Organic compound that has two acyl

groups bound to the same oxygen atom.

GENERAL FORMULA : ( CH3CO)2O

NOMENCLATURE

R = R’ Alkanoic Anhydride

R = R’ Alkanoic Anhydride

The name of the related acid is used first, followed by the

separate word "anhydride".
Example :

(CH3(CH2)2CO)2O butanoic anhydride

CH3COOCOCH2CH3 ethanoic propanoic anhydride

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ACID ANHYDRIDE

Capable of forming hydrogen bonding.

Have higher melting points and boiling points than other organic

compounds with comparative molecular masses.

Dissolve in water.

Solubility decreases with increasing molecular mass.

 SYNTHESIS OF ACID ANHYDRIDE

Heat 2 carboxylic acid with P2O5 to form acid anhydride.

React acid chloride with carboxylic acid.

RELATIVE REACTIVITY OF ACID ANHYDRIDE

HYDROLYSIS
Acid Anhydrides + H2O 2 equivalent Carboxylic Acid

RELATIVE REACTIVITY OF ACID ANHYDRIDE

ALCOHOLYSIS
Acid Anhydrides + R-OH Ester + Carboxylic Acid
 RELATIVE REACTIVITY OF ACID ANHYDRIDE

AMMONOLYSIS
Acid Anhydrides + NH3 + NH2 Amide