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Causes of failure

Poor design
Wrong manufacturing techniques
Lack of total knowledge & experience
Complexity of the equipment
Poor maintenance policies
Organizational rigidity & complexity
Human errors
Maintainability

“ The probability that failed equipment is


restored to operatable condition in a
specified time (called down-time) when
the maintenance is performed under
stated conditions.”

g (t ) = µ e − µ t (1) Repair density function

t
P (T ≤ t ) = ∫ µ e − µ t (2) t: repair time

0
−µ t Maintainability
M (t ) = 1 − e (3) equation

t
1
MTTR = ∫ tµ e −µ t
= (4) ‘Expected’ value of
‘t’
0
µ
Availability
“ The proportion of the time during
which the equipment is available for
use “
Up − time
Availability =
Up − time + Down − time

A = MTBF / (MTBF+MTTR)

Markov Graph for availability


λ ∆t

1 − µ ∆t
1 − λ ∆t 0 1

µ ∆t

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