Slajd 1

Kwasy karboksylowe

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Slajd 2

Związki zawierające ugrupowanie

karbonylowe

kwas karboksylowy ester bezwodnik kwasowy

chlorek acylu bromek acylu amid

halogenek acylu

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Slajd 3

względna reaktywnośc pochodnych kwasów karboksylowych

chlorek acylu bezwodnik ester kwas karboksylowy amid

rosnąca aktywność

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Slajd 4

Kwasy karboksylowe reagują według tego samego

mechanizmu

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Slajd 5

Nazewnictwo kwasów
karboksylowych

nazwa systematyczna: kwas metanowy kwas etanowy kwas propanowy kwas butanowy
nazwa zwyczajowa: kwas mrówkowy kwas octowy kwas propionowy kwas masłowy

kwas pentanowy kwas heksanowy kwas propenowy

kwas walerianowy kwas akrylowy kwas benzenokarboksylowy
kwas benzoesowy

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Slajd 6

kwas α-chloropropanowy kwas γ-aminobutanowy

kwas β-metylobutanowy
(kwas izowalerianowy)

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Slajd 7

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Slajd 8

Dimery kwasów karboksylowych

stabilizowane wiązaniem wodorowym

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Slajd 9

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Slajd 10

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Slajd 11

najwięcej najmniej mniej

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Slajd 12

Sole kwasów karboksylowych

mrówczan sodu octan potasu

beznoesan sodu

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Slajd 13

kwas karboksylowy silna zasada sól

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Slajd 14

sól odtworzony kwas

przykład

octan sodu kwas octowy

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Slajd 15

kwas octowy kwas chlorooctowy kwas dichlorooctowy kwas trichlorooctowy

mocniejszy kwas

kwas 4-chlorooctowy kwas 3-chlorooctowy kwas 2-chlorooctowy

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Slajd 16

alkohol alkoholan

kwas karboksylowy

anion karboksylanowy
energia

stabilizacja anionu
karboksylanowego

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Slajd 17

Estry

octan etylu 3-bromobutanonian

propanonian fenylu metylu cykloheksanokarboksylan
etylu

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Slajd 18

kwas alkohol ester

przykład

kwas ftalowy ktalan dimetylu

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Slajd 19

Mechanizm estryfikacji katalizowanej

kwasem

protonowany kwas karboksylowy

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Slajd 20

stabilizowane rezonansem ester

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Slajd 21

Aktywowanie kwasów
karboksylowych

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Slajd 22

Otrzymywanie chlorków kwasowych

bezwodnik chlorosiarczanowy

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Slajd 23

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Slajd 24

lub
przykład

chlorek tionylu

kwas oleinowy

chlorek oleilu

chlorek oksalilu

kwas 3-fenylopropanowy

kwas 3-fenylopropanowy

chlorek 3-fenylopropioilu

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Slajd 25

lub
kwas chlorek kwasowy ester

przykład

kwas benzoesowy chlorek benzoilu benzoesan etylu

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Slajd 26

Estry cykliczne nazywane są

laktonami

δ-kaprolakton β-butyrylolakton γ-butyrylolakton γ-kaprolakton

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Slajd 27

kwas diazometan ester metylowy

przykład

kwas cyklobutanokarboksylowy cyklobutanokarboksylan metylu

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Slajd 28

Reakcje estrów
hydroliza

octan metylu kwas octowy

transestryfikacja

benzoesan metylu benzoesan etylu

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Slajd 29

mechanizm hydrolizy estrów katalizowany jonem wodorotlenowym

Ta reakcja jest nieodwracalna

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Slajd 30

aminoliza

propionian etylu N-metylopropionamid

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Slajd 31

Tłuszcze są triestrami glicerolu

tłuszcz glicerol sól sodowa kwasów tłuszczowych

mydło

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Slajd 32

Amidy

etanoamid 4-chlorobutanoamid
acetamid benzenokarboksyamid
benzamid
cis-2-etylocykloheksanokarboksyamid

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Slajd 33

Otrzymywanie amidów

chlorek kwasowy amina amid

przykład

chlorek acetylu metyloamina N-metyloacetamid

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Slajd 34

kwas amina sól amonowa kwasu karboksylowego amid

kwas etyloamina benzoesan etyloamoniowy N-etylobenzamid

benzoesowy

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Slajd 35

Odwodnienie amidów

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Slajd 36

Hydroliza amidów

N-etyloacetamid

N-metylobenzamid

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Slajd 37

Reakcje bezwodników

bezwodnik octowy octan etylu kwas octowy

bezwodnik benzoesowy kwas benzoesowy

bezwodnik propionowy N-metylopropionamid

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Slajd 38

mechanizm przekształcenia bezwodnika w ester

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Slajd 39

kwas alkohol
pierwszorzędowy
przykład

kwas fenylooctowy 2-fenyloetanol

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Slajd 40

chlorek aldehyd
kwasowy
przykład

kwas izobutanowy chlorek izobutyrylu aldehyd izobutylowy

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Slajd 41

przykład

kwas benzoesowy propylofenon

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