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Ô

Ô


 
 
u

‡ Ratio of persons infected
with the disease to those
who are not infected in a
population

u

‡ Number of death in a
population
ë





 
 
?ë?u
‡ ³outbreak´; disease affects
greater than usual number of
cases in a particular region,
usually occurring within a
relatively short period
ë
?u
‡ Disease occurs in epidemic
proportions in many
countries simultaneously
 
 

  
 

m 

 ë ?

‡ Microbial organisms which has an ability to

cause a disease
a. Algae
b. Bacteria
c. Fungi
d. Protozoa
e. Viruses
?
Infectious disease ± Dengue fever
ë
 Flavivirus
  
 

 
 



 

 

 

  ± ability to grow & multiply
 


± ability to enter the tissue

 ë
   ± ability to cause a disease


 colonization by a pathogen; when


±
a pathogen lands or enters a person¶s body
& remains there
  
 

Ñ 

 
 where a microorganism
normally lives & reproduces

  


 an organism that is infected
by a pathogen but does not
necessarily have the infectious
disease caused by that pathogen
  
 



  

a. ë

   ± carries the pathogen without

ever having had the disease
b.  
   ± is capable of transmitting a
pathogen during the  


c.

    harbors & can transmit a
particular pathogen while recovering from an
infectious disease 



d.      have completely recovered from
the disease but continue to harbor the pathogen
indefinitely
  
 

 ë

?

‡ route of escape of the pathogen from
the reservoir
‡ Body orifices (mouth, nose, anus),
secretions, skin through insect bites
Ex. Flu ± mucus secretions
Hepatitis A ± stool
SARS ± droplets from sneezing
  
 

- u

 



‡ The way the pathogen gets from the
reservoir to the new host

 ± indirect & direct
  
± pathogen stays in the air,
common air source
 

± from sneezing, coughing; blood
    ± contaminated inanimate
objects
 

 biting insects/arachnids

 




  
 


r ë

? 
‡ Route through which the pathogen enters
its new host
‡ Body orifices, breaks in the skin (open
wounds); skin through bites
‰ 
 


‡ A person who can get sick when exposed
to a disease-causing pathogen
‡ Humans with low immunity or resistance
  
 


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ë
 u ? ë
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u

Plasmodium Blood ± Skin ± Vectors - Skin ± Humans

falciparum liver mosquito mosquito mosquito especially those
(malaria) cell bite bite with low
immunity

Salmonella Gall Rectum ± Contact Mouth ± Humans

typhi bladder feces food exposed to
Vehicular contaminated
(typhoid sources of food
fever)