STATICS AND MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 2nd Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS

Chapter 2
2-1 Use the law of sines and the law of cosines, in conjunction with sketches of the force triangles, to solve the
following problems. Determine the magnitude of the resultant R and the angle T between the x-axis and the
line of action of the two forces shown in Fig. P2-1.
SOLUTION
From the law of cosines
R2 902  1202  2  90 120  cos 90q
R 150.0 lb
From the law of sines
sin T sin 90q
90 R
90sin 90q
T sin 1 36.87q
150.0
R 150 lb 36.87q ....................................................................................................... Ans.
2-2 Use the law of sines and the law of cosines, in conjunction with sketches of the force triangles, to solve the
following problems. Determine the magnitude of the resultant R and the angle T between the x-axis and the
line of action of the two forces shown in Fig. P2-2.
SOLUTION
From the law of cosines
R2 2502  2002  2  250  200  cos 50q
R 408.386 N
From the law of sines
sin T sin130q
200 R
200sin130q
T sin 1 22.03q
408.386
R 408 N 36.03q ....................................................................................................... Ans.
2-3 Use the law of sines and the law of cosines, in conjunction with sketches of the force triangles, to solve the
following problems. Determine the magnitude of the resultant R and the angle T between the x-axis and the
line of action of the two forces shown in Fig. P2-3.
SOLUTION
From the law of cosines
R2 600 2  8002  2  600  800  cos 75q
R 866.910 lb
From the law of sines
sin T sin 75q
800 R
800sin 75q
T sin 1 63.05q
866.910
R 867 lb 86.95q ....................................................................................................... Ans.

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STATICS AND MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 2nd Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-4 Use the law of sines and the law of cosines, in conjunction with sketches of the force triangles, to solve the
following problems. Determine the magnitude of the resultant R and the angle T between the x-axis and the
line of action of the two forces shown in Fig. P2-4.
SOLUTION
From the law of cosines
R 2 10 2  252  2 10  25 cos120q
R 31.225 kN
From the law of sines
sin T sin120q
25 R
25sin120q
T sin 1 43.90q
31.225
R 31.2 kN 19.90q .................................................................................................... Ans.
2-5 The support ring of the traffic light shown in Fig. P2-5 is acted on by three forces – the weight of the traffic
light (220 lb), a force in cable A (280 lb), and a force in cable B (FB). If the resultant of the three forces is
zero, determine the magnitude and direction of FB.
SOLUTION
From the law of cosines
R122 2202  2802  2  220  280  cos 70q
R12 290.969 lb
From the law of sines
sin T12 sin 70q
220 R12
220sin 70q
T12 sin 1 45.28q
290.969
R12 291 lb 25.28q
But R12  FB 0
Therefore FB R 291 lb 25.28q .......................................................................................... Ans.
2-6 Determine the resultant of the three forces shown in Fig. P2-6. Locate the resultant with respect to the x-axis
shown.
SOLUTION

R12 32  4 2 5 kN
3
T12 tan 1 36.870q
4
Then, using the law of cosines
R2 52  82  2  5  8  cos113.130q
R 10.974 kN
From the law of sines
sin T sin113.130q
5 R

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STATICS AND MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 2nd Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5sin113.130q
T sin 1 24.77q
10.974
R 10.97 kN 5.23q .................................................................................................... Ans.
2-7 A stalled automobile is being pulled by the two forces shown in Fig. P2-7. If the resultant pull is to be 120 lb
in the x-direction, determine the magnitude and direction of the force P.
SOLUTION
From the law of cosines
P2 80 2  1202  2  80 120  cos 20q
P 52.516 lb
From the law of sines
sin T sin 20q
120 P
120sin 20q
T sin 1 128.60q
52.516
P 52.5 lb 31.40q ...................................................................................................... Ans.
2-8 The eye bolt shown in Fig. P2-8 is subjected to a 2700 N force and an unknown force P. If the resultant pull
is 2000 N in the x-direction, determine the magnitude and direction of the force P.
SOLUTION
From the law of cosines
P2 20002  27002  2  2000  2700  cos 60q
P 2426.932 kN
From the law of sines
sin I sin 60q
2000 P
2000sin 60q
I sin 1 45.54q
2426.932
P 2430 kN 74.46q .................................................................................................. Ans.
2-9 Two forces act on the bracket shown in Fig. P2-9. Determine the angle T that will make the vertical
component of the resultant of these two forces zero.
SOLUTION
From the law of cosines
1452 1752  R 2  2 175  R  cos 50q
R 2  224.976 R  9600 0
R 167.747 lb or R 57.229 lb
From the law of sines
sin T sin 50q
175 145
175sin 50q
T sin 1
145
T 67.60q or T 112.40q ............................................................................................. Ans.

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STATICS AND MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 2nd Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
R 167.7 lb m when T 67.60q
R 57.2 lb m when T 112.40q
2-10 A 270-N force and a 400-N force act at point B of the truss shown in Fig. P2-10. A third force F is to be
applied at point B so that the resultant of the three forces is zero. Determine the magnitude of F and its
orientation with respect to the 400-N force.
SOLUTION
Using the law of cosines
R122 2702  4002  2  270  400  cos 50q
R12 306.689 N
From the law of sines
sin T12 sin 50q
270 R12
270sin 50q
T12 sin 1 42.41q
306.689
R12 307 N 42.41q
But R R12  R 3 0
Therefore R3  R12 307 N 42.41q ........................................................................................ Ans.
2-11 Three forces are applied to a bracket mounted on a post as shown in Fig. P2-11. Determine
(a) The magnitude and direction (angle Tx) of the resultant R of the three forces.
(b) The magnitudes of two other forces Fx and Fy that would have the same resultant.
SOLUTION
(a) For the system of forces,
R F1  F2  F3 R12  F3
From the parallelogram of forces constructed using F1 and F2

R12 1202  1402  2 120 140  cos105q

206.631 lb
140sin105q
T12 sin 1 40.878q
206.631
R12 206.631 lb 4.122q
For the second parallelogram of forces

R 1002  206.6312  2 100  206.631 cos85.878q

222.993 lb
206.632sin 85.878q
T sin 1 67.55q
222.993
R 223 lb 22.45q ........................................................................................................ Ans.
(b) From the definition of sine and cosine
Rx 223.993 cos 22.45q 207.0 lb o ...................................................................... Ans.
Ry 223.993 sin 22.45q 85.5 lb p ........................................................................... Ans.

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STATICS AND MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 2nd Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-12 Four forces act on a small airplane in flight, as shown in Fig. P2-12; its weight (25 kN), the thrust provided
by the engine (10 kN), the lift provided by the wings (24 kN), and the drag resulting from its motion through
the air (3 kN). Determine the resultant of the four forces and its line of action with respect to the axis of the
plane.
SOLUTION
For the system of forces,
R F1  F2  F3  F4
R12  F3  F4
R123  F4
From the parallelogram of forces constructed using F1 and F2

R12 32  24 2  2  3 24  cos 90q

24.1868 kN
3sin 90q
T1 sin 1 7.125q
24.1868
R12 24.1868 kN 73.875q
From the parallelogram of forces constructed using R12 and F3

R123 102  R122  2 10  R12  cos 82.875q

25.000 kN
R sin 82.875q
T 2 sin 1 12 73.740q
25.000
R123 25.000 kN 83.740q
Finally, from the parallelogram of forces constructed using R123 and F4

R 252  R123
2
 2  25  R123  cos 6.260q
2.730 kN
R sin 6.260q
T 3 sin 1 123 86.902q
2.730
R 2.730 kN 3.088q .................................................................................................. Ans.
T 13.088q below the xc-axis ......................................................................................... Ans.
2-13 Determine the resultant force R of the three forces applied to the gusset plate shown in Fig. P2-13.
SOLUTION
For the system of forces,
R F1  F2  F3 R12  F3
From the parallelogram of forces constructed using F1 and F2

R12 11, 0002  45002  2 11, 000  4500  cos135q

14,534.565 lb
4500sin135q
T12 sin 1 12.646q
14,534.565
R12 14,534.565 lb 77.354q

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STATICS AND MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 2nd Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
For the second parallelogram of forces

R 90002  R122  2  9000  R12  cos137.354q

22, 015.69 lb
9000sin137.354q
T sin 1 16.078q
22, 015.69
R 22, 020 lb 86.57q ............................................................................Ans.

2-14 Determine the magnitude and direction of the resultant of the three forces shown in Fig. P2-14.
SOLUTION
For the system of forces,
R F1  F2  F3 R12  F3
From the parallelogram of forces constructed using F1 and F2

R12 52  7.52  2  5  7.5  cos130q

11.3780 kN
7.5sin130q
T12 sin 1 30.328q
11.3780
R12 11.3780 kN 20.328q
For the second parallelogram of forces

R 102  R122  2 10  R12  cos 65.328q

11.5961 kN
10sin 65.328q
T sin 1 51.595q
11.5961
R 11.60 kN 71.92q .................................................................................................. Ans.
2-15 Two forces A and B are applied to an eyebolt as shown in Fig. P2-15. If the magnitudes of the two forces are
A = 50 lb and B = 100 lb, calculate and plot the magnitude of the resultant R as a function of the angle TA (0q
d TA d 180q). Also calculate and plot the angle TR that the resultant makes with the force B as a function of
the angle TA. When is the resultant a maximum? When is the resultant a minimum? When is the angle TR a
maximum? Repeat for A = 100 lb and B = 50 lb.
SOLUTION
From the law of cosines

R A2  B 2  2 AB cos T A
From the law of sines
sin T B sin 180q  T A 
A R
A sin T A
TB sin 1
R
For A = 50 lb and B = 100 lb

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STATICS AND MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 2nd Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS

R 502  1002  2  50 100  cos T A

100 1.25  cos T A lb
50sin T A
TB sin 1
100 1.25  cos T A
sin T A
sin 1
2 1.25  cos T A
For A = 100 lb and B = 50 lb

R 1002  502  2 100  50  cos T A

100 1.25  cos T A lb
100sin T A
TB sin 1
100 1.25  cos T A
sin T A
sin 1
1.25  cos T A

2-16 Two forces A and B are applied to a bracket as shown in Fig. P2-16. If the magnitude of the force B is 325
N, calculate and plot the magnitude of the resultant R as a function of the magnitude of the force A (0 d A d
900 N).
SOLUTION
From the law of cosines
R2 3252  A2  2  325  A  cos 75q

R 105, 625  168.2324 A  A2 N

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STATICS AND MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 2nd Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-17 Determine the magnitudes of the u- and v-components of the 1000-lb force shown in Fig. P2-17.
SOLUTION
From the law of sines
Fu 1000 Fv
sin 35q sin100q sin 45q
Fu 582 lb ........................................................................ Ans.
Fv 718 lb ......................................................................... Ans.
2-18 Determine the components of the 3000-N force in the directions of members AB and BC of the truss shown in
Fig. P2-18 when T = 45q.
SOLUTION
From the law of sines
FAB 3000 FBC
sin15q sin 90q sin 75q
FAB 776 N ...................................................................... Ans.
FBC 2900 N .................................................................... Ans.
2-19 Two cables are used to support a stop light as shown in Fig. P2-19. The resultant R of the cable forces Fu and
Fv has a magnitude of 300 lb and its line of action is vertical. Determine the magnitudes of the forces Fu and
F v.
SOLUTION
From the law of sines
Fu 300 Fv
sin 36.87q sin 98.13q sin 45q
Fu 181.8 lb ..................................................................... Ans.
Fv 214.3 lb ..................................................................... Ans.
2-20 Two ropes are used to tow a boat upstream as shown in Fig. P2-20. The resultant R of the rope forces Fu and
Fv has a magnitude of 1500 N and its line of action is directed along the axis of the boat. Determine the
magnitudes of the forces Fu and Fv.
SOLUTION
From the law of sines
Fu 1500 Fv
sin 40q sin110q sin 30q
Fu 1026 N ....................................................................... Ans.
Fv 798 N ......................................................................... Ans.
2-21 Determine the u- and v-components of the 5200-lb force acting on the bracket shown in Fig. P2-21.
SOLUTION
From the law of sines
Fu 5200 Fv
sin 22.38q sin135q sin 22.62q
Fu 2800 lb ...............................................................Ans.
Fv 2830 lb ...............................................................Ans.

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STATICS AND MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 2nd Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-22 A 5000-N force acts in the vertical direction on the block shown in Fig. P2-22. Determine the components of
the force perpendicular to and parallel to the line AB.
SOLUTION
From the law of sines
Fa 5000 Fp
sin 60q sin 90q sin 30q
Fa 4330 N .................................................................................... Ans.
Fp 2500 N .................................................................................... Ans.

2-23 Two forces Fu and Fv are applied to a bracket as shown in Fig. P2-23. If the resultant R of the two forces has
a magnitude of 725 lb and a direction as shown on the figure, determine the magnitudes of the forces Fu and
F v.
SOLUTION
From the law of sines
Fu 725 Fv
sin 47.73q sin 49.40q sin 82.88q
Fu 707 lb .................................................................Ans.
Fv 948 lb ..................................................................Ans.
2-24 A 20-kN force acts on the member shown in Fig. P2-24. Determine the components of the force in the
horizontal and vertical directions (FAC and FBC).
SOLUTION
From the law of sines
FAC 20 FBC
sin 53.13q sin 90q sin 36.87q
FAC 16.00 N ................................................................................. Ans.
FBC 12.00 N ................................................................................. Ans.
2-25 A 500-lb force acts along the line AB shown in Fig. P2-25. Determine the magnitude of the components in
the direction of lines AC and AD.
SOLUTION
From the law of sines
FAD 500 FAC
sin 40.60q sin108.44q sin 30.96q
FAC 271 lb ........................................................Ans.
FAD 343 lb ........................................................Ans.

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STATICS AND MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 2nd Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-26 Two forces Fu and Fv are applied to a bracket as shown in Fig. P2-26. If the resultant R of the two forces has
a magnitude of 375 N and a direction as shown on the figure, determine the magnitudes of the forces Fu and
F v.
SOLUTION
From the law of sines
Fu 375 Fv
sin 70.35q sin 67.38q sin 42.27q
Fu 383 N ...........................................................Ans.
Fv 273 N ...........................................................Ans.
2-27 Three forces are applied to a bracket as shown in Fig. P2-27. The magnitude of the resultant R of the three
forces is 50 kip. If the force F1 has a magnitude of 30 kip, determine the magnitudes of the forces F2 and F3.
SOLUTION
For the system of forces,
R F1  F2  F3 F1  R 23
From the parallelogram of forces constructed using F1 and R23

R23 302  502  2  30  50  cos 75q

51.2205 kip
50sin 75q
T2 sin 1 70.546q
51.2205
R 23 51.2205 kip 27.546q
For the second parallelogram of forces
D 12q  27.546q 39.546q
E 38q  27.546q 10.454q
J 180q  D  E 130q
F3 51.2205 F2
sin E sin J sin D
F2 42.6 kip ....................................................................................................................... Ans.
F3 12.13 kip ..................................................................................................................... Ans.
2-28 A homogeneous cylinder is subjected to the three forces shown in Fig. P2-28. If the resultant of the three
forces is zero, determine the magnitude of N1 and the angle T of the surface to which N1 is normal.
SOLUTION
Since the resultant of the three forces is zero, they must form a closed figure (a triangle). Using the law of sines and
the law of cosines gives

N1 22202  19402  2  2220 1940  cos15q

609.837 N
1940sin15q
T sin 1 55.42q
609.837
N1 610 N ........................................................................ Ans.
T 55.42q .......................................................................... Ans.

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STATICS AND MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 2nd Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-29 Four forces act on the machine component shown in Fig. P2-29. If the resultant of F1, F2, and F3 is horizontal
to the left and has a magnitude of 400 lb, determine the magnitudes of the forces F2 and F3.
SOLUTION
For the system of forces,
F1  F2  F3 F1  R 23 400 lb m
From the force triangle constructed using F1 and R23

R23 4002  8002 894.427 lb

400
T2 tan 1 26.565q
800
R 23 894.427 lb 63.435q
For the second parallelogram of forces
F2 894.427 F3
sin 33.435q sin 75q sin 71.565q
F2 510 lb .......................................................................................................................... Ans.
F3 878 lb ........................................................................................................................... Ans.
2-30 A 140-N light is supported by two cables as shown in Fig. P2-30. If the resultant of the three forces is zero,
determine the force T1 and the angle T.
SOLUTION
Since the resultant of the three forces is zero, they must form a closed figure (a triangle). Using the law of sines and
the law of cosines gives

T1 1402  1552  2 140 155  cos 50q

125.411 N
sin T  40q  sin 50q
140 T1
140sin 50q
T  40q sin 1 58.777q
125.411
T1 125.4 N ........................................................................................................................ Ans.
T 18.77q ............................................................................................................................ Ans.
2-31 Two forces A and B are applied to an eye bolt using ropes as shown in Fig. P2-31. The resultant R of the two
forces has a magnitude R = 4000 lb and makes an angle of 30q with the force A as shown. If both of the
forces pull on the eye bolt as shown (ropes cannot push on the eye bolt), what is the range of angles (Tmin d TB
d Tmax) for which this problem has a solution? Calculate and plot the required magnitudes A and B as
functions of the angle angles TB (Tmin d TB d Tmax). Why is the magnitude of B a minimum when TB = 90q?
SOLUTION
From the law of sines
A 4000 B
sin D sin J sin 30q
J 180q  T B
D 180q  30q  J T B  30q

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STATICS AND MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 2nd Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4000sin T B  30q 
A lb
sin 180q  T B 
4000sin 30q
B lb
sin 180q  T B 
T B t 30q or else A  0
T B d 180q or else B  0
The magnitude of B is a minimum when B is vertical
because that results in the shortest distance from the end
of the 4000 lb force to the horizontal.
2-32 Three forces A, B, and C are applied to an eye bolt using ropes as shown in Fig. P2-32. Force A has a
magnitude A = 50 N, and the resultant of the three forces is zero. If all of the forces pull on the eye bolt as
shown (ropes cannot push on the eye bolt), what is the range of angles (Tmin d TC d Tmax) for which this
problem has a solution? Calculate and plot the required magnitudes B and C as functions of the angle TC
(Tmin d TC d Tmax). Why is the magnitude of C a minimum when TC = 90q?
SOLUTION
Since the resultant of the three forces is zero, they must
form a closed figure (a triangle). Using the law of sines
gives
B 50 C
sin E sin D sin 40q
D 180q  T C
E 180q  40q  D T C  40q
50sin T C  40q 
B kN
sin 180q  T C 
50sin 40q
C kN
sin 180q  T C 
T C t 40q or else B  0
T C  180q or else B C o f
The magnitude of C is a minimum when C is vertical
because that results in the shortest distance from the
end of the 50 kN force to the horizontal.
2-33 Determine the x- and y-components of the 1000-lb force shown in Fig. P2-33.
SOLUTION
Fx 1000 cos 30q 866 lb ............................................................................................... Ans.
Fy 1000sin 30q 500 lb ............................................................................................... Ans.
2-34 Determine the x- and y-components of the 800-N force shown in Fig. P2-34.
SOLUTION
Fx 800sin 25q 338 N ................................................................................................. Ans.
Fy 800 cos 25q 725 N ................................................................................................. Ans.

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STATICS AND MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 2nd Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-35 Determine the x- and y-components of each force shown in Fig. P2-35.
SOLUTION
For the 600 lb force
Fx 600sin 60q 520 lb ................................................................................................. Ans.
Fy 600 cos 60q 300 lb ................................................................................................. Ans.
For the 800 lb force
Fx 800sin 45q 566 lb ............................................................................................ Ans.
Fy 800 cos 45q 566 lb ................................................................................................. Ans.
2-36 Determine the x- and y-components of each force shown in Fig. P2-36.
SOLUTION
F1x  3 5 950  570 N ................................................................................................ Ans.
F1 y  4 5 950  760 N ............................................................................................... Ans.

F2 x  1 
2  800  566 N ...................................................................................... Ans.

F2 y 1 2  800 566 N ............................................................................................ Ans.

2-37 Two forces are applied to a post as shown in Fig. P2-37. Determine
(a) The x- and y-components of each force.
(b) The x’- and y’-components of each force.
SOLUTION
(a) F1x 500 cos 70q 171.0 lb ............................................................................................ Ans.
F1 y 500sin 70q 470 lb ................................................................................................ Ans.
F2 x 750 cos 30q 650 lb ............................................................................................... Ans.
F2 y 750sin 30q 375 lb .......................................................................................... Ans.
(b) F1xc 500sin 25q 211.3 lb ....................................................................................... Ans.
F1 yc 500 cos 25q 453 lb ............................................................................................... Ans.
F2 xc 750 cos15q 724 lb ............................................................................................... Ans.
F2 yc 750sin15q 194.1 lb ............................................................................................. Ans.
2-38 For the 900-N force shown in Fig. P2-38
(a) Determine the x, y, and z scalar components of the force.
(b) Express the force in Cartesian vector form.
SOLUTION
(a) Fxy 900 cos 35q 737.237 N
Fx Fxy cos 60q 369 N .................................................................................................. Ans.
Fy Fxy sin 60q 638 N ................................................................................................... Ans.
Fz 900sin 35q 516 N .................................................................................................. Ans.
(b) F  369 i  638 j  516 k  N .......................................................................................... Ans.

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STATICS AND MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 2nd Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-39 As an automobile rounds a curve, a force F of magnitude 600 lb is exerted on one of the tires, as shown in
Fig. P2-39. Determine the x, y, and z scalar components of the force. The xy plane is parallel to the roadway.
SOLUTION
2 i  2 j  12 k
F Fe 600  97.3 i  97.3 j  584 k  lb
22  22  122
Fx 97.3 lb ....................................................................................................................... Ans.
Fy 97.3 lb ......................................................................................................................... Ans.
Fz 584 lb .......................................................................................................................... Ans.
2-40 A 50-kN force is applied to an eye bolt as shown in Fig. P2-40.
(a) Determine the direction angles Tx, Ty, and Tz.
(b) Determine the x, y, and z scalar components of the force.
(c) Express the force in Cartesian vector form.
SOLUTION
3 i  2 j  2 k
(c) F Fe 50  36.38 i  24.25 j  24.25 k  kN
32  22  22
F  36.4 i  24.3 j  24.3 k  kN .................................................................................. Ans.
(b) Fx 36.4 kN ..................................................................................................................... Ans.
Fy 24.3 kN ..................................................................................................................... Ans.
Fz 24.3 kN ....................................................................................................................... Ans.
36.38
(a) Tx cos 1 136.69q ............................................................................................ Ans.
50
24.25
Ty cos 1 119.01q ............................................................................................ Ans.
50
24.25
Tz cos 1 60.99q ................................................................................................ Ans.
50
2-41 Two forces are applied at a point on a body as shown in Fig. P2-41. Determine
(a) The x- and y- components of each force.
(b) The x’- and y’- components of each force.
SOLUTION
(a) F1x 800sin 40q 514 lb ........................................................................................... Ans.
F1 y 800 cos 40q 613 lb ............................................................................................... Ans.
F2 x 1000 cos 20q 940 lb ............................................................................................. Ans.
F2 y 1000sin 20q 342 lb ............................................................................................. Ans.
(b) F1xc 800sin 70q 752 lb .......................................................................................... Ans.
F1 yc 800 cos 70q 274 lb ............................................................................................... Ans.
F2 xc 1000 cos 50q 643 lb ............................................................................................. Ans.
F2 yc 1000sin 50q 766 lb ............................................................................................. Ans.

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STATICS AND MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 2nd Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-42 Two forces are applied to an eye bolt as shown in Fig. P2-42.
(a) Determine the x, y, and z scalar components of the 30-kN force F1.
(b) Express the 30-kN force F1 in Cartesian vector form.
(c) Determine the magnitude of the rectangular component of the 30-kN force F1 along the line of action of
the 50-kN force F2.
(d) Determine the angle D between the two forces.
SOLUTION
5i  3 j k
(a) F1 F1e1 30  25.355 i  15.213 j  5.071k  kN
52  32  12
F1x 25.4 kN ...................................................................................................................... Ans.
F1 y 15.21 kN ................................................................................................................. Ans.
F1z 5.07 kN ...................................................................................................................... Ans.
(b) F1  25.4 i  15.21 j  5.07 k  kN .................................................................................. Ans.
2i  3 j 2k
(c) e2  0.48507 i  0.72761 j  0.48507 k 
2 2  32  22
F12 F1 ˜ e2  25.355  0.48507    15.213 0.72761   5.071 0.48507 
25.83 kN
F12 25.8 kN ...................................................................................................................... Ans.
(d) F1 ˜ e2 25.83 kN F1 cos D
25.83
D cos1 30.57q ................................................................................................. Ans.
30
2-43 A wire is stretched between two pylons, one of which is shown in Fig. P2-43. The 250-lb force in the wire is
parallel to the xy-plane and makes an angle of 30q with the y-axis. Point A lies in the xz-plane and point C
lies in the yz-plane. Determine
(a) The magnitude of the rectangular component of the 250-lb force in the direction of member AD.
(b) The magnitude of the rectangular component of the 250-lb force in the direction of member CD.
(c) The angle D between members AD and CD.
SOLUTION
(a) F Fe  250sin 30q  i   250 cos 30q  j 125.00 i  216.51 j lb
12 i  18 k
e AD  0.55470 i  0.83205 k 
122  182
9 j  18 k
eCD  0.44721 j  0.89443 k 
92  182
FAD F ˜ e AD 125  0.55470    216.51 0    0  0.83205 
FAD 69.3 lb ....................................................................................................................... Ans.
(b) FCD F ˜ eCD 125 0    216.51 0.44721   0  0.89443
FCD 96.8 lb ....................................................................................................................... Ans.
(c) D cos1  e AD ˜ eCD  41.91q .......................................................................................... Ans.

28
STATICS AND MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 2nd Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-44 The hot-air balloon shown in Fig. P2-44 is tethered with three mooring cables. The force TA in cable AD has
a magnitude of 1860 N.
(a) Express TA in Cartesian vector form.
(b) Determine the magnitude of the rectangular component of the force TA along BD.
(c) Determine the angle D between cables AD and BD.
SOLUTION
20 i  30 j  50 k
(a) TA TAe A 1860  603 i  905 j  1509 k  N .......................... Ans.
202  302  502
16 i  25 j  50 k
(b) e BD  0.27517 i  0.42995 j  0.85990 k 
162  252  502
TA / BD TA ˜ e BD  603 0.27517    905  0.42995    1509  0.85990 
TA / BD 1074 N .................................................................................................................... Ans.
§ T ˜e · § 1074 ·
(c) D cos1  e AD ˜ e BD  cos1 ¨ A BD ¸ cos1 ¨ ¸ 54.72q .......................... Ans.
© TA ¹ © 1860 ¹
2-45 A system of three cables supports the cylinder shown in Fig. P2-45. The magnitude of the force T1 in cable
AO is 2000 lb. Determine
(a) The magnitude of the rectangular component of the force T1 along the line OB.
(b) The angle D between the force T1 and the line OB.
SOLUTION
4i  3 j 6k
(a) T1 T1e1 2000 1024.30 i  768.22 j  1536.44 k  lb
42  32  62
4 i  6 j  4 k
eOB  0.48507 i  0.72761 j  0.48507 k 
42  62  42
TOB T1 ˜ eOB 807.39 lb # 807 lb ................................................................................. Ans.
(b) T1 ˜ eOB 807.39 lb 2000 1 cos D
§ 807.39 ·
D cos1 ¨ ¸ 66.19q .......................................................................................... Ans.
© 2000 ¹
2-46 A 2000-N force F acts on a machine component as shown in Fig. P2-46.
(a) Determine the x, y, and z scalar components of the force.
(b) Express the force in Cartesian vector form.
(c) Determine the angle D between the force and the line AB.
SOLUTION
8 i  14 j  10 k
(a) F Fe 2000 843.27 i  1475.73 j  1054.09 k  N
82  142  102
Fx 843 N ........................................................................................................................... Ans.
Fy 1476 N ........................................................................................................................ Ans.
Fz 1054 N ...................................................................................................................... Ans.
(b) F 843 i  1476 j  1054 k  N ...................................................................................... Ans.

29
STATICS AND MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 2nd Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
150 i  130 j
(c) e AB  0.75569 i  0.65493 j
1502  1302
FAB F ˜ e AB 1603.75 N 2000 1 cos D
1603.75
D cos1 36.69q ............................................................................................. Ans.
2000
2-47 Two flower pots are supported with wires as shown in Fig. P2-47. If D = 6q, the tension force T1 has a
magnitude of 13 lb, and the tension force T2 has a magnitude of 9 lb, determine the magnitude and orientation
of the resultant of the forces T1 and T2.
SOLUTION
T1 13cos 45q i  13sin 45q j  9.1924 i  9.1924 j lb
T2 9 cos 6q i  9sin 6q j  8.9507 i  0.94076 j lb
R T1  T2  9.1924  8.9507  i   9.1924  0.94076  j
 0.2417 i  10.1332 j lb
R 10.14 lb 88.63q ..................................................................................................... Ans.
2-48 Two forces are applied to an eye bolt as shown in Fig. P2-48. Determine the magnitude of the resultant R of
the two forces and the angle Tx between the line of action of the resultant and the x-axis.
SOLUTION
F1 500 cos 60q i  500sin 60q j  250.00 i  433.01 j N
F2 375cos 30q i  375sin 30q j  324.76 i  187.50 j N
R F1  F2  250  324.76  i   433.01  187.50  j
 574.76 i  620.51 j N
R 846 N 47.19q ........................................................................................................ Ans.
2-49 An automobile stuck in a muddy field is being moved by using a cable fastened to a tree as shown in Fig. P2-
49. The forces T1 and T2 in the two segments of the cable each have a magnitude of 650 lb. If the resultant
of the three forces T1, T2, and P is to be zero, determine the magnitude of P.
SOLUTION
T1 650 cos 5q i  650sin 5q j  647.53 i  56.65 j lb
T2 650 cos 5q i  650sin 5q j  647.53 i  56.65 j lb
R T1  T2  P 113.30 j  P 0
P 113.3 j lb
P 113.3 lb ......................................................................................................................... Ans.
2-50 Three forces act on the structural member shown in Fig. P2-50. Determine the resultant of the forces and
express the result in Cartesian vector form.
SOLUTION
Rx 2500 cos 30q  900 1265 N
Ry 2000  2500sin 30q 3250 N
R 1265 i  3250 j N .................................................................................................... Ans.

30
STATICS AND MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 2nd Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-51 Express the resultant of the two forces shown in Fig. P2-51 in Cartesian vector form, and determine the
angles Tx, Ty, and Tz between the line of action of the resultant and the positive coordinate axes.
SOLUTION
F1x 100 cos 44q 71.934 lb
F1 y 0 lb
F1z 100sin 44q 69.466 lb
F2 xy 200 cos 53q 120.363 lb
F2 x F2 xy cos 70q 41.167 lb
F2 y F2 xy sin 70q 113.104 lb
F2 z 200sin 53q 159.727 lb
R F1  F2 113.101i  113.104 j  229.193 k  lb
R 113.1i  113.1 j  229 k  lb .................................................................................... Ans.
R 279.49 lb
113.101
Tx cos 1 66.13q ............................................................................................ Ans.
279.49
113.104
Ty cos 1 66.13q ............................................................................................ Ans.
279.49
229.193
Tz cos 1 34.91q ............................................................................................ Ans.
279.49
2-52 Determine the magnitude R of the resultant of the two forces shown in Fig. P2-52. Also determine the angles
Tx, Ty, and Tz between the line of action of the resultant and the positive coordinate axes.
SOLUTION
F1x 10 cos 67q 3.9073 kN
F1 y 0 kN
F1z 10sin 67q 9.2051 kN
F2 x 0 kN
F2 y 20 cos 60q 10.0000 kN
F2 z 20sin 60q 17.3205 kN
R F1  F2  3.907 i  10.000 j  26.526 k  kN
R 28.616 # 28.6 kN ....................................................................................................... Ans.
3.907
Tx cos 1 82.15q .............................................................................................. Ans.
28.616
10
Ty cos 1 69.55q ............................................................................................. Ans.
28.616
26.526
Tz cos1 22.03q ............................................................................................. Ans.
28.616

31
STATICS AND MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 2nd Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-53 Four forces are applied to the block shown in Fig. P2-53. Determine the magnitude of the resultant and the
angle between the resultant and the x-axis.
SOLUTION
5 2
F1x  700 649.93 lb F1 y 700 259.97 lb
29 29
3 5
F2 x  300 154.35 lb F2 y 300 257.25 lb
34 34
2 5
F3 x 600 222.83 lb F3 y 600 557.09 lb
29 29
2 1
F4 x 900 804.98 lb F4 y 900 402.49 lb
5 5
Rx 223.54 lb Ry 1476.80 lb
R 1494 lb 81.39q ...................................................................................................... Ans.
2-54 Determine the magnitude and orientation of the resultant of the two forces applied to the eye bolt shown in
Fig. P2-54.
SOLUTION
120 240
F1x 100 44.7214 N F1 y 100 89.4427 N
1202  2402 1202  2402
F1z 0N F2 x 0N
90 180
F2 y 75 33.5410 N F2 z 75 67.0820 N
90  180
2 2
902  1802
R F1  F2  44.721i  122.984 j  67.082k  N
R 147.054 # 147.1 N ..................................................................................................... Ans.
44.721
T x cos 1 72.30q ............................................................................................ Ans.
147.054
122.984
T y cos 1 33.25q ............................................................................................ Ans.
147.054
67.082
T z cos1 62.86q ............................................................................................ Ans.
147.054
2-55 The three forces acting on the machine component shown in Fig. P2-55 have magnitudes F1 = 500 lb, F2 =
300 lb, and F3 = 200 lb. Determine the resultant R of the three forces and express the resultant in Cartesian
vector form. Also, determine the angles Tx, Ty, and Tz between the line of action of the resultant and the
positive coordinate axes.
SOLUTION
2 i  35 j  40 k
F1 F1e1 500  18.80 i  329.02 j  376.02 k  lb
22  352  402
9 i  22 j  20 k
F2 F2 e2 300  86.92 i  212.46 j  193.15 k  lb
92  22 2  20 2
F3  200 j lb

32
STATICS AND MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 2nd Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
R F1  F2  F3  105.72 i  83.44 j  569.17 k  lb
R  105.7 i  83.4 j  569 k  lb .................................................................................. Ans.
R 584.89 lb
105.72
Tx cos 1 100.41q ......................................................................................... Ans.
584.89
83.44
Ty cos 1 98.20q ............................................................................................. Ans.
584.89
569.17
Tz cos 1 166.69q ......................................................................................... Ans.
584.89
2-56 Determine the magnitude R of the resultant of the three forces shown in Fig. P 2-56. Also determine the
angles Tx, Ty, and Tz between the line of action of the resultant and the positive coordinate axes.
SOLUTION
F1x 10 cos 26q  cos 42q 6.679 kN F1z 10sin 26q 4.384 kN
F1 y  10 cos 26q  sin 42q 6.014 kN
F2 x  16 cos 40q  sin 35q 7.030 kN F2 z 16sin 40q 10.285 kN
F2 y  16 cos 40q  cos 35q 10.040 kN
F3 x  24 cos 50q  cos 60q 7.713 kN F3 z 24sin 50q 18.385 kN
F3 y  24 cos 50q  sin 60q 13.360 kN
R F1  F2  F3  7.362 i  2.694 j  33.054 k  kN
R 33.971 # 34.0 kN ....................................................................................................... Ans.
7.362
Tx cos 1 77.48q .............................................................................................. Ans.
33.971
2.694
Ty cos 1 94.55q ............................................................................................. Ans.
33.971
33.054
Tz cos1 13.34q .............................................................................................. Ans.
33.971
2-57 Three forces are applied at the corner of the box shown in Fig. P2-57. Determine the magnitude R of the
resultant and the angles Tx, Ty, and Tz between the line of action of of the resultant and the positive coordinate
axes.
SOLUTION
8 i  15 j  20 k
F1 F1e1 10  3.0478 i  5.7145 j  7.6194 k  kip
82  152  20 2
16 i  15 j  20 k
F2 F2 e2 20 10.7811 i  10.1073 j  13.4763 k  kip
16 2  152  20 2
16 i  15 j  5 k
F3 F3e3 25 17.7822 i  16.6708 j  5.5569 k  kip
162  152  52

33
STATICS AND MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 2nd Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
R F1  F2  F3  31.611i  32.493 j  26.653 k  kip
R 52.587 # 52.6 kip ....................................................................................................... Ans.
31.611
Tx cos 1 53.05q .............................................................................................. Ans.
52.587
32.493
Ty cos 1 128.16q ......................................................................................... Ans.
52.587
26.653
Tz cos 1 59.55q .............................................................................................. Ans.
52.587
2-58 The pin A shown in Fig. P2-58 supports a load F of magnitude 1250 N, and is held in place by a wire AD and
compression members AB and AC. If the magnitudes of the forces CB and CC in the compression members
are 995 N and 700 N, respectively, and the resultant of the four forces is zero, determine the magnitude of the
force TD.
SOLUTION
2 i  6 j  2 k
CB 995  300.00 i  900.01 j  300.00 k  N
22  62  22
3i  6 j  2k
CC 700  300.00 i  600.00 j  200.00 k  N
32  62  22
6 j  3 k
TD TD  0.89443TD j  0.44721TD k  N
62  32
F  1250 k  N
Rx 0
Ry 1500.01  0.89443TD 0
Rz 750.00  0.44721TD 0
TD 1677 N ........................................................................................................................ Ans.
2-59 Three forces are applied to an eye bolt as shown in Fig. P2-59. Determine the magnitude R of the resultant of
the forces and the angle Tx between the line of action of the resultant and the x-axis.
SOLUTION
2 1
F1x  5000 4472.136 lb F1 y 5000 2236.068 lb
5 5
1 2
F2 x 2000 894.427 lb F2 y 2000 1788.854 lb
5 5
2 1
F3 x 1000 894.427 lb F3 y 1000 447.214 lb
5 5
Rx 2683.28 lb Ry 4472.14 lb
R 5220 lb 59.04q ...................................................................................................... Ans.

34
STATICS AND MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 2nd Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-60 Two forces, F1 and F2, are applied to an eye bolt as shown in Fig. P2-60. Determine
(a) The magnitude and direction (angle Tx) of the resultant R of the two forces.
(b) The magnitudes of two other forces Fu and Fv (along the axes u and v) that would have the same
resultant.
SOLUTION
(a) F1x 80 cos15q 77.2741 N F1 y 80sin15q 20.7055 N
F2 x 60 cos 26q 53.9276 N F2 y 60sin 26q 26.3023 N
Rx 23.3465 N Ry 47.0078 N
R 52.5 N 63.59q ....................................................................................................... Ans.
(b) D 63.5886q  45q 18.5886q
J 70q  45q 115q
E 180q  D  J 46.4114q
Fu 52.4861 Fv
sin E sin J sin D
Fu 41.9 N ......................................................................................................................... Ans.
Fv 18.46 N ........................................................................................................................ Ans.
2-61 Three forces are applied at a point on a body as shown in Fig. P2-61. Determine the resultant R of the three
forces and the angles Tx, Ty, and Tz between the line of action of the resultant and the positive x-, y-, and z-
coordinate axes.
SOLUTION
2 j  2k
F1 500  353.553j  353.553k  lb
22  22
4i  4 j
F2 800  565.685i  565.685 j lb
42  42
2i  2k
F3 700  494.975i  494.975k  lb
22  22
R F1  F2  F3 1060.660i  919.238 j  848.528k  lb
R 1061i  919 j  849k  lb ......................................................................................... Ans.
R 1640.121 lb
1060.660
T x cos 1 49.71q .......................................................................................... Ans.
1640.121
919.238
T y cos 1 55.91q .......................................................................................... Ans.
1640.121
848.528
T z cos 1 58.84q .......................................................................................... Ans.
1640.121

35
STATICS AND MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 2nd Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-62 Three forces are applied at a point on a body as shown in Fig. P2-62. Determine the resultant R of the three
forces and the angles Tx, Ty, and Tz between the line of action of the resultant and the positive x-, y-, and z-
coordinate axes.
SOLUTION
3 i  2 j  3 k
F1 30  19.1881i  12.7920 j  19.1881k  kN
32  22  32
3 i  4 j  1.5 k
F2 20  11.4939 i  15.3252 j  5.7470 k  kN
32  42  1.52
1.5 i  4 j
F3 25  8.7781i  23.4082 j kN
1.52  4 2
R F1  F2  F3  39.4601i  51.5254 j  24.9351k  kN
R  39.5 i  51.5 j  24.9 k  kN ................................................................................. Ans.
R 69.5250 kN
39.4601
Tx cos 1 124.58q ....................................................................................... Ans.
69.5250
51.5254
Ty cos 1 42.17q ........................................................................................... Ans.
69.5250
24.9351
Tz cos 1 68.98q ............................................................................................ Ans.
69.5250
2-63 Three forces are applied to a stalled automobile as shown in Fig. P2-63. Determine the magnitude of the
force F3 and the magnitude of the resultant R if the line of action of the resultant is along the x-axis.
SOLUTION
F1x 50 cos 48q 33.4565 lb F1 y 50sin 48q 37.1572 lb
F2 x 30 cos 23q 27.6152 lb F2 y 30sin 23q 11.7219 lb
F3 x F3 cos 37q 0.79864 F3 lb F3 y  F3 sin 37q 0.60182 F3 lb
Rx 33.4565  27.6152  0.79864 F3 lb R
Ry 37.1572  11.7219  0.60182 F3 0 lb
F3 81.2 lb .......................................................................................................................... Ans.
R 125.9 lb ......................................................................................................................... Ans.
2-64 Three cables are used to drag a heavy crate along a horizontal surface as shown in Fig. P2-64. The resultant
R of the forces has a magnitude of 2800 N and its line of action is directed along the x-axis. Determine the
magnitudes of the forces F1 and F3.
SOLUTION
F1x F1 cos 30q 0.86603F1 N F1 y F1 sin 30q 0.50000 F1 N
F2 x 1600 cos10q 1575.6924 N F2 y 1600sin10q 277.8371 N
F3 x F3 cos 45q 0.70711F3 N F3 y  F3 sin 45q 0.70711F3 N
Rx 0.86603F1  1575.6924  0.70711F3 2800 N

36
STATICS AND MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 2nd Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
Ry 0.50000 F1  277.8371  0.70711F3 0N
F1 1100 N ......................................................................................................................... Ans.
F3 385 N ........................................................................................................................... Ans.
2-65 Two forces are applied at a point in a body as shown in Fig. P2-65. Determine
(a) The magnitude and direction (angles Tx, Ty, and Tz) of the resultant R of the two forces.
(b) The magnitude of the rectangular component of the force F1 along the line of action of the force F2.
(c) The angle D between forces F1 and F2.
SOLUTION
1.5 i  6 j  4.5 k
(a) F1 F1e1 150  29.4174 i  117.6697 j  88.2523 k  lb
1.52  62  4.52
1.5
F2 x 120 cos 60q  36.0000 lb
2.5
2
F2 y  120 cos 60q  48.0000 lb
2.5
F2 z 120sin 60q 103.9231 lb
R  65.4174 i  69.6697 j  192.1754 k  lb
R 214.6269 lb # 215 lb ................................................................................................ Ans.
65.4174
Tx cos 1 72.25q ......................................................................................... Ans.
214.6269
69.6697
Ty cos 1 71.06q ......................................................................................... Ans.
214.6269
192.1754
Tz cos1 26.44q ......................................................................................... Ans.
214.6269
F1 ˜ F2 4582.333
(b) F1/ 2 38.2 lb ................................................................................ Ans.
F2 120
F1 ˜ F2 4582.333
(c) D cos1 cos1 75.25q ............................................................. Ans.
F2 150 120 
2-66 Three forces are applied with cables to the anchor block shown in Fig. P2-66. Determine
(a) The magnitude and direction (angles Tx, Ty, and Tz) of the resultant R of the three forces.
(b) The magnitude of the rectangular component of the force F1 along the line of action of the force F2.
(c) The angle D between forces F1 and F3.
SOLUTION
2.4 i  2.7 j  3.6 k
(a) F1 136  64.000 i  72.000 j  96.000 k  N
2.42  2.7 2  3.62
0.6 i  1.8 j  2.7 k
F2 250  45.455 i  136.364 j  204.545 k  N
0.62  1.82  2.7 2
3.6 i  1.2 j  0.9 k
F3 325  300.000 i  100.000 j  75.000 k  N
3.62  1.22  0.92
R  409.455 i  164.364 j  375.545 k  N

37
STATICS AND MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 2nd Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
R 579.399 N # 579 N ................................................................................................... Ans.
409.455
T x cos 1 45.03q ........................................................................................... Ans.
579.399
164.364
T y cos 1 106.48q ....................................................................................... Ans.
579.399
375.545
T z cos 1 49.60q ............................................................................................ Ans.
579.399
F1 ˜ F2 12, 727.232
(b) F1/ 2 50.9 N ............................................................................ Ans.
F2 250
F1 ˜ F3 19, 200
(c) D cos1 cos 1 64.25q ............................................................ Ans.
F1 F3 136  325

38