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ACIDS & its DERIVATIVES

C nH2nO2

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

↓ ↓

1. Acidic to litmus. 1. Neutral.


2. Liberates CO2 on adddition NaHCO3. 2. Sweet smeeling oily
3. Rcooh (mono carboxylic acid or alkanoic acid) liquid.(RCOOR’)

C2H4O2 ------------ > represents CH 3COOH or HCOOCH3.

C 3H6O2----------------- represents CH3CH2COOH or CH3COOCH3 or HCOOC2H5 .

GENERAL METHOD OF PREPARATION :

H2O

A. R−CO-O-CO-R -------------------------------------- 2RCOOH

(Acidic anhydride)

H2O

B. RCOOR’ -------------------------------------- RCOOH + R’OH

H+/H2O

H2O

C. RCOCl -------------------------------------- RCOOH + HCl

H2O

D. RCONH 2 ------------------------------------- RCOOH + NH3


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ACIDS & its DERIVATIVES

H 2O

E. RCN --------------------------------------- RCOOH + N2

GENERAL REACTION OF ACIDS :

P 2O5 / ∆

1. RCOOH + RCOOH ------------------------- R-CO-O-CO-R

R’OH

2. R-CO-O-CO-R ----------------------- RCOOR’

NH3/∆

3. R-CO-O-CO-R ---------------------------- RCONH2

R’OH/Conc. H 2SO4

4. RCOOH + RCOOH --- ---------------------- RCOOR’

NH 3 /∆

5. RCOOH + RCOOH ----------------------------  RCOONH4

-H2O/∆

6. RCOONH 4 ----------------------------------------- RCONH2


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ACIDS & its DERIVATIVES

NH3 / ∆

7. RCOOR’ --------------------------------- RCONH2

dil HCl/∆ RCOOH + NH4Cl

dil NaOH / ∆ RCOONa + NH3

8. RCONH2
-------------------------------------

P2O5 / ∆ RCN

NaNO2 / HCl RCOOH

H+2 //KOH
Br H2O RNH2 RCOOH

Na-Hg / H2O RCH2NH2

SnCl2 RCHO

Na-Hg / H2O RCH2NH2


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ACIDS & its DERIVATIVES

9. RCN ---------------------------------

zPCl 5/PCl5 /SOCl2

10. RCOOH --------------------------------------  RCOCl

R’OH

11. RCOCl -------------------------------------  RCOOR’

-HCl

H2/Pd-BaSO4

12. RCOCl --------------------------------------  RCHO


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ACIDS & its DERIVATIVES

H.V.Z. Reaction / (Hell - Vohlard – Zelansky) reaction :

In this reaction α- halo acids are produced .

Red P4 / Cl2

CH 3COOH ---------------------------------- CH2ClCOOH

Red P4 / Br2

CH 3CH2COOH ------------------------------- CH3CHBrCOOH

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