
construction work. In all cases the Company shall determine the suitability of
the design provided and of the works executed by the Contractor.

1.4 ORDER OF PRECEDENCE

If the Contractor has any doubt concerning the applicable specification for a
particular project, he shall bring the concern or question to the attention of the
Company for clarification or resolution. The Company's decision shall be final
and binding.

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In case of queries concerning the pole, the procedures required for its handling
or its mounting and fittings, the manufacturer itself can be directly consulted
by the Contractor.

2. SCOPE
GENERAL DESIGN CRITERIA

The purpose of these design specifications is to present the standard design


criteria and calculations for 33-kV overhead transmission lines on PDO's
Electrical System.

These design specifications are for transmission lines of single, all-aluminium


alloy (AAAC) ELM conductor or WILLOW conductor per phase on
prestressed spun-concrete pole structures. All standard spun-concrete pole
structures have been pre-designed and the standard drawings for these
structures are a part of these specifications.

This technical information mentioned herein is essential for transmission-line


design engineers. However, the application and use of this specification
applies to all who are responsible for planning, design, construction,
inspection, operation and maintenance of transmission systems.

The information provided herein shall cover the majority of the design
problems encountered by the transmission-line design engineer. However, it is
not possible to cover all contingencies. The design engineer must have the

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knowledge, professional ability, skills and initiative to recognise and deal with
special applications and conditions.

The Contractor shall by all means remain responsible for the overall design,
construction and performance of the complete transmission line.

This design standard and the standard structures are based on relatively flat
terrain and generally long, straight-line sections. The Contractor must have the
knowledge, technical ability and experience to propose design changes for
varying conditions. The Contractor shall be responsible for proposing design
modifications during line design for hilly terrain, line routes that are not
straight, sand dunes and poor soil conditions or any other deviation from basic
design conditions.

In order to avoid cascade failure due to high wind, the line design shall
observe the requirement to have a maximum section length of 2000m.

Conductor drums shall be programmed for stringing taking into consideration


that midspan joints are not permitted.

The expected service life of prestressed spun-concrete pole transmission lines


is 50 years. This expected service life is the basis for the following:
determining design wind loadings, specifying treatment for prestressed spun-
concrete poles, specifying coatings for structural steel and selection of all other
material for line construction.

The Contractor shall call to the attention of PDO any errors, omissions and/or
conflicts between drawings for resolution.
The Contractor shall utilise an industry recognised and accepted Sag and
Tension Calculation Program such as "SAG 10" or "PLS-CADD" or “Sag
Tensions CADtenary”, or an approved equivalent.

Contractor shall be required to provide completed Plan and Profile Drawings


showing structure locations, conductor and fibre-optic-cable sag curves and
ground clearance curves within the design parameters specified herein.

Standard overhead line structures and associated foundation, together with all
required accessories, are detailed in the Standard Drawings contained in SP-
1105, Group-2. Applicable Standard Drawings are listed under appendix-H of
this standard.

ENVIRONMENTAL AND GENERAL PARAMETERS

Table G1
Nominal system voltage 33 kV
System frequency 50 Hz
Maximum system voltage 36 kV
Power frequency withstand voltage (1 70 kV (rms)
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minute)
Lightning impulse withstand voltage 170 kV (Peak)
System fault level at rated voltage (3 25kA / 3 Sec
phase symmetrical)
Minimum creepage distance for 1440mm
insulators
Wind pressure (velocity) under 39 N/m2 (at 8 m/s)
everyday conditions
Max. wind pressure (velocity), q 900 N/m2 (at 38.34m/s)
Maximum wind gust, v 38.34 m/s
Minimum conductor temperature 5° C
Everyday conductor temperature 35°C
Maximum conductor temperature 80° C (for continuous current
rating)
Maximum conductor temperature 90° C (for sag/tension calculations
and short time current rating)
Force coefficient for prestressed spun 0.7
concrete poles
Force coefficient for insulators 1.0
Force coefficient for ELM conductors 1.1
Force coefficient for Willow conductors 1.3
Force coefficient for fibre-optic cable 1.3
Shape factor for ELM / Willow 1.0
conductors
Shape factor for ADSS fibre-optic cable 1.0
Shape factor for cylindrical objects 1.0

Note 1: The maximum conductor temperature indicated shall be used to


determine the final sag at maximum still-air temperature for
FOC and the line conductor, and to calculate the short-time
current rating of the line conductor. A temperature of 80°C
shall be used as basis for determining the continuous current
rating of the line conductor.

Based on 50-year recurrence, a wind velocity inclusive of gusts


of 138 km/h (38.34 m/s) shall be applied for the conductors,
fibre-optic cables and all structural components for prestressed
spun-concrete pole structures with the application as well of the
appropriate safety factors.

2.1.2 SAFETY FACTORS

The minimum safety factors to be applied to overhead-line design for the


maximum simultaneous working conditions shall be as follows:

Table S1

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1. Phase and earth conductors on ultimate tensile 2.5


strength with maximum wind and minimum
ambient temperature
2. Phase and earth conductors on ultimate tensile 6.0
strength during normal everyday temperature
conditions
3. Fibre-optic cable at ultimate tensile strength and at 1.6
maximum wind and minimum ambient temperature
4. Fibre-optic cable under maximum working tension, 8
at everyday temperature conditions and still air
5. Partial safety factor for prestressed spun-concrete 1.363
pole supports for characteristic compressive
strength of concrete, with continuous quality
supervision, concrete class C55/67 (fck,cy l = 55
N/mm2, fck,cube = 67 N/mm2)
6. Partial safety factor for prestressed spun-concrete 1.44
pole supports for characteristic compressive
strength of concrete, with continuous quality
supervision, Concrete class C80/95 (fck,cyl = 80
N/mm2, fck,cube = 95N/mm2)
7. Global safety of support foundations against 2.0
overturning or uprooting under maximum wind and
conductor tension
8. Partial safety factor for steel cross arm for 1.1
characteristic strength fyk
9. Partial safety factor for Steel reinforcement of 1.15
prestressed spun concrete pole supports on
characteristic strength fyk
10. Partial safety factor for steel reinforcement of 1.15
prestressed spun-concrete pole supports for
characteristic strength fp0,1k
11. Insulator strings and post insulators - based on 2.5
Specified Mechanical Load Per Section, Section
3.3.1 of ANSI C29.11 - 1989
12. Partial safety factor of bolts and screws, grade 8.8 1.21
and A4-70 for cross arm, and 4.6 for all other
applications for characteristic strength fy,b,k (1.21 =
1.1 * 1.1)
13. Partial safety factor of bolts and screws, grade 8.8 1.375
and A4-70 for Cross Arm and 4.6 for all other
applications for characteristic strength fu,b,k (1.375 =
1.1 * 1.25)

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14. Safety factor for net allowable safe bearing 1.0


capacity for support foundations (See note no. 1
below)
15. Partial safety factor for wind load on pole supports 1.35
16. Partial safety factor for wind forces from wind load 1.35
on conductor and fibre-optic cable on pole supports
17. Partial safety factor for conductor tension load on 1.35
pole supports
18. Partial safety factor for fibre-optic cable tension 1.35
load on pole supports
19. Partial safety factor for vertical loads on pole 1.35
supports

Note:
1. Allowable safe bearing capacity of soil shall be as recommended in the
soil investigation report. In the absence of any recommendations, a factor
of 3.0 shall be applied to the maximum bearing capacities calculated in
such reports.
2. The standard 33-kV foundation drawings indicate the values of safe
bearing capacities for the most common types of soil encountered in PDO
service territory.
3. The safety factors indicated are minimums that must be maintained but
may be exceeded. They shall be rechecked with the actual manufacturer’s
recommendation for the project, and increased when mutually agreed by
PDO, the Consultant, and the Contractor.

2.1.3 BASIC SPAN


The term “basic span length” shall mean the horizontal distance between
centres of adjacent supports on level ground, from which the height of
standard supports is derived with the specified clearances to ground in still air
at final sag and at maximum temperature.

2.1.4 WIND SPAN


The term “wind span” shall mean half the sum of adjacent horizontal span
lengths supported on any one support.

The maximum allowable wind span is normally determined by the capacity of


the intermediate poles to resist the bending moments due to the wind at right
angles to the line, acting on the line conductor, fibre-optic cable, poles, and
insulators. In case of heavy angle of the OHL, the strength of the angle pole
may limit the wind span. Please refer to Appendix A1 for load figures with
admissible tension forces for angle/section and terminal poles.

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The pole strength is the determining factor in deciding the wind span;
however, the cross arm shall be designed so as not to be the limiting factor on
the maximum wind span and conductor spacing.

Please refer to Appendix B for formulae for wind span calculations for single
pole structures.

2.1.5 WEIGHT SPAN


The term “weight span” shall mean the equivalent length and the
corresponding conductor weights supported at any one support. This is the
distance between the bottom-most conductor positions in adjacent spans.
Weight span varies with ambient conditions. There are two types of weight
spans:

1. MINIMUM WEIGHT SPAN:


The weight span with the conductor at initial conditions and minimum
temperature in still air.

2. MAXIMUM WEIGHT SPAN:


The weight span with the conductor at final conditions and maximum
temperature in still air.

Weight span 1, the minimum weight span, and the corresponding sag are used
to determine uplift conditions at each structure location.

Weight span 2, the maximum weight span, and the corresponding sag are used
to determine the total weight of conductor supported at each structure location.
Pole column loading and cross-arm loading shall be checked using the
maximum weight span.

For a graphic presentation of weight spans, please consult Appendix B1.

2.1.6 LINE ROUTING


The route of an overhead line shall be determined, and the lengths and sections
shall be chosen to avoid/minimise the requirement for in-line joints. The
maximum section length shall be 2000 metres.

Section pole structures shall be installed at the ends of each section length and
shall be suitable to withstand forces associated with broken conductor
conditions on either side of the structure.

Overhead lines, as far as possible, shall be constructed in a straight line


between section structures. Intermediate structures shall be used for deviations
up to 5 degrees in the line route for ELM Conductor without FO cable and up
to 80m wind span or WILLOW Conductor and up to 100m wind span. Where
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deviations of more than 5 degrees in the line route are required, the proper
angle structure shall be selected.

Line angle is not allowed for intermediate poles with ELM Conductor and a
wind span of more than 80m and for WILLOW Conductor with a wind span of
more than 100m.

Please consult Appendix A1 for load figures with admissible tension forces
for Angle/Section and Terminal poles.

2.1.7 LINE PARAMETERS


All single main circuits of 33-kV overhead lines from the 33-kV substations
shall be installed with single ELM conductors. All branch lines / spur lines to
well heads etc. from the main circuit may be constructed with Willow
conductors (the current- carrying capacity of Willow conductors will generally
be sufficient for branch line loads). Only 33-kV overhead lines with single
ELM conductors shall be designed suitable for installation of fibre-optic cable.
The type of line conductor (Single ELM / Willow) and the requirement for
providing fibre-optic cable shall be established during front-end design (FED).
Line parameters are shown in table E1.
Table E1

PARAMETER ELM ELM WILLOW


WITH
FOC
Basic span (max.) 100 m 80 m 120 m
Intermediate Single Single Single
structural Type Pole Pole Pole
I(12) I(12) I(12)
Maximum 100 m 80 m 120 m
allowable wind
span for pole
structures
Section length 2 km 2 km 2 km
(max.)
Minimum ground
clearance
For conductor 6.3 m 6.3 m 6.3 m
For FO cable NA 5.0 m NA
Minimum ground
clearance to
finished road level
for major road
crossings
For Conductor 14.85 m 14.85 m 14.85 m
For FO Cable NA 13.85 m NA

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Minimum ground
clearance to
finished road level
for minor road
crossings
For Conductor 12.85m 12.85 m 12.85 m
For FO Cable NA 11.85 m NA
Positive sequence 0.339 0.339Ω /k 0.369
reactance per km Ω /km m Ω /km
of the line con-
ductor per phase

Note 1: - An allowance of 0.3 m for conductor creepage is already included in


the clearances specified above.
At road crossings, overhead road-crossing signs shall be provided.
- Reference shall be made to HSESM, Chapter 11.
- The Contractor shall submit line profile and route plans on which the
5oC and 90oC conductor and FO cable sag curves are plotted together
with the required ground clearance curve. These shall be derived in
accordance with Sections 2.3.1.5 and 2.3.1.6.

2.1.8 SPACING
Please consult Clause 4.2 and Table 1 of SP 1127, Layout of Plant
Equipment and Facilities, for spacing requirements between overhead lines,
equipment, and facilities.

2.1.9 CLEARANCE FROM AIRSTRIPS AND HELICOPTER LANDING


PADS
Clearance from airstrips and helicopter landing pads shall meet the
requirements of civil aviation authorities, and their permission shall be
obtained prior to commencement of work.

Any line designed to pass within a 4.6 km radius from the centre of airstrips
or helicopter-landing pads shall meet the requirements of the relevant
authorities. On the approach and take-off directions, the restriction extends
up to 15 km from the centre of the runway.

A topographical map showing the proposed line details and construction


programme shall be submitted well in advance to the Head of PDO Air
Operations to obtain permission from the Directorate of Civil Aviation. This
may require a site visit by the authorities.

The “obstacles” within this area are determined according to the height of the
structure. The criteria for evaluating an “obstacle” are detailed in procedures
set down in Air Navigation Services- Aircraft Operation
(PANS-OPS doc. 8168)'.

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See also the sketch in Appendix G of this document for guidance.

Further details can be found in the International Standards and


Recommended Practice Aerodrome, Annex. 14.

No construction within the restricted area shall commence without clearance


from the responsible authorities.

CLEARANCE FROM PARALLEL PIPELINES


Metal pipelines used to convey fluids can be considered as conductors
insulated from earth. They may for part of their length be exposed to several
types of influences and especially to influences of near HV lines. The
influences can result of three types of couplings:
- Capacitive
- Inductive
- Conductive

Under fault conditions in the most severe cases and if no protective measures
taken voltages on influenced pipelines can reach magnitude between several
hundred volts and a few kilovolts.
In normal operation, influences are normally much lower, but nevertheless
safety problems can be created.
Capacitive coupling
Only aerial pipelines situated in the proximity of aerial high voltage lines are
subjected to the capacitive influence of the conductors.
Power frequency voltages can appear between the pipelines and earth when the
pipeline is insulated from the earth, their magnitudes depend mainly on the
voltage level of the line, on the distance between power line, pipeline and on
the power line operating conditions (normal operations or faults).
Metallic pipelines are most often buried and therefore protected from any
capacitive coupling effects.
Inductive coupling
Parallel routing of high-voltage overhead lines induces voltages in pipelines in
steady- state and in fault conditions, which, if not restricted, can have the
following effects:

• Dangers to personnel coming in contact with the pipelines (touch and step
voltages)
• Damages to the pipeline coating
• The danger that cathodic protection may become inoperative.

The voltages induced depend on the following factors:

a) Separation distance
b) Line current
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c) Transmission voltage level


d) Pipe coating resistance
e) Soil resistivity

Under normal operating conditions, the maximum induced voltage on the


pipeline shall be limited to 50 V to ensure personnel safety. Studies show that
induced potential in pipelines in PDO systems is approximately 20 V, which is
well within limits.
Under fault conditions the induced voltage is much higher, and it varies with
the line current contribution from both ends of the 33-kV line, as well as with
the length of parallel run. To achieve a safe touch voltage of 542 V as
stipulated in ANSI / IEEE, the separation which must be maintained depends
on the length of parallel run and is given in the table below. Earth fault
currents of 2000 A and fault clearance time of 0.3 sec have been
considered in the study.

Table P1
Parallel Run Minimum separation between 33-kV line and pipe must be
maintained
Up to 4.5 km 500 metres
4.5 km to 6.5 km 1 km
6.5 km to 10 km 1.75 km

For parallel routing more than 10 km and/or with higher fault currents, specific
case studies must be conducted to determine the separation required. If the
induced voltage / time limitations cannot be met, additional safe working
practices and precautionary measures shall be applied to protect personnel
when working on exposed conductive parts of the pipeline and associated
components.

Precautionary measures shall include, but shall not necessarily be limited to,
low resistance pipe coating, earthing (grounding) mats near the pipelines, and
suitable layers of crushed rock / limestone on the surface near the pipes for
persons to stand and work. Further advice may be obtained from CFDH –
Electrical.

In case the above mentioned separation between the power line and pipeline
cannot be achieved then the pipeline department shall make his own study and
implement the required pipeline protection, the installation shall comply with
safety regulations, i.e. the pipeline cathodic protection shall be designed for a
higher current.

Conductive coupling

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Fault current flowing through the earthing electrode of a tower produce a


potential rise of the electrode and of the neighbouring soil with regard to
remote earth. Pipelines will be influenced if they are connected to the ground
electrode of the HV system or if they enter into the “zone of influence” of the
electrical installation; the insulating coating is then subject to the potential
difference that exists between the local earth and the pipe potential and can be
damaged.
If a pipeline is not influenced by capacitive or inductive coupling, its normal
potential can be assumed to remain very close to the reference potential of
remote earth.
Therefore, any earth potential rise at the pipeline location due to a fault or
lightning stroke on the tower is applied directly to the insulating coating of
pipeline and puncturing of the pipeline coating can occur. Melting of the
pipeline steel may even occur only when the pipeline is very close to a tower
earth electrode.

A fraction of earth potential rise is than applied to the metallic pipeline and
can be transferred by the pipeline to a remote pipeline access point or cathodic
protection system. It may create touch and step voltage, which may be applied,
to workers touching the pipeline at access points or standing nearby such
point.
In the case of proximity between a pipeline and transmission line tower,
mitigation of conductive coupling effects may be achieved by reducing the
earth potential rise at pipeline location, increasing the pipeline coating
dielectric withstand, etc. In any case for crossing the OHL with pipeline the
following is recommended:
- minimum distance of 50 m have to be provided between line tower and
pipeline
- recommended crossing angle between HV line and pipeline have to be
more than 45°.

2.1.11 CLEARANCE BETWEEN THE LINE CONDUCTOR AND THE FO


CABLE
A minimum clear separation of 1.0 m shall be maintained between the 33-kV
line conductors and the FO cable along the entire span under all loading
conditions, as stipulated by the recommendations of the National Electrical
Safety Code C2 – 2002, published by The Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers, Inc.

2.1.12 LOCATION OF POLE-MOUNTED AUTO – RECLOSERS


Pole-mounted auto reclosers for spur lines and tap branch lines shall typically
be located on the first pole after the tap-off arrangement.

2.1.13 DELIVERABLES BY CONTRACTOR


The following Engineering Documents shall be submitted for Approval:
1. Numbering system of documentation
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2. Drawing Schedule/Drawing List


3. Line route drawings/maps of Overhead Transmission Line
4. Longitudinal profile drawings of Overhead Transmission Line
5. Spotting of pole structures on longitudinal profiles, structure lists and
sag templates.
6. Soil Investigation Report
7. Access Road drawings
8. Documentation concerning phase conductors and cables
9. Detailed drawings of conductor fittings and accessories (including mid-
span joints, repair sleeves etc.)
10. Detailed drawings of each insulator set (including all fittings)
11. Documentation concerning Fiber Optic Cable (ADSS)
12. Detailed drawings of Fiber Optic Cable (ADSS)
13. Detailed drawings of joint boxes
14. Detailed drawings of Fiber Optic Cable (ADSS) suspension set and
tension sets (including all fittings)
15. Detailed drawings and guaranteed schedules for electrical equipment
16. Detailed drawing of aircraft warning devices
17. Detailed drawing of conductor and Fibre Optic Cable (ADSS) drums
18. Performance test reports on conductors, Fibre Optic Cable (ADSS),
insulators, insulator sets etc.
19. Sag tension calculation for phase conductors and Fibre Optic Cable
(ADSS)
20. Installation criteria for vibration dampers, spacers, spacer dampers
21. Design calculation and detailed drawings for pole structures (if required
by PDO)
22. Design calculation and detailed drawings for pole structures foundations
(if required by PDO)
23. Detailed drawings for all structures and foundations with marked up
modifications, if any.
24. Detailed drawings of earthing systems
25. Detailed drawings of identification plates, danger plates, number and
phase plates
26. Detailed drawings of Anti-climbing Guards
27. Operation manuals and maintenance books.
28. All As Built documents.

The Contractor shall submit all required stringing sag and tension data and the
completed Plan and Profile Drawings for review by PDO as a part of the
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contract deliverables. The Contractor shall utilise the information provided in


this Standard Design Criteria section and in Appendix A and B as the basis for
sag and tension calculations and the preparation of Plan and Profile Drawings.
Deliverables shall be submitted far enough in advance to allow time for
checking and changes, if any, without causing delay to the project.

2.2 DESIGN BASIS

2.2.1 ASSUMED NORMAL WORKING LOADING CONDITIONS

2.2.1.1 INTERMEDIATE POLE STRUCTURES

Vertical loading: the weights of insulators cross arms, and all other
fittings and the actual dead weight of the line conductors, based on the
maximum weight span specified.

Transverse loading: maximum wind pressure at right angles to the lines


on the whole projected areas of the conductors and insulators and on
the whole projected area of the prestressed spun-concrete poles.
Angle loading: intermediate structures may be used up to a 5° line
angle for single ELM lines with wind span up to 80 m and without FO
cable, and with wind span up to 66 m with FO cable.

For intermediate poles with ELM Conductor and more than 80m wind
span, a line angle is not allowed. Intermediate structures for single
ELM are single-pole structures.

2.2.1.2. ANGLE / SECTION POLE STRUCTURES

Loading consists of the maximum vertical and transverse wind loading


as described above, plus the transverse horizontal components of the
maximum conductor tension, resolved for the maximum deviation
angle concerned. In addition, angle structures are designed for uplift
loading equivalent to a negative weight span equal to the basic span for
each construction.
The heavy angle and section structures are also designed for the
following load case: torsionial moment from unbalanced longitudinal
loading of 100 % of the maximum existing working tension at all
conductor attachment points. For load figures refer appendix – A1
(A/S type Pole).

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2.2.1.3. TERMINAL POLE STRUCTURES

Loading for terminal structures shall be the maximum vertical and


transverse wind loading as described for intermediate and suspension
supports, plus the full maximum existing longitudinal conductor
tensions, together with a plan angle of entry up to 45° on the line side.

In addition, 33-kV terminal pole structures are designed for droppers


having a maximum tension of 600 kg for each conductor, acting at any
plan angle of deviation from 0° to 30° to the incoming line and a
vertical angle from 0o to 60o. For load figures refer appendix – A1
(T type Pole).

2.2.1.4 ROAD-CROSSING STRUCTURES

The general arrangement of road crossing structures, guard poles, etc.


shall be as shown on standard drawings. Road-crossing structures shall
be positioned so that at least 15 m are maintained from the nearest pole
to the road edge. These are straight- line structures and, in addition to
the normal loading mentioned above, they shall be designed to
withstand the loads imposed when road-crossing conductors are
removed with a partial factor of safety of 1,35 for the existing
conductor tension. Please consult Appendix A1 for load figures with
admissible tension forces for angle / section and terminal poles. The
road-crossing structure must resist longitudinal tensions imposed when
road-crossing conductors are removed, and if the longitudinal loads
imposed by a broken conductor (at any conductor position in the first
span away from the road crossing).

The crossing shall be protected on each side by crossing guards. A


warning plate with height-to-crossing details in English and Arabic
shall be fitted to the guards at mid-span. Crossing guard poles shall
resist transverse and longitudinal forces from the guard wire which
carries the horizontal guard pipe. Countdown markers shall also be
provided to warn of the crossing and these shall be provided on each
side of the crossing at 100 m intervals.

The height of road-crossing structures shall be sufficient to give the


minimum specified vertical clearance from conductors to road surface,
under maximum conductor-temperature conditions. Structures shall
utilize single-piece poles without separate extensions.

2.2.1.5 POLE ERECTION LOADS

The Contractor shall propose the method to be used for pre-tensioning


and stringing conductors, to prevent structures and cross arms from
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being stressed beyond their design loads. The proposed methods shall
be provided to PDO sufficiently in advance so that approvals can be
obtained from the Company before any stringing work commences.

2.3 STANDARD 33 KV OVERHEAD LINE DESIGN

2.3.1 CONDUCTORS
Line conductors shall comply with IEC 61089 and EN50182. Only ELM and
WILLOW AAAC conductors shall be used. If any other conductors are to be
used prior written approval shall be obtained from the Company.

2.3.1.1 LINE CONDUCTOR PARAMETERS


Line conductors shall be ELM All Aluminium Alloy Conductors (AAAC). All
conductors shall comply with the requirements of IEC 61089.
The main data characteristics are given in Table C1.
The contractor shall submit certificates of analysis giving the percentage and
nature of any impurities in the metal from which the wires are made. Joints in
individual wires are permitted in any layer except the outermost, in addition to
those made in the base rod or wire before final drawing, But such joints shall
be less than 15 metres apart in the complete stranded conductor. Such joints
shall be made by resistance butt-welding and shall be annealed after welding
over a distance of at least 25-cm on each side of the joint. They are not
required to fulfil the mechanical and electrical requirements for un-jointed
wires. Factory certificates of conformity/compliance shall be furnished.
The line conductors shall be supplied on impregnated drums of approved
material constructed so as to enable the conductors to run smoothly and in
lengths as long as can be conveniently handled and erected.
The cut ends of conductors, together with the joints, clamps and fittings
attached to the conductors themselves, shall be treated in an approved manner
to prevent the ingress of moisture.

Table C1

CONDUCTOR PARAMETERS ELM WILLOW


Material AAAC AAAC

Diameter of conductor 18.8 mm 12.12 mm

Area of conductor 211 mm² 89.73 mm²

Nominal Aluminium Area 175 mm² 75 mm²

Weight of conductor 0.58 kg/m 0.246 kg/m

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Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) 59100 N 25180 N

Modulus of elasticity 55900 N/mm² 58850 N/mm²

Temperature coefficient of linear 23 X 10-6/°C 23 X 10-6/°C


expansion

Continuous current rating (80°C) 400 A 230 A

Short-time current rating (90°C) 475 A 270 A

Max. DC resistance at 20°C 0.1568 Ohm/km 0.3665 Ohm/km


Maximum Conductor Tension ,
Initial Conditions, 5oC, with 1900 kg 1300 kg
900N/m2 wind force used for
single conductor

2.3.1.2. CREEP PREDICTION


The Contractor shall submit to PDO sufficient information and calculations
based on the results of an approved system of tests to reasonable predict the
long-term creep characteristics of the conductors and the shieldwire.
The Contractor shall also submit proposal for a creep compensation regime to
be applied at the time of stringing. Reference shall be made to the
recommendations contained in CIGRE Electra No. 75 for creep evaluation
(equation 8, page 77 for All Aluminium Alloy Conductors).
Such a regime will typically involve prestressing of the conductors prior to
sagging, together with sagging of the conductors at initial tensions higher than
final design tensions.
The regime shall be designed to compensate for the predicted creep of the
conductors over its initial 10 years of service life.

2.3.1.3. MATERIALS
Aluminium alloy wire shall comply with the requirements of IEC 60104.
The copper content shall not exceed 0.05%.

2.3.1.4. WORKMANSHIP
Precautions shall be taken during the manufacturing, storage and delivery of
conductors to prevent contamination by copper or other materials, which may
adversely, affect the aluminium or aluminium alloy.
Where permitted in IEC 61089 for aluminium or aluminium alloy wires the
preferred method of jointing single wires is cold pressure welding.

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2.3.1.5. TEST REQUIREMENTS

2.3.1.5.1. CONDUCTOR TESTS


Sample tests shall be undertaken on all conductors in accordance with the
requirements of IEC 61089 as applicable and this Specification.
The mechanical tests shall be taken on straightened samples of individual
wires taken after conductor stranding. In the event of the sample from any
length not passing the mechanical or resistivity tests, a second and third
sample shall be taken from the same length,
and if one of these also fails under test, the length of conductor (ie. drum) from
which it has been taken shall be rejected. For the ductility tests, should any
variation occur in the results between the torsion and elongation methods of
testing the results of the torsion test shall prevail.

In the event of any machinery being used for conductor manufacturing being
used for materials other than aluminium, galvanised or aluminium clad steel,
the manufacturers shall furnish to PDO with a certificate stating that the
machinery has been thoroughly cleaned before use on aluminium, aluminium
alloy, galvanised or aluminium clad steel wire and that the conductor is free
from contamination.

2.3.1.5.2. TEST CERTIFICATE


All metallic materials used in the manufacture of conductors shall be covered
by test certificates stating their mechanical and chemical properties to prove
compliance with this Specification and IEC as appropriate.
These certificates shall be made available to PDO upon request.
Test records covering Type and Sample tests shall be made available to PDO.

2.3.1.5.3. CERTIFICATE OF CONFORMITY


When requested copies of the following certificate/records shall also be
forwarded:
(a) Metallic material test certificate;
(b) Conductor stranding equipment non contamination certificate.

2.3.1.6 SYSTEM LOADING CONDITIONS

2.3.1.6.1 LINE CONDUCTOR / FIBRE OPTIC CABLE SAG AND TENSION,


INITIAL CONDITION

Line conductors / fibre-optic cable shall be tensioned to ensure that:

• Tension at minimum ambient temperature and maximum wind speed


does not exceed UTS / safety factor (2.5 specified for line conductor &
1.6 specified for FOC)

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• Tension at everyday temperature of 35oC and a wind speed of 8 m/s


does not exceed UTS / safety factor (6.0 specified for line conductor and
8 specified for FOC). This is known as “everyday tension”.
• At a conductor temperature of 90°C, the minimum ground clearances
shall be met with consideration of minimum clearance of 1.0 meters
between the 33-kV line conductor and the FOC, at the maximum sag
point.
All the above three conditions shall be met. By maximising the sag, while
meeting the clearance requirements, the stresses in the line will be reduced.

The formula for sag / tension calculations is given under Appendix D.

The conductors / FOC on the overhead lines shall be tensioned to meet the sag
requirements. Stringing Sag and Tension Tables for initial conditions are
provided for various ruling spans in Appendix B2.

2.3.1.6.2 LINE CONDUCTOR SAG AND TENSION, FINAL CONDITION

Due to creepage, the sag of the line conductors increases with time. This shall
be taken into account when plotting the ground clearance profiles.
Line conductors shall be pre-tensioned prior to permanently making off.
This ensures that the conductors are properly bedded down and eliminates a
portion of the creep (approximately 0.3 m).

A creep allowance of 0.3 m for the remaining portion of the creep shall be
added to the sag at maximum line conductor temperature of 90° C to produce
sag and tension charts for a range of equivalent spans for the entire life of the
overhead line. At the time of installation of the line, the total clearance shall be
inclusive of this creep and the minimum clearance required.

2.3.1.6.3 CONDUCTOR PRE-TENSIONING

Conductors shall be pre-tensioned in each line section between dead ends after
the conductor has been brought up to initial stringing sag and tension and the
sag has been verified by PDO and recorded. The conductor position at the
dead ends at each end of the line section shall be marked. The conductor shall
be tensioned to 125% of the initial stringing tension or 80% of the initial sag
and held at this sag and tension for one (1) hour and 20 minutes. After one (1)
hour and 20 minutes, the conductor shall be returned to the initial position
marked at the dead ends and the sag rechecked and recorded. All recorded sags
and the difference between the initial sag and the sag after pre-tensioning shall
be provided to PDO.

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2.3.1.6.4 CONDUCTOR SAG VERIFICATION

The Contractor shall provide suitable dynamometers, sighting boards, and


sighting levels, and other approved apparatus necessary for checking
conductor sag and tension. When required by PDO, dynamometers shall be
tested and, where necessary, calibrated.

Conductor sagging shall be measured and analysed with sighting boards and
sighting levels. Sag shall be measured and adjusted at the low point of the
conductor in the span.

The actual sag of the installed conductors shall not depart by more than minus
4% from the stipulated sag, as shown in the stringing. For single conductor
lines, the sag of one line conductor shall not depart more than 100 mm from
the sag of the other line conductors in a single span.

When required by the Company, the Contractor shall provide all assistance
necessary to allow the Company to verify that sags and tensions are within the
tolerances specified above. Such verification shall be carried out at selected
points along the route of the line, as requested by the Company.
Clearance between conductors and the ground, and between jumper
conductors and the structure, shall be checked after conductor installation is
complete and sag has been verified. The Contractor shall keep records of all
sagging activities, including the mean actual sag of the line conductors, the
date of stringing, and the ambient-air and conductor tension for each line
section. Records shall be kept on Form No. 20 from SP-1100. These records
shall be turned over to the Company at the conclusion of line installation.

2.3.1.6.5 CONDUCTOR CLASHING


Three-phase conductors are spaced apart so that satisfactory electrical
clearances are maintained under the most credible conditions of opposed
conductor swinging. Formulae to assess the requisite spacing have been given
in Appendix E.

2.3.2 FIBRE OPTIC CABLE & ACCESSORIES

2.3.2.1 FIBRE OPTIC CABLE

Only aerial All Dielectric Short Span (ADSS) Fibre Optic (FO) cable shall be
used. The parameters of the FO cable shall be as specified below (Table D1).

Table D1
Type All Dielectric short span
(ADSS)
Overall diameter 15.0 mm

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Area 177 mm²


Unit weight 180 kg/km
Modulus of Elasticity 23 x 109 Pa
Maximum Working Tension 20000 N
Temperature coefficient of linear 1.1 x 10-6 /K
expansion

FO cable shall be installed at the locations shown on the concrete pole above
ground on the General Arrangement Drawing for each type of structure for
single ELM conductor.
In case the specification of FO cable to be procured is different from that
shown above, allowable conductor wind/weight span, normal span and fixing
height of the fibre optic cable may differ.
The cable design may consist of several different functional cable components.
A single physical component may represent two or more functional
components. The design shall contain the following functional cable
components:
− Optical fibres
All fibres shall be of single mode type and shall comply with the
requirements of BS EN 188000 or ITU-T G.652, IEC 60793 and IEEE
Std1138 and the requirements detailed below.
The fibres shall be designated to operate at 1310 and 1550 nm wavelength
and shall provide low dispersion values for the entire bandwidth above the
cut off wavelengths of the cabled fibres.
Fibres shall be laid loose and equally distributed into buffer tubes made of
silicone resin and filled with jelly compound. The fibres shall be
manufactured from high-grade silica and dropped as necessary to provide
the required transmission performance.
The chemical composition of the fibres shall be specifically designed to
minimise the effect of hydrogen on the transmission properties.
The fibre primary coating shall consist in an inert material which can be
readily removed for jointing purposes without damage to the fibre and
without necessitating the use of hazardous chemicals.
The secondary coating may be applied directly over the primary coating or
alternatively a loose-jacket may be provided. Where a tight fitting
secondary coating is provided it should consist of an inert material.
The secondary coating or loose tube shall be colour coded throughout the
length of the cable. If not part of the material of the secondary coating, the
colour coding shall be fast and capable of withstanding normal handling
during termination.
The fibre coating shall be translucent such that fibre splicing technique,
using optical alignment of cores by means of injection and detection of
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light through the cladding shall be supported. In addition, the fibre coating
shall be optically matched to the cladding to promote cladding mode
stripping.
− Optical cable core. Individual optical fibres or groups of fibres shall be
contained in a loose tubes. These tubes shall form the fibres' secondary
protection (the coating being the primary protection).
The optical cable core design shall be based upon the helical stranded
loose tube principles (no ribbon). This means that the cable design shall
provide a strain and contraction margin.
The strain and contraction margins shall protect the fibres adequately from
mechanical stress during manufacturing, installation and the service life.
Longitudinal water penetration of the optical cable core shall be prevented
by a water blocking.
The optical cable core shall protect the fibres from environmental and
electrical stresses.
Materials used within the core shall be compatible with one another, shall
not degrade under the electrical stress and shall not evolve hydrogen
sufficient to degrade the optical performance of the fibres.
− Moisture barrier. To prevent dirt and moisture penetration which could
adversely affect optical and mechanical properties, the fibres shall be
provided with an effective water screen.

− Strength member. The strength member may be incorporated within or


outside the optical cable core. The purpose of the strength member is to
ensure that the cable meets the optical requirements under all specified
installation and operating conditions for its design life. The strength
member shall be able to withstand the entire mechanical loads specified in
this specification.
− Armouring jacket. The armouring jacket shall provide the crush, molest
and impact resistance for the optical cable core.
− Outer jacket. The outer jacket shall provide the necessary protection
against UV and background radiation, as well as electrostatic fields.
The cable shall be circular. The cable shall not contain any metallic part or
(semi)conductive elements and particles.

2.3.2.2 FIBRE-OPTIC CABLE ATTACHMENT


The details for installing FOC and the accessories that shall be used are
indicated in Appendix H of this Specification.

2.3.3 INSULATORS
General
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Post insulators shall be of silicon rubber material complying with the latest
revision of IEC 61109 and/or ANSI C29.11 standards. They shall be used as
intermediate support insulators at voltages up to and including 36 kV.

Tension insulators shall be of silicon rubber material complying with the latest
revision of IEC 61109 and/or ANSI C29.11 standards.
Design
The insulator shall be made from two insulating parts equipped with metal
fittings. The internal insulating part namely "core" will be designed and
manufactured from Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer rod. The specified
creepage distance is provided with an external insulating part, namely
"housing" (sleeve with weathersheds), and will be manufactured from silicone
rubber. The content of silicone shall be at least 30% of the rubber mass, after
adding the fillers.

The core shall be made of electrical grade epoxy and boron-free ECR glass
fibres. The insulator core shall be mechanically sound, free from voids, foreign
substances and manufacturing flaws. Also the design shall be such as to ensure
that the core is totally encapsulated and fully sealed from the live to the
earthed ends, by the insulating material from the environment, in order to
avoid moisture ingress.
Alternatively, E core material could be proposed if the design is proven by
applicable type tests and if supported by an adequate track record of successful
experience in service.
The housing and weathersheds shall be made of Silicone Rubber material in
order to maintain their hydrophobicity during long term service in critical
environments. It shall be applied to a subassembly of the core and metal-
fittings using a process of high pressure, high-temperature injection mould up.
The material for housing and weathersheds shall be of grey colour and bird
repellent.

A minimum thick sheath of 3.0mm of Silicone Rubber shall be moulded on the


reinforced fiber glass rod. The polymer sleeve and weathershed insulating
material shall have a chemical structure of 100 percent silicone rubber before
fillers are added. The Silicone Rubber shall be firmly bonded to the rod, be
seamless, smooth and free from imperfections. The interfaces joining the
housing to the core, and those joining the housing to the metal fittings, shall be
uniform and without voids. The strength of the Silicone Rubber to rod
interface shall be greater than the tearing strength of the Silicon Rubber itself.
An interface between the metal fittings and the housing that relies on a
compression process is not acceptable.

The alternating weathersheds shall be firmly bonded to the sheath, moulded as


part of the sheath and be seamless smooth and free from imperfections.
Weathersheds shall be at intervals to provide optimum electrical performance
and the weathershed designs should provide a protected bottom surface that
tends to keep dry in wet conditions. Individual sheds shall be of open profile
without under ribs and to IEC 60815.

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The insulator shall be capable of high pressure live line washing. A high
pressure wash test shall be preformed on polymer insulators to demonstrate
that the units can be power washed.

This test shall be a water spray at a shed seam approximately 3m from the
insulators. The spray shall be a solid stream through a ¼ inch diameter nozzle
at 550 psi for a period of ten minutes.
For washing a whole insulator, or 10 seconds for one point insulator surface
there shall be no signs of water entering through or under the outside
weathershed into the core or between sleeve and weathersheds or at the
polymer hardware interface into the core.
The end fittings shall be made of ductile cast iron, or forged steel, or malleable
cast iron all hot-dip galvanised. The minimum thickness of the coating of the
steel or iron fittings will be 126 micron (900g/m²). The end fittings shall be
attached to insure a uniform distribution of the mechanical load to the rod.
Any member that is machined, bent or worked in manner after galvanising
shall be regalvanised. The zinc coating shall adhere tightly to the surface of the
base metal. The zinc-coated parts shall be free from uncoated spots. The
coating shall be free from blisters, flux, black spots, dross, tear drop edges,
flaking zinc, rough appearance and in general shall be smooth, clean and
unscarred when received.

Test Requirements

Design Tests on silicone rubber insulator units should have been previously
undertaken in full accordance with the requirements of IEC 61109 including
the ageing tests under operating voltage and simulated weather conditions for
duration of 5000h.
These tests should have been certified by an independent quality assurance
organisation, and the test certificates made available to PDO for approval.
The Contractor shall give PDO the requisite period of notice prior to
undertaking the test, and submit to PDO for approval a test programme and
procedures.

Routine tests
Tests made on all production insulators and/or their individual components to
demonstrate their integrity. In general they shall be performed according to
IEC 61109, chapter 8.

Sample tests
Tests made on samples of completed insulators and/or their individual
components to verify that product meet the design specifications. In general
they shall be performed according to IEC 61109, chapter 7.

Type tests
Tests required to be made before supplying a type of insulator covered by this
Specification in order to demonstrate satisfactory performance characteristics
to meet the intended application and specified conditions. In general they shall
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be performed according to IEC 61109, chapter 6. Copies of Certificates of


these tests shall be submitted with the Tender documents.
Design tests
Tests intended to verify the suitability of the design, materials and method of
manufacture (technology).

Identification and Marking


All insulators shall be marked to ensure system traceability.
Each unit shall be clearly and indelibly marked as follows:
- identification of insulator rod (reference number/specified mechanical
load);
- marker’s identification;
- date of manufacture.

The insulator profile shall be selected to suit the site conditions; e.g., air foil profile in
a desert environment.

The creepage distance for all types of insulators shall be 40 mm/kV at the highest
system voltage of 36 kV = 1440 mm.

2.3.3.1 GENERAL INSULATOR PARAMETERS


Line post Insulators:

Type Single conductor


Overall diameter 120 mm
Diameter of core 73 mm
Maximum length 665 mm
Minimum nominal creepage 40 mm/kV of the highest system
distance voltage
Cantilever strength 12.5 kN SCL*
Type of mounting Stud type
Stud Diameter M22
Stud length 80-100 mm

Tension Insulators:

Type Single conductor


Maximum nominal diameter 93 mm
Minimum nominal creepage 40 mm/kV of the highest system
distance voltage
Minimum electromechanical load 80 kN SML*

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Dimensions of overall diameter, core diameter and length of post insulator


are indicative and may vary depending on the make of insulators.

* SML = Specified Mechanical Load as defined in Section 3.3.1 of ANSI


C29.11-1989

* SCL = Specified Cantilever Load as defined in Section 3.3.1 of ANSI


C29.11-1989

2.3.4 Insulator Fittings, Conductor Fittings and Vibration Dampers

2.3.4.1 General
Fittings shall comply with EN 50341-1 and BS 3288 and shall be suitable for
live line working. Suspension and tension clamps shall be as light as possible
and shall be of aluminium. All clamps shall be designed to avoid any
possibility of deforming the stranded conductors and separating the individual
strands.
The design of fittings shall avoid welds. The fittings shall be designed for
short circuit currents as per the system parameters without exceeding a
temperature that would damage the conductor or the fitting. Arcing horns are
required to protect the insulator from power arcs. The coupling between
fittings shall be such that point and line contacts are avoided. The design shall
avoid sharp corners and projections.
Bolts and nuts shall be locked in an approved manner. Bolt threads shall be
coated with approved grease immediately before tightening-down at erection.
Split pins for securing attachment of fittings of insulator sets shall be of
stainless steel and shall be backed by washers of approved size and gauge. All
insulator strings shall be attached to cross arms by means of shackles. Hooks
shall not be used. Conductor counterweights shall be provided for suspension
insulator sets supporting jumpers, in order that satisfactory electrical
clearances are maintained under all service conditions.
All fittings shall be stored on suitable skids above the ground or at a suitable
place to avoid mud embedment during rain. Dirty fittings shall be cleaned
prior to installation.
The minimum thickness of the coating of the steel or iron fittings will be 126
micron (900g/m²). The end fittings shall be attached to insure a uniform
distribution of the mechanical load to the rod. Any member that is machined,
bent or worked in manner after galvanising shall be regalvanized. The zinc
coating shall adhere tightly to the surface of the base metal. The zinc-coated
parts shall be free from uncoated spots. The coating shall be free from blisters,
flux, black spots, dross, tear drop edges, flaking zinc, rough appearance and in
general shall be smooth, clean and unscarred when received

2.3.4.2 Suspension Clamps


Suspension clamps shall be designed to meet the following requirements:
− to minimise the effect of vibration both on conductor or earthwire and
on the clamp;

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− to avoid localised pressure or damage to the conductor or earthwire and


have sufficient contact surface to avoid damage by fault current;
− shall be free to pivot in the vertical plane of the conductor/shieldwire
and shall have a minimum range of movement of plus or minus 30°;
− shall have a slipping capacity between specified minimum and
maximum slipping loads;
− the mouth of the suspension clamp shall be rounded and slightly flared,
with a minimum radius of curvature in the vertical plane of 150mm.

2.3.4.3 Tension Clamps


The mechanical efficiency of tension clamps shall not be affected by methods
of erection involving the use of "come-along" or similar clamps before, during
and after assembly, not by erection of the tension clamp itself. Tension sets
may be fixed or have sag adjusters as per the standard drawings. Tension sets
at the substation ends of slack spans shall be provided with turnbuckle
adjusters. The arc horns provided at the substation ends shall have adjustable
arc gaps.
Tension clamps shall be designed to eliminate sharp edges and projections.
The Contractor shall dress compression type tension clamps after installation
to eliminate protrusions and sharp edges.
2.3.4.4 Joints & Clamps
Midspan joints shall not be permitted.
Line conductor fittings shall be designed in accordance with EN 50341-1 and
BS 3288, or such other equivalent standard as may be approved. The electrical
conductivity and current-carrying capacity of each joint shall be not less than
that of the equivalent length of conductor.

The design of all compression fittings shall be such that only one pair of dies
each is necessary for compression of all the aluminium sleeves provided for
each type of conductor. The company Representative shall approve all jointing
sleeves. Tension joints shall be of the compression type and shall be made so
as not to permit slipping or cause damage to or failure of the complete
conductor at a load less than 95% of the ultimate strength of the conductor.
All aluminium compression type clamps and joints shall be of aluminium of a
purity of not less than 99.5%. Non-ferrous alloys shall be such as to withstand
atmospheric conditions without the requirement for painting or other
protection.The contractor shall submit certificates of analysis for the various
parts.

The design of joints and clamps, and of any special tools to be used in their
assembly, shall be such as to reduce to a minimum the possibility of faulty
assembly. All external nuts shall be locked in an approved manner.

There shall be no relative movement within the clamp between individual


layers of the conductor itself. Where mating faces of jumper terminals are to
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be bolted together, they are to be protected at the manufacturer's works by


strippable plastic or other approved means.
2.3.4.5 Vibration Dampers
Vibration Dampers of Stockbridge pattern or approved equivalent shall be
provided for the single ELM conductor overhead lines which will guarantee
the 33 kV line over the full lifetime from vibration damage under the specified
ambient conditions. Computer simulation and analysis, using established
software for the purpose for the design conditions specified, shall prove
suitability of the damper.The requirement for vibration dampers for spans
above 100m shall be checked by the contractor. Dampers shall be attached to
the conductor in a manner, which will prevent damage thereto. Clamping
bolts shall be provided with domed self-locking nuts designed to prevent
corrosion to the threads.
The method of damper manufacture is to be such as to ensure freedom from
subsequent droop of the "bells" in service. The Company may require
acceptance fatigue tests to indicate proof of behaviour in service.
All dampers shall be installed below the conductor and in line with the
conductor, at all line conductor suspension and tension points. A minimum of
two dampers per span shall be fitted on all spans.
Vibration Dampers when installed according with the manufacturer's
recommendations shall limit the aeolian vibration levels so that the conductor
strain in the surface of the outer wires, determined in accordance with the
CIGRE/IEEE recommendations, based on a software developed by an
international reputed body to be approved, shall not exceed 150 micro-strains
peak to peak at the vibration damper clamp and at the adjacent suspension
clamp or dead end. This requirement shall be met for all frequencies up to
f=1480/d Hz, where "d" is the conductor diameter in mm, the manufacturer
shall provide either suitable test results, field test results or calculations to
demonstrate to PDO satisfactory that this requirement is met.
The messenger cable shall have 19 strands and shall be made from Stainless
Steel Grade A4.
Vibration Dampers shall be provided on Fibre Optic Cable in accordance with
the recommendations of the fibre optic cable manufacturer.

2.3.4.6 Corona & Radio Interference


The design of all line conductor fittings, vibration dampers, etc., shall avoid
sharp corners or projections that would produce high electrical stress under
normal operating conditions.
The design of adjacent metal parts and mating surfaces shall be such as to
prevent corrosion of the contact surfaces and to maintain good electrical
contact under service conditions. Particular care shall be taken during
manufacture of conductors and fittings and during subsequent handling to
ensure smooth surfaces free from abrasion.

2.3.4.7 Aluminium to Copper Connectors


Aluminium-to-copper connectors shall be designed to prevent electrolytic
action between the dissimilar metals. The actual aluminium-copper section
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shall be pre-formed by friction welding at the manufacturer's works; or,


electrolytic action may be prevented by the use of a proper inhibiting joint
compound. In no case shall copper conductors be placed above aluminium
components.

SUPPORTS
2.3.5.1 General
The supports are prestressed spun concrete poles. However, where it is not
possible to use concrete poles or at special location such as difficult to access
mountains steel poles or lattice steel towers can be used. Contractor shall
verify the use of steel line supports on an economic basis after satisfying the
technical design parameters and obtain written approval from PDO for each
instance.
Design of steel line supports shall be proof tested at an approved full scale
testing station. Concrete poles are produced according the European Standards
EN 13369:2004 (Common rules for precast concrete products) and EN
12843:2004 (Precast concrete products - Masts and Poles). The Contractor
shall witness all routine tests, on concrete poles, in accordance with the above
Standards prior to shipping.
Steel poles and towers should comply with EN 50341-1, DIN EN 50341-3-4
and DIN 18800 respectively & manufacturers’ standards.
Lattice steel towers shall be designed in accordance with EN 50341-1, DIN
EN 50341-3-4 and DIN 18800 respectively.
Supports shall be designed for the following conditions, taking into account
the specified factors of safety:
• Intermediate straight line supports (including small deviations up to
approximately 5° maximum, see 2.1.6 and 2.1.7),
• deviations greater than 5° and up to and including 90°
• line terminals at the required approach angle
• Special conditions, e.g. abnormally long spans or supports including switches,
fuses, cable terminations, tees, etc.
• Structures for switchrack
• Structures for auto-recloser.
All poles shall be unstayed. H-frame structures shall only be used for special
constructions (e.g. 18m terminal structures).

2.3.5.2 CONCRETE POLE PARAMETERS


Standard Pole:

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Intermediate

Length 12 m total length


Strength 6 kN normal working load
Section / angle pole
Length 14 m total length
Strength 15 kN normal working load
Terminal
Length 14 m total length
Strength 30 kN normal working load

The detailed pole parameters are defined in the drawings STD 4-1601,
STD 4-1602, STD 4-1603

Poles for Overhead road / Pipeline Crossing:


Length 21m for Major and 18m for
Minor Crossing
Strength 15kN normal working load

2.3.5.3 TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS OF PRESTRESSED SPUN CONCRETE


POLES
1.1. Longitudinal steel reinforcement:
The longitudinal steel reinforcement is steel St500/550S

1.2. Lateral (spiral) steel reinforcement


The spiral steel reinforcement should be at least St500/550S. The diameter of
the spiral steel reinforcement should be at least 4mm.

1.3. Cement
The technical accepted cement category is ≥ CE 42, 5

1.4. Aggregates
The aggregate material will have maximum grain of 12mm (1/2 inch).

1.5. Additives
Additives should be according the specification of Rules of Concrete
Technology. The use of CaCl2 or any other additive, which can cause
corrosion to the reinforcement, is forbidden.

1.6. Concrete
The category of concrete must be ≥ C55/67. Minimum quantity of cement is ≥
400kg/m3.

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The resistance in compression for test specimen 28 days must meet the
requirements for C55/67 and the tensile strength through bending should not
be less than 3,0 N/mm2.

1.7. Concrete cover:


The nominal concrete cover to the reinforcement has to be 20mm from the
outer and minimum 15mm from the inner side of the pole.

1.8. Earthing
For the earthing, two stainless steel nuts of size M12 will be connected to the
longitude reinforcement. The nut shall be visible at the pole surface. Note:
The earthing cable will be fixed with a bolt which is screwed in this nut.

1.9. Top end of poles


The top end of poles should be flat as per the drawing and covered with an
aluminum cap.

1.10. Pole Openings


The poles will have openings of 22mm for fixation of crossarm and other
equipment as per the drawings.

1.11. Pole Age on delivery


No pole will be moved from the site if the age of the pole is not at least15days.

1.12. Tolerance
• The tolerance of the total length of the pole shall be : -2cm up to +5cm
• The tolerance of the outer diameter of the poles, as per given in table II
paragraph 5.3.1 will be: -1% up to +2%
• The tolerance between the openings will be : +/- 2mm
• The tolerance of distance between the first opening from the top of the pole
will be: +/- 2cm
• The tolerance of the nut angle (earthing) towards the beginning of the opening
will be: +/-15o
• The tolerance of distance between the grounding bolt from the top of the pole
will be: +/-1cm
• The tolerance for temperatures during the accelerating curing will be: +/- 3oC
1.13. Pole Dimensioning
The study of strength as well as the analytical structural drawings of poles will be
producer’s responsibility.

Categories, loads, lengths and diameters of poles

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The poles will be categorized according their working load in


Intermediate (I), Angle/ Section (A/S) and Terminal (T) poles.

2.3.5.4 ABNORMAL DEFECTS


Mechanical damages that are assessed to affect the structural strength of the
pole are not permitted.

2.3.5.5 IDENTIFICATIONS
Each pole shall have a unique identification number and a name plate with
information about the pole type, length, strength and weight, year of
production, producer and country of origin. Poles without a name plate will
not be accepted.

2.3.5.6 POLE FOUNDATIONS


Excavations for pole foundations shall be carried out by machine driven augers
and the diameter shall adequate to permit thorough mechanical tamping of the
backfill around the pole base. The depth of the foundation is specified in the
designs and depends on the soil types.
Concrete if necessary for foundations is to consist of concrete with a cement
content of 370 kg per cubic metre and a compressive strength after 28 days of
15 N/mm2 for not reinforced concrete and 20.7 N/mm2 for reinforced concrete
in accordance with ERD 19-07. When pouring concrete, free fall of the
concrete shall be limited to 1 meter to prevent separation of the mix
components.
The foundation designs indicated in 33 kV standard drawings (refer Appendix
H) assumes the safe bearing capacities for various types of soil generally
encountered in PDO service area and are indicative only. The soil
classification at each location shall be agreed upon with PDO before deciding
the type of foundation as per standard drawings. A detailed design of
foundations shall be carried out based on the project specific soil investigation
report to confirm the adequacy of foundation sizes specified in the standard
drawings. In areas where previous soil investigations have not been carried out
and the soil cannot be classified with reasonable confidence, a soil
investigation shall be carried out to ascertain the soil types and their
characteristics.
For soil test details refer to ERD 11-02.

2.3.5.7 AGGREGATE FOR CONCRETE


Unsatisfactory aggregates are a common cause of concrete deterioration.
Contractor is responsible for limiting the amount of chlorides and sulphates in
the aggregates and water used for concrete in accordance with ERD-19-07.
Contractor shall provide test data to show the chlorides and sulphates present
in the aggregate and water he is proposing to use. Contractor shall also
indicate the type of cement he proposes to use.

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2.3.5.8 CONCRETE FOR FOUNDATIONS


Concrete in foundations shall consist of cement, sand and gravel or broken
stone in proportions to produce dense concrete. Gravel, stone and sand shall
be clean and free from dust, earth or organic matter, or salt. All gravel and
broken stone are to be 20mm down graded (20mm-).
All sand is to be coarse, sharp, clean and free from dust, salt, clay vegetable
matter or other impurity and to be screened through a mesh not more than
5mm. It is to be a well-graded mixture of coarse and fine grains from 5 mm
gauge downwards. Water is to be clean and free from all earth and vegetable
matter and alkaline substances either in solution or in suspension. The
maximum water to cement ratio shall be 0.55. All cement shall be Portland or
other approved composition obtained from an approved maker. Portland
cement is to conform in all respects to BS 12 for Ordinary Portland Cement
and ASTM 150 for Sulphate resistant Portland Cement.
All concrete is to be thoroughly compacted/vibrated during the operation of
placing. The upper surface of the concrete for all types of foundations is to be
finished smooth and sloped in an approved manner to prevent accumulation of
water. An approved concrete additive may be used.
Cubes are to be taken, cured and tested to verify the concrete strength. The
characteristic cube strength shall not be less than 15 N/mm2 for not reinforced
concrete and 20.7 N/mm2 for reinforced concrete in accordance with ERD 19-
07. The concrete is to be covered by hessian/burlap sacking and is to be kept
continuously moist using approved mix water during the initial period of
curing to avoid rapid drying.
The Hessian/burlap covering shall not be allowed to dry out during the initial
curing period because a dry covering will take moisture from the concrete and
ruin the concrete. Alternatively to hessian/burlap sacking a curing compound
can be used to avoid rapid drying.

2.3.5.9 FOUNDATION DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES


The centre peg of a structure foundation shall not depart from the longitudinal
position shown on the approved profile by more than 300 mm. The centre peg
shall not depart from the central axis of a section by more than 25mm.

2.3.5.10 LINE IDENTIFICATION


Refer SP-1106 Specification for Coding & Identification of Overhead Line
Systems.

2.3.6 ANTI-CLIMBING GUARDS


Anti-climbing guards for concrete poles shall be made from mild steel barbed
wire with barbs at least 15 mm long and having a maximum spacing of 35
mm. In all other respect, the barbed wire shall comply with BS 4102, Section
4. The barbed wire shall be wound around the pole for 12 whole turns over a
distance of 500 mm, to form the anti-climbing guard.

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2.3.7 CROSS ARMS

2.3.7.1 INTERMEDIATE CROSS ARM


The standard intermediate cross arm is shown in the Electrical Standard
Drawings (refer Appendix H). This is adequate for use on generally flat
terrain. However, for non-flat terrain conditions, selection of cross arms shall
be made taking into account the following factors:

• Weight of conductors at cross arm extremities (weight span)


• Weight of insulators at cross arm extremities
• Weight of the cross arm itself
• Horizontal force of wind on conductors, transmitted to the cross arm through
support insulators (wind span)
• Horizontal force of wind on insulators.
• Conductor tension, should the line deviate from a straight line route.

2.3.7.2 SECTION, ROAD CROSSING AND TERMINAL CROSS ARMS


Section, road crossing, and terminal structure cross arms must withstand
maximum line tension at the conductor attachment point: therefore, they are
subject to high bending moments at the point of cross-arm attachment to the
concrete pole.
The design shall be based upon the maximum tension of the conductors at
minimum temperature and maximum wind force. The yield strength of the
cross-arm steel shall be used to calculate the size of the cross-arm required.
Refer Electrical Standard Drawings, Group 2, for details (see Appendix H).

2.3.8 SURGE ARRESTERS


Surge arresters of an approved type shall be installed at the locations where
33kV cables are connected to the overhead line for tapping the power supply
to load centres, as shown in the Standard Drawings.

For the section of line feeding to single beam pump installation, cable
protection by providing rod- gaps (refer STD 4 1252 001) is acceptable.

Reference shall be made to SP-1105, Group 2, Electrical Standard Drawings


(STD 4) for 33kV overhead lines, for more details.

2.3.9 CONSTRUCTION OF SUPPORT STEELWORK


Rolled steel sections, flats, plates, bolts, nuts and bars shall, unless otherwise
approved, consist of structural steel in conformity with EN 50341-1, DIN
18800, and EN 10025, Grade S 355 or equivalent. High-tensile steel, where
approved, shall satisfy the requirements of ISO R630, Grade Fe52c or
equivalent.

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Steel shall be free from blisters, scale, or other defects. High-tensile steel
stored prior to fabrication and galvanising shall be marked continuously
throughout its length with a light blue water-paint line.
In addition, the grade number of the steel shall be painted on the components
and ringed with paint. The quality of finished steel shall be in accordance with
BS EN 10163.
Unless otherwise specified, the following grades of steel shall be applicable:
a) For barbed wire: Mild Steel shall be of minimum grade S235JR
b) Other parts: High Tensile Steel shall be of minimum grade S355JR for
section less than 20mm thick and S355JO for section greater or equal to
20mm thick.
Hot rolled steel plates shall be in accordance with the requirements of BS EN
10029.

The ultimate design stress in tensile members shall not exceed the yield
strength of the material. The ultimate stress in the compression members shall
not exceed a figure obtained from an approved formula based on the yield
strength.
The cross-arm tips of 33kV tension cross arms shall be arranged such that two
holes for the attachment of conductor erection and maintenance tackle are
provided adjacent to each hole for tension-set shackles. The length of angle
support cross arms must be such as to ensure that the distances between
conductors at straight-line structures are maintained in a plane normal to the
conductors.

All steelwork shall be stored on suitable skids or battens above the ground or
at a suitable place to avoid contamination with mud during rain. Dirty
steelwork shall be cleaned prior to installation.

2.3.10 Galvanizing
Unless otherwise specified after completion of all fabrication processes
(including all drilling, punching, stamping, cutting, bending and welding)
tower steelwork, including nuts, bolts and washers shall be hot-dip galvanized
and tested in accordance with the requirements of BS 729 (heavy galvanizing
shall be applied) and BS-EN-ISO-1461 respectively.
Electro-galvanizing is not an acceptable alternative.
The minimum average coating thickness shall be as specified in Table T5.
Excessively thick or brittle coatings due to high levels of silicon or phosphorus
in the steel, which may result in an increased risk of coating damage and/or
other features that make the final product non-fit-for-purpose shall be cause for
rejection. The ingot zinc used for galvanizing shall comply with the
requirements of BS 3436.
All materials prior to galvanizing shall be free from oil, grease or any
substance, which may adversely affect the quality of finish.
The preparation for galvanizing and the galvanizing itself shall not adversely
affect the mechanical properties of the coated materials.
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Unless otherwise specified, all materials shall be treated with Sodium


Dichromate in order to prevent wet storage stains (white rust) during storage
and transport.
All bolts and screwed rods, including the threaded portions, shall be
galvanised. The threads shall be cleaned of all surplus spelter by spinning or
brushing. Dies shall not be used for cleaning threads other than on nuts. Nuts
shall be galvanized and tapped 0.4 mm oversize and threads shall be oiled.
Bolts shall be delivered with nuts run up the full extent of the thread.
All galvanised materials shall be stored on packing, clear of the ground and
away from all materials that might stain or corrode the galvanizing. Black steel
packing or bins shall not be used.

Table T5:
(Values 1.-3. for galvanizing acc. to BS 729, Value 4. acc. to BS-EN-ISO-1461)
1Steel articles, 5mm thick and over [g/m²] (µ m) 900 (126)
.

2Steel articles, under 5mm thick [g/m²] (µ m) 675 (94)


.

3Grey and malleable cast iron [g/m²] (µ m) 900 (126)


.

4Threaded works and other articles which are centrifuged [g/m²] (µ m) 395 (55)
.

2.3.11 AIRCRAFT WARNING


Aircraft warning devices and warning lights shall be fitted on overhead lines in
approaches to airstrips or in the normal flight paths of low-flying aircraft or
where helicopter traffic is present. These devices shall conform to the
requirements of the Civil Aviation Authorities of the Sultanate of Oman and
the recommendations of ICAO, FAA, and CAA.
Refer to Section 2.1.9 for more details.

The warning devices shall be of fibreglass or other suitable material that will
not deform or deteriorate under the climatic conditions in the Sultanate of
Oman. These shall be 600 mm in diameter and coloured International Orange.
The conductor clamps on the devices shall be such that they will not damage
the conductor.

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APPENDIX-A1 – 33kV SINGLE ELM OVERHEAD LINE STRUCTURE


CALCULATION - COLUMN LOADING AND LOAD FIGURES

900N/m 2

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900N/m 2

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900N/m 2

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Load figures for spun concrete pole type Angle / Section (A/S)
Note: valid for single ELM, maximum windload 900N/m² at minimum temperature 5°C.
The table shows admissible tension for each conductor type ELM in kN at 5°C in still air.
The admissible working load of spun concrete pole type A/S is 15kN.
35m 35m
Angle 35m 50m 60m 80m 100m
Case Load figure + 75m + 50m
α [°] span span span span span
span* span*

1 180 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0

3x ELM 3x ELM
α = 180° 170
5,0 / 5,0 /
5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0
Also see cases 5 and 6. 5,0 5,0

5,0 / 5,0 /
160 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 3,7
5,0 5,0

1,9 / 1,9 /
150 5,0 4,1 3,4 2,8 2,3
3,1 4,0

1,9 / 1,9 /
140 3,6 2,7 2,3 2,0 1,7
2,6 3,3
2
1,5 / 1,5 /
130 2,6 2,1 1,9 1,7 -
2,3 2,7

1,5 / 1,5 /
symmetric span lengths 120 2,1 1,9 1,7 - -
2,0 2,4
span span 1,5 /
110 - 1,9 1,65 1,55 - -
2,2

1,5 /
100 - 1,65 1,5 - - -
2,0
3x ELM 3x ELM
α 1,5 /
90 - 1,5 1,4 - - -
1,8
asymmetric span lengths

smaller span longer span


3 90 - - 1,8 1,65 1,6 1,5 -

3x ELM 3x ELM
3x ELM 3x ELM 160 - - 2,0 2,0 1,9 1,75 1,65
α
3x ELM
4 * Different values for tension in
smaller span / longer span.
Case 2 can be determining for 140 - - 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,2 2,0
3x ELM
smaller span (not case 5),
also see cases 5 and 6.
3x ELM 3x ELM
5 - - - 1,9 1,7 1,7 1,6 -
α
used assee
Also small terminal
cases 2, 5 and 6.

3x ELM
6 - - - 2,25 2,25 2,25 2,25 2,25
For example: road crossing
short term load 3x ELM

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example: road crossing
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Load figures for spun concrete pole type Terminal (T)


Note: valid for single ELM, maximum windload 900N/m² at minimum temperature 5°C.
The table shows admissible tension for each conductor type ELM in kN at 5°C in still air.
The admissible working load of spun concrete pole type T is 30kN.
35m 35m
Angle + + 35m 50m 60m 80m 100m
Case Load figure
α [°] 75m 50m span span span span span
span span

1 180 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0


3x ELM 3x ELM
α = 180° 5,0 / 5,0 /
170 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0
5,0 5,0
5,0 / 5,0 /
160 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0
5,0 5,0
5,0 / 5,0 /
150 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0
5,0 5,0
5,0 / 5,0 /
140 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0
5,0 5,0
2 5,0 / 5,0 /
130 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 4,7
5,0 5,0
5,0 / 5,0 /
120 5,0 5,0 5,0 4,7 4,0
symmetric span lengths 5,0 5,0

span 4,5 / 4,5 /


span 110 4,5 4,5 4,5 4,0 3,5
4,5 4,5
smaller span 4,0 / 4,0 /
100 4,0 4,0 4,0 3,5 3,0
4,0 4,0
3x ELM α 3x ELM 3,5 / 3,5 /
90 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,1 2,8
3,5 3,5
asymmetric span lengths
3 longer span 90 - - 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,5

3x ELM 3x ELM
160 - - 3,9 3,9 3,9 3,9 3,9
3x ELM 3x ELM
α 3x ELM
4

3x ELM 140 - - 4,4 4,4 4,4 4,4 4,4

5 - - - 5,0 5,0 5,0 4,1 3,6


α
3x ELM
used as terminal 3x ELM

3x ELM
6 For example: road crossing - - - 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0 5,0

short term load 3x ELM

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APPENDIX B1 - CALCULATION OF WIND SPAN & WEIGHT SPAN FOR


SINGLE POLE STRUCTURE

CALCULATION OF WIND SPAN

LEGEND
q = wind pressure (N/m²)
A = exposed area (m²)
H = height above ground level (m)
F = force (N)
Fequivalent = Equivalent force at 0.15 m from the top of the pole
Bm = Bending moment (Nm)
Force coefficient = 1.0 for poles and insulators,
1.0 for conductors
1.0 for Fibre Optic cable
Shape factor = 1.0 for poles and insulators
1.1 for ELM conductor
1.3 for Willow (Beaver) conductor
1.3 for Fibre Optic Cable
qbasic = Basic wind pressure = 900 N/m²

B1-1 WIND LOAD ON POLES


B1-1.1 WIND PRESSURE ON POLES
qpole = qbasic
qpole = 900 N/m²

B1-1.2 WIND FORCE ON POLES


Cfp = Cf of pole shaft
Cfp = 0,7
Fpole = qpole* Cfp *Apole, with Apole the exposed surface of
the pole above ground level.

B1-1.3 BENDING MOMENT AT GROUND LEVEL DUE TO WIND FORCE ON


POLES
Bmpole = Fpole*1/2*hpole (hpole is height of pole above ground
level)

B1-1.4 EQUIVALENT FORCE AT 0.15 M FROM TOP OF POLES


Fpole equivalent = Bmpole / (hpole-0.15)

B1-2 WIND LOAD ON INSULATORS


B1-2.1 WIND PRESSURE ON INSULATORS
Qinsulator = qbasic
qinsulator = 900 N/m²

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APPENDIX-B1 (Contd.)

B1-2.2 WIND FORCE ON INSULATORS


Finsulator = qinsulator*Ainsulator, with Ainsulator the exposed
surface of the insulator
(Ainsulator = Length * Average diameter)

Average height above ground:


hinsulator = hcrossarm+1/2*insulator length.
(h crossarm is the height of the crossarm above ground level)

B1-2.3 BENDING MOMENT AT GROUND LEVEL DUE TO WIND PRESSURE


ON 3 INSULATORS
Bminsulator = hinsulator *3 * Finsulator
B1-2.4 EQUIVALENT FORCE AT 0.15M FROM TOP OF POLES
Finsulator equivalent = Bminsulator/(hpole-0.15)

B1-3 WIND LOAD ON LINE CONDUCTORS


B1-3.1 WIND PRESSURE ON CONDUCTORS
q conductor = qbasic *shape factor
The shape factor for conductors is dependent on diameter and wind velocity.
practical values are 1.1 for Elm and 1.3 for Willow (Beaver), resulting in :
qelm = 900*1.1 = 990 N/m²
qwillow = 900*1.3 = 1170 N/m²
B1-3.2 WIND FORCE ON CONDUCTORS
Fconductor = q conductor * D conductor* L wind
D conductor = diameter of the conductor (m)
L wind = windspan (m) (to be calculated)
The actual exposed surface of the conductor is slightly larger than
Dconductor * Lwind, as a result of the sag, the difference will be neglected
as it is well within the accuracy of above calculations.
Height of support point
h conductor = hcrossarm + insulator length
B1-3.3 BENDING MOMENT AT GROUND LEVEL DUE TO WIND FORCE ON
3 CONDUCTORS
Bmconductor = hconductor *3 * Fconductor
Fconductor equivalent= Bmconductor/ (hpole-0.15)
The wind load on the crossarm will be neglected as the exposed surface is
small compared to the other elements

APPENDIX-B1 (Contd.)
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B1-4 WIND LOAD ON FIBRE OPTIC CABLE (FOC)


B1-4.1 WIND PRESSURE ON FIBRE OPTIC CABLE
q foc = qbasic *shape factor
q foc = 900*1.3 = 1170 N/m²
B1-4.2 WIND FORCE ON FIBRE OPTIC CABLE
F foc = q foc * D foc* L wind
D foc = diameter of the Fibre Optic Cable (m)
L wind = windspan (m) (to be calculated)
h foc = Ground line to FOC attach point

B1-4.3 BENDING MOMENT AT GROUND LEVEL DUE TO WIND FORCE ON


FIBRE OPTIC CABLE
Bm foc = h foc * 1 * F foc
F foc equivalent = Bm foc / (hpole-0.15)
B1-5 CALCULATION OF MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE WIND SPAN FOR
SINGLE POLE STRUCTURE
By transforming all forces to 0.15 m below the top (location of crossarm), the
equivalent force can be calculated:

Fequivalentpole = Fpole* hinsulator/(hpole-0.15)


Fequivalentinsulator = Finsulator*hinsulator/(hpole-0.15)
Fequivalent conductor= Fconductor*hconductor/(hpole-0.15)
Fequivalent foc = Ffoc * hfoc / (hpole-0.15)
Fequivalent = Feqpole+Feqinsulator+Fconductor+Ffoc

The wind span can be calculated from above formulae.

NOTE : Factors other than pole strength may dictate the Basic Span
Length.

WEIGHT SPAN CALCULATIONS


The weight span applicable to a particular pole position can be calculated from the
following:
Weight Span = 0.5 x (L1 + L2) + T/W x (H1/L1 + H2/L2)
Where:
L1, L2 = Length of adjacent spans (m)
T = Conductor tension at minimum conductor temperature in still air (kgf)
W = Conductor weight (kg)
H1, H2= Difference in elevation of conductor attachment points in adjacent
spans

NOTE: H1 & H2 are positive when the attachment point on the adjacent support is
lower than the attachment point on the structure under consideration.

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APPENDIX B2

STRINGING SAG & TENSION TABLE

B2-1 STRINGING SAG & TENSION TABLES FOR SINGLE ELM


CONDUCTOR - 80m RULING SPAN

Temp. Span Span Span Span Span


Tension
50m 55m 60m 62m 65m
(Deg C) kN Sag (m) Sag (m) Sag (m) Sag (m) Sag (m)
5 5.00 0.36 0.43 0.51 0.55 0.60
10 4.53 0.39 0.48 0.57 0.60 0.66
15 4.14 0.43 0.52 0.62 0.66 0.73
20 3.82 0.47 0.56 0.67 0.72 0.79
25 3.56 0.50 0.61 0.72 0.77 0.85
30 3.33 0.53 0.65 0.77 0.82 0.90
35 3.14 0.57 0.69 0.82 0.87 0.96
40 2.98 0.60 0.72 0.86 0.92 1.01
45 2.83 0.63 0.76 0.91 0.97 1.06
50 2.71 0.66 0.80 0.95 1.01 1.11
55 2.60 0.69 0.83 0.99 1.05 1.16
60 2.50 0.71 0.86 1.03 1.10 1.20
70 2.32 0.77 0.93 1.11 1.18 1.30
80 2.18 0.82 0.99 1.18 1.26 1.38
90 2.06 0.86 1.05 1.25 1.33 1.46

STRINGING SAG & TENSION TABLES FOR SINGLE ELM CONDUCTOR


– 80m RULING SPAN (CONTD).
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Temp. Span Span Span Span Span Span


Tension
68m 70m 72m 75m 78m 80m
Sag Sag Sag Sag Sag
(Deg C) kN Sag (m)
(m) (m) (m) (m) (m)
5 5.00 0.66 0.70 0.74 0.80 0.87 0.91
10 4.53 0.73 0.77 0.82 0.88 0.96 1.01
15 4.14 0.80 0.84 0.89 0.97 1.05 1.10
20 3.82 0.86 0.91 0.97 1.05 1.13 1.19
25 3.56 0.93 0.98 1.04 1.13 1.22 1.28
30 3.33 0.99 1.05 1.11 1.20 1.30 1.37
35 3.14 1.05 1.11 1.18 1.28 1.38 1.46
40 2.98 1.11 1.17 1.24 1.35 1.45 1.54
45 2.83 1.16 1.23 1.31 1.42 1.53 1.62
50 2.71 1.22 1.29 1.36 1.48 1.60 1.69
55 2.60 1.27 1.34 1.42 1.54 1.67 1.76
60 2.50 1.32 1.40 1.48 1.60 1.73 1.84
70 2.32 1.42 1.50 1.59 1.73 1.87 1.97
80 2.18 1.51 1.60 1.69 1.84 1.99 2.10
90 2.06 1.60 1.70 1.79 1.95 2.11 2.22

B2-2 STRINGING SAG & TENSION TABLES FOR SINGLE ELM


CONDUCTOR - 80m RULING SPAN, HERE: LOWER TENSION LEVEL

Temp. Tension Span Span Span Span Span


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50m 55m 60m 62m 65m


(Deg C) kN Sag (m) Sag (m) Sag (m) Sag (m) Sag (m)
5 4.10 0.43 0.53 0.63 0.67 0.73
10 3.80 0.47 0.57 0.68 0.72 0.79
15 3.52 0.51 0.61 0.73 0.78 0.85
20 3.31 0.54 0.65 0.77 0.83 0.91
25 3.12 0.57 0.69 0.82 0.88 0.96
30 2.95 0.60 0.73 0.87 0.93 1.02
35 2.83 0.63 0.76 0.91 0.97 1.06
40 2.70 0.66 0.80 0.95 1.01 1.11
45 2.57 0.69 0.84 1.00 1.06 1.17
50 2.49 0.72 0.87 1.03 1.10 1.21
55 2.40 0.74 0.90 1.07 1.14 1.25
60 2.32 0.77 0.93 1.11 1.18 1.30
70 2.17 0.82 0.99 1.18 1.26 1.39
80 2.06 0.86 1.04 1.24 1.32 1.46
90 1.96 0.91 1.10 1.31 1.40 1.53

Temp. Span Span Span Span Span Span


Tension
68m 70m 72m 75m 78m 80m
Sag Sag Sag Sag Sag
(Deg C) kN Sag (m)
(m) (m) (m) (m) (m)
5 4.10 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.98 1.06 1.11
10 3.80 0.87 0.92 0.97 1.05 1.14 1.20
15 3.52 0.93 0.99 1.05 1.14 1.23 1.29
20 3.31 0.99 1.05 1.11 1.21 1.31 1.38
25 3.12 1.05 1.12 1.18 1.28 1.39 1.46
30 2.95 1.12 1.18 1.25 1.36 1.47 1.54
35 2.83 1.17 1.23 1.31 1.42 1.53 1.62
40 2.70 1.22 1.29 1.37 1.48 1.61 1.70
45 2.57 1.28 1.36 1.43 1.56 1.68 1.77
50 2.49 1.32 1.40 1.48 1.61 1.74 1.84
55 2.40 1.37 1.45 1.54 1.67 1.80 1.91
60 2.32 1.42 1.50 1.59 1.73 1.87 1.98
70 2.17 1.52 1.61 1.70 1.84 2.00 2.11
80 2.06 1.59 1.69 1.79 1.94 2.10 2.23
90 1.96 1.68 1.78 1.88 2.04 2.21 2.35

B2-3 STRINGING SAG & TENSION TABLES FOR SINGLE ELM


CONDUCTOR - 66m RULING SPAN

Temp. Span Span Span Span Span


Tension
45m 48m 50m 52m 55m
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(Deg C) kN Sag (m) Sag (m) Sag (m) Sag (m) Sag (m)
5 3.32 0.44 0.50 0.55 0.59 0.66
10 3.07 0.48 0.55 0.59 0.64 0.72
15 2.86 0.51 0.59 0.63 0.69 0.77
20 2.69 0.55 0.62 0.68 0.73 0.82
25 2.54 0.58 0.66 0.72 0.77 0.87
30 2.41 0.61 0.69 0.75 0.82 0.91
35 2.30 0.64 0.73 0.79 0.86 0.96
40 2.20 0.67 0.76 0.83 0.89 1.00
45 2.11 0.70 0.79 0.86 0.93 1.04
50 2.03 0.72 0.82 0.89 0.97 1.08
55 1.96 0.75 0.85 0.93 1.00 1.12
60 1.90 0.78 0.88 0.96 1.04 1.16
65 1.84 0.80 0.91 0.99 1.07 1.20
70 1.79 0.82 0.94 1.02 1.10 1.23
75 1.74 0.85 0.96 1.05 1.13 1.27
80 1.69 0.87 0.99 1.07 1.16 1.30
90 1.60 0.91 1.04 1.11 1.22 1.36

STRINGING SAG & TENSION TABLES FOR SINGLE ELM


CONDUCTOR – 66m RULING SPAN (CONTD.)

Temp. Span Span Span Span


Tension Span 66m
58m 60m 62m 64m
(Deg C) kN Sag (m) Sag (m) Sag (m) Sag (m) Sag (m)
5 3.32 0.74 0.79 0.84 0.90 0.95
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10 3.07 0.80 0.85 0.91 0.97 1.03


15 2.86 0.85 0.91 0.98 1.04 1.11
20 2.69 0.91 0.97 1.04 1.11 1.18
25 2.54 0.96 1.03 1.10 1.17 1.25
30 2.41 1.01 1.09 1.16 1.24 1.31
35 2.30 1.06 1.14 1.22 1.30 1.38
40 2.20 1.11 1.19 1.27 1.35 1.44
45 2.11 1.16 1.24 1.32 1.41 1.50
50 2.03 1.20 1.29 1.37 1.46 1.56
55 1.96 1.25 1.33 1.42 1.52 1.61
60 1.90 1.29 1.38 1.47 1.57 1.67
65 1.84 1.33 1.42 1.52 1.62 1.72
70 1.79 1.37 1.47 1.57 1.67 1.77
75 1.74 1.41 1.51 1.61 1.72 1.82
80 1.69 1.45 1.55 1.65 1.76 1.87
90 1.60 1.53 1.63 1.73 1.84 1.96

B2-4 STRINGING SAG & TENSION TABLES FOR SINGLE ELM


CONDUCTOR - 100m RULING SPAN

Temp. Span Span Span Span Span


Tension
80m 85m 90m 95m 100m
(Deg C) kN Sag (m) Sag (m) Sag (m) Sag (m) Sag (m)
5 4.97 0.92 1.04 1.15 1.29 1.44
10 4.62 0.99 1.11 1.25 1.39 1.54
15 4.33 1.05 1.19 1.33 1.48 1.65
20 4.08 1.12 1.26 1.41 1.58 1.75
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25 3.86 1.18 1.33 1.50 1.67 1.85


30 3.66 1.25 1.41 1.58 1.76 1.95
35 3.50 1.30 1.47 1.65 1.84 2.05
40 3.35 1.36 1.54 1.72 1.92 2.14
45 3.21 1.42 1.60 1.80 2.00 2.23
50 3.09 1.48 1.67 1.87 2.08 2.31
55 2.99 1.53 1.72 1.93 2.15 2.40
60 2.89 1.58 1.78 2.00 2.22 2.48
70 2.72 1.68 1.89 2.12 2.36 2.64
80 2.57 1.77 2.00 2.25 2.50 2.79
90 2.45 1.86 2.10 2.36 2.63 2.94

B2-5 STRINGING SAG & TENSION TABLES FOR SINGLE WILLOW


CONDUCTOR 100m RULING SPAN

Temp. Span Span Span Span Span


Tension
50m 55m 60m 65m 70m
(Deg C) kN Sag (m) Sag (m) Sag (m) Sag (m) Sag (m)
5 5.13 0.15 0.18 0.21 0.25 0.29
10 4.63 0.16 0.20 0.23 0.28 0.32
15 4.17 0.18 0.22 0.26 0.31 0.35
20 3.74 0.20 0.24 0.29 0.34 0.40
25 3.35 0.22 0.27 0.32 0.38 0.44
30 3.02 0.25 0.30 0.36 0.42 0.49
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35 2.73 0.28 0.33 0.40 0.47 0.54


40 2.48 0.30 0.37 0.44 0.51 0.60
45 2.27 0.33 0.40 0.48 0.56 0.65
50 2.10 0.36 0.44 0.52 0.61 0.71
55 1.95 0.39 0.47 0.56 0.65 0.76
60 1.82 0.41 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.81
65 1.71 0.44 0.53 0.63 0.74 0.86
70 1.62 0.47 0.56 0.67 0.79 0.91
75 1.54 0.49 0.59 0.70 0.83 0.96
80 1.47 0.51 0.62 0.74 0.87 1.01
90 1.35 0.56 0.68 0.80 0.94 1.10

STRINGING SAG & TENSION TABLES FOR SINGLE WILLOW


CONDUCTOR – 100m RULING SPAN (CONTD.)

Temp. Span Span Span Span Span Span


Tension
72m 75m 78m 80m 82m 85m
Sag Sag Sag Sag Sag
(Deg C) kN Sag (m)
(m) (m) (m) (m) (m)
5 5.13 0.30 0.33 0.36 0.38 0.40 0.42
10 4.63 0.34 0.37 0.40 0.42 0.44 0.47
15 4.17 0.38 0.41 0.44 0.46 0.49 0.52
20 3.74 0.42 0.45 0.49 0.52 0.54 0.58
25 3.35 0.47 0.51 0.55 0.58 0.60 0.65
30 3.02 0.52 0.56 0.61 0.64 0.67 0.72
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35 2.73 0.57 0.62 0.67 0.71 0.74 0.80


40 2.48 0.63 0.68 0.74 0.78 0.82 0.88
45 2.27 0.69 0.75 0.81 0.85 0.89 0.96
50 2.10 0.75 0.81 0.88 0.92 0.97 1.04
55 1.95 0.80 0.87 0.94 0.99 1.04 1.12
60 1.82 0.86 0.93 1.01 1.06 1.11 1.20
65 1.71 0.91 0.99 1.07 1.13 1.18 1.27
70 1.62 0.96 1.05 1.13 1.19 1.25 1.34
75 1.54 1.02 1.10 1.19 1.25 1.32 1.42
80 1.47 1.06 1.16 1.25 1.31 1.38 1.48
90 1.35 1.16 1.26 1.36 1.43 1.50 1.62

STRINGING SAG & TENSION TABLES FOR SINGLE WILLOW CONDUCTOR


- 100m RULING SPAN (CONTD.)

Temp. Span Span Span Span Span Span


Tension
88m 90m 92m 95m 98m 100m
Sag Sag Sag Sag Sag
(Deg C) kN Sag (m)
(m) (m) (m) (m) (m)
5 5.13 0.46 0.48 0.50 0.53 0.56 0.59
10 4.63 0.50 0.53 0.55 0.59 0.63 0.65
15 4.17 0.56 0.59 0.61 0.65 0.70 0.72
20 3.74 0.62 0.65 0.68 0.73 0.77 0.81
25 3.35 0.70 0.73 0.76 0.81 0.86 0.90
30 3.02 0.77 0.81 0.85 0.90 0.96 1.00
35 2.73 0.86 0.90 0.94 1.00 1.06 1.11

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40 2.48 0.94 0.99 1.03 1.10 1.17 1.22


45 2.27 1.03 1.08 1.12 1.20 1.28 1.33
50 2.10 1.11 1.17 1.22 1.30 1.38 1.44
55 1.95 1.20 1.25 1.31 1.40 1.49 1.55
60 1.82 1.28 1.34 1.40 1.49 1.59 1.66
65 1.71 1.36 1.43 1.49 1.59 1.69 1.76
70 1.62 1.44 1.51 1.57 1.68 1.79 1.86
75 1.54 1.52 1.59 1.66 1.77 1.88 1.96
80 1.47 1.59 1.66 1.74 1.85 1.97 2.05
90 1.35 1.73 1.81 1.89 2.02 2.15 2.24

APPENDIX B3
CALCULATION OF CROSS ARM TYPE AC FOR INTERMEDIATE SINGLE
CONCRETE POLE STRUCTURE
B3-1 STRENGTH OF CROSS ARM
Max. Permissible Bending Stress (Bs) in N/mm² = Yield Strength of steel / 1, 1
= 355 / 1, 1 = 322, 7 N/mm2
Bs*Section modulus of angle in cm³ = 322, 7 x 24.8cm3
(100x100x10mm Angle)
Max. Permissible Bending Moment (Bm) = 8003 Nm (100x100x10mm Angle)
Bs*Section modulus of angle in cm³ = 322, 7 x 29.4cm3(100x100x12mm Angle)
Max. Permissible Bending Moment (Bm) = 9487 Nm (100x100x12mm
Angle)
B3-2 APPLIED BENDING MOMENTS
Bending moment due to wind = (Wind pressure on conductor x
insulator length + wind
pressure on insulator x

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insulator length / 2) x cos


(angle of deviation / 2)
Bending moment due to weight = Conductor weight x cross arm
length / 2 insulator weight x
cross arm length / 2+cross arm
weight x cross arm length /4
Bending moment due to conductor tension = Conductor tension x 2 x insulator length
X sin (angle of deviation/2)
Bending moment due to wind + Bending =≤ Bm (permissible Bending moment) Nm
Moment due to weight + Bending
Moment due to Conductor Tension
Bending Moment due to Wind = 1, 35*[(900N/m2 x 80m x
0.0188m x 1.1 x 0.665) +
(900N/m2 x ((0.120+0.073)/2) x
0.665) x (0.665/2) x cos (5o/2)]
= 1, 35*(990Nm + 19Nm) =
1362Nm
Bending Moment due to Weight = 1, 35*[(120 x 0.58 x 9.81 x
2.7/2) + (9kg x 9.81 x 2.7 /2) +
(15kg x 9.81 x 2.7/4)]
= 1, 35*(922 + 119 + 99)
= 1539 Nm
Bending Moment due to conductor tension = 1, 35*[1900 x 2 x 9.81 x 0.665m x sin (5o/2)]
= 1461 Nm
Total Bending Moment = 1362 + 1539 +1461
= 4362 Nm

= 4362 Nm < 8003 Nm


Usage Factor of channel 100x100x10 = 4362 Nm /8003 Nm = 0,545<1,0

APPENDIX H : 33kV OVERHEAD LINE STANDARD DRAWINGS

PDO Standard
description of PDO drg Comment
Drawing
STD-4-1601-001 SINGLE ELM 33kV,
INTERMEDIATE I (11)
STD-4-1601-002 SINGLE ELM 33kV,
INTERMEDIATE I (12)
STD-4-1601-003 SINGLE ELM 33kV,
INTERMEDIATE I (13)
STD-4-1601-004 SINGLE ELM 33kV,
INTERMEDIATE I (14)
STD-4-1601-005 SINGLE ELM 33kV,
INTERMEDIATE I (15)
STD-4-1601-006 SINGLE ELM 33kV,
INTERMEDIATE I (16)

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STD-4-1601-007 SINGLE ELM 33kV,


INTERMEDIATE I (17)
STD-4-1601-008 SINGLE ELM 33kV,
INTERMEDIATE I (12)
STD-4-1601-009 33kV SINGLE ELM OVERVIEW
INTERMEDIATE I
STD-4-1602-001 OVERHEAD TRANSM. LINE
ANGLE / SECTION A/S (12)
SINGLE ELM 33kV, PDO OMAN
STD-4-1602-002 OVERHEAD TRANSM. LINE
ANGLE / SECTION A/S (14)
SINGLE ELM 33kV, PDO OMAN
STD-4-1602-003 OVERHEAD TRANSM. LINE
ANGLE / SECTION A/S (16)
SINGLE ELM 33kV, PDO OMAN
STD-4-1602-004 OVERHEAD TRANSM. LINE
ANGLE / SECTION A/S (18)
SINGLE ELM 33kV, PDO OMAN
STD-4-1602-005 OVERHEAD TRANSM. LINE
ANGLE / SECTION A/S (20)
SINGLE ELM 33kV, PDO OMAN
STD-4-1602-006 OVERHEAD TRANSM. LINE
ANGLE / SECTION A/S (21)
SINGLE ELM 33kV, PDO OMAN
STD-4-1602-007 OVERHEAD TRANSM. LINE
ANGLE / SECTION A/S (22)
SINGLE ELM 33kV, PDO OMAN
STD-4-1602-008 OVERHEAD TRANSM. LINE
ANGLE / SECTION A/S (14)
SINGLE ELM 33kV, PDO OMAN
STD-4-1602-009 33kV SINGLE ELM
GUARD POLE GP (18)
STD-4-1602-010 33kV SINGLE ELM OVERVIEW
ANGELE SECTION A/S
STD-4-1603-001 SINGLE ELM 33kV
TERMINAL T (12)
STD-4-1603-002 SINGLE ELM 33kV
TERMINAL T (13)
STD-4-1603-003 SINGLE ELM 33kV
TERMINAL T (14)
STD-4-1603-004 SINGLE ELM 33kV
TERMINAL T (16)
STD-4-1603-005 SINGLE ELM 33kV
TERMINAL T (14)
STD-4-1603-006 33kV SINGLE ELM OVERVIEW
TERMINAL T
STD-4-1604-001 SINGLE ELM 33kV WITH 3x1 CORE
CABLE EXIT + FOC,
ASSEMBLY OF TYPE E2A -
TERMINAL T (14)

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STD-4-1605-001 SINGLE ELM 33kV WITH 1x3 CORE


CABLE EXIT,
ASSEMBLY OF TYPE E1A -
TERMINAL T (14)
STD-4-1606-001 SINGLE ELM 33kV WITH 1x3 CORE
CABLE EXIT + FOC,
ASSEMBLY OF TYPE E1A -
TERMINAL T (14)
STD-4-1607-001 SINGLE ELM 33kV WITH 3x1 CORE
CABLE EXIT + SURGE DIV. + FOC,
ASSEMBLY OF TYPE E2 -
TERMINAL T (14)
STD-4-1608-001 SINGLE ELM 33kV WITH 3x1 CORE
CABLE EXIT + SURGE DIV.,
ASSEMBLY OF TYPE E2 -
TERMINAL T (14)
STD-4-1609-001 SINGLE ELM 33kV WITH 1x3 CORE
CABLE EXIT + SURGE DIV. + FOC,
ASSEMBLY OF TYPE E1 -
TERMINAL T (14)
STD-4-1610-001 SINGLE ELM 33kV WITH 1x3 CORE
CABLE EXIT AND SURGE DIV.,
ASSEMBLY OF TYPE E1 -
TERMINAL T (14)
STD-4-1611-001 SINGLE ELM 33kV WITHOUT
SURGE DIV. FOR OHL WITH FOC,
ASSEMBLY OF TYPE D2A -
TERMINAL T (14)
STD-4-1612-001 SINGLE ELM 33kV WITH COMB.
DISC.&D.O.FUSE WITHOUT S.DIV.,
ASSEMBLY OF TYPE D2 -
TERMINAL T (14)
STD-4-1613-001 SINGLE ELM 33kV WITH COMB.
DISC. & DROP OUT FUSE,
ASSEMBLY OF TYPE D2 -
TERMINAL T (14)
STD-4-1614-001 FIELD ISOLATOR STRUCTURE,
ASSEMBLY FOR TYPE F - A/S (14)
STD-4-1615-001 SINGLE ELM 33kV,
ASSEMBLY - ANGLE A/S (14)
STD-4-1616-001 SINGLE ELM 33kV FIELD ISO.
STRUC. FOR OHL WITH FOC
ASSEMBLY OF TYPE F -
TERMINAL T (14)
STD-4-1617-001 SINGLE ELM 33kV
ASSEMBLY - SECTION A/S (14)
STD-4-1618-001 SINGLE ELM 33kV
INTERMEDIATE I (12)
STD-4-1619-001 SINGLE ELM 33kV WITH 3x1 CORE
CABLE EXIT
ASSEMBLY OF TYPE E2A -
TERMINAL T (14)

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STD-4-1620-001 SINGLE ELM 33kV WITH COMB.


DISCONNECTOR & DROP OUT
FUSE ASSEMBLY OF TYPE D5 -
THROUGH POLE STRUCTURE
STD-4-1621-001 SINGLE ELM 33kV WITH
COMB.DISC.&D.O.FUSE WITHOUT
S.DIV.
ASSEMBLY OF TYPE D5 -
THROUGH POLE STRUCTURE
STD-4-1622-001 SINGLE ELM 33kV WITH
COMB.DISC. WITH S.DIV. FOR
OHL + FOC
ASSEMBLY OF TYPE D5 -
THROUGH POLE STRUCTURE
STD-4-1623-001 SINGLE ELM 33kV WITH
COMB.DISC. W.O. S.DIV. FOR OHL
+ FOC ASSEMBLY
OF TYPE D5 - THROUGH POLE
STRUCTURE
STD-4-1624-001 SINGLE ELM 33kV WITH FOC, 1x3
CORE CAB. AND SURGE DIV.
ASSEMBLY OF TYPE FE1 -
TERMINAL T (14)
STD-4-1625-001 SINGLE ELM 33kV WITH FOC, 1x3
CORE CAB. WITHOUT SUR. DIV.
ASSEMBLY OF TYPE FE1 -
TERMINAL T (14)
STD-4-1626-001 SINGLE ELM 33kV WITH 3x1 CORE
CAB. EXIT + SURGE DIV. + FOC
ASSEMBLY OF TYPE FE1 -
TERMINAL T (14)
STD-4-1627-001 SINGLE ELM 33kV WITH 3x1 CORE
CAB. EXIT + FOC
ASSEMBLY OF TYPE FE2 -
TERMINAL T (14)
STD-4-1628-001 SINGLE ELM 33kV
AUTORECLOSER TYPE NU-LEC
ASSEMBLY STRUCTURE
STD-4-1628-002 SINGLE ELM 33kV
AUTORECLOSER TYPE ENTEC
ASSEMBLY STRUCTURE
STD-4-1629-001 SINGLE ELM 33kV TERMINAL FOR
ROAD CROSSER ASSEMBLY
STRUCTURE
STD-4-1630-001 EARTHING SET
FOR OHL 33kV
STD-4-1630-002 DETAIL OF THE FOOT OF THE
POLE WITH
EARTHING SYSTEM
STD-4-1630-003 33 kV O/H LINE POLES
EARTHING SYSTEM

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STD-4-1631-001 CROSS ARM TYPE - AC


33kV SINGLE ELM
L=2.8m, FOR SPAN LENGTH 100m
STD-4-1631-002 CROSS ARM TYPE - BC
33kV SINGLE ELM 3.2m
STD-4-1631-003 CROSS ARM TYPE - TC FOR
TERMINAL 33kV SINGLE ELM 3.2m
STD-4-1631-004 CROSS ARM FOR FIELD
ISOLATOR 33kV SINGLE
ELM 3.2m
STD-4-1631-005 CROSS ARM FOR MORRIS
EQUIPMENT
ASSEMBLY FOR TERMINAL (T)
POLES
STD-4-1631-006 CROSS ARM FOR SURGE
DIVERTER
ASSEMBLY FOR TERMINAL (T)
POLES
STD-4-1631-007 CROSS ARM FOR
AUTORECLOSER TYPE NU-LEC
STD-4-1631-008 CROSS ARM FOR
AUTORECLOSER TYPE ENTEC
STD-4-1631-009 CROSS ARM FOR THROUGH
POLE 33kV SINGLE ELM 3.2m
STD-4-1631-010 CROSS ARM FOR FIELD
ISOLATOR 33kV SINGLE ELM
3.2m FOR POLETYPE "T"
STD-4-1632-001 COVER PLATE FOR POLE TOP
TOP ø220
STD-4-1632-002 COVER PLATE FOR POLE TOP
TOP ø460
STD-4-1632-003 COVER PLATE FOR POLE TOP
TOP ø370
STD-4-1632-004 COVER PLATE FOR POLE TOP
TOP ø340
STD-4-1632-005 COVER PLATE FOR POLE TOP
TOP ø310, GUARD POLE
STD-4-1633-001 CABLE STAND-OFF BRACKET
ASSEMBLY FOR TERMINAL (T)
POLES
STD-4-1634-001 CLAMP FOR FOC
ASSEMBLY FOR ANGLE (A/S)
POLES
STD-4-1634-002 CLAMP FOR FOC
ASSEMBLY FOR TERMINAL (T)
POLES
STD-4-1634-003 CLAMP FOR PIPE SUPPORT
ASSEMBLY FOR TERMINAL (T)
POLES
STD-4-1634-004 CLAMP FOR SINGLE CABLE
33kV SINGLE ELM

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STD-4-1635-001 SADDLE FOR PVC PIPES &


CABLES, FLAT SURFACE
MOUNTING
33kV SINGLE ELM
STD-4-1635-002 SADDLE FOR CABLES
FLAT SURFACE MOUNTING
33kV SINGLE ELM
STD-4-1636-001 ASSEMBLY OF MOUNTING FOR
GUARD PIPE
STD-4-1637-001 GUARD PIPE Wall thickness 4mm defined
STD-4-1638-001 FIBRE OPTIC CABLE ASSEMBLY
FOR SECTION (A/S) POLES
STD-4-1638-002 FIBRE OPTIC CABLE DIELECTRIC
SUPPORT
ASSEMBLY FOR INTERMEDIATE
POLE
STD-4-1638-003 FIBRE OPTIC CABLE ASSEMBLY
FOR ANGLE (A/S) POLES
STD-4-1638-004 FIBRE OPTIC CABLE ASSEMBLY
FOR TERMINAL (T) POLES
STD-4-1638-005 FIBRE OPTIC CABLE ASSEMBLY
FOR TERMINAL (T) POLES
STD-4-1638-006 FIBRE OPTIC CABLE MOUNTING
SUPPORT DETAILS
STD-4-1638-007 FIBRE OPTIC CABLE
TERMINATION ASSEMBLY
FOR CABLE JOINTING &
BRANCHING
STD-4-1639-001 POLE FOUNDATION DETAILS
33kV SINGLE ELM
STD-4-1640-001 PROTECTION OF POLES IN
WADIS 33kV SINGLE ELM
STD-4-1641-001 FIBRE OPTIC CABLE
SEPARATION ON POLE
33kV OHL SINGLE ELM
CONDUCTOR
STD-4-1642-001 MIINOR AND SERVICE ROAD
CROSSING OVERHAD LINE
PROFILE AND CLEARANCES
33kV SINGLE ELM
STD-4-1642-002 MAIN AND GRADED ROAD
CROSSING OVERHAD LINE
PROFILE AND CLEARANCES
33kV SINGLE ELM
STD-4-1643-001 MIINOR AND SERVICE ROAD
CROSSING LINE
ARRANGEMENT AND DETAIL OF
GUARD POLE
33kV SINGLE ELM
STD-4-1643-002 MAIN AND GRADED ROAD
CROSSING LINE ARRANGEMENT
AN DDETAIL OF GUARD POLE
33kV SINGLE ELM

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STD-4-1644-001 OHL LINE ARRANGEMENT AND


DETAIL OF CROSSING GUARD
STD-4-1644-002 132kV LINE ARRANGEMENT AND
DETAIL OF CROSSING GUARD
STD-4-1645-001 33kV SINGLE ELM
OHL POLE IDENTIFICATION CODE
PLATE
STD-4-1645-002 O/H LINE POLE IDENTIFICATION
CODE PLATE
STD-4-1645-003 DANGER PLATE
OVERHEAD LINE CONCRETE
POLES
STD-4-1645-004 PHASE PLATE
STD-4-1645-005 O/H LINE POLE IDENTIFICATION
CODE PLATE

APPENDIX J – GLOSSARY OF DEFINITIONS, TERMS AND


ABBREVIATIONS

For the purpose of this document, the following definitions shall apply.

General Terminology

Company - Petroleum Development Oman LLC of Muscat, Sultanate of


Oman
Consultant - A party to a Contract with the Company or Contractor who is
responsible for providing design, engineering, and other
related consultancy services under a Contract
Contractor - A party to a Contract with the Company who is responsible
for the construction, commissioning and other related works
specified in the Contract. On occasion, a Contractor may be
responsible for the duties of both Consultant and Contractor
Manufacturer -
A party responsible for the manufacture of material or
equipment to perform the duties specified by the Consultant,
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Contractor or the Company


May - The word 'may' is to be understood as indicating a possible
course of action
Shall - The word 'shall' is to be understood as mandatory
Should - The word 'should' is to be understood as strongly
recommended
User - A qualified engineer, Consultant or Contractor who applies
these standards in the execution of a PDO project or Contract
Vendor/supplier - The party responsible for the manufacture of materials,
equipment or product related services in accordance with the
purchase order issued by the Consultant, Contractor or its
nominated purchasing office

Technical Terminology
Basic Span - The Span length assumed as an equivalent span for a
complete overhead line consisting of many sections.
Equivalent Span - The span length adopted for sag / tension calculations for a
particular line section.
Sag - The vertical distance, under any system of conductor
loading, between the conductor and a straight line joining
adjacent supporting joints.
Section - The portion of an overhead line between two fully supported
tension points.
Span Length - The horizontal distance between adjacent supports.
Weight Span - The horizontal distance between the lowest points of the
conductor on two adjacent spans.
Wind Span - Half of the sum of the spans adjacent to a particular support.

APPENDIX C1 : 33kV OVERHEAD LINE CALCULATION FOR SINGLE


ELM WITHOUT FIBRE OPTIC CABLE ON INTERMEDIATE SINGLE
POLE STRUCTURE

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ELM conductor details


Number of phases ncp 3
Number of conductors per
phase n 1
Diameter of conductor dc 18,8 mm
Wind force coefficient of
conductor Cfc 1,1
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Weight of conductor per metre wc 5,69 N/m


Basic span lb 80 m
Wind span (normal working
conditions) lwn 80 m
wind span (broken wire
conditions) lwb 60 m
Weight span (normal working
conditions) lwt 120 m
Weight span (broken wire
conditions) lwtb 90 m
Σ weight of conductors Wcd = wc*lwt*ncp*n 2,05 kN

Insulator details
Number of post insulators np 3
Outer dia. of post insulator dpout 120 mm
Inner dia. of post insulator dpin 73 mm
Average dia. of post insulator dpavg = (dpin + dpout ) / 2 97 mm
Length of post insulator hp 665 mm
Cf of post insulator Cfi 1
Weight of post insulator wp 88 N
Σ weight of insulators Wi = wp*np 0,26 kN
Wind pressure
...on pole fwp 900 N/m2
...on conductors & insulators fw 900 N/m2
Pole details
spun concrete
Type Intermediate I(12)
Total height hp 12 m
Planting depth pd 1,8 m
Diameter of top Dpt 220 mm
Diameter of base Dpb = Dpt + 15*hp 400 mm
Dia. at ground level dpg = Dpb -15*pd 373 mm
Cf of pole shaft Cfp 0,7
Wind surface above ground
level Apole 2,12 m2
Wall thickness at top thpt 56 mm
Wall thickness at base thpb 68 mm
At = π / 4 * (Dpt2 - (Dpt -
Area of pole at top 2*thpt)2) 0,0289 m2
Ab = π / 4 * (Dpb2 - (Dpb -
Area of pole at bottom 2*thpb)2) 0,0709 m2
Weight of pole Wp = (At+Ab)/2*hp*25*1,02 15,27 kN
Crossarm details
Length of crossarm Lc 2,60 m
Number of crossarms Nc 1
Length of struts Lcs 0,71 m
Number of struts Ncs 2
Weight of crossarm per metre Wm 0,150 kN/m
Weight of struts per metre Wms 0,0963 kN/m
Wc =
Σ weight of crossarm type A 1,2*(Lc*Nc*Wm+Lcs*Ncs*Wms) 0,63 kN
Distance to top of pole dist 0,1 m
Wind forces & bending

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moments
Wind force on conductor Fc = ncp*n*dc*Cfc*lwn*fw 4,4669 kN
Wind force on post insulator Fpi = np*Cfi*fw*(dpavg*hp) 0,1733 kN
Wind force on pole Fpole = Apole*fwp 1,9053 kN
Height above ground level...
...of wind force on conductor hFc = hp-pd-dist+hp 10,765 m
...of wind force on post insulator hFpi = hp-pd-dist+hp/2 10,433 m
hApole = (Dpt*2+dpg)/
...of wind force on pole (Dpt+dpg)*(hp-pd)/3 4,66 m
Bending moment at ground
level...
...due to wind on conductors Bmconductor = Fc*hFc 48,086 kNm
...due to wind on post insulators Bmpi = Fpi*hFpi 1,81 kNm
...due to wind on pole Bmpole = Fpole*hApole 8,88 kNm
Σ wind force at grond level F = Fc+Fpi+Fpole 6,55 kN
Σ bending moment at grond
level Mb 58,77 kNm
Simplified verification of a pile foundation
Characteristic bending moment at ground level 58,77 kNm
Characteristic shear force at ground level 6,55 kN
Bending moment at fulcrum
point 66,62 kNm
Bending moment at fulcrum point = 58,8kNm + 1,80m * 2/3 * 6,5kN
= 66,6kNm
Soil type (ls, md, ds, r) md
Bearing capacity of soil 350 kN/m²
Depth of foundation 1,80 m
Diameter of foundation 0,80 m
Outer resistance moment of the foundation Mg 136,1 kNm
Outer resistance moment = 350kN/m² * 0,80m * (1,80m)³ / 12 =
136,1kNm
Existing global outer safety of the foundation (stability) 2,04
Existing outer global safety = 136,1kNm / 66,6kNm = 2,04

Loose soil 200 kN/m² ls


Medium dense soil 350 kN/m² md
Dense soil 500 kN/m² ds
Hard rock 2100 kN/m² r
Verification of bearing load (soil pressure) below pole base
Total structure & conductor
weight WT = Wc+Wi+Wp+Wcd 18,21 kN
Existing bearing load (soil
pressure) BLPB = WT / Ab 257 kN/m2
Allow. bearing load 400 kN/m2
APPENDIX C2
33kV OVERHEAD LINE CALCULATION FOR SINGLE ELM WITH FIBRE
OPTIC CABLE ON INTERMEDIATE SINGLE POLE STRUCTURE

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ELM conductor details


Number of phases ncp 3
Number of conductors per phase n 1
Diameter of conductor dc 18,8 mm
Wind force coefficient of conductor Cfc 1,1
Weight of conductor per metre wc 5,69 N/m
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Basic span lb 66 m
Wind span (normal working
conditions) lwn 66 m
Wind span (broken wire conditions) lwb 50 m
Weight span (normal working
conditions) lwt 100 m
Weight span (broken wire conditions) lwtb 75 m
Σ weight of conductors Wcd = wc*lwt*ncp*n 1,71 kN
Fibre optic cable (FOC) details
Number of fibre optic cable nfo 1
Diameter of optic cable df 15,0 mm
Wind force coefficient of optic cable Cfo 1,3
Weight of optic cable per metre wf 1,77 N/m
Tension in optic cable Tf 6,13 kN
Height of optic cable above ground hf m
Σ weight of fibre optic cable Wfoc = wf*lwt*nfo 0,18 kN
Insulator details
Number of post insulators np 3
Outer dia. of post insulator dpout 120 mm
Inner dia. of post insulator dpin 73 mm
Average dia. of post insulator dpavg = (dpin + dpout ) / 2 97 mm
Length of post insulator hp 665 mm
Cf of post insulator Cfi 1
Weight of post insulator wp 88 N
Σ weight of insulators Wi = wp*np 0,26 kN
Wind pressure
...on pole fwp 900 N/m2
...on conductors & insulators fw 900 N/m2
...on FO cable ffoc 900 N/m2
Pole details
spun concrete
Type Intermediate I(12)
Total height hp 12 m
Planting depth pd 1,8 m
Diameter of top Dpt 220 mm
Diameter of base Dpb = Dpt + 15*hp 400 mm
Diameter at ground level dpg = Dpb -15*pd 373 mm
Cf pole shaft Cfp 0,7
Wind surface above ground level Apole 2,12 m2
Wall thickness at top thpt 56 mm
Wall thickness at base thpb 68 mm
Area of pole at top At = π / 4 * (Dpt2 - (Dpt - 2*thpt)2) 0,0289 m2
Ab = π / 4 * (Dpb2 - (Dpb -
Area of pole at bottom 2*thpb)2) 0,0709 m2
Weight of pole Wp = (At+Ab)/2*hp*25*1,02 15,27 kN
Crossarm details
Length of crossarm Lc 2,60 m
Number of crossarms Nc 1
Length of struts Lcs 0,71 m
Number of struts Ncs 2
Weight of crossarm per metre Wm 0,150 kN/m
Weight of struts per metre Wms 0,0963 kN/m
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Wc=1,2*(Lc*Nc*Wm+Lcs*Ncs*Wms
Σ weight of crossarm type A ) 0,63 kN
Distance to top of pole dist 0,1 m
Wind forces & bending moments
Wind force on conductor Fc = ncp*n*dc*Cfc*lwn*fw 3,6852 kN
Wind force on post insulator Fpi = np*Cfi*fw*(dpavg*hp) 0,1733 kN
Wind force on fibre optic cable Ffoc = ffoc*nfo*df*Cfo*lwn 1,1583 kN
Wind force on pole Fpole = Apole*fwp 1,9053 kN
Height above ground level...
...of wind force on conductor hFc = hp-pd-dist+hp 10,765 m
...of wind force on post insulator hFpi = hp-pd-dist+hp/2 10,433 m
...of wind force on FO cable hf 7,7 m
hApole = (Dpt*2+dpg)/(Dpt+dpg)*(hp-
...of wind force on pole pd)/3 4,66 m
Bending moment at ground level...
...due to wind on conductors Bmconductor = Fc*hFc 39,671 kNm
...due to wind on post insulators Bmpi = Fpi*hFpi 1,81 kNm
...due to wind on FO cable Bmfoc = Ffoc*hf 8,92 kNm
...due to wind on pole Bmpole = Fpole*hApole 8,88 kNm
Σ wind force at grond level F = Fc+Fpi+Fpole 6,92 kN
Σ bending moment at grond level Mb 59,11 kNm
Simplified verification of a pile foundation
Characteristic bending moment at ground level 59,11 kNm
Characteristic shear force at ground level 6,92 kN
Bending moment at fulcrum point 67,58 kNm
Bending moment at fulcrum point = 59,1kNm + 1,80m * 2/3 * 6,9kN =
67,4kNm
Soil type (ls, md, ds, r) md
Bearing capacity of soil 350 kN/m²
Depth of foundation 1,80 m
Diameter of foundation 0,80 m
Outer resistance moment of the foundation Mg 136,1 kNm
Outer resistance moment = 350kN/m² * 0,80m * (1,80m)³ / 12 = 136,1kNm
Existing global outer safety of the foundation (stability) 2,01
Existing outer global safety = 136,1kNm / 67,4kNm = 2,02
Loose soil 200 kN/m² ls
Medium dense soil 350 kN/m² md
Dense soil 500 kN/m² ds
Hard rock 2100 kN/m² r
Verification of bearing load (soil pressure) below pole base
Total structure & conductor weight WT = Wc+Wi+Wp+Wcd+Wfoc 18,05 kN
Existing bearing load (soil pressure) BLPB = WT / Ab 254 kN/m2
Allow. bearing load 400 kN/m2
APPENDIX C3
33kV OVERHEAD LINE CALCULATION FOR SINGLE ELM WITHOUT
FIBRE OPTIC CABLE ON INTERMEDIATE SINGLE POLE STRUCTURE

ELM conductor details


Number of phases ncp 3

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Number of conductors per


phase n 1
Diameter of conductor dc 18,8 mm
Wind force coefficient of
conductor Cfc 1,1
Weight of conductor per metre wc 5,69 N/m
Basic span lb 100 m
Wind span (normal working
conditions) lwn 100 m
Wind span (broken wire
conditions) lwb 75 m
Weight span (normal working
conditions) lwt 120 m
Weight span (broken wire
conditions) lwtb 90 m
Σ weight of conductors Wcd = wc*lwt*ncp*n 2,05 kN
Insulator details
Number of post insulators np 3
Outer dia. of post insulator dpout 120 mm
Inner dia. of post insulator dpin 73 mm
Average dia. of post insulator dpavg = (dpin + dpout ) / 2 97 mm
Length of post insulator hp 665 mm
Cf of post insulator Cfi 1
Weight of post insulator wp 88 N
Σ weight of insulators Wi = wp*np 0,26 kN
Wind pressure
...on pole fwp 900 N/m2
...on conductors & insulators fw 900 N/m2
Pole details
spun concrete
Type Intermediate I(12)
Total height hp 12 m
Planting depth pd 1,9 m
Diameter top Dpt 220 mm
Diameter base Dpb = Dpt + 15*hp 400 mm
Dia. at ground level dpg = Dpb -15*pd 371,5 mm
Cf pole shaft Cfp 0,7
Wind surface above ground
level Apole 2,09 m2
Wall thickness at top thpt 56 mm
Wall thickness at base thpb 68 mm
Area of pole at top At = π / 4 * (Dpt2 - (Dpt - 2*thpt)2) 0,0289 m2
Ab = π / 4 * (Dpb2 - (Dpb -
Area of pole at bottom 2*thpb)2) 0,0709 m2
Weight of pole Wp = (At+Ab)/2*hp*25*1,02 15,27 kN
Crossarm details
Length of crossarm Lc 2,60 m
Number of crossarms Nc 1
Length of struts Lcs 0,71 m
Number of struts Ncs 2
Weight of crossarm per metre Wm 0,150 kN/m
Weight of struts per metre Wms 0,0963 kN/m
Σ weight of crossarm type A Wc=1,2*(Lc*Nc*Wm+Lcs*Ncs*Wms 0,63 kN

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)
Distance to top of pole dist 0,1 m
Wind forces & bending
moments
Wind force on conductor Fc = ncp*n*dc*Cfc*lwn*fw 5,5836 kN
Wind force on post insulator Fpi = np*Cfi*fw*(dpavg*hp) 0,1733 kN
Wind force on pole Fpole = Apole*fwp 1,8819 kN
Height above ground level...
...of wind force on conductor hFc = hp-pd-dist+hp 10,665 m
...of wind force on post insulator hFpi = hp-pd-dist+hp/2 10,333 m
hApole = (Dpt*2+dpg)/(Dpt+dpg)*(hp-
...of wind force on pole pd)/3 4,62 m
Bending moment at ground
level...
...due to wind on conductors Bmconductor = Fc*hFc 59,549 kNm
...due to wind on post insulators Bmpi = Fpi*hFpi 1,79 kNm
...due to wind on pole Bmpole = Fpole*hApole 8,69 kNm
Σ wind force at grond level F = Fc+Fpi+Fpole 7,64 kN
Σ bending moment at ground
lvl. Mb 70,03 kNm
Simplified verification of a pile foundation
Characteristic bending moment at ground level 70,03 kNm
Characteristic shear force at ground level 7,64 kN
Bending moment at fulcrum
point 79,70 kNm
Bending moment at fulcrum point = 70,0kNm + 1,90m * 2/3 * 7,6kN =
79,7kNm
Soil type (ls, md, ds, r) md
Bearing capacity of soil 350 kN/m²
Depth of foundation 1,90 m
Diameter of foundation 0,80 m
Outer resistance moment of the foundation Mg 160,0 kNm
Outer resistance moment = 350kN/m² * 0,80m * (1,90m)³ / 12 =
160,0kNm
Existing global outer safety of the foundation (stability) 2,01
Existing outer global safety = 160,0kNm / 79,7kNm = 2,01
Loose soil 200 kN/m² ls
Medium dense soil 350 kN/m² md
Dense soil 500 kN/m² ds
Hard rock 2100 kN/m² r
Verification of bearing load (soil pressure) below pole base
Total structure & conductor
weight WT = Wc+Wi+Wp+Wcd 18,21 kN
Existing bearing load (soil
pressure) BLPB = WT / Ab 257 kN/m2
Allow. bearing load 400 kN/m2
APPENDIX C4
33kV OVERHEAD LINE CALCULATION FOR SINGLE ELM WITHOUT
FIBRE OPTIC CABLE ON ANGLE / SECTION SINGLE POLE STRUCTURE

ELM conductor details


Number of phases ncp 3
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Number of conductors per phase n 1


Diameter of conductor dc 18,8 mm
Wind force coefficient of conductor Cfc 1,1
Weight of conductor per metre wc 5,69 N/m
Basic span lb 80 m
Wind span (normal working conditions) lwn 80 m
Wind span (broken wire conditions) lwb 60 m
Weight span (normal working
conditions) lwt 120 m
Weight span (broken wire conditions) lwtb 90 m
Σ weight of conductors Wcd = wc*lwt*ncp*n 2,05 kN
Insulator details
Number of post insulators np 3
Number of tension insulators nit 6
Outer dia. of post insulator dpout 120 mm
Inner dia. of post insulator dpin 73 mm
Average dia. of post insulator dpavg = (dpin + dpout ) / 2 97 mm
Length of post insulator hp 665 mm
Weight of post insulator wp 88 N
Outer dia. of tension insulator dout 93 mm
Inner dia. of tension insulator dinn 78 mm
Average dia. of tension insulator di = (dinn + dout ) / 2 86 mm
Length of tension insulator hit 550 mm
Weight of tension insulator wi 206 N
Cf of insulator Cfi 1
Σ weight of insulators Wi = wp*np + wi*nit 1,50 kN
Wind pressure
...on pole fwp 900 N/m2
...on conductors & insulators fw 900 N/m2
Pole details
spun concrete
Type Angle/Section A/S(14)
Total height hp 14 m
Planting depth pd 2,8 m
Diameter of top Dpt 340 mm
Diameter of base Dpb = Dpt + 15*hp 550 mm
Dia. at ground level dpg = Dpb -15*pd 508 mm
Cf pole shaft Cfp 0,7
Wind surface above ground level Apole 3,32 m2
Wall thickness at top thpt 56 mm
Wall thickness at base thpb 70 mm
Area of pole at top At = π / 4 * (Dpt2 - (Dpt - 2*thpt)2) 0,05 m2
Ab = π / 4 * (Dpb2 - (Dpb -
Area of pole at bottom 2*thpb)2) 0,1056 m2
Weight of pole Wp = (At+Ab)/2*hp*25*1,02 27,76 kN
Crossarm details
Length of crossarm Lc 3,20 m
Number of crossarms Nc 2
Length of struts Lcs 0,71 m
Number of struts Ncs 6
Weight of crossarm per metre Wm 0,150 kN/m
Weight of struts per metre Wms 0,0963 kN/m
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Wc=1,2*(Lc*Nc*Wm+Lcs*Ncs*Wms
Σ weight of crossarm type B ) 1,64 kN
Distance to top of pole dist 0,15 m
Wind forces & bending moments
Resultant pull of conductors Fc from sag & tension analysis 14,8 kN
Wind force on post insulator Fpi = np*Cfi*fw*(dpavg*hp) 0,1733 kN
Wind force on tension insulator FTi = nit*Cfi*fw*(di*hit) 0,2539 kN
Wind force on pole Fpole = Apole*fwp 2,9917 kN
Height above ground level...
...of resultant pull of conductors hFc = hp-pd-dist 11,05 m
...of wind force on post insulator hFpi = hp-pd-dist+hp/2 11,38 m
…of wind force on tension insulator hFTi = hp-pd-dist 11,05 m
hApole = (Dpt*2+dpg)/(Dpt+dpg)*(hp-
...of wind force on pole pd)/3 5,23 m
Bending moment at ground level...
...due to res. pull of conductors Bmconductor = Fc*hFc 163,54 kNm
...due to wind on post insulators Bmpi = Fpi*hFpi 1,97 kNm
...due to wind on tension insulators BmTi = FTi*hFpi 2,81 kNm
...due to wind on pole Bmpole = Fpole*hApole 15,65 kNm
Σ wind force at grond level F = Fc+Fpi+Fpole 18,22 kN
Σ bending moment at grond level Mb 183,97 kNm
Simplified verification of a pile foundation
Characteristic bending moment at ground level 183,97 kNm
Characteristic shear force at ground level 18,22 kN
Bending moment at fulcrum point 217,94 kNm
Bending moment at fulcrum point = 184,0kNm + 2,80m * 2/3 * 18,2kN = 217,9kNm
Soil type (ls, md, ds, r) md
Bearing capacity of soil 350 kN/m²
Depth of foundation 2,80 m
Diameter of foundation 1,00 m
Outer resistance moment of the foundation Mg 640,3 kNm
Outer resistance moment = 350kN/m² * 1,00m * (2,80m)³ / 12 = 640,3kNm
Existing global outer safety of the foundation (stability) 2,94
Existing outer global safety = 640,3kNm / 217,9kNm = 2,94
Loose soil 200 kN/m² ls
Medium dense soil 350 kN/m² md
Dense soil 500 kN/m² ds
Hard rock 2100 kN/m² r
Verification of bearing load (soil pressure) below pole base
Total structure & conductor weight WT = Wc+Wi+Wp+Wcd 32,95 kN
Existing bearing load (soil pressure) BLPB = WT / Ab 312 kN/m2
Allow. bearing load 400 kN/m2

APPENDIX C5
33kV OVERHEAD LINE CALCULATION FOR SINGLE ELM WITH FIBRE
OPTIC CABLE ON ANGLE / SECTION SINGLE POLE STRUCTURE

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ELM conductor details
Number of phases ncp 3
Number of conductors per phase n 1
Version: 6.0
Diameter of conductor Petroleum Development
dc Oman LLC 18,8 mm
Effective: May-08
Wind force coefficient of conductor Cfc 1,1
Weight of conductor per metre wc 5,69 N/m
Basic span lb 66 m
Wind span (normal working
conditions) lwn 66 m
Wind span (broken wire conditions) lwb 50 m
Weight span (normal working
conditions) lwt 100 m
Weight span (broken wire conditions) lwtb 75 m
Σ weight of conductors Wcd = wc*lwt*ncp*n 1,71 kN
Fibre optic cable (FOC) details
Number of fibre optic cable nfo 1
Diameter of optic cable df 15,0 mm
Wind force coefficient of optic cable Cfo 1,3
Weight of optic cable per metre wf 1,77 N/m
Tension in optic cable Tf 6,13 kN
Height of optic cable above ground hf 8,7 m
Σ weight of fibre optic cable Wfoc = wf*lwt*nfo 0,18 kN
Insulator details
Number of post insulators np 3
Number of tension insulators nit 6
Outer dia. of post insulator dpout 120 mm
Inner dia. of post insulator dpin 73 mm
Average dia. of post insulator dpavg = (dpin + dpout ) / 2 97 mm
Length of post insulator hp 665 mm
Weight of post insulator wp 88 N
Outer dia. of tension insulator dout 93 mm
Inner dia. of tension insulator dinn 78 mm
Average dia. of tension insulator di = (dinn + dout ) / 2 86 mm
Length of tension insulator hit 550 mm
Weight of tension insulator wi 206 N
Cf of insulator Cfi 1
Σ weight of insulators Wi = wp*np + wi*nit 1,50 kN
Wind pressure
...on pole fwp 900 N/m2
...on conductors & insulators fw 900 N/m2
...on FO cable ffoc 900 N/m2
Pole details
spun concrete Angle/Section
Type A/S(14)
Total height hp 14 m
Planting depth pd 2,8 m
Diameter of top Dpt 340 mm
Diameter of base Dpb = Dpt + 15*hp 550 mm
Dia. at ground level dpg = Dpb -15*pd 508 mm
Cf pole shaft Cfp 0,7
Wind surface above ground level Apole 3,32 m2
Wall thickness at top thpt 56 mm
Wall thickness at base thpb 70 mm
At = π / 4 * (Dpt2 - (Dpt -
Area of pole at top 2*thpt)2) 0,05 m2
Ab = π / 4 * (Dpb2 - (Dpb -
Area of pole at bottom 2*thpb)2) 0,1056 m2
Weight
Page 85of pole Wp = (At+Ab)/2*hp*25*1,02 27,76 kN
SP-1102B: Specification for Design of 33kV OHL on Concrete Poles Printed 20-04-2008
Crossarm details
Length of crossarm
The controlled version of this CMFLc
Document resides online in Livelink®. Printed copies are UNCONTROLLED. 3,20 m
Number of crossarms Nc 2
Length of struts Lcs 0,71 m
Number of struts Ncs 6
Weight of crossarm per metre Wm 0,150 kN/m
Weight of struts per metre Wms 0,0963 kN/m
Version: 6.0
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APPENDIX C6
33-KV OVERHEAD LINE CALCULATION FOR SINGLE ELM WITHOUT
FIBRE OPTIC CABLE ON TERMINAL SINGLE POLE STRUCTURE

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ELM conductor details
Number of phases ncp 3
Number of conductors per phase n 1
Petroleumdc
Development Oman LLC Version: 6.0
Diameter of conductor 18,8 mm
Effective: May-08
Wind force coefficient of conductor Cfc 1,1
Weight of conductor per metre wc 5,69 N/m
Basic span lb 80 m
Wind span (normal working
conditions) lwn 80 m
Wind span (broken wire conditions) lwb 60 m
Weight span (normal working
conditions) lwt 120 m
Weight span (broken wire conditions) lwtb 90 m
Σ weight of conductors Wcd = wc*lwt*ncp*n 2,05 kN

Insulator details
Number of post insulators np 3
Number of tension insulators nit 6
Outer dia. of post insulator dpout 120 mm
Inner dia. of post insulator dpin 73 mm
Average dia. of post insulator dpavg = (dpin + dpout ) / 2 97 mm
Length of post insulator hp 665 mm
Weight of post insulator wp 88 N
Outer dia. of tension insulator dout 93 mm
Inner dia. of tension insulator dinn 78 mm
Average dia. of tension insulator di = (dinn + dout ) / 2 86 mm
Length of tension insulator hit 550 mm
Weight of tension insulator wi 206 N
Cf of insulator Cfi 1
Σ weight of insulators Wi = wp*np + wi*nit 1,50 kN

Wind pressure
...on pole fwp 900 N/m2
...on conductors & insulators fw 900 N/m2

Pole details
spun concrete
Type Terminal T(14)
Total height hp 14 m
Planting depth pd 3,1 m
Diameter top Dpt 460 mm
Diameter base Dpb = Dpt + 15*hp 670 mm
Dia. at ground level dpg = Dpb -15*pd 624 mm
Cf pole shaft Cfp 0,7
Wind surface above ground level Apole 4,13 m2
Wall thickness at top thpt 65 mm
Wall thickness at base thpb 79 mm
Area of pole at top At = π / 4 * (Dpt2 - (Dpt - 2*thpt)2) 0,0807 m2
Area of pole at bottom Ab = π / 4 * (Dpb2 - (Dpb - 2*thpb)2) 0,1467 m2
Weight of pole Wp = (At+Ab)/2*hp*25*1,02 40,58 kN
Crossarm details
Length of crossarm Lc 3,20 m
Number of crossarms Nc 2
Length of struts Lcs 0,71 m
Number of struts Ncs 6
Weight of crossarm per metre Wm 0,182 kN/m
Weight of struts per metre Wms 0,0963 kN/m
Σ weight
Page 87 of crossarm
SP-1102B: typeSpecification
B Wcfor= 1,2*(Lc*Nc*Wm+Lcs*Ncs*Wms)
Design of 33kV OHL on Concrete Poles Printed 20-04-2008 1,89 kN
Distance to top of pole dist 0,15 m
Wind forces &The controlledmoments
bending version of this CMF Document resides online in Livelink®. Printed copies are UNCONTROLLED.

Resultant pull of conductors Fc from sag & tension analysis 29,8 kN


Wind force on post insulator Fpi = np*Cfi*fw*(dpavg*hp) 0,1733 kN
Wind force on tension insulator FTi = nit*Cfi*fw*(di*hit) 0,2539 kN
Wind force on pole Fpole = Apole*fwp 3,7202 kN
Version: 6.0
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APPENDIX C7
33-KV OVERHEAD LINE CALCULATION FOR SINGLE ELM WITH FIBRE
OPTIC CABLE ON TERMINAL SINGLE POLE STRUCTURE

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ELM conductor details
Number of phases ncp 3
Number of conductors per phase n 1
Petroleum Development Oman LLC Version: 6.0
Diameter of conductor dc 18,8 mm
Effective: May-08
Wind force coefficient of conductor Cfc 1,1
Weight of conductor per metre wc 5,69 N/m
Basic span lb 66 m
Wind span (normal working conditions) lwn 66 m
Wind span (broken wire conditions) lwb 50 m
Weight span (normal working conditions) lwt 100 m
Weight span (broken wire conditions) lwtb 75 m
Σ weight of conductors Wcd = wc*lwt*ncp*n 1,71 kN
Fibre optic cable (FOC) details
Number of fibre optic cable nfo 1
Diameter of optic cable df 15,0 mm
Wind force coefficient of optic cable Cfo 1,3
Weight of optic cable per metre wf 1,77 N/m
Tension in optic cable Tf 6,13 kN
Height of optic cable above ground hf 8,4 m
Σ weight of fibre optic cable Wfoc = wf*lwt*nfo 0,18 kN
Insulator details
Number of post insulators np 3
Number of tension insulators nit 6
Outer dia. of post insulator dpout 120 mm
Inner dia. of post insulator dpin 73 mm
Average dia. of post insulator dpavg = (dpin + dpout ) / 2 97 mm
Length of post insulator hp 665 mm
Weight of post insulator wp 88 N
Outer dia. of tension insulator dout 93 mm
Inner dia. of tension insulator dinn 78 mm
Average dia. of tension insulator di = (dinn + dout ) / 2 86 mm
Length of tension insulator hit 550 mm
Weight of tension insulator wi 206 N
Cf of insulator Cfi 1
Σ weight of insulators Wi = wp*np + wi*nit 1,50 kN
Wind pressure
...on pole fwp 900 N/m2
...on conductors & insulators fw 900 N/m2
...on FO cable ffoc 900 N/m2
Pole details
spun concrete Terminal
Type T(14)
Total height hp 14 m
Planting depth pd 3,1 m
Diameter top Dpt 460 mm
Diameter base Dpb = Dpt + 15*hp 670 mm
Dia. at ground level dpg = Dpb -15*pd 624 mm
Cf pole shaft Cfp 0,7
Wind surface above ground level Apole 4,13 m2
Wall thickness at top thpt 65 mm
Wall thickness at base thpb 79 mm
Area of pole at top At = π / 4 * (Dpt2 - (Dpt - 2*thpt)2) 0,0807 m2
Ab = π / 4 * (Dpb2 - (Dpb -
Area of pole at bottom 2*thpb)2) 0,1467 m2
Weight of pole Wp = (At+Ab)/2*hp*25*1,02 40,58 kN
Crossarm details
Length of crossarm Lc 3,20 m
Page 89 SP-1102B: Specification for Printed 20-04-2008
Number of crossarms NcDesign of 33kV OHL on Concrete Poles 2
Length of strutsThe controlled version of this CMF Document
Lcs resides online in Livelink®. Printed copies are UNCONTROLLED. 0,71 m
Number of struts Ncs 6
Weight of crossarm per metre Wm 0,182 kN/m
Weight of struts per metre Wms 0,0963 kN/m
Wc =
Σ weight of crossarm type A 1,2*(Lc*Nc*Wm+Lcs*Ncs*Wms) 1,89 kN
Version: 6.0
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APPENDIX -D
SAG / TENSION CALCULATIONS

Refer sections 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.1.4, 2.1.7, 2.3.1.1 and 2.3.1.2 for relevant
parameters
Effective Weight of Conductor = (Cond. Wt2 + Wind force2)0.5
kg/m

D-1 SAG / TENSION CALCULATIONS

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Knowing the tension of the line conductor or FO cable at any particular set of
conditions of effective weight and temperature it is possible to calculate the
tension at any other set of conditions by solving the following equation:

T1/W1* sinh (S* W1/T1/2) * (1 + alpha) * (t2 -t1) + (T2 - T1)/A/E)


= T2/W2* sinh(S * W2/T2/2)
Where :
T1 & T2 = Horizontal Tension (kgf)
W1 & W2 = Unit Weight (kg/m)
t1 & t2 = Temperature (° C)
S = Span Length (m)
A = Cross Sectional Area (mm2)
alpha = Temperature Co-efficient of Expansion (/° C)
E = Modulus of Elasticity (Young’s Modulus) in kgf/sq.mm

The sag of the conductor or FO cable for a particular span having a tension
calculated as above
= T/W * (cosh (W * S/T/2) - 1)
As a starting point, calculating the maximum sag (and minimum tension) at
90°C and still air, in the equivalent span will result in the lowest stresses in the
system

D-2 EQUIVALENT SPAN


The equivalent span for a range of differing spans subject to the same
horizontal tension between Section structures is calculated from the following.
Equivalent Span = [(S13 + S23 + S33 ......... ) / (S1 + S2 + S3.........) ]0.5

APPENDIX-E
PHASE CLEARANCE OF CONDUCTORS

Formulae to assess the adequacy of phase clearance is given below:

E-1VDE Formula acc. to DIN EN 50341-3-4


Conductor spacing = k (f+ Lk)1/2 + 0,75 * DPP
where:
f = Sag of conductors at 40°C
Lk = Length of suspension chain (not applicable for pin-type insulator)
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k = factor acc. to DIN EN 50341-3-4, table 5.4.3, applicable


value 0, 6 (all conductors on 1 cross arm, no wind)
DPP = 0, 45 for 33kV rated line voltage, value acc. to. EN
50341-1, table 5.5

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APPENDIX -F1
CANTILEVER LOAD ON 33kV COMPOSITE POST INSULATOR FOR SINGLE
ELM

LEGEND DESCRIPTION
Qbasic 900N/m2
A exposed area (m2)
F force (N)
FOS 2.5 (Cantilever Strength of Insulators Per NESC)
Shape Factor 1.0 for Insulators
1.1 for ELM Conductor
Dia.cond. 0.0188m
Lwind 100m
Conductor Tension 2400kg

F-1 WIND LOAD ON INSULATORS


Fins = Qbasic*Ainsulator
Fins = 900N/m2 x ((0.12m+0.073m)/2) x 0.665m = 57.8N / 1000 = 0.058kN
Ftop of insulator = 0.058kN / 2 = 0.029kN

F-2 WIND LOAD ON CONDUCTORS


Fcond = Qbasic x Dcond. x Shape Factor cond x Lwind
Fcond = 900N/m2 x 0.0188m x 1.1 x 100m = 1870N / 1000= 1.87kN

F-3 ANGLE LOAD ON INSULATORS


Fangle = 2 x Tension x Sin (5o/2) x 9.81
Fangle = 2 x 2400kg x Sin 2.5 x 9.81= 2.05kN

F-4 TOTAL CANTILEVER LOAD ON INSULATOR


Ftotal = Ftop insulator + Fcond + Fangle
Ftotal = 0.029kN + 1.87kN + 2.05kN = 3.95kN

F-5 CANTILEVER STRENGTH REQUIRED


Freq = Ftotal x FOS
Freq = 3.95kN x 2.5 = 9.87kN

NOTE:
Based on the above calculations, a Silicon Rubber Insulator with a Specified
Cantilever Load of 12.5kN
shall be required for Single ELM conductor Overhead Lines with a wind
span of 100 meters and a maximum conductor tension of 23.5kN.
Specified Cantilever Load = SCL as defined in Section 3.3.1 of ANSI
Standard C29.11-1989

APPENDIX-G

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AERODROME

The above sketch is prepared for easy reference by PDO Air Operations, taking into account the
requirement as laid down in "INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS AND RECOMMENDED
PRACTICES AERODROMES ANNEX-14“

APPENDIX-K
INSTALLATION GUIDE
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K1 - 1 PURPOSE
The following description forms the basis for the correct execution of the
activities required for the assembly and assembly of single- and multiple-
section spun concrete poles.

Sub-contractors or individual assembly teams performing assembly work for


PDO for the first time must receive practical training and on-the-spot
instruction over and beyond the present assembly instructions to familiarise
themselves with the assembly procedures for spun concrete poles.

The documents also assist in the training and instruction of the personnel
deployed. Note: A copy of these assembly instructions must be deposited in
every assembly team bus.

K1 - 2 SCOPE OF VALIDITY

These instructions apply to the assembly of single- and multiple-section spun


concrete utility poles.

K1 - 3 TERMS

• Nominal weight: Planned weight


• Pole top: Top end of pole
• Pole base Bottom end of pole
K1 – 4 RESPONSIBILITIES

Amendment service for the process instructions:


The person responsible for the respective organisation and/or process is
responsible for amending and updating the present process instructions.

Document control
The distribution of the process instructions to those responsible (customers,
transport and assembly firms) is the duty of the respective project manager.
Responsibility for occupational safety and quality assurance:

Loading master/lorry driver of haulage


Loading at the factory and transport to building site:
company
Unloading and intermediate storage: Assembly manager of assembly firm
Pole assembly: Assembly manager of assembly firm
Quality assurance and occupational safety at the
Site manager of assembly firm
building site
site manager (if necessary authorised site
Acceptance:
managers from assembly firms).

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Verification of effectiveness
The effectiveness of the actions described here is established by means of
internal and external audits.

K2 – 1 DESCRIPTION

General notes
The to grade concrete and steel components must be conveyed and stored
during storage and assembly in such manner that damage is avoided and all
risk to the assembly workers or third parties is excluded.
The measures to be taken to this end are described below. The accident
prevention regulations, safety regulations and requirements for spun concrete
poles in compliance with the specifications of the client (especially PDO) must
be heeded. The responsibility for safety with regard to assembly work and the
personnel lies with the assembly firm.
Among other things, careful work preparation is a prerequisite for the
straightforward, successful handling of any type of building work.
You must take into account:
⇒ The necessary assembly specialists
⇒ Equipment
⇒ Tools and materials
⇒ Lumber and tarpaulins to protect the components and materials
⇒ Crane dimensions selected to suit the on-site conditions
⇒ Coordination of schedule for deliveries and provision of crane
⇒ Provide normal personal protection equipment for assembly workers (safety
shoes, helmet, sunprotection, clothing etc.) on building site.
⇒ Additional equipment for protection against falling

It must be borne in mind that the weights of spun concrete pole sections may
deviate from the nominal weight owing to the manufacturing process.

When selecting transport vehicles, hoisting equipment, load bearing and


lashing tackle, a 10% additional safety margin on top of the planned weights
should be taken into account.

If during production weight deviations > 10% are ascertained, Production will
immediately inform the site manager in writing, who then passes the
information on to the engineering company.

If attachments are to be fitted to the shaft of the pole prior to assembly they
must be taken into account when the crane is selected.

The correct way for the work to be carried out when erecting a concrete pole is
described in the following. It is essential to observe these rules to ensure
damage-free assembly. The assembly firm is liable for damage caused due to
non-compliance with these instructions.

Storage on the stock yard:


Poles have to be separated with lumber pieces and secured with lumber key
to avoid rolling. Maximum 4 layers of concrete poles are allowed.

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Fig 2:
Storage of concrete poles

Lumber

Unloading transport vehicles and storage on the building site

Inspections at takeover
The delivery (pole sections, steel parts, crates with accessories, pallets etc.)
must be inspected on the lorry or wagon at the time of receipt on the basis of
the delivery note to verify that it is complete (quantities, e.g. 2 crates of
accessories) as well as for transport damage. If deviations or faults are found, a
note must be made on the delivery note. Stock must be taken immediately of
the damage together with the haulage company.

Accessory parts packed in crates or steel components delivered in bundles or


loose must be checked for completeness and transport damage on the basis of
the attached accessory note when building begins.
Complaints about the parts supplied must be reported to the site manager
immediately by phone. A copy of the delivery note must be attached to the
written fault or damage inventory to be submitted subsequently.

Unloading the transport vehicles


The conical and cylindrical pole sections are unloaded by crane using two
suitable textile belts and/or with steel ropes with protective covering in
compliance with DIN EN 134141. To avoid transverse cracks in the concrete
the suspension points must be located on either side of the centre of gravity (in
accordance with the marks on the pole); they must be pushed apart by at least
¼ of the length of the pole (Fig. 1).
To prevent damage and accidents the pole must be secured immediately after it
is set down to prevent distortion.

In the case of pole joints with flange plates, attention must be paid that
sufficiently thick supporting lumber is used between the pole and the ground
to prevent the pole bottom from coming into contact with the ground.

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Fig 1:
Conical pole suspended from lifting Lifting gear of crane
gear

Spreader or Crossbeam

Optional rope for securing

Centre of point of pole

Textile belts

Storage on the building site


To prevent them from becoming dirtied or damaged, concrete parts and steel
components must be stored on square timber on the building site until they are
installed. The contracting company must provide the lumber in sufficient
quantity. Cement mortar and accessory parts must be covered appropriately on
all sides to prevent them from becoming damp and dirty and, where necessary,
care must be taken to protect them from damage by frost. The max.
permissible period of storage for the aforementioned materials must be heeded.
All materials, and especially small parts, must be protected against theft.

Storage of concrete parts


A plane, horizontal, secure base must be provided the height of the supporting
structure must be selected so that the circular blanks and joint plates do not
come into contact with the ground when the pole section (pole assembly) is
lifted.

Storage of galvanised steel parts


Correct storage for the specific part and its specific use is on dry, non-
impregnated square lumber (with approx. 150mm ground clearance) and with
lumber between the layers. Store the parts at a slight inclination if possible.

To prevent the formation of white rust, avoid contact with wet grass, prevent
water from collecting in the supports and profiles (trough formation) and
ensure that the parts are not covered directly with plastic sheeting or
tarpaulins. Ensure sufficient ventilation.

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K2 – 2 ASSEMBLY OF POLE SECTIONS

Preparatory work for assembly


Before work begins the assembly manager must satisfy him (or her) self that
all aids required for erection (e. g. assembly cage, assembly ladder, stepladders
etc.) are available and that it is possible to assemble all components with them.
When using an assembly ladder, the relevant manufacturer’s instructions for
use must be heeded.

Beforethe pole sections are erected, all parts to be mounted on them should have
been fastened to the pole, provided they do not constitute an obstruction during
erection. If possible, the steel platforms that have been preassembled according
to plan, will be shifted over the pole sections lying on the ground on trestles,
aligned in the prescribed position and secured with wedges.

If possible, all other accessories (retaining ring, ladder etc.) are mounted prior
to erection. Other additional parts, cable fastening rails, antenna fixtures etc.
must be assembled according to the relevant detailed diagrams and drawings.

For poles with drop-in joints the ground must checked again to ensure that the
cone fits exactly. Before work begins the assembly manager must check that
the lifting equipment is in full working order.

Fig 4: Pole erection with textile belt

Crane hoisting gear

If textile belt to short - extension with chain (connection with shackle)


Crossarm Textile belt
Pole cap

lumber

If textile belts are used, the crossarm can be used simply to stop the components
from slipping. To protect the textile belt it must be used as a slip on both sides.
Under all circumstances the belt manufacturer’s directions for use must be
heeded.

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Erection of pole

Poles in drop-in foundation


The following actions must be carried out prior to assembly

⇒ Clean floor of drop-in socket and check that it is even


⇒ Any rainwater present must be pumped out
⇒ Check that foundation surface gradient towards the outside is ≥ 2 %.
⇒ Install fastenings for the pole base on the floor of the socket
(e. g. 4 steel wedges)
⇒ Any drainpipes protruding more than 5 cm from the lower edge of the
foundation must be removed

♦ If there are any non-compliances, the site manager must be informed.

The lower section of the pole is placed in the drop-in foundation with the aid of
lifting gear and centred on the floor of the socket by means of the fastenings (e.g.
steel wedges).
Before the hoisting ropes are removed, the pole section must be fastened in place
by means of steel construction-type fastenings, winches or hardwood wedges. Guy
ropes can also be used (Fig. 7). When releasing the hoisting ropes the fitter remains
on the ladder or secured as for mounting the flange, or he is located in an approved
personnel conveyance facility.
The perpendicular position of the lower pole section is checked and, if necessary,
realigned, see K2 - 3 P “Perpendicular alignment and tolerances”.
The lower pole section may not be cast until it is exactly perpendicular and has
been rechecked by the assembly manager (or until the entire pole is in an exactly
perpendicular position).

Fig. 7: Assembly in drop-in foundation


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Suspension ropes
4 hardwood
wedges
Chamfer upper edge
by approx. 2 %

4 Steel locators –
winches or hydraulic Ground anchor
system
Steel wedge
Cast concrete Pole wall

4 steel Shorten if required


wedges

Foundation concrete
Please see Chapters 2.3.4.2. – 2.3.4.4. for further information.

Posttreatment
Please see Chapter 2.3.4.4. for further information.

Remaining work
The pole guys and/or fastenings that do not remain in the grouting concrete
may not be removed until the grouting has become sufficiently hardened and
can no longer be scratched (with fresh concrete, approx. 8 hours after setting).
If hardwood wedges are used for the purpose of fixation, they can be
completely removed when the concrete has hardened sufficiently and the
resulting hollow space must be filled with grouting concrete. If they remained
in the grouting they would cause damage due to swelling.

The surface of the grouting between the pole and the foundation is tapered
with a 2% gradient and smoothed flush with the surface of the foundation.
Execution must meet the specifications arising from the corresponding
foundation plan.

K2 - 3 PERPENDICULAR ALIGNMENT AND TOLERANCES


The perpendicular position of the pole is achieved by means of theodolites
from two directions offset by approx.90°.
The assembly manager must check the theodolites prior to erection.

The tolerance for the overall (resulting) slant of the pole is:

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• For intermediate poles up to 35 m in height, f ≤ 2.5 mm/m

withou
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K2 – 4 MOUNTING OF THE ATTACHMENT AND REMAINING WORK

The apertures to accommodate the mounting shaft on poles without top


flanges, must be sealed with the rubber plugs provided. Any minor chips in the
concrete edges must be sealed with permanently elastic material. If necessary
the antenna tubes and holes in steel sections must be sealed with the plastic
caps and plugs provided

Mounting the steel components

General notes
All the steel components mentioned in the accessories list and/or the execution
drawing must be mounted according to the attached diagrams and their bolted
joints using the lock washers stated therein.
The required torque for bolted joints on steel parts is to be found in the
accompanying drawings/diagrams and must be applied accordingly.

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K2 - 5 APPROVAL
Before the building is handed over to the client all components must be
inspected by the assembly manager to ensure that they are in proper order and
are fully functional.

In particular the following items must be checked:

⇒ Visible parts of the foundation with the grouted joint to the pole
⇒ The pole shaft for damage and dirt (damage to the concrete surfaces must
be eliminated using PCC mortar system).
⇒ Plastic plugs are to be fitted into threaded bushes that remain empty
⇒ All the remaining attachments for a tight fit and their stipulated state
⇒ All galvanised steel parts for damage or faults in the galvanisation
⇒ Safety equipment
⇒ Mechanical parts for operability

The building site must be tidied and cleaned and, if necessary, given
appropriate protection until it is approved. Until the customer has approved the
building the assembly firm is responsible for the building site.

K3 – 1 DOCUMENTATION

Archiving
In the course of rendering the accounts of the building project all documents
are to be collected in a site management file.
This has to be transferred to the costumer.

K3 – 2 FURTHER APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

− assembly documents of the pole producer


− Accident prevention regulations of the employers’ liability insurance association
− Mounting instructions of the supplying manufacturers.

APPENDIX-J
GLOSSARY OF DEFINITIONS, TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS
For the purpose of this document, the following definitions shall apply.

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General Terminology

Company - Petroleum Development Oman LLC of Muscat, Sultanate of


Oman
Consultant - A party to a Contract with the Company or Contractor who is
responsible for providing design, engineering, and other
related consultancy services under a Contract
Contractor - A party to a Contract with the Company who is responsible
for the construction, commissioning and other related works
specified in the Contract. On occasion, a Contractor may be
responsible for the duties of both Consultant and Contractor
Manufacturer -
A party responsible for the manufacture of material or
equipment to perform the duties specified by the Consultant,
Contractor or the Company
May - The word 'may' is to be understood as indicating a possible
course of action
Shall - The word 'shall' is to be understood as mandatory
Should - The word 'should' is to be understood as strongly
recommended
User - A qualified engineer, Consultant or Contractor who applies
these standards in the execution of a PDO project or Contract
Vendor/supplier - The party responsible for the manufacture of materials,
equipment or product related services in accordance with the
purchase order issued by the Consultant, Contractor or its
nominated purchasing office
Technical Terminology
Basic Span - The Span length assumed as an equivalent span for a
complete overhead line consisting of many sections.
Equivalent Span - The span length adopted for sag / tension calculations for a
particular line section.
Sag - The vertical distance, under any system of conductor
loading, between the conductor and a straight line joining
adjacent supporting joints.
Section - The portion of an overhead line between two fully supported
tension points.
Span Length - The horizontal distance between adjacent supports.
Weight Span - The horizontal distance between the lowest points of the
conductor on two adjacent spans.
Wind Span - Half of the sum of the spans adjacent to a particular support.

SP USER-COMMENT FORM

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The controlled version of this CMF Document resides online in Livelink®. Printed copies are UNCONTROLLED.
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SP User-Comment Form

If you find something that is incorrect, ambiguous or could be better in an SP, write your
comments and suggestions on this form. Send the form to the Document Control Section
(DCS). They make a record of your comment and send the form to the correct CFDH. The
form has spaces for your personal details. This lets DCS or the CFDH ask you about your
comments and tell you about the decision.

SP Details Title Issue Date:


Number:

Page number: Heading Number: Figure Number:

Comments:

Suggestions:

User’s personal details


Name: Ref. Ind: Signature: Date:
Phone:
Document Control Section Actions
Comment Number: Dates CFDH
Recd: To CFDH: Ref. Ind:
CFDH Actions
Recd Decision: Inits: Ref. Date:
Date: Reject: Ind:
Accept, revise at next issue:
Accept, issue temporary
amendment
Comments:

Originator Date: Inits: Document Date: Inits:


Advised: Control
Section
Advised:

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