Science

Chapter 1: Being a scientist
A N S W E R S
1.1 Science equipment wordfind
R H S U R B E B U T T S E T W K
X T E T L E N N U F L O R E N C E T
W S A F E T Y G L A S S E S C R Z
H W W W V I D O R G N I R R I T S
A R E T E M O M R E H T C A W C T N
D O P I R T B Z O T N H S N K Y L E
D R O P P E R L E J T G D V E L D L
R R V R A J S A G A D S S P I C B
H E O I Q R T A H E A T N E R N G I
Q K I P G V E T W N O G G L D A C
T A I U T D N A T S T R O T E R U
O E Q U G A U Z E M A T K E R U R
N B B B Q S P A T U L A S I A T H C
G E C O N I C A L F L A S K N E I
S F R H R E N R U B N E S N U B X
Answers
1 TRIPOD 8 GAUZE MAT 15 FUNNEL
2 CYLINDER 9 DROPPER 16 STIRRING ROD
3 PEG 10 TONGS 17 RETORT STAND
4 SAFETY GLASSES 11 BEAKER 18 TEST TUBE
5 GAS JAR 12 CRUCIBLE 19 TEST TUBE BRUSH
6 THERMOMETER 13 BUNSEN BURNER 20 HEAT
7 SPATULA 14 CONICAL FLASK
Science Focus for the United Arab Emirates Activity Book for Grade 6 Answers © Pearson Education 2008
This page may be photocopied for classroom use.
1.2
A N S W E R S Answers to worksheets
A N S W E R S
Identifying science
Identifying science equipment
equipment
thermometer
safety glasses test tube rack
clamp
brass tongs
bosshead
spatulas
test tube
test tube
holder conical flask-
beaker
Bunsen burner
tripod and gauze mat

bench mat evaporating dish
clay triangle
retort stand
watch glass
retort stand, crucible and lid
bosshead and clamp measuring cylinder
SCI1 on CD © Pearson This Education Australia
page may 2002. This for
be photocopied pageclassroom
may be photocopied
use. for classroom use.
58
A N S W E R S
1.4 Metric units of measurement
1 a 7 km = 7000 m e 30 000 g = 30 kg
b 62 m = 620 cm f 8000 mg = 8 g
c 3 cm = 30 mm g 1.5 t = 1500 kg
d 5000 m = 5 km h 0.62 kg = 620 g
e 60 cm = 0.6 m i 2.2 g = 2200 mg
f 3000 mm = 300 cm j 200 kg = 0.2 t
g 2.5 km = 2500 m k 150 g = 0.15 kg
h 0.75 m = 750 cm l 105.7 mg = 0.1057 g
i 30.2 cm = 302 mm
3 a 80 ML = 80 000 L
j 40 m = 0.04 km
b 33 L = 33 000 mL
k 350 cm = 3.5 m
c 90 000 L = 90 ML
l 25.9 mm = 2.59 cm
d 2000 mL = 2 L
2 a 4 t = 4000 kg e 19.5 ML = 19 500 L
b 62 kg = 62 000 g f 0.15 L = 150 mL
c 2 g = 2000 mg g 74 L = 0.074 ML
d 9000 kg = 9 t h 350 mL = 0.35 L
4 Time
Biggest Smallest
h min s
hours minutes seconds
× 60 to get × 60 to get
5 a 3.5 h = 210 minutes
b 45 min = 0.75 h
c 120 s = 2 min
d 30 min = 1800 s
e 2.25 h = 8100 s
f 3600 s = 1 h
A N S W E R S
1.6 Being a scientist crossword
1 2 3 4
P F A P P A R A T U S
5
C O R R O S I V E A C
6 7 8
I IC C O L L A R
9 10
S A F E T Y E R R O R I N
O N D A
11 12
N A C I D S E C T I O N E L
O N L N Y
13 14
R U L E S M E A S U R E M E N T S S
S W S I
15 16 17
C E Q U A L I T A T I V E S
18
Y R U O X S
19 20
L S E N S E S N P M B
21 22
I S A I N F E R E N C E
23 24 25
R N T M E T R I C R L A
26
E D R E I M T O U C H I L K
27
P R E D I C T I O N A M E
28
O R P H N S B U N S E N R
29
R O O S I G H T E N
30
T D D E A T E S T
M
A N S W E R S
1.7 Sci-words
Unit 1.1: Safety—before we start
Word Clue
corrosive A substance that will burn skin
poisonous Dangerous, toxic
acid A dangerous chemical, corrosive
rules We are safer if we follow them
Unit 1.2: What is science?

Word Clue
experiment A test run to answer a scientific question
five senses We use them to make observations
sight The most important sense
smell, taste & touch It is often too dangerous to use these senses in an experiment
observations You use your senses to make these
conclusion A short summary of what you found out in an experiment
Unit 1.3: Observing

Word Clue
qualitative A descriptive observation
quantitative An observation involving numbers
measurements These increase the accuracy of our observations
inference A logical explanation
prediction What may happen in the future
Unit 1.4: Equipment

Word Clue
measuring cylinder Used to measure an amount of liquid accurately
beaker Used to heat large amounts of liquid
test tube Used to heat small amounts of liquid
safety glasses Worn for safety
cross-section A diagram showing equipment split down the middle
Unit 1.5: Reporting

Word Clue
scientific report A written explanation of an experiment
aim What you intend to do in an experiment
hypothesis An educated guess of what you may find out
apparatus Equipment you are to use
procedure The method you will follow in an experiment
results Observations and measurements, usually presented in a table
discussion & analysis Graphs are included here, as are problems encountered and what
you did to overcome them
conclusion What was found out in the experiment
A N S W E R S
1.7 Sci-words—page 2
Unit 1.6: Measurement
Word Clue
measurements Taken to improve the accuracy of observations
metric system The unit system used by scientists
imperial system The unit system used in the USA and by older people
mistake Something in an experiment that could have been avoided with care
error Something in an experiment that could not have been avoided even
with care
reading error The error made when a measurement falls between the markings on
an instrument
beam balance An instrument used to measure mass
mass The amount of matter in an object
Unit 1.7: Working scientifically

Word Clue
variable A factor that may affect an experiment
froth Produced by detergent
factor Another name for ‘variable’
accident Discoveries are sometimes made by _____
fair A test should be _____
Unit 1.8: Using a Bunsen burner

Word Clue
Bunsen burner Used in the laboratory for heating
collar Used to control the airflow into a Bunsen burner
airhole Needs to be open to make a blue flame
safety flame A yellow, dirty and ‘cool’ flame
tripod & gauze mat A stand and mat used to hold a beaker or flask over a Bunsen burner
retort stand, boss head & clamp A tall stand often used to hold things over a Bunsen burner
crucible & lid Used to heat small amounts of solid
Chapter 2: Solids, liquids and gases
A N S W E R S
2.1 The story of Robert Brown
1 Name the scientist who was the first to observe 6 Suggest a reason why pollen and fine powdered
moving pollen grains. dust move in water.
Robert Brown They are being hit by randomly moving water
particles.
2 Name the scientist who successfully explained
the observations. 7 Identify who finally used Brown’s observations
to prove the existence of atoms and molecules.
Albert Einstein
French physicist Jean-Baptiste Perrin
3 State how many years there were between the
observation, the theory and the conclusion. 8 State the name of the theory that explains
Brown’s observations.
78 years
Brownian motion
4 Describe Brown’s first explanation for the
movement of the pollen grains. 9 Explain what you think a theory is.
The grains were alive and could move themselves. A theory is an explanation or model using
what we have found out by observing and
5 Brown repeated his experiments to try to
experimenting. It can be tested and used to
disprove his first explanation. Identify the
explain and predict other natural phenomena.
materials he used to do this.
10 Summarise the theory of Brownian motion in
He used various products of organic bodies,
your own words.
even coal dust
Brownian motion is the constant movement of
particles caused by them being bumped by other
particles in air or water.
A N S W E R S
2.2 States of matter
1 Match the three diagrams to the three observations listed below.

Observation 1: C
Observation 2: B
Observation 3: A
2 Using the observations listed in question 1, predict what will happen to the size of a solid if you heat it.
It will increase in size.
3 Draw a diagram to show your prediction in question 2. Use the three diagrams above as a guide.
Diagrammatic answer required.
A N S W E R S
2.3 Expansion graphs
1 Plot the above information on the graph below, and draw a line of best fit for each metal.
6.0
Expansion of metals
5.0
um
mini
alu
4.0
Expansion (mm)
er
pp
co
3.0
iron
2.0
1.0
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
Temperature (°C)
2 As with any experiment, readings are not necessarily perfectly exact. If they were exact, suggest how the
graph would have been different.
The lines would pass through each point.
3 Calculate the slope of each graph by measuring the rise and run of a section of each line of best fit.
Iron 0.025 (answers will vary), copper 0.035 (answers will vary), aluminium 0.051 (answers will vary)
4 Divide each slope by 2 to find the expansion per metre for every degree rise in temperature.
Iron 0.0125, copper 0.0175, aluminium 0.02551
A N S W E R S
2.4 Density calculations
Density D (g/cm3) mass m (g) Volume V (cm3)

5 25 5
15 60 4
4 36 9
5 100 20
12 84 7
5 65 13
16.25 260 16
2.4 12 5
6.33 38 6
12.5 562 45

A N S W E R S
2.5 Solids, liquids and gases crossword
1 2 3
I N C O M P R E S S I B L E C
4 5
O B K O
6 7
C Y L I N D E R D I F F U S I O N
I M L T
8 9
M D F E O R
10
B O I L I N G R T G A
11
T F M E M B R A N E R C
12 13
L I Q U I D E L S A L T
14 15
O C C Z W L M
16 17
G N V A P O R I S A T I O N S
R T N N T C
18 19
P H A S E I D G E
20 21
O M X O E R M E R C U R Y
I S P N N A O
22 23 24
N A V S U B L I M A T I O N I
25 26 27
T N O F A T C U B I C
28 29
M O D E L L T H E R M O M E T E R O E
A U O I R E N
30
G A S M A O T D
31 32 33
S M E L T I N G P R E S S U R E S A G
A N S W E R S
2.6 Sci-words
Unit 2.1: The particle model
Word Clue
model Used to explain certain behaviour
matter Anything that takes up space and has mass
phase Another word for ‘state’
solid State of matter that has a fixed shape
liquid Bonds between particles in this are weak
gas Will completely fill a container
bonds Hold particles together.
incompressible Cannot be squashed into less space
motion Brownian _______
diffusion How gases move through a room
membrane We detect smells when particles dissolve here
Unit 2.2: Changes of state

Word Clue
melting Sold changing to liquid
point The melting _____ of ice is 0°C
solidification Another word for freezing
freezing Liquid changing to solid
boiling Bubbles escape the surface of a heated liquid
vaporisation Evaporation
condensation Gas changing to a liquid
sublimation Gas changing directly to a solid
Unit 2.3: Expansion

Word Clue
expand Get bigger
contract Get smaller
concrete Has the same expansion rate as steel
bimetallic Type of strip that bends when heated
sag Power lines ___ more on hot days
thermometer Use expanding liquid to give a temperature reading
mercury Metal that is a liquid at room temperature
ice Less dense than water at 4°C
pressure Gases in containers exert more ________ at higher temperatures
Unit 2.4: Density

Word Clue
mass Often measured in grams or kilograms
volume The amount of space something takes up
density Mass divided by volume
cylinder A measuring ________ can be used to find the volume of an object
grams Units of mass
kilograms Units for large masses
cubic _____ centimetres are units of volume
float An object will _____ if it is less dense than the liquid it is in
salt ____ water is more dense than fresh water
water Has a density of 1.0
Chapter 3: Mixtures
A N S W E R S
3.1 Representing mixtures
Use the following key to draw diagrams representing the types of mixtures indicated. The first one has
been done for you.
Key
Particle of a solid that dissolves to form a clear mixture
Particle of a solid that dissolves to form an opaque mixture
Particle of a solid within an emulsion
Particle of a solid that settles out of a liquid
Particle of a liquid solvent
Particle of another liquid
Particle of a gas
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Answers to worksheets
A N S W E R S
3.2 Chapter 3: Mixtures
A N S W E R S
3.2 Types of mixtures wordfind
Types of mixtures wordfind
B Q T M S B C O F F E E S H R
S E M U L S I O N Z T N I A P
Z X O X Z E M O X C K F H C T
D I E P A U I A S W A E M U A
L I S U T T G T E F O A M E R
X E O M U N G O K R D B D K R
I N M L O G E F P L C S O V A
N Q O O L K O G L E I V O Y Y
B S A K N O E F R T T M L A B
H R Z J J A C I H E W R B C T
P N N E O J D Q A L T B O V S
V I N K L Z X E Q F S E H L I
N O I S N E P S U S X A D O M
P D I S I N F E C T A N T N Y
H O J E L L Y T U Y S O L F H
Wordlist
BLOOD FOAM PAINT
COFFEE FOG PETROL
COLLOID INK SMOKE
CREAM JELLY SOL
DETERGENT LEMONADE SOLUTION
DISINFECTANT MILK SUSPENSION
EMULSION MIST YARRA
SCI1 on CD © Pearson Education Australia 2002. This page may be photocopied for classroom use.
63
Chapter 3: Mixtures
A N S W E R S
3.3 Application of filtering at home
1 In the diagrams, the filtering devices have different-sized holes. Explain why the teabag has different-
sized holes to the ones in the deep fry basket.
Chips are much larger than tea leaves, so a deep fry basket does not need such small holes.
2 For each filtering device shown above, list what goes through the ‘filter’.
teabag – water and dissolved tea; sink plug hole – water; deep fry basket – fat/oil; flour sieve – flour;
colander – water; slotted spoon – water or oil; fly screen – air
3 For each filtering device shown above, list what is trapped or stopped by the ‘filter’.
teabag – tea leaves; sink plug hole – food scraps; deep fry basket – chips; flour sieve – lumps of flour;
colander – vegetables; slotted spoon – pasta or vegetables; fly screen – flies, leaves and dirt
4 Fly screen mesh could be used for other purposes. List three items that could be replaced with fly
screen mesh.
flour sieve, colander, slotted spoon
5 Order each filtering device by the size of the holes, from largest to smallest.
sink plug hole; slotted spoon, deep fry basket, colander, fly screen, flour sieve, tea bag
6 Compare the shape of the holes used to filter materials and group as irregular or regular. In the regular
group, what shapes do we find?
Irregular – sing plug hole, slotted spoon
Regular – deep fry basket, colander, fly screen, flour sieve, teabag
Square, rectangular and circles
7 Sometimes you will find small dark specks in the bottom of your teacup after using a teabag.
Describe a reason why this may occur.
The holes in the paper filter used for the tea bag are larger than the tea leaf dust. Therefore these can pass
out of the teabag into the cup.
Chapter 3: Mixtures
A N S W E R S
3.4 Using chromatography
1 Identify the shirt maker(s) that used only one pure colour dye in their material.
Button up
2 Identify the shirt maker(s) that used a mixture of two colour dyes in their material.
Sleeveless
3 Identify the shirt maker(s) that used a mixture of four colour dyes in their material.
Big shirt and The shirt company
4 Identify the shirt maker(s) that used the same colour dye in their material as was found at the crime
scene.
Collars
5 The scientists did not use water as a solvent when they carried out their tests. Explain why they did not
use water.
The dye used is not soluble in water.
6 The students at this school also wear blue shirts. Explain how you could prove that the material found
at the scene was not from a student shirt.
Perform a chromatography test on a number of pieces from various brands of school shirts worn at the high
school and compare with the sample from the crime scene. (More able students may point out that the
suspect’s shirt could be made by the same maker as the school shirts.)
7 If the police find a suspect who owns a blue shirt that has been repaired, describe what they could do to
check whether they have caught the thief.
Remove a sample from the suspect’s shirt and test it against the sample from the crime scene.
The chromatography results from the suspect should match the sample from the crime scene.
Chapter 3: Mixtures
A N S W E R S
3.6 Mixtures crossword
1 2
S F
3 4 5 6
E S E W A G E E M U L S I O N
7
F L U O R I D E E D A
8 9
E C O L L O I D S M
10
C A T C H M E N T M M
11 12
T S U S P E N S I O N
13
R S N A K
14 15 16
O I F I L T E R M I S T T E
S N E U
17
T S V F R O T H
18 19 20
A C O N C E N T R A T E D A C
T L I T E
21 22 23
M I X T U R E S O L U B L E M N
24
C B O U D E C A N T
25 26
S L U D G E S O L U T I O N G R
E U E N I
27
T L I M E F
28 29 30
S O L V E N T T U V
31
I P A N N I N G
32
D I S T I L L A T I O N C E
Chapter 3: Mixtures
A N S W E R S
3.7 Sci-words
Unit 3.1: Types of mixtures
Word Clue
mixture Not a pure substance
solution Particles spread throughout a clear liquid
solute Dissolves to form a solution
solvent Used to dissolve substances
dilute Weak
concentrated Strong
soluble Will dissolve
insoluble Won’t dissolve
saturated No more substance can be dissolved in a _____ solution
suspension Settles out if left
sediment Substance that settles out
colloid Won’t settle out, but not clear
emulsion Milk is an example of one of these
foam Type of colloid with gas mixed with liquid
Unit 3.2: Separating insoluble substances

Word Clue
decanting Tipping carefully to remove liquid without sediment
sieving Separates different-sized particles
filter Only very small particles pass through this
panning Type of gravity separation
centrifuge Spins rapidly to separate mixtures
magnetic Type of separation method
electrostatic _____ precipitators are used in chimneys
froth _____ flotation is used to separate minerals
gangue Waste product in mineral separation
liberation Early stage of mineral separation
Unit 3.3: Separating soluble substances

Word Clue
evaporation May be used to separate salt from water
distillation Used to separate substances from crude oil
petrol May be obtained from crude oil
crystals Left after evaporation
absorption Gas masks use _____ to remove substances from a mixture
silica Type of gel used to remove moisture
medium Filter paper is a _____ used to separate colours
chromatography Method of colour separation
Unit 3.4: Water supply and sewage

Word Clue
reservoir Large body of water
chlorine Chemical used to kill germs
fluoride Helps fight tooth decay
Chapter 3: Mixtures
A N S W E R S
lime Used to adjust acidity of water
soda Used to adjust acidity of water
electrolytes Added to water to cause flocculation
catchment Area where rainfall is collected for water supplies
service Type of artificial reservoir
sewage Waste water produced by humans
sewerage Network of pipes etc used to transfer waste water
activated _____ sludge process
aeration Early stage of sewage treatment
settling Sludge falls to bottom of the _____ tank
fertiliser Useful by-product of sewage treatment
Chapter 4: Cells
A N S W E R S
4.1 Cell diagrams
animal cell – see Figure 4.2.5 in Science Focus 6
plant cell – see Figure 4.2.7 in Science Focus 6
Chapter 4: Cells
A N S W E R S
4.2 Single-celled organisms
See Figure 4.3.9 in Science Focus 6
Chapter 4: Cells
A N S W E R S
4.4 The human skeleton
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Chapter 4: Cells
A N S W E R S
4.5 Cells crossword
1 2 3 4 5
S C A N N I N G B A C T E R I A F M
T A Y L I
6
O S R E S P I R A T O R Y
7 8 9 10
M I C R O S C O P E G R
11
A Y A A I N T E S T I N E S O
T T P R L R
12 13
A O C H E A R T L
14 15
P H M C I R C U L A T O R Y
16
L L D E H T
A A I C L E
17 18 19
C S M A G N I F I C A T I O N S P O N G Y
E M Y E U R
20
L D S M R E P R O D U C T I V E
21
L O T P B
22 23 24
S Y S T E M I C C H L O R O P H Y L L
O V L A O
25 26
B R A I N E L I P P E R S H E Y O
A P T D
27 28
P H O T O S Y N T H E S I S S P E C I M E N
Chapter 4: Cells
A N S W E R S
4.6 Sci-words
Unit 4.1: The microscope
Word Clue
microscope Used to view tiny specimens
compound Type of microscope
Janssen Father and son inventors of the microscope
Lippershey One of the inventors of the microscope
Hooke Designed a prototype of the modern microscope
eyepiece Top part of microscope
focus Do this to obtain a clear image
stage Where a specimen is placed
objective Lens just above specimen
lens Part of a microscope
clips Hold slides on the stage
mirror Used to direct light through a hole in the stage
base Bottom of the microscope
magnification Describes how large an image can be
specimen What is placed on a slide on the stage of a microscope
image What you see through a microscope
scanning The S in SEM
Unit 4.2: Plant and animal cells

Word Clue
Hooke First used the term ‘cells’ to describe parts of cork
cells Building blocks of life
organism Living thing
bacteria Simple type of cells with no nucleus
cell wall Boundary of a plant cell
cytoplasm Fluid inside a cell
nucleus Control centre
vacuole Storage area
photosynthesis How plants make their own food
chloroplasts Where photosynthesis occurs
chlorophyll Green chemical
sap Cell _____ is inside a vacuole
Unit 4.3: Specialised cells

Word Clue
unicellular Organisms made of only one cell
multicellular Organisms made of many cells
blood _____ carries food and oxygen around the body
muscle Long cells that can stretch and contract
nerve Cells that carry messages
brain Sends messages to muscles
skin _____ cells cover our body
bone _____ cells help support our body
fat Cells that insulate
Chapter 4: Cells
A N S W E R S
sperm Male sex cell
egg Female sex cell
protists Single-celled organisms
ciliates Have tiny hairs that beat to produce movement
flagellates Have a long, whip-like tail
sporozoans Exist in other cells
binary _____ fission
Chlamydomonas Single-celled organism that can survive severe drought
Euglena Single-celled organism
stomata Openings on lower side of leaf
guard Cells used to control opening and closing of small holes in a leaf
root Water is absorbed by _____ hair cells
Unit 4.4: Groups of cells

Word Clue
tissue Group of similar cells
organ Tissue groups together to form an _____
heart Organ that pumps
skin Organ that covers our body
brain Organ that is part of the nervous system
intestines Organs involved in digestion
kidneys Humans have two of these organs
eyes Humans have two of these sense organs
system Group of organs
nervous System that includes the brain
circulatory Blood system
digestive System that includes the stomach
reproductive System that produces sex cells
respiratory System that includes the lungs
urinary Waste removal system
Chapter 5: Heat, light and sound
A N S W E R S
5.1 Energy changes
1 Energy transformations:
a A gas oven – chemical to heat
b A computer – electrical to light and sound
c A food blender – electrical to kinetic and sound
d Opening a can of soft drink – potential to sound and kinetic
e Jumping on a trampoline – elastic to kinetic to gravitational potential etc.
f Dropping a ball – gravitational to kinetic to gravitational etc.
g A match being lit – chemical to heat and light
h A roller coaster going downhill – gravitational potential to kinetic
i A roller coaster going uphill – kinetic to gravitational potential
j A wind turbine – kinetic to electrical
k Playing a CD player – chemical (to electrical and kinetic) to sound
A N S W E R S
5.2 Other temperature scales
1 What do you notice about the values in the Kelvin column compared to those in the Celsius and
Fahrenheit columns?
They are all positive.
2 Plot a graph of Celsius versus Fahrenheit for Celsius temperatures between –100 and 100.
Draw a straight line through the plotted points.
°F
250
200
150
100
50
°C
–100 –80 –60 –40 –20 20 40 60 80 100
–50
–100
–150
–200
–250
3 Plot a graph of Celsius versus Kelvin for Celsius temperatures between –100 and 100.
Draw a straight line through the plotted points.
K
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
°C
–100 –80 –60 –40 –20 20 40 60 80 100
A N S W E R S
5.2 Other temperature scales—page 2
4
°C °F K
15 59 288
21.1 70 294.1
573 1063.4 300
12.8 55 285.8
–150 –238 123
373 703.4 100

A N S W E R S
5.3 Applications of laser light
1 Identify three properties of a laser beam.
It is a narrow, intense and single-coloured beam of light.
2 Explain how we can see a beam of light from a laser.
Some of the light from the beam bounces off the dust in the air.
3 State what the letters of the word ‘laser’ stand for. (These types of words are called acronyms.)
Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
4 State when the first working lasers were constructed, and by whom.
Theodore Maiman in 1960
5 Describe the features that make lasers very useful in medicine.
The pinpoint beam of a laser can be focused very accurately on a target and make fine cuts.
6 Explain why lasers have been used successfully in eye surgery.
They are very accurate and can remove very small amounts of tissue.
7 Identify three medical uses for lasers.
Fine cuts, cure common sight problems, and clean out blocked arteries
8 Describe what stores use lasers for.
To instantly find the price and information of the purchase by scanning the barcode
9 Every credit card contains a special photograph made by a laser. Identify what this photograph is called.
It is called a hologram.
10 Explain how a laser is used in a CD or DVD player.
The CD or DVD spins over the laser head, which ‘reads’ the tiny pits in the surface and converts them into
digital code. This code is converted into music or pictures or both.
A N S W E R S
5.5 The sonic spectrum
1 Sound
Frequency (Hz) Intensity level (dB) Category
100  20 Inaudible
200  40 Audible
1000  60 Speech
2000 120 Pain
10 000  50 Music
20 000  30 Inaudible
500  90 Music
4000  50 Speech
2 Various answers – some examples are:

a Inaudible 50 Hz, 20 dB 20 Hz, 100 dB
b Music 50 Hz, 70 dB 10 000 Hz, 60 dB
c Speech 400 Hz, 70 dB 5000 Hz, 50 dB
d Painful 1000 Hz, 130 dB 15 000 Hz, 140 dB

A N S W E R S
5.6 Morse code
1 a Morse code is named after its inventor Samuel Finley Breese Morse.
b Camels store fat in their humps not water.
c A blue whale call may travel several thousand kilometres.
A N S W E R S
5.7 Heat, light and sound crossword
1 2 3 4
B M U M B R A
5 6 7 8
R A Y L I Q U I D S O L I D I
9 10
T S P N S M O K E
11 12 13 14
U L T R A S O N I C A E C H O L P
E C R I U E
15 16 17 18
H F C B A T D C O L U M N R
19 20
E L O F I I E I I
21 22
W A V E N I C N O N – L U M I N O U S
T C V R L C C E C
23 24
T R E V E R B E R A T E C S O
25
R I C S N O C P
26 27
A B S O R P T I O N D T H U N D E R E
D N I E D N
28
I O S C I L L O S C O P E U T
29
A I R N C C
30 31 32 33
T G S P E L T
34 35 36
I N S U L A T O R L O N G I T U D I N A L
O U S U A T G O
37
N N N N H S O N A R
38
S H A D O W E T
A N S W E R S
5.8 Sci-words
Unit 5.1: Energy
Word Clue
work Energy has the ability to do _____
potential _____ energy is stored energy
kinetic _____ energy is moving energy
joule The unit of energy
Sun The source of all energy on Earth
conserved All energy is _____
destroyed Energy cannot be created or _____
chemical Another form of energy
Unit 5.2: Heat

Word Clue
heat _____ may be transferred three ways
conduction Heat transfer involving vibrating particles
convection Hot air rises due to _____
radiation Heat from the Sun reaches us this way
particles Small parts of a substance
solid One of the states of matter
liquid A _____ conducts heat better than a gas
gas Air is an example of a _____
insulator A poor conductor
glazed Windows are sometimes double _____
batt Type of insulation used in some buildings
smoke Indicates convection currents
breeze Occurs at night due to differences in land and sea temperature
infra-red Radiated heat
absorption Black objects are good at this
reflection Occurs at shiny surfaces
fire A source of heat
Unit 5.3: Light

Word Clue
light _____ travels at 300 000 000 metres per second
Sun Source of heat and light for the Earth
sky Scatters blue light more than other colours
luminous Gives out light without heat
non-luminous Not light-emitting
incandescent Emits light with heat
bioluminescent Describes a living thing that emits light
shadow Can be sharp or fuzzy
umbra Full shadow
penumbra Partial shadow
diffuse Irregular reflection
A N S W E R S
regular Type of reflection
incidence Angle of _____
reflected Bounced back
normal Line that meets mirror at right angles
ray _____ of light
mirror Reflects light
plane A _____ mirror has a flat surface
virtual Not real
periscope Device for seeing above eye level
lateral _____ inversion produces mirror writing
inverted Upside down or back to front
Unit 5.4: Sound

Word Clue
sound Caused by vibration
vacuum No air (or anything else)
eardrum Detects sound
vibration Back and forth movement
wave Series of compressions and rarefactions
longitudinal Longways (type of wave)
thunder Heard after lightning
echo Reflected sound
sonar Sound navigation and ranging
ultrasonic Type of sound wave that cannot be heard by humans
ultrasound Used to check development of unborn babies
dolphin Animal that uses echolocation
reverberation A rapid echo
oscilloscope Device for displaying graphs of pressure caused by sound
music Pleasant sound
column A clarinet produces sound using a vibrating _____ of air
air Speed of sound in _____ is about 330 metres per second
string Vibrates to produce sound in a guitar
resonate Vibrate at the same frequency as a nearby vibration
decibels Used to measure sound levels
Chapter 6: Classification
A N S W E R S
6.1 Sifting and sorting
Kingdom Animal kingdom
Phylum Chordata
(includes vertebrates)
Class Reptilia
(reptiles)
Order Squamata
(scaly reptiles)
Suborder Sauria
(lizards)
Family Skincidae
(skinks)
Genus Tiliqua
(blue-tongued skinks)
Species Tiliqua rugosa

(stumpy tail lizard)
A N S W E R S
6.2 Scientific naming
1 Use the above names to find the meaning of Phascolarctos cinereus. Identify the unique Australian
animal that has this scientific name.
Pouch, grey, bear. Koala.
2 Describe what you think an eriovisus might be.
Woolly sheep
3 You have just found an entomonisulcata in the garden. Explain what this is.
A digging insect
4 Propose a scientific name for a lizard with a very pointed tongue.
Acoceglossusauros
5 Propose a name for a new species of monkey that you have discovered, that only has three fingers on
each hand.
Tridactylpithecus
6 Would an Odormalusauros make a good pet? Explain your answer.
No. It is a bad-smelling lizard.
7 Explain what you think the word ‘dinosaur’ means, using the above words.
Terrible lizard
8 What would the following animal look like?
Malusodorusobesusdactylosaurus
Bad-smelling fat fingered lizard.
9 You are the discoverer of five new animals. Give a description and scientific name for each of your
animals.
Students to propose own answers.
10 Draw a diagram of one of your new animals on the following page.
Students to draw own diagram.
A N S W E R S
6.3 Sorting animals
Insects
Anemones
Segmented worms
Crustaceans
Invertebrates
Arachnids
Corals
Millipedes
Flatworms
Jellyfish
Centipedes
Cnidarians Arthropods Molluscs Worms

Monotremes
Jawless
Cartilaginous
Vertebrates
Placental
Bony
Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals Fish
A N S W E R S
6.4 Classification crossword
1
B
2 3 4
C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S I V
5
L E R E P
6
A S B D R A
7 8 9
S P H O T O S Y N T H E S T I S T R
S I T C A E A
10
I R A M O
N O T R E M E X B S
F A N O O R I
11 12
I T Y E T E N A T
C I
13
C X H X O T I
A O H
14
S C
15
E N D O T H E R M I C
T N O T R R S I
16
I R R E M K S K
17
O D U T I E F E R T I L E
N A C I C L Y
18 19 20
A U T O T R O
P H E P F
21
E U N H E T E R O T R O P H
22
S P E C I E S R O L U
23
A M P H I B I A N S Y I
24
P L A C E N T A L P T
A N S W E R S
6.5 Sci-words
Unit 6.1: Being alive
Word Clue
characteristics Typical qualities of something
cellular respiration Reaction that produces energy
autotroph Produces its own food
heterotroph Feeds on other plants and animals
photosynthesis Reaction of plants to produce food
endotherm Warm-blooded animal
ectotherm Cold-blooded animal
excretion Removal of wastes
Unit 6.2: From kingdom to species

Word Clue
classification Process of putting similar things in groups
taxonomist Person who puts things into groups
kingdom Largest group of organisms
species Small division of organisms
sterile Cannot reproduce
fertile Can reproduce
key Representation of a classification system
Unit 6.3: Animal classification

Word Clue
structural Physical features
chordates Animals with backbones
vertebrate Animal with backbone of vertebrae
amphibians Class that frogs belong to
birds Animals with feathers
placental mammal Type of mammal
monotreme Platypus is one
polyp Cnidarian attached to a rock
exoskeleton External skeleton
parasitic Feeds off other animals
Unit 6.4: Plants and other kingdoms

Word Clue
botany Study of plants
vascular bundles Groups of conducting cells
fruit Part of flower that contains seeds
protists Kingdom that includes seaweeds
Chapter 7: Forces
A N S W E R S
7.2 Skateboarding forces – the ollie
Questions
1 a List the four forces that are applied to the skateboard in normal riding. Include the direction of each.
Weight of the rider and board – DOWN
Force of the ground on the skateboard wheels – UP
The force moving the skateboard – FORWARD
The force of friction on the wheels – BACK
b Label these forces on the diagram above.
See Figure 7.3.6 of Science Focus 6.
2 The skateboard going at constant speed tells us something about these forces. What is it?
The forces are equal or balanced.
3 When the rear foot pushes down on the skateboard there are two forces. Name the action and the
reaction force.
Action force – back foot pushing down
Reaction force – ground exerting an upward force on the board
4 When the board starts to climb, are the forces balanced or unbalanced?
Unbalanced
5 What force is used when the front foot drags the board higher?
The force of friction
6 If both feet and the board are in contact when in the air, is there any force between them?
No – both are falling due to gravity.
Chapter 7: Forces
A N S W E R S
7.5 Magnets
1 Draw the magnetic field lines for the following: e Around a horseshoe-shaped magnet
a Around a bar magnet
S
S N
N
2 One bar magnet is placed on the bench
b When the north pole of a bar magnet comes
standing north end up. A second mar magnet is
near the south pole of another bar magnet
placed above the first magnet, north end down.
Assume that the second magnet cannot fall off
the first. Predict what will occur.
The top magnet will ‘float’ because the two are
N S N S repelled.
3 Student research activity, various answers.
c When the south poles of two bar magnets

are placed near each other
N S S N
d When the north poles of two bar magnets

are placed near each other
S N N S
Chapter 7: Forces
A N S W E R S
7.6 Forces crossword
1 2
C O M P A S S
3
L F
4 5 6
E L A S T I C O D O M A I N S
7
G P R E K
8 9 10
B A L A N C E D C O N T A C T I
R E S O D
11 12 13
F R I C T I O N M I H B
14
A A H E A T E A
15 16 17
A D L U B R I C A N T O Y S L
C E I E V I A
18
C C B N E I O N
19 20 21
E L E C T R O M A G N E T R N A L N I C O
L L A C E O E
22
E E T E N S I O N R L D
23 24
R R I U N B A L A N C E D M
A A O F S S A
25
T T N O N – C O N T A C T T T S
26
I I I P O L I S H
27
O O B U O Y A N C Y N
28
N N N E W T O N
Chapter 7: Forces
A N S W E R S
7.7 Sci-words
Unit 7.1: Forces – what are they?
Word Clue
force It can push, pull or twist
acceleration Speeding up
deceleration Slowing down
contact A force that actually touches the object
non-contact A force that does not touch, e.g. gravity
newton The unit for force, symbol N
calibration Using a table to mark a scale correctly
elastic A material that will bounce back to shape after the force is stopped
inelastic A material that will be permanently distorted
Unit 7.2: Balanced and unbalanced forces

Word Clue
balanced These forces give no overall force
unbalanced These forces will cause acceleration, deceleration, change in
direction or shape
Newton Gave us three laws of motion
speed Forces are balanced when a bike is going at constant _____.
Unit 7.3: Friction: slowing down and getting moving

Word Clue
friction A force caused by one surface sliding over another
heat Generated by friction
lubricant Something that will reduce friction
polish or wet A method of smoothing a surface to reduce friction
ball bearings Useful in reducing friction on wheels and axles
hovercraft Uses a cushion of air to reduce friction
traction Friction provides this ‘grip’ to allow movement
slide & skid Happens when there is no ‘grip’
Unit 7.4: Gravity

Word Clue
gravity A non-contact force that attracts objects to each other
mass The amount of matter in an object
weight The pulling force of gravity
balance Measures mass
kilogram The metric unit for mass
Unit 7.5: Forces in water

Word Clue
buoyancy The upward force of water on a floating object
cohesion The attraction of water particles to each other
surface tension Cohesion at the surface of water
density A measure of the mass that fills a set volume
Chapter 7: Forces
A N S W E R S
Unit 7.6: Magnetic forces
Word Clue
magnetic force A non-contact force due to magnets
alloy A mixture of fused metals, e.g. steel
poles The ends of a magnet
like North/north or south/south
unlike North/south
lodestone Another name for magnetite
domains Small magnetic regions that may align and create magnetism in iron
aligned All in the same direction
electromagnet A magnet formed by an electrical current
permanent Unlikely to lose its magnetism
magnetic field Region around a magnet
compass A small magnet used to find direction
Chapter 8: Earth and space
A N S W E R S
8.3 Sunrise, sunset
1 Estimate current sunrise and sunset times for Cape Town.
Answers will vary depending on the time of year.
2 When is the earliest Cape Town sunrise?
0715 (7.15 a.m.)
3 When is the latest Cape Town sunset?
1930 (7.30 p.m.)
4 At what time of the year are there:
a most hours of daylight each day in Cape Town?
December and January
b least hours of daylight each day in Cape Town?
June and July

A N S W E R S
8.4 Earth and space crossword
1 2 3 4 5 6
A U R O R A S O L S T I C E S L E A P
7
U O M U E H
8 9
N E P T U N E N H I G H L A N D S O
10 11
U A T P E S T
12
C T H A T S A O
13 14 15
F L A R E D A Y R A D I A T I O N T S
E S N T D I U Y
16 17 18
A O E C L I P S E A R M S T R O N G
19
C R A T E R A S L N T
20
B A L H
21 22 23
E Q U I N O X P
Y T H A G O R A S E
T I E S
24 25 26 27 28
A A H S O L H E L I O C E N T R I C
29 30
P H A S E S Y J C S
O T D U E
31 32
L M E R C U R Y P R O M I N E N C E
33
L R O I T M
34
O O G R A V I T Y R A
35 36
W I N D E E H E M I S P H E R E
37
D A N N U L A R C S
A N S W E R S
8.5 Earth and space revision
Note: Students are required to copy the correct explanation in full to column 3.
Fact Explanation
A It is light during the day and dark

because the Earth spins on its axis once every 24 hours.
at night
B The Astronomical Unit is used to the distances are very large and cannot be
measure the distances between because
planets measured easily in other units.
C We have four seasons during the

because the Earth’s axis is tilted at an angle of 23.5°.
year
D We call the current model of the

because the Sun is at the centre of the solar system.
solar system a heliocentric model
E We can see the Moon at night because it reflects the light from the Sun.
F Mercury is hotter than Earth because it is closer to the Sun than the Earth.
G Ancient civilisations only knew of

because those planets were visible with the naked eye.
six planets
H Galileo saw more than any other

because he had built a telescope to look at the night sky.
astronomer in the 1600s
I The Sun feels hotter in the summer the southern hemisphere is tilted towards the
because
months Sun in the summer.
J The Sun looks much brighter than the Sun is a lot closer to Earth than any other
because
the other stars star.
A N S W E R S
8.6 Sci-words
Unit 8.1: The solar system
Word Clue
Pythagoras Ancient Greek who thought the Sun orbited the Earth
Aristarchus first to place the Sun at the centre of the solar system
Galileo First to use a telescope to observe planets
geocentric Earth-centred
heliocentric Sun-centred
six Number of planets known to the ancients
Mars The red planet
Venus Hottest planet
Saturn Gas giant with an impressive ring system
Earth The water planet
Jupiter Largest planet
Neptune The ‘twin’ of Uranus
Uranus First of the ‘modern’ planets
Mercury Planet closest to the Sun
Pluto The planet found in 1930, now called a ‘dwarf planet’
asteroid The _____ belt is between Mars and Jupiter
hydrogen Gas found in the atmosphere of several planets
methane Gas that can give a planet a blue appearance
Unit 8.2: The Sun

Word Clue
sol Another name for the Sun
AU Astronomical unit
radiation Examples of this include UV, heat and light
nuclear _____ fusion produces helium and energy
sunspot Area not quite as hot as those around it
flare Type of solar feature
prominence Larger type of solar eruption
solar wind Stream of particles from the Sun
aurora Spectacular light display
annular Type of solar eclipse
partial Type of solar eclipse
Unit 8.3: Earth’s movement in space

Word Clue
day Light is received during the _____
night Time of darkness
orbit Path of planet around the Sun
leap Type of year that has 366 days
seasons Caused by the tilt of the Earth
hemisphere Half of the Earth
solstice Longest and shortest days occur then
A N S W E R S
equinox Day and night are of equal length then
axis Earth spins on its _____
rotates What the Earth does on its axis
Unit 8.4: The Moon

Word Clue
celestial Body found in space
lunar To do with the Moon
Armstrong Astronaut who first walked on the Moon
gravity Weaker on the Moon than on Earth
maria Plains on the Moon
highlands Type of landscape on the Moon
crater Moon feature
Apollo Name of series of lunar missions
phases There are eight main _____ of the Moon
tides Caused by the attraction of the Moon
eclipse Occurs when the Moon passes into the shadow of the Earth
Chapter 9: Our planet Earth

A N S W E R S
9.1 Cut-away Earth
See Figure 9.1.1 in Science Focus 6.
A N S W E R S
9.2 Identifying rocks
1 Description of rock sample A
Long rectangular grains, squashed.
Grains range in size from small to medium.
Two different minerals.
2 Description of rock sample B
Rounded grains, some semi-angular.
Grains in two main sizes, large and small.
All the same material.
3 Description of rock sample C
Rounded grains, all the same size, medium.
All the same material.
4 Description of rock sample D
Interlocking grains of two different shapes.
Grains in two main sizes, medium and large.
Three different minerals.
5 Which of the samples is granite and what rock type is it?
D, igneous
6 Which of the samples is sandstone and what rock type is it?
C, sedimentary
7 Which of the samples is conglomerate and what rock type is it?
B, sedimentary
8 Which of the samples is marble and what rock type is it?
A, metamorphic
9 Name and sketch the rock that didn’t appear on page 1.
Shale, diagrammatic answer required.
A N S W E R S
9.3 The soil texture triangle
100 0
90 10
80 20
70 30
clay
Pe
rc
60 40
en
ta
lay
ge
ec
sil
tag
50 50
t
sandy silty
en
clay clay
rc
Pe
40 60
clay foam silty clay foam

30 sandy
70
clay foam
foam
20 80
silt foam
10 sandy 90
foamy foam
sand sand silt
0 100
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Percentage sand
2 Which type of soil is each of the following?

a 60% sand, 10% silt, 30% clay – sandy clay loam
b 20% sand, 60% silt, 20% clay – silt loam
c 30% sand, 10% silt, 60% clay – clay
d 45% sand, 10% silt, 45% clay – sandy clay
A N S W E R S
9.4 Cloud types
8000
cirrus
cirrostratus
7000
cirrocumulus
6000
5000
altostratus
cumulonimbus
Height (m)
4000
altocumulus
3000 cumulus
stratocumulus
2000
nimbostratus
1000
stratus
fog
0
Ground level
Chapter review Chapter 9: Our planet Earth
9.5 Our planet Earth wordfind
A N S W E R S
Skill: literacy, observation

Find the words in the puzzle from the word list.
J R L T T L I T H O S P H E R E O H F C F P
J E K Z S A L Y D P W G J P C Q F C C O S U
P E B X I I A J E Y H J H R G M D S M M A C
D M T Z E H Y H O P H U U G H B U A C V N M
Z M G N V X E S M K O S Y J Y P G G C S D Q
I R W G B X R U Q M T L X J S M R L S M S K
I B E V U G S L U S T R E A A O O T E S T F
K X A G R E E N H O U S E D C U R T U B O B
E I T Q L M I N E R A L S K D E A G M A N A
R G H O J F N R N U J C S S A M V K D S E U
O S E C R K Q F D S V U Z K O Z O N E A H X
S E R G Q A Q N D J W T C R I V L V M L R I
I D V Q L I G N E O U S P Y C J I L B T S T
O I C E J H V T R Y P H Z N C Z U M M O H E
N M O R D C J W V P I L L O Q L L N X I L Q
F E R L F B B R L C P A A R L Y O Y E A U G
Y N E H A R D N E S S A X T Y K G N V V G N
W T R P E T R O L O G I S T E E T A E K A E
W K S W E A T H E R I N G P N S A G R T J I
R X G I A T E C T O N I C S G A Y V A C W S
D J J O R E S M B T R O P O S P H E R E N S
Y K S J S E D I M E N T A R Y I O N F X D B
A N S W E R S
9.6 Sci-words
Unit 9.1: Our Earth
Word Clue
crust The thin layer of the Earth that we live on
asthenosphere A moving layer of molten rock on which the lithosphere shifts
outer core The layer that gives the Earth its magnetic field
inner core The layer at the centre of the Earth
poles The magnetic ‘ends’ of Earth
magnetic field The magnetic region around the Earth
cosmic shield Provided by the magnetic field of the Earth
cosmic rays Dangerous rays from the Sun
plates Slabs of the lithosphere floating on the molten mantle
convection currents Moving currents of molten rock in the mantle
theory of plate tectonics The theory that the continents and sections of the lithosphere are moving
geologist Scientist who studies rocks and the structure of the Earth
Unit 9.2: Rocks and minerals

Word Clue
petrologist A person who studies rocks
mineralogy The study of minerals
mineral Naturally occurring substance with particular chemical composition
native Mineral made from one metal element
crystal Once thought to be ‘unmeltable’ ice
streak Colour of powder
lustre The way a mineral reflects light
cleavage Crystals break more easily along _____ planes
hardness Measured using Mohs’ scale
rock Made up of one or more minerals
ore Elements may be profitably extracted from this
Unit 9.3: Types of rocks

Word Clue
magma Molten material below the Earth’s surface
lava Molten material above the Earth’s surface
igneous Rock type made from molten material
intrusive _____ rocks are below the Earth’s surface
extrusive _____ rocks are above the Earth’s surface
sediment Forms of sedimentary rock
chalk Type of sedimentary rock
metamorphic Rock type formed by heat and/or pressure applied to other rocks
marble Limestone may form this
stalactite Formed on a cave roof by dripping, mineral-rich water
weathering Rock may be broken down by _____
cycle The rock _____ is used to explain how rocks are continually changing
paleontologist Scientist who studies fossils in sedimentary rocks
A N S W E R S
Unit 9.4: Weathering and erosion
Word Clue
weathering The splitting of rocks into smaller pieces
erosion When material is carried away by wind or water
sediment The material that is carried away by erosion
physical weathering Mechanical weathering
decomposition Chemical weathering
biological weathering Caused by animals or plants
acid rain A type of rain caused by pollution
Unit 9.5: The atmosphere

Word Clue
atmosphere The gases that surround the Earth
troposphere The layer of gases that we live in
stratosphere A layer that contains the ozone layer and in which commercial aircraft fly
exosphere The upper layer of the atmosphere
meteor Shooting star
oxygen The gas our bodies consume
carbon dioxide The gas our bodies expel
nitrogen The most common gas in the atmosphere
ozone The layer that filters out most UV radiation
forest depletion Cutting down vegetation
fossil fuels Coal, oil, gas and petrol, which, when burnt, produce CO2
visible light The light we see
infra-red The part of sunlight that is heat
ultraviolet The part of radiation that causes sunburn and skin cancer
chlorofluorocarbons Chemicals that deplete the ozone layer
Unit 9.6: Weather

Word Clue
convection The movement of air due to heating and cooling
trade winds The winds that circle the Earth due to its spin and the heating at the
equator
evaporates When water changes from liquid to gas
condenses When water changes from gas to liquid
cyclone Hurricane or typhoon
meteorologist Scientist who studies the weather and atmosphere

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Chapter 1: Being a scientist

safety glasses test tube rack

tripod and gauze mat

Unit 1.2: What is science?

Unit 1.3: Observing

Unit 1.4: Equipment

Unit 1.5: Reporting

Unit 1.7: Working scientifically

Unit 1.8: Using a Bunsen burner

1 Match the three diagrams to the three observations listed below.

Density D (g/cm3) mass m (g) Volume V (cm3)

Chapter 2: Solids, liquids and gases

Unit 2.2: Changes of state

Unit 2.3: Expansion

Unit 2.4: Density

Particle of a solid that dissolves to form a clear mixture

Particle of a solid that dissolves to form an opaque mixture

Particle of a solid within an emulsion

Particle of a solid that settles out of a liquid

Particle of a liquid solvent

Particle of another liquid

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Unit 3.2: Separating insoluble substances

Unit 3.3: Separating soluble substances

Unit 3.4: Water supply and sewage

Unit 4.2: Plant and animal cells

Unit 4.3: Specialised cells

Unit 4.4: Groups of cells

Chapter 5: Heat, light and sound

2 Various answers – some examples are:

Chapter 5: Heat, light and sound

Unit 5.2: Heat

Unit 5.3: Light

Unit 5.4: Sound

Kingdom Animal kingdom

Species Tiliqua rugosa

Cnidarians Arthropods Molluscs Worms

Amphibians Reptiles Birds Mammals Fish

Unit 6.2: From kingdom to species

Unit 6.3: Animal classification

Unit 6.4: Plants and other kingdoms

c When the south poles of two bar magnets

d When the north poles of two bar magnets

Unit 7.2: Balanced and unbalanced forces

Unit 7.3: Friction: slowing down and getting moving

Unit 7.4: Gravity

Unit 7.5: Forces in water

Chapter 8: Earth and space

A It is light during the day and dark

C We have four seasons during the

D We call the current model of the

G Ancient civilisations only knew of

H Galileo saw more than any other

Unit 8.2: The Sun

Unit 8.3: Earth’s movement in space

Unit 8.4: The Moon

Chapter 9: Our planet Earth

clay foam silty clay foam

2 Which type of soil is each of the following?

Skill: literacy, observation

Unit 9.2: Rocks and minerals

Unit 9.3: Types of rocks

Unit 9.5: The atmosphere

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