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This section describes how to generate +5V and +12V DC power supply
The power supply section is the important one. It should deliver constant output regulated power
supply for successful working of the project. A 0-12V/500 mA transformer is used for this
purpose. The primary of this transformer is connected in to main supply through on/off switch&
fuse for protecting from overload and short circuit protection. The secondary is connected to the
diodes to convert 12V AC to 12V DC voltage. And filtered by the capacitors ,Which is further
regulated to +5v, by using IC 7805
Analog signals are very common inputs to embedded systems .Most transducers and sensors such as
temperature ,pressure ,velocity ,humidity are analog. Therefore we need to convert these analog
signals in to digital so that 8051 can read it.
ABOUT IC
PinOut
• CS – Chip Select , active low
• RD – Read Digital data from ADC, H-L edge triggered
• WR -- Start conversion, L-H pulse edge triggered
• INTR -- end of conversion, Goes low to indicate conversion done
• Data bits -- D0-D7
• CLK IN & CLK R
– CLK IN is an input pin connected to an external clock source when an external clock is used for
timing. However, ADC804 has an internal clock
generator.
To use the internal clock generator of the ADC804, the CLK IN and CLK R pins are connected to a
capacitor and a resistor. In that case, the
clock frequency is determined by the equation.
f = 1/1.1RC
R=10K and C=150pF f=606Hz
the conversion time is 110us.
Vref/2 Vin
Input Voltage range Step size (mV)
(Volts) (Volts)
• Default 0-5V. Can be changed by setting different Open (2.5) 0 to 5 5/256 = 19.53
value for Vref/2 pin. 2.56 0 to 5.12 5.12/256 =20
Vin=Vin(+) – Vin (-) 1.28 0 to 2.56 2.56/256 = 10
0.5 0 to 1 1/256=3.90
• Range = 0 to 2x Vref/2.
for Vin = 2x Vref/2. we get 256 as a digital output on D0-D7. (Refer Table)
•Step Size a Smallest change
– (2 x Vref/2)/ 256 for ADC804
for eg for step size 10mv ,digital output on D0-D7 changes by one count for every 10mv change of
the input analog voltage.
Data Out
Dout = Vin / Step Size
for input vtg. of 2.56 volts (Vref=1.28 volts) and stepsize of 10mv Dout =2560/10 =256 or FF that is
full scale output.
Conversion Time
Greater than 110us for ADC804
Resolution
8 bits for ADC804
Algorithm
• Make CS=0 and send a low-to-high to pin WR to start the conversion.
• Keep monitoring INTR
– If INTR =0, the conversion is finished and we can go to the next step.
– If INTR=1, keep polling until it goes low.
• After INTR=0, we make CS=0 and send a high-to-low pulse to RD to get the data out of the ADC804
chip.
ASSEMBLY LANGUEGE (A51)
ADC_IO:
mov P1, #0xff ; To configure as input
AGAIN
clr p3.7 ;Chip select
setb P3.6 ;RD=1
clr P3.5 ;WR=0
setb P3.5 ;WR=1- low to high transition
WAIT:
jb P3.4, WAIT ;wait for INTR
clr p3.7 ;generate cs to ADC
clr P3.6 ;RD=0 -High to low transition
mov A, P1 ;read digital o/p
sjmp AGAIN