Type HORM 4

Pilot Wire Protection Relay

Type HORM 4
Pilot Wire Protection Relay
HORM 4 relay
withdrawn from case
Features
l High speed operation.
l Equipped with supervision and
injection facilities.
l Pilot circuits upto 1000 ohms and
1 microfarad.
l Upto four output contacts
available.
Application
This is a well established type of
protection for feeders. It is based on
the Merz-Price circulating current
system and suitable for operation
over privately owned two core pilots
with a relatively high core resistance
(upto 1000 ohms. loop) and low
intercore insulation level.
The majority of plain feeders can be
protected with this form of
protection, which features a unit
protection scheme with no time or
current grading problems even on
ring circuits.
Relay description
The three line currents are
summated by a summation
transformer with a centre tap to
provide a single phase current for
comparison over a pilot circuit.
A padding resistor is provided to
adjust the pilot loop resistance to a
constant value of 1000 ohms, thus
ensuring that the settings remain
close to the design value for all pilot
circuits. The padding resistance is
set to 0.5 (1000-Rp) on each relay,
where Rp is the pilot loop resistance
in ohms.
The operation of HORM4 relay can
be understood by referring to
Figure 2 which shows the basic
circuit 2(c) and voltage distribution
around the pilots during one full
cycle of the current wave [2(a) and
2(b)] during a through-fault/load.
From Figure 2(c) it will be seen that
the relay operating coil is basically
connected between the midpoint of
the diodes D4/D5 and the centre-
tap of the summation CT secondary
winding. The relay can operate
therefore, only if the potential of
points a/b or c/d is positive with
respect to winding mid-points O’ &
O” respectively.
Figure 2(a) shows the voltage
distribution around the pilots during
the positive half-cycle. It also shows
the components around the pilot
loop circuit which are active during
this half-cycle of current flow. It is
obvious from the voltage diagram
that the potential of points a/b and
c/d can either be zero or negative,
but never positive. The same
situation results during negative
half-cycle also (see Figure 2(b)).
Stability is thus achieved during
through faults and load.
During internal faults, say, with
infeeds from both ends, diodes D4
and D5 will allow the current from
each half of the summation
transformer secondary to flow
through the relay during alternate
half cycles thereby causing fast relay
operation.
Pilot supervision
Reliability of the pilot wire protection
depends greatly on the integrity of
pilots. It is therefore necessary to
monitor the healthiness of the
interconnecting pilots continuously
and sound an alarm in case the
pilots are found faulty. Pilot wire
supervision is usually carried out by
injecting a small dc current into the
pilot circuit and monitoring its
continuity of flow.
The pilot supervision circuits are
shown in Figure1 itself. Capacitors
C1 are provided to block the dc
supervision current from flowing
through the relay. A rectified ac
current of about 4.8 mA is injected
into the pilots at one end through
the injection transformer IT, rectifier
Rt resistor r1 and choke L. At the
other end, a sensitive attracted
armature unit RL1 is connected
across the pilots throgh resistor r1
and diode d1 and choke L. Relay RL1
normally remains picked-up under
pilot healthy conditions. It drops-off
only when:
i) pilots are opened
ii) pilots are shorted
iii) pilots are cross-connected.
When RL1 drops off an alarm is
given by the N/C contact of a
follower relay RL2. RL2 is slugged on
drop off to allow for momentary
resetting of RL1 during heavy
through fault conditions which can
reduce or neutralise the dc
supervision currents cyclically and
cause RL1 to drop off intermittently.
Technical data
Current rating
1A/5A
Rated frequency
50 Hz
Current setting
For N = 3 CT requirements
Neutral connection in CT secondary Minimum knee point voltage of line
should be made to terminal 9. CTs
A–B 125
50 + 1f (RCT + 2RL) volts
B–C 125 VK =
In
C–A 62
A–B–C 72 where
For N = 5 In = Rated current of relay (A)
Neutral connection should be made If = Max through-fault current
to terminal 10. under steady state
l Sending end: conditions referred to the
upto 2 x receiving end. CT secy. circuit (A).
Drop-off/pick-up value of relay RCT = Resistance of line CT secy.
winding (ohms)
25% of setting
RL = Resistance of a single lead
Aux. voltage relay & from the line CTs to the
supervision relay (ohms).
(a) 220, 110, 50/48, 30V dc
The knee point voltage of a current
(b) Injection: 240V ac 50 Hz.
transformer is expressed as the
Operating time voltage, applied to the secy. winding
with the primary on open circuit,
60 m.secs. at 3 x Is.
which when increased by 10%
causes the magnetising current to
Throughfault stability
increase by 50%.
50 times relay rating
It is not recommended that any
Accuracy other burdens should be connected
±10% of setting in the same current transformer
circuit but where this is unavoidable
Thermal rating the additional burdens should be
added into the above expression for
20 x rated current for 3 secs.
knee point voltage. In addition to
the above, the secondary
Pilot
magnetising current of the current
Any type of pilot having an transformers at opposite ends of the
insulation grade which can feeder should not differ by more
withstand 500V between cores may than 0.05 In at
be used. The pilots should have a
loop resistance excluding the relay 50 volts.
of 1000 ohms. and a total intercore In
capacitance of less than 1.0
microfarad. The pilot circuit should Contacts
be capable of standing a pressure Four make contacts are provided on
test of 5 KV rms between the two HORM 4. One normally closed
cores connected together and earth. contact on supervision for pilot
alarm.
Contact rating
Make and carry Make and carry
Current continuously for 1 second Break

l Receiving end: AC 1250VA with 7500VA with 1250VA with

Summation ratio 1/1/N maxima of 5A maxima of 30A maxima of
and 660V and 660V 5A and 660V
Type of fault Fault settings [%In]
N=3 N=5 DC 1250W with 7500W with 100W (resistive)
maxima of 5A maxima of 30A 50W (inductive)
A-N 25 18 and 660V and 660V L/R = 0.04 second
B-N 32 21 with maxima of 5A & 660V
C-N 42 25
 alarm

Figure 1:
Typical schematic diagram of relay type HORM 4
with pilot supervision

’ D1

Figure 2:
Behaviour of HORM 4 during external fault
Insulation Environmental withstand Case size
The relay will withstand 5 kV for The relay meets the requirements 1-1/2, D.E. – HORM 4
1 second between the pilot and of BS 2011 to clause 20/40/4 ID, S.E. - injection and
case circuit and all other and is satisfactory for normal supervision
independent circuits. 2 kV rms for use.
1 minute between all other case
terminals connected together and
Information required
Mechanical durability with order
the case.
The relay will perform a
2 kV rms for 1 minute between minimum of 10,000 operations. Current rating 1A or 5A
all other independent circuits of
the relay including contact
circuits.
1 kV rms for 1 minute across the
contacts of the normally open
outgoing contact pairs.
 ALSTOM Limited Pallavaram Works: 19/1, GST Road, Pallavaram, Chennai-600 043. India.
Tel: 91-044-2368621 Fax: 91-044-2367276 Email: plw.applications@alstom.sprintrpg.eml.vsnl.net.in.
© 1998 ALSTOM Limited

Our policy is one of continuous development. Accordingly the design of our products may change at any time. Whilst every effort is made to produce up to date literature, this brochure should
only be regarded as a guide and is intended for information purposes only. Its contents do not constitute an offer for sale or advice on the application of any product referred to in it.
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PR:032:0799:A Printed in India.