Honors Textbook Problems

Chapter 05

Pages 184 -- 187

HW-01

01. Can the speed of an object change if the net work done on it is zero?
No

07. A person lifts a 4.5 kg cement block a vertical distance of 1.2 m and then carries the block horizontally a
distance of 7.3 m. Determine the work done by the person and by the force of gravity in this process.
By the person: W = F d cos θ = (+mg) (+1.2) cos 0 = + 52.9 J
By gravity: W = F d cos θ = (-mg) (+1.2) cos 0 = - 52.9 J

09. When catching a baseball, a catcher’s glove moves by 10 cm along the line of motion of the ball. If the
baseball exerts a force of 475 N on the glove, how much work is done by the ball?
Work = W = F d cos θ = (475) (0.10) cos 0 = 47.5 J

HW-02:

15. A satellite is in circular orbit above Earth’s surface. Why is work done on the satellite by the gravitational force
zero? What does the work-kinetic energy theorem predict about the satellite’s speed?
Since the satellite is in circular orbit, the direction of the velocity is tangential to the orbit, and therefore perpendicular to the direction of the
gravitational force. Since no component of the force is in the direction of travel, now work is done.

17. Explain why more energy is needed to walk up stairs than to walk horizontally at the same speed.
To walk up steps requires energy do ‘do’ work against the force of gravity.

19. What is the kinetic energy of an automobile with a mass of 1250 kg traveling at a speed of 11 m/s?
K = ½ m v² = (0.5) (1250) (11)² = 75,625 J

21. A 50.0 kg diver steps off a diving board and drops straight down into the water. The water provides an upward
average net force of 1500 N. If the diver comes to rest 5.0 m below the water’s surface, what is the total
distance between the diving board and the diver’s stopping point underwater?
Work is done to stop the diver: W = F d = (1500) (5.0) cos 180 = - 7500 J
Kinetic Energy when the diver entered the water = 7500 J
Potential Energy when the diver jumped = 7500 J = m g h  h = 7500 / 50 / 9.8 = 15.3 m (drop above water)

Total drop = 15.3 + 5.0 = 20.3 m

HW-03:

23. A 55 kg skier is at the top of a slope, as shown in

the figure at the right. At the initial point A, the
skier is 10.0 m vertically above the final point B.

(a) Set the zero level for gravitational potential

energy at B, and find the gravitational
potential energy associated with the skier at
point A and B. Then the difference in
potential energy between these two points.
At point A: U = mgh = (55)(9.8)(10) = 5390 J
At point B: U = mgh = (55)(9.8)(0) = 0
∆U = 5390 J

(b) Repeat this problem with the zero level at
point A.
At point A: U = mgh = (55)(9.8)(0) = 0
At point B: U = mgh = (55)(9.8)(-10) = - 5390 J
∆U = 5390 J
(c) Repeat this problem with the zero level
midway down the slope, at a height of 5.0 m.
At point A: U = mgh = (55)(9.8)(5) = 2695 J
At point B: U = mgh = (55)(9.8)(-5) = - 2695 J
∆U = 5390 J

25. A spring has a force constant of 500.0 N/m. Show that the potential energy stored in the spring is as follows:
Force = -kx = -500.0 x
The slope of the Force-vs-x curve has a constant value of k
The area under the Force-vs-x curve is the work done compressing the spring: W = ½ k x² = 250 x²

(a) 0.400 J when the spring is stretched 4.00 cm from equilibrium

∆U = work done = 250 x² = (250) (0.04)² = 0.4 J

(b) 0.225 J when the spring is compressed 3.00 cm from equilibrium

∆U = work done = 250 x² = (250) (0.03)² = 0.225 J

(c) zero when the spring is unstretched

∆U = work done = 250 x² = (250) (0.0)² = 0 J

HW-04:

27. Discuss the energy transformations that occur

during the pole-vault event show in the
photograph at the right. Disregard rotational
motion and air resistance.
* Man K-right converted to pole U
* Pole U converted to man K-upward
* Man K-upward converted to man U
* Man U converted to man K-downward
29. Discuss the work done and change in mechanical energy as an athlete does the following:

(a) lifts a weight

work done against gravity lifting causes change (increase) in potential energy at the top of the lift

(b) holds the weight up in a fixed position

no work is done

(c) lowers the weight slowly

work with gravity lowering the weight causes change (reduction) in potential energy

31. Advertisements for a toy ball once stated that it would rebound to a height greater than the height from which it
was dropped. Is this possible?
No

33. A child and sled with a combined mass of 50.0 kg slide down a frictionless hill that is 7.34 m high. If the sled
starts from rest, what is its speed at the bottom of the hill?
U at the top of the hill: U = m g h = (50) (9.8) (7.34) = 3596.6 J
K at the bottom of the hill: K = 3596.6 = ½ m v²  v² = (2) (3596.6) / (50) = 143.864  11.994 = 12.0 m/s

HW-05:

35. If an automobile engine delivers 50.0 hp of power, how much time will it take for the engine to do 6.40 x 105 J
of work?
4
50.0 hp = (50) (746) = 3.73 x 10 J / s
5 4
Time required = (6.40 x 10 ) / (3.73 x 10 ) = 64 / 3.73 = 17.158 = 17.2 s

37. A 215 g particle is released from rest at point A inside a smooth

hemispherical bowl of radius 30.0 cm, as shown in the figure at the
right. Calculate the following:

(a) the gravitational potential energy at A relative to B

We note that Point A is a distance R above point B
U = m g h = (0.215) (9.8) (0.3) = 0.6321 = 0.632 J

(b) the particle’s kinetic energy at B

K = 0.632 J

(c) the particle’s speed at B

K = 0.6321 = ½ m v²  v² = (2) (0.6321) / (0.215) = 5.88
v = 2.4249 = 2.42 m/s

(d) the potential energy and kinetic energy at C

U = m g h = (0.215) (9.8) (2/3) (0.30) = 0.4214 = 0.421 J
K = 0.6321 – 0.4214 = 0.2107 = 0.211 J

38. A person doing a chin-up weighs 700.0 N, disregarding the weight of the arms. During the first 25.0 cm of the
lift, each arm exerts an upward force of 355 N on the torso. If the upward movement starts from rest, what is
the person’s speed at this point?
Total work done: W = F d = (Fleft arm + Fright arm) (0.25) = (710) (0.25) = 177.5 J
Change in U: U = m g h = (700) (0.25) = 175 J
Change in K: K = ½ m v² = (177.5 – 175) = 2.5 = ½ (700/9.8) v²  v² = (2)(2.5)(9.8) / (700) = 0.07
v = 0.26458 = 0.265 m/s
39. A 50.0 kg pole vaulter running at 10.0 m/s vaults over the bar. If the vaulter’s horizontal component of velocity
over the bar is 1.0 m/s and air resistance is disregarded, how high was the jump?
Initial K: K = ½ m v² = (0.5) (50) (10)² = 2500 J
K going over bar: K = ½ m v² = (0.5) (50) (1) = 25 J
U going over bar: U = 2500 – 25 = 2475 = m g h  h = (2475) / 50 / 9.8 = 5.051 = 5.10 m

41. Tarzan and Jane, whose total mass is 130.0 kg, start their swing on a 5.0 m long vine when the vine is at an
angle of 30.0° with the horizontal. At the bottom of the arc, Jane, whose mass is 50.0 kg, releases the vine.
What is the maximum height at which Tarzan can land on a branch after his swing continues? (Hint: Treat
Tarzan’s and Jane’s energies as separate quantities.)
U at beginning of swing: U = m g h = (130) (9.8) (5 – 5 cos 60) = 3185 J
K at the bottom of swing: K = 3185 = ½ m v²  v² = (2) (3185) / (130) = 49
KTarzan at bottom: KTarzan = ½ m v² = (0.5) (80) (49) = 1960

UTarzan at new top: UT = 1960 J = m g hnew  hnew = (1960) / (80) / (9.8) = 2.5 m