ELECTRONIC MECHANICAL DESIGN SYSTEM (E-MECH SYS) FOR CONSULTANCY SERVICES FIRE FIGHTING APPROACH

MOHD F AKZAN AKHMAR BOMAR

This report is submitted to Faculty of Mechanical Engineering in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering (Thermal-Fluids)

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Kolej Universiti Teknikal Kebangsaan Malaysia

November 2005

ABSTRACT

Electrical Mechanical Design System is a software that design for the consultant. This system is based on Building Law 1984 and follows the specification required by Jabatan Bomba. This software is design using Microsoft Visual basic and also Microsoft Access. All the display that have been sketch will display here. However, for the database, Microsoft Access were choose as a database. E- Mech System contains of 8 types of services. There are portable fire extinguisher, external hydrant, hose reel system, dry riser system, wet riser system, down comer system, automatic sprinkler and automatic carbon dioxide extinguisher. Each service will display the information and data that fixed by Jabatan Bomba. Other than that, the figure and installation techniques also contains in this software. This software is not only for display the data but it is also the user can print the data, either installed or display data. Among that, this software also can be as database of the fire fighting. This software will help to determine the quantity, type of system, pump size, type of pipe and others. With this software, hopefully it will helps an engineer to ready up the plan in the aspect f time, calculation and so on. Lastly, hopefully it will improve the system of fire fighting in Malaysia.

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ABSTRAK

Electronic Mechanical Design System (e-MechSys) direka untuk digunakan oleh jurutera perunding mekanikal dalam bidang sistem pencegah kebakaran. Pcrisian yang direka bentuk ini merupakan system yang berpandukan kepada Building By Laws 1984 dan juga mengikut syarat-syarat yang telah ditetapkan oleh Jabatan Bomba Malasia untuk sesebuah pembangunan hendak dibangunkan, Perisian ini direka bentuk dengan menggunakan peri sian Microsoft Visual Basic. Dan paparan yang telah dilakarkan akan dibina dan di hubungkan mengunakan peri sian tcrsebut. Manakala bagi kegunaan database pula, e-MechSys telahpun menggunakan perisian Microsoft Access. Electronic Mechanical Design System (e-MechSys ) rnerupaka perisian pencegah kebakaran yang menggandungi lapan jenis servis. Diantaranya ialah 'Portable Fire Extinguisher, External Hydrant System, Hose Reel System, Wet Riser System, Dry Riser System, Down Comer System, Automatic Sprinkler System and Automatic Carbon Dioxide Extinguisher System'. Setiap paparan servis ini akan juga memaparkan informasi dan juga ketetapan kehendak daripada pihak bomba mengikut undang-undang dan ketetapan yang digunakan dinegara ini. Selain daripada informasi, gambar-gambar mengenai servis yang disediakan, juga dimuatkan didalam perisian ini. Perisian ini juga direka bentuk bukan sekadar digunakan untuk memaparkan maklumat, tetapi ia juga digunakan untuk mencetak maklumat yang telah paparkan. Disamping itu , perisian ini juga boleh digunakan sebagai penyimpan maklumat berkaitan system pencegahan kebakaran. Perisian ini akan cuba mendapatkan kuantiti, jenis sistem, sais pump, jenis dan bahan paip yang digunakan, dan sebagainya Dengan adanya perisian ini ia mungkin banyak membantu jurutera perunding menyediakan plan dari segi masa dan juga pengiraan yang akan meningkatkan lagi taraf system yang digunakan di Malaysia.

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CHAPTERl

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

In the early SO' it was very difficult for the architects, engineers and the building designer to submit the standard design building plans to the various local authorities and district councils in the country. In 1957, the federation of Malaya society of Architects-predecessor of Penubuhan Arkitek Malaysia (PAM) approached the Ministry of Natural resources and Local Government (Ministry of Housing and Local Government) to update the Uniform by Laws to replaces the various outdates Local Council Building by Laws and Sanitary Board Ordinances [1 ].

And the first draft of the UBBL was published under government Bill No. 1065 dates 5 April 1973 and was submitted to the Ministry based on the result of the submission received. The present UBBL was published by the government in 1984 for the implementation [1].

Until now the statistic, the calculation and the decision for the fire fighting system for the construction plan have done using the manual system. With this method, its may caused the project become late and delay from the schedule that can affect the fire fighting project. Form the experienced and research, to stale this problem we must build software for this fire fighting services that Mechanical

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consultant can use. With this solution the consultant can do their work as quick as they can to stale the plan for the construction that they involve.

Actually the software was already in the market at over sea, and this software also has been promoted in this country, but the system does not match with Malaysian system. So that our consultant prefer to do their job manually for their construction.

To soft this problem, we prefer to build this software for fire fighting system to use in our country with our laws. A fire fighting system design needs a serious attention. This is because, this system incriminate people soul. At first stage, it must be decide and analyze the type of instrumental and the position of each instrument. Among that, it is also have to determine the arrangement of the facilities.

1.2 Problem Statement

Fire Fighting system is divided to 8 types of services which is Portable Fire Extinguisher, External Hydrant System, Hose Reel System, Wet Riser System, Dry Riser System, Down Comer System, Automatic Sprinkler System and Automatic Carbon Dioxide Extinguisher System., Hydraulic calculation and design system is a task need to be complete before project implementation. The problem in consultancy services in hydraulic calculation is needed more time, more concentration, and the result not accurate. This is because, there are many aspects needed to be considering in the calculation like pipe sizing, effective of pipe length ( pipe run ), flow rate in imperial gallon per minute (igpm), loss of head and others. Human error can occur, as example in implementing the formula application and as well as very difficult to produce calculation on time especially when time available is very limited (time constrain).

In order to increase their professionalism level, software was needed as an aid to engineers in order to minimize design time and increase the efficiency. It's

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involved all mechanical services including the plumbing system. Its helps those to reduce manpower, human error and the energy wasted during the hydraulic rulculation.

I .. ' Objective

The idea to build this software is adapted from the phenomena that usually happen in fire fighting system. M&E Consultant as example has to take so much time to prepare their fire fighting drawing for construction work in Malaysia. On the other hand, Fire Fighting Services Software means the solution for the consultant to save their times for prepare the fire fighting drawing services.

There are a few objectives in developing this software like as listed as to computerize the element of the fire protection that was using in fire fighting services in this country, to create a solution in resolving the fire protection calculations. Design and build a software use in the fire fighting protection system calculations and to build and develop software using programmed language of 'Visual Basic for Applications (VBA)' and supporting by the Microsoft Access. This software was design not only to solve the calculations problem, but it is also can use as a project data

1.4 Scope of Project

The scope of this project is about development of Electronic Mechanical design system ( E-Mech Sys ) for consultancy services in Fire Fighting system. This program will be built by using Visual Basic software and using the Microsoft Access as the database for this software development.

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I. ~ Thesis Outline

. Ihesis outline is a summary of every chapter was described to introduce .,hlllil the chapter. Chapter one (1) introduced about mechanical system in I «nsultancy services and the objectives develop of the software. Then go to the chapter two (2) where all information about consultancy services in Malaysia and the IIIl" fighting system is discussed. It also includes about Microsoft Visual Basic and Ill-sign consideration of fire fighting system. The next chapter will describe the project implementation from collect data and information until the software was verified. After that, chapter four (4) will perform all steps to develop of software by using Visual Basic. The example flow chart for system will showing in this chapter which is there had more one form. Then go to chapter five (5), where the results from software development will performed, Its include summary of case study from the previous project in Mechanical Consultant. Recommendation and conclusion will explain in the end of this chapter.

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CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Construction Consultant in Malaysia

In Malaysia, there are plural of consultant that operates. There are developing consultant, business consultant and many more. From the researched, the consultant that involved in building construction was chosen.

Consultant that involve in this field, have been divide into a few type which are architect, Civil and structure (C&S) consultant, Mechanical and Electrical (M&E) consultant, and contractor. Architect is a company that designs the building and C&S consultant is a company that analyzes the civil parts and the structure for the construction, M&E consultant is company that will provide the instrumentations of mechanical and electrical for the construction. However, a consultant will estimate the costing and responsible in distributing the development. Lastly is the contractor. !\. contractor is responsible to perform the project at the site.

This contractor must follow the rule and regulations as permitted in executing the project. Because of that, all consultant that involve, are responsible for what have been decide and agreed. It is whether from the position, type of equipment, and others regarding from their field.

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2.2 Mechanical & Electrical Consultant (M&E)

In building development site, M&E consultant is a company that responsible III mechanical and electrical part. For example, the scope for deciding the equipment 10 usc in the construction, total quantity, and others. The consultant also is responsible to do an applications and approval example in requirement of power slipply from INB. M&E consultant will support from the drafting site. This plan will I hen pass to the contractor for the site working. All plans will be verified and authorized by the professional engineer (Ir.) where he or she will verify and qualified the plan before authorized.

2.3 Type Of Servicing In MNE Consultant

In M&E Consultant, there are many types of services that they provide for the following range of Mechanical and Electrical Consultancy services. In the construction, this service has been fixed according to the design and type of building. There are as list as below: -

2.3.1 Landed Residential and Mixed Development

a) Internal Electrical and Telephone Installation

b) Electrical Infra-works

c) Street Lighting Installation

d) Telephone Infra-works

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L\.2 Factories

a) Internal Electrical and Telephone Installation

b) Electrical Infra-works and Compound Lighting

c) Lightning Protection System

d) Air-Conditioning and Mechanical Ventilation system

e) Fire-Fighting Installation

f) Cold and Hot Water Supply Services

g) Sanitary Plumbing Services

2.3.3 Condominium, Apartment and High Rise Flats

a) Internal Electrical and Telephone Installation

b) MATV System

c) Electrical Infra-works
d) Security System
e) Lightning Protection System
f) Fire-Fighting Installation
g) Cold and Hot Water Supply Services
h) Sanitary Plumbing Services
i) Lift Installation
j) Swimming Pool Installation 2.3.4 Commercial Complex, Hotels, Shopping Malls and Recreational Complexes

a) Internal Electrical and Telephone Installation

b) MA TV System

c) Electrical Infra-works

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d) Security System

e) Lightning Protection System

f) Fire-Fighting Installation

g) Cold and Hot Water Supply Services

h) Sanitary Plumbing Services

i) Lift Installation

2... Fire Fighting Services

Fire fighting system becomes a need from Jabatan Bomba Malaysia which is f(,CUS on safety level for each type of project. This system has been divided into Passive and Active fire defense.

2.4.1 Passive Fire Defense

Passive fire defense is basically a planning matter and must be considered at the planning stage in the building design. The selection of the fire resisting materials, sub division of the building into fire tight cells or compartments both vertically and horizontally to contain an outbreak of fire and spread of fire are basic precautions at the planning stage. Effective passive fire precautions represent good planning, good design, and sound construction, which could complement other basic functions of a building [1].

2.4.2 Active Fire Defense

Active fire defense is basically the manual or automatic fire protection system such as: fire alarm, detectors (heat and smoke) rising mains, hose reels, fire telephone, C02 fixed installation, automatic sprinkler and smoke spills system etc. to

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.'1\ l' a warning of an outbreak of fire and containment and extinguishment of a fire. I he provisions of adequate and suitable facilities to assist rescue and fire suppression "I'nation are also within the active fire defense strategies.

The overall fire defense strategies for development project in Malaysia are h.ISl:d on the "Fire Safety Philosophy" of the Malaysian Uniform Building By - I ,IWS 1984 where life safety is the first consideration [1]. The fire prevention and «pcrational requirement for both external and internal fire suppression must be 'Illlsidered together. It must also be possible for the tire fighter to operate at any point in the building. Facilities must be built into the building to enable the fire lighter to reach the top - most floors and carry out rescue and internal fire suppression operations[1].

In this system, it has been done regarding to the preliminary and the concept (If drawing. There are few rules that must be followed from Jabatan Bomba Malaysia. For example fire alarms, detectors (heat and smoke) rising mains, hose reels, fire telephone, C02 fixed installation, automatic sprinklers and smoke spills system and the other safety system of the building development.

Architect will determine the type of building, the usage and the area of the project. The architect will apply for the qualification of the building layout that develops from Jabatan Bomba Malaysia. If the qualification is fail, so the architects have to do the changes about the design and required for the approval again. After an approval, the negotiator of M&E will ready up the fire fighting for the project and then submit to the labatan Bomba Malaysia for the qualification. MNE consultant will arrange the inspection of the building with' labatan Bomba Malaysia'. If the department has agreed with the safety ness, then they will bring out a covered letter for the project.

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l: " . .l Type Of Services

I line are several types of servicing in fire fighting system. There are :

a) Portable Fire Extinguishers

b) External Fire Hydrant

c) Hose Reel System

d) Dry Riser System e} Wet Riser System

f) Down comer System

g) Automatic Sprinkler System

h) Automatic Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing System

2.4.4 Literature Review

For this project, there are 8 types of service that involved. There are such as:

2.4.4.1 Portable Fire Extinguishers

Portable fire extinguishers are intended for the occupants to use to extinguish a fire during its early stage before the fire gets out of control. There are four types of portable extinguishers for use against the appropriate class of fires.

Five classes of fires are:

a) Class A fires involving combustible solid materials like paper, wood, etc

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b) Class B fires involving inflammable liquids like kerosene, diesel, etc.

c) Class C fires involving flammable gases.

d) Class D fires involving reactive metals like sodium and potassium

e) Class E fires involving ignition of an electrical nature.

th efour types of fire extinguishers are as follows:

a) Water type suitable for Class A fires.

b) Dry powder type suitable for Class A, B and C fires.

c) Carbon dioxide type suitable for Class E electrical fires.

d) Foam type suitable for Class B flammable liquid fires

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Figure 2.1: Portable Fire Extinguishers

Design Standards

Under the Uniform Building By Law 1984, the requirement for the extinguishers is stipulated under By-law 227. Portable fire extinguishers should comply with the following Malaysian Standards:

M.S 1179 M.S 1180 M.S 1181 M.S 1182.

: Specification for portable fire extinguishers : Fire extinguisher's media

: Recharging fire extinguishers : Classification of fire

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'f'flll/on and Spacing

Generally portable extinguishers are located along exits routed beside exit ,I .... ,,, .md staircase doors. Generally, any occupant should not need to travel more ,11.111 I." meters to reach a fire extinguisher [1]. Portable fire extinguishers of the 1.11 lx rn dioxide type should be installed in all electrical rooms, fire pump rooms, and Itlt motor rooms. Dry powder type of portable extinguisher should be installed in

l ....... 2 External Fire Hydrant

Fire hydrant installation consists of a system of pipe work connected directly III the water supply mains to provide water to each and every hydrant outlet and is uucnded to provide water for the firemen to fight a fire [2]. The water is discharge mto the fire engine from which it is then pumped and sprayed over the fire. Where 11ll" water supply is not reliable or inadequate, hydrant pump should be provided to pressurize the fire mains.

Figure 2.2: Component in External Fire Hydrant

!\ typical hydrant installation fed directly from the JBA water mains is shown in ligure 2.3 and Figure 2.4 shows a typical installation pressurized by fire pump.

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Figure 2.3: A typical hydrant installation fed directly from JBA water main

/)t'.\·ign Standards

lhc requirement for the fire hydrant is described under By-laws 225(2) and 225(3) of the Uniform Building By-Laws 1984, and relevant standards are as follows:

B.S.5306 Part 1 or the equivalent Malaysian Standard M.S 1395 : Specification for pillar hydrant

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Figure 2.4: A typical installation pressurized by fire pump

Uri/rant Outlets

Located at not less than 6 meters from the building and nor more than 30 meters away from the entrance building [1]. Generally, hydrants are spaced at not more than 90 meters apart along access roads of minimum 6 meters in width and capable of withstanding a load of 26 tons from fire brigade vehicles [1].

Hydrant outlets are typically of twin or 3 outlets pillar type with an underground sluice valve. Where these are installed within owner's boundary, each should be provided within 30 meter of 65 mm diameter rubber lined hose, instantaneous coupling and nozzles, all housed within a steel cabinet beside the hydrant. Hydrant located along public roads need not be provided with hose stations.

For pressurized installation, hydrant outlet should be capable of providing 1000 l/min of water at a minimum running pressure of 4 bar buy not exceeding 7 oars. Where the hydrant outlet is located within the owner's premise, the hydrant hose usually rubber lined, should be provided complete with nozzles at each outlet.

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lhe hydrant main are usually laid underground although they can also be 11t~1.llkd above ground except where it crosses a road. The piping is usually of \ 11111'111 lined steel pipe.

tlvdrun Pumps

The hydrant pumps draw water from the firewater storage tank and two sets lIt pumps, one on duty and the other on standby, are provided. The pump capacity is usually sized to deliver a flow rate of 3000 l/rnin at a running pressure of not less than 4 bars and not more than 7 bars, for any three hydrant outlets operating at the ""'IIC time [1]. This flow rate will have to be increased if the number of outlets to be operating at the same in more than three [2].

The standby hydrant pump set should be supplied with power from the emergency generator if this is available. Otherwise. the standby pump set should be diesel engine driven. Fuel supply should be adequate for minimum 2 hour of I ipcration. Electrical cabling to supply power to the hydrant pump should be run in conduit or alternatively, may be of fire rated type of cable. Batteries for the diesel engine should be maintenance free type.

In addition to the duty and standby pump sets, a jockey pump is normally provided to maintain system pressure and avoid having to start up the duty pumps. Jockey pump are usually electric motor driven with a capacity of around 120 l/min.

I Iydrant Tanks

The fire water storage tank should be sized for a minimum effective capacity of 180 000 liters and should be refilled automatically from a water supply pipe capable of providing a minimum flow rate of20 liters per sec [1]. For hydrant pump larger than 3000 lImin, the make up water flow rate should be such that together with

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,,,,, water stored, the hydrant pump will be able to operate for 1 hour [1]. A 4 way 1IIl'l'l'hing inlet should also be provided to enable the fire brigade to help refill the ",,,k III.

Hydrant tank are usually separate from other water storage tanks but may be . otnbincd with water storage tanks for other fire fighting systems. In such cases, the IlIlIk capacity should be the sum total of the water storage for both hydrant as well as 1 Ill' other fire fighting system.

The tank may be of pressed steel, fiberglass reinforced polyester (FRP) or I"llncrcte [1], Pressed steel tanks if used should be hot dipped galvanized and coated Internally with bituminous paint for corrosion protection [1]. The tank should be compartmented and water level indicator should be provided to show the amount of water available. The external surface of the tank should be painted red or where this IS not desirable, a red band of minimum 200 mm should be painted to indicate that this is a fire tank [1].

2.4.4.3 Hose Reel System

Hose reel system is intended for the occupant to use during the early stage of a fire and comprises hose reel pumps, firewater storage tank' hose reel, pipe work and valves.

Figure 2.5: Fixed and swing fire hose reel

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1)"'IXn Standards

'I 'he requirement for hose reel system is detailed under the Tenth Schedule of Ihl' I lni form By Law 1984. The applicable standards for hose reel systems are as

BS 5306 Part 1 or the equivalent Malaysian Standard; M.S 1447 - Hose reels with semi-rigid hose;

Pr EN 694 : Semi-rigid hoses for first aid fixed installation

I/(J.H! Reels

Hose reel usually placed such that all areas are within 30 meters hose coverage of each hose reel [1]. One hose reel should be provided for every 800 sq. meters of usable floor space [1]. Hose reels are usually located in prominent positions at each floor level along escape routes or beside exit doors or staircases.

Each hose reel outlet is to discharge a minimum of 30 l/min of water within 6 meter of all parts of the space protected. The rubber hoses should be to pr EN 694 and are typically 30 meter in length and 25mm in diameter. Nozzles should be of the jet and spray adjustable type of different diameters but 8 mm is a recommended size.

Figure 2.6: Jet and spray nozzle

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Pipe work for hose reel system is generally 50 mm nominal diameter and the Ifn\ to individual hose reel should be not less than 25 rom diameter. The piping xhould be of galvanized steel medium grade (Class B) minimum for above ground plpillg and heavy grade (Class C) for underground pipes. The pipes shall be painted \\ ith primer and fmished with red paint or the hose reel pipe may be identified with l1:d bands painted at elbows and tees.

ilose Reel Pump

The hose reel pumps draw water from the firewater storage tank and two sets Ilf pumps, one on duty and the other on standby, are provided. The pmnp capacity is usually sized to deliver a flow rate of 120 l/min at a running pressure of not less than .~ bars for any four hose reels operating at the same time [1].

The standby hose pump set should be supplied with power from the emergency generator or diesel engine. The fuel should be adequate for minimum 1- hour operation. Where the total number of hose reel in the building does not exceed lour, the standby pump set may be electrically driven and need not provided with emergency power.

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Figure 2.7: A typical hose reel installation

The hose reel pump set should be protected from the weather and away from location likely to be flooded. It can be located anywhere in the building or on the 1'001' but should be ventilated by natural Of mechanical means and provided with the necessary signage. A carbon dioxide type portable extinguisher should provide as well.

Hose Reel Tanks

The water storage tank should be sized based on 2275 liters (500 gallon) for the first hose reel and 1137.5 liters (250 gallon) for every additional hose reel up to maximum of 9100 liters (2000 gallon) for each system [1]. The tank may be of pressed steel, fiberglass reinforced polyester (FRP) or concrete [1]. The hose reel tank should be refilled automatically from a water supply pipe minimum 50 mm diameter to provide a minimum flow rate of 150 lImin.

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Although hose reel tanks are usually separated from domestic water storage hU\k~, the two can be combined. In such cases, 'the tank capacity should be the sum

II Itlll of the water storage for both domestic as well as for the hose reels and the tap 1111' point for the domestic use must be above the tap offpoint for the hose reel system IIl1ch the minimum fire reserve always maintained.

(,'ruvity Feed Hose Reel System

The tank is located on the roof or upper floor and the static pressure is ndequate to achieve the required pressure, the hose reels may be fed directly from the hose reel tank. If pumps are required for the upper floors. a bypass pipe is usually provided. Where excessive pressure is encountered pressure-reducing valves should he installed with a manual by pass in case the pressure-reducing valve fails.

2.4.4.4 Dry Riser System

Dry risers are a form of internal hydrant for the firemen to use and are only required for buildings where the topmost floor is higher than 18.3 meters and less than 30.5 meters above the fire appliance access level [1]. Dry risers are normally dry and depend on the fire engine to pump water into the system. Dry riser system comprises a riser pipe with landing valves at each floor and to which rubber lined hose with nozzles can be connected to direct the water jet at the fire. Breeching inlets into which the firemen pump water are provided at ground level and connected to the hottom of the dry risers [1].

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Figure 2.8: A typical dry riser installation

IJ".\'ign Standards

In the Uniform By Law 1984, the By laws pertaining to dry risers are By laws .110 and 232. The relevant standards for dry riser are:

B.S.5306: Part 1 or the equivalent Malaysian Standard M.S.1210: Part 2 - Landing valves For Dry Riser M.S.l210: Part 3 - Inlet Breeching For Riser Inlet M.S.121O: Part 4 - Boxes for Landing Valve For Dry Riser

Landing Valve

Landing valve are provided on each floor and should comply with M.S 1210:

Part 2. They are usually, located within fire access lobbies, protected staircases or

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"Itll'r protected lobbies and installed at not more than 0.75 meter above the floor "', ,·1. To protect the landing valve, boxes may be provided and these should comply "lib M.S. 1210: Part 4. Fire hose of the rubber lined type complete with 65 mm .h.uueter quick coupling and nozzle should be provided in a hose cradle beside each

I.,,,dlng valve.

, I

Cimdiu: rut Bax

"'i~ure 2.9: Hose Rack Assembly, outlet, inlet box, landing valve box and air release valve for dry riser system

Hrt'eching Inlet

The fire brigade breeching inlet installed at the bottom of the riser should nllnply with M.S 1210: Part 5 and labeled "Dry Riser Inlet'. A drain should be provided at the bottom of the riser to drain the system after use.

ORSOtS·CI·002.RO

Figure 2.10: 4-Way, 2 Way breeching inlet and breeching box

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i\ two way breeching inlet should be provided for a 100 mm diameter dry How'r while a ISO mm diameter dry riser should be installed with four way breeching tukl. Hreeching inlets should be located no more than 18 meter from the fire 1l,'pIIlUlCC access road and not more than 30 meter from the nearest external hydrant IIlIlkl.

IfI,,., Pipe

The riser pipe diameter usually located within the fire access lobby or IIlll1rCllSC should he 150 mm if the highest outlet is more than 23 meter above the hrccching inlet. Otherwise, the riser pipe can be 100 mm in diameter. The riser pipe .luII1 be of galvanized iron to B.S 1387 (Heavy gauge) or Class C, tested to 21 bars.

Horizontal runs of pipe work feeding the risers should be sloped to enable pWPeT draining after use. An. air release valve should be installed at the top of the user to relieve air trapped in the system. The riser pipe should be electrically earthed or connected to the building earth to achieve equipotent.

2.4.4.5 Wet Riser System

Wet risers are form of internal hydrant for the firemen to use and are always \ harged with water. Wet risers are only required for building where the topmost floor IS higher than 30.5 meters above the fire appliance access level [IJ.

Wet risers system comprises duty fire pump with standby pump discharging into a 150mm diameter riser pipe with landing valves at each floor and to which rubber lined hose with nozzles can be connected to direct the water jet at the fire (1]. i\ jockey pump is usually provided to maintain system pressure. For high rise huilding, each stage of the wet riser should not exceed 71 meters.

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. Ihe requirement for wet riser systems are described under By laws 231 and .' ·Hi Ilf the Uniform Building By Law 1984 and the applicable standard are:

B.S.5306 : Part 1 or the equivalent Malaysian Standard M.S.121O: Part 2 - Landing valves For Dry Riser M.S.1210: Part 3 - Inlet Breeching For Riser Inlet M.S.1210: Part 4 - Boxes for Landing Valve For Wet Riser

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Figure 2.11: A typical wet riser installation

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