Digital WaterMarking- A

Gentle Introduction
By Abhishek Kumar Rai
B.Tech (IT)
7th Semester
National Institute of Technology
What Is Watermarking?
 A recognizable image or pattern in paper
that appears lighter when viewed by
transparent light
 The process of embedding information in

another object or signal.

 Long used in Currency, Cheques,etc.
So what is Digital WaterMarking?
 Technique which allows an individual to add
hidden copyright notices or other verification
messages to digital media.
 Media cane be anything, from documents to

video files.
Types of Watermarking
 Visible
 Invisible
Watermark Categories
 Robust
 Fragile
 Semi-Fragile
Structure of Typical Watermarking
System
1. Watermarking Embedding Unit
2. Watermark Detection & Extraction Unit
Terminology of Digital Watermarkng
 Cover Signal
 WaterMark
 WaterMarked Signal
 Payload
 Water marking Scheme
 Embedding Key
 Extracting key
Watermark Attributes
 Imperceptibilty
 Robustness
 Capacity
 Security
Types of Watermark Algos
 Non Blind
 Semi blind
 Blind
WaterMarking Techniques
 Spatial Domain Watermarking
Spread Spectrum Technique
 Transform Domain Watermarking

Discrete Cosine Transform

Discrete Fourier Transform
Different Media for Watermarking
 Text
 Image
 Audio
 Video
 Softwares
Applications of Digital Watermarking
 Executable Watermarking
 Labeling
 Fingerprinting
 Authentication
 Copy and Playback control
 Signaling
Attacks on WaterMarks

 Subtraction Attacks
 Distortive Attacks
 Additive Attacks
 Filtering Attacks
 Cropping Attacks
 Compression
 Rotation and Scaling
 Statistical Averaging
 Multiple Watermarking
 Attacks at other Levels
Limitations of WaterMarking
 Does not prevent copying or distribution
 Not a complete solution for access/copy

control or copyright protection

 Cannot survive every possible attack.
CHALLENGES IN WATERMARKING
RESEARCH
 Lack of protocols
 Standards and benchmarking
 Lacks comprehensive mathematical theory
 Need to develop watermarks that survive on

all attacks
 How the legal system adopt it.
TRENDS IN WATERMARKING
RESEARCH
 Color image watermarking
 Watermarking of maps graphics and cartoons
 Protection against piracy
 For secure transmission of messages.
 Information theoretic issues are also an

interesting area..
Conclusion
 Digital Watermarking is a new and imerging
area of research
 Has numerous application ranging from

cryptography to prevention of piracy.

 Copyright protection is a major issue and this

helps in solving it.

 The area needs some dedicated efforts and is

ours for taking.

Thank You.