COIN BASED MOBILE CHARGER

COIN BASED MOBILE CHARGER

With mobile phones becoming the major source of business/personal

communication, the mobile phone business is currently worth billion of
dollars, and supports millions of phones. The need to provide a public
charging service is essential. Many critics argued that a public mobile
phone charging service is not a lucrative business because most users
can charge their phones at home, in their office or in their cars.
STAYTALKING Coin Operated Mobile Phone Charger is a new business
milestone because many are attending business conventions and
forgetting their charger at home or in hotel rooms. Students and many
that use the public transportation that don't know that their level of
their battery is low are prospective customers for coin operated mobile
phone charger service. Recommended locations include: Hotels,
conference centers, exhibition halls, serviced offices, exchange halls,
motels, leisure centers, health clubs, training centers, golf clubs, retail
outlets, shopping malls, Internet cafes, universities, colleges, hall of
residence, airports, train terminals, etc., so that the mobile phone users
can reactivate a low or dead battery by simply plugging in and charging
for as low as one dollar. Coin Operated Mobile Phone Charger benefits
to the users include: -To reactivate a low or dead battery -To retrieve
vital text or voice mail -No need to carry around a charger -Fast micro
pulse charge in 10 minutes -Make and receive calls while charging
-Never be without a charged phone again The key features of the
STAYTALKING Charger includes: -Simple to operate, plug and charge
-Supports 95% of all mobile phones -Stylish design and eye catching
signage -Select the charging lead for your make of phone -Allows up to
10 users to recharge their mobile phones simultaneously -Unique
service to customers -Generate revenue from day one. Public Coin
Operated Mobile Phone Chargers are now available. To become a
provider in your area or for more information.
 ABSTRACT

Introduction:

The objective of this project is inserting the coin using charge

for your mobile phone in public places.

Scope:

This project is very useful to people who are all using mobile
phone without charging condition in pubic places.

Explanation:

In this project, who are all using mobile phones in outside of

home are office without charging condition. The coin based mobile
phone charger is very useful to that person for using coin to charge for
that mobile. The IR (infrared) transmitter is used to transmit IR signal in
the transmitter side. The IR receiver is used to receive the IR signal in
the receiver side. Between the IR transmitter and receiver, insert a coin
to change the polarity of pulse in SCU input.

The SCU is used to converting low pulse to high pulse and that
pulse is inverted in inverter. The 555 IC is act as a timer to produces
high pulse for particular time period. Again the SCU is used to
converting low pulse to high pulse and this output is give to input of
driver circuit. Driver circuit is used for provide the sufficient input
voltage of relay. The relay will on to activate the 230v charger, we will
use charger to charge for our mobile phone.

Advantages:

The main merits of this is

i. Simple and hand efficient.

ii. Less expensive.
iii. Reduced man power.
iv. Low power consumption.

Application:

The coin based mobile phone charger is very useful to public for using
coin to charge for the mobile phone in any places.
BLOCK DIAGRAM

BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION

1.IR SENSOR

A InfraRed sensor (IR sensor) is an electronic device that measures

infrared (IR) light radiating from objects in its field of view.Apparent
motion is detected when an infrared source with one temperature, such
as a human, passes in front of an infrared source with another
temperature, such as a wall.

All objects emit what is known as black body radiation. It is usually

infrared radiation that is invisible to the human eye but can be detected
by electronic devices designed for such a purpose.

“Infra” meaning below our ability to detect it visually, and “Red”

because this color represents the lowest energy level that our eyes can
sense before it becomes invisible. Thus, infrared means below the
energy level of the color red, and applies to many sources of invisible
energy.

Infrared transmitter is one type of LED which emits infrared rays

generally called as IR Transmitter. Similarly IR Receiver is used to
receive the IR rays transmitted by the IR transmitter. One important
point is both IR transmitter and receiver should be placed straight line
to each other.
The transmitted signal is given to IR transmitter whenever the signal is
high, the IR transmitter LED is conducting it passes the IR rays to the
receiver.

When receiver receives the signal from the transmitter it resistance value
is low.it resistance value become high when the signal was cut. By this
sensor sense the value.

2.SCU
 Signal conditioning unit

The signal conditioning unit accepts input signals from the analog
sensors and gives a conditioned output of 0-5V DC corresponding to the
entire range of each parameter.  This unit also accepts the digital
sensor inputs and gives outputs in 10 bit binary with a positive logic
level of +5V.  The calibration voltages* (0, 2.5 and 5V) and the health
bits are also generated in this unit. 

Microcontrollers are widely used for control in power electronics. They

provide real time control by processing analog signals obtained from
the system. A suitable isolation interface needs to be designed for
interaction between the control circuit and high voltage hardware. A
signal conditioning unit which provides necessary interface between a
high power grid inverter and a low voltage controller unit.

3.TIMER 555
The 555 Timer IC is an integrated circuit (chip) implementing a variety
of timer and multivibrator applications. The IC was designed by Hans R.
Camenzind in 1970 and brought to market in 1971 by Signetics (later
acquired by Philips). The original name was the SE555 (metal
can)/NE555 (plastic DIP) and the part was described as "The IC Time
Machine".[1] It has been claimed that the 555 gets its name from the
three 5 kΩ resistors used in typical early implementations,[2] but Hans
Camenzind has stated that the number was arbitrary.[3] The part is still
in wide use, thanks to its ease of use, low price and good stability. As of
2003, it is estimated that 1 billion units are manufactured every year.[3]

Depending on the manufacturer, the standard 555 package includes over

20 transistors, 2 diodes and 15 resistors on a silicon chip installed in an
8-pin mini dual-in-line package (DIP-8).[4] Variants available include the
556 (a 14-pin DIP combining two 555s on one chip), and the 558 (a 16-
pin DIP combining four slightly modified 555s with DIS & THR
connected internally, and TR falling edge sensitive instead of level
sensitive).
Ultra-low power versions of the 555 are also available, such as the 7555
and TLC555.[5] The 7555 requires slightly different wiring using fewer
external components and less power.

The 555 has three operating modes:

 Monostable mode: in this mode, the 555 functions as a "one-

shot". Applications include timers, missing pulse detection,
bouncefree switches, touch switches, frequency divider,
capacitance measurement, pulse-width modulation (PWM) etc
 Astable - free running mode: the 555 can operate as an oscillator.
Uses include LED and lamp flashers, pulse generation, logic clocks,
tone generation, security alarms, pulse position modulation, etc.
 Bistable mode or Schmitt trigger: the 555 can operate as a flip-
flop, if the DIS pin is not connected and no capacitor is used. Uses
include bouncefree latched switches, etc.
4.RELAY

A RELAY IS AN ELECTRICALLY OPERATED SWITCH.

Many relays use an electromagnet to operate a switching mechanism,

but other operating principles are also used. Relays find applications
where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power signal, or
where several circuits must be controlled by one signal.

The first relays were used in long distance telegraph circuits, repeating
the signal coming in from one circuit and re-transmitting it to another.
Relays found extensive use in telephone exchanges and early
computers to perform logical operations. A type of relay that can
handle the high power required to directly drive an electric motor is
called a contactor.

Solid-state relays control power circuits with no moving parts, instead

using a semiconductor device to perform switching. Relays with
calibrated operating characteristics and sometimes multiple operating
coils are used to protect electrical circuits from overload or faults; in
modern electric power systems these functions are performed by
digital instruments still called "protection relays".
5MOBILE CHARGER
A battery charger is a device used to put energy into a secondary cell
or (rechargeable) battery by forcing an electric current through it.

The charge current depends upon the technology and capacity of the
battery being charged. For example, the current that should be applied to
recharge a 12 V car battery will be very different from the current for a
mobile phone battery.
OVER ALL CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION

1. POWER SUPPLY

Block diagram

The ac voltage, typically 220V rms, is connected to a transformer,

which steps that ac voltage down to the level of the desired dc output.
A diode rectifier then provides a full-wave rectified voltage that is
initially filtered by a simple capacitor filter to produce a dc voltage. This
resulting dc voltage usually has some ripple or ac voltage variation.
 A regulator circuit removes the ripples and also remains the same
dc value even if the input dc voltage varies, or the load connected to
the output dc voltage changes. This voltage regulation is usually
obtained using one of the popular voltage regulator IC units.

IC REGULATOR
TRANSFORMER RECTIFIER FILTER LOAD

Block diagram (Power supply)

Working principle

Transformer

The potential transformer will step down the power supply

voltage (0-230V) to (0-6V) level. Then the secondary of the potential
transformer will be connected to the precision rectifier, which is
constructed with the help of op–amp. The advantages of using
precision rectifier are it will give peak voltage output as DC, rest of the
circuits will give only RMS output.

Bridge rectifier

When four diodes are connected as shown in figure, the circuit is

called as bridge rectifier. The input to the circuit is applied to the
diagonally opposite corners of the network, and the output is taken
from the remaining two corners.

Let us assume that the transformer is working properly and there

is a positive potential, at point A and a negative potential at point B. the
positive potential at point A will forward bias D3 and reverse bias D4.

The negative potential at point B will forward bias D1 and reverse

D2. At this time D3 and D1 are forward biased and will allow current
flow to pass through them; D4 and D2 are reverse biased and will block
current flow.

The path for current flow is from point B through D1, up through
RL, through D3, through the secondary of the transformer back to point
B. this path is indicated by the solid arrows. Waveforms (1) and (2) can
be observed across D1 and D3.
 One-half cycle later the polarity across the secondary of the
transformer reverse, forward biasing D2 and D4 and reverse biasing D1
and D3. Current flow will now be from point A through D4, up through
RL, through D2, through the secondary of T1, and back to point A. This
path is indicated by the broken arrows. Waveforms (3) and (4) can be
observed across D2 and D4. The current flow through RL is always in
the same direction. In flowing through RL this current develops a
voltage corresponding to that shown waveform (5). Since current flows
through the load (RL) during both half cycles of the applied voltage, this
bridge rectifier is a full-wave rectifier.

One advantage of a bridge rectifier over a conventional full-wave

rectifier is that with a given transformer the bridge rectifier produces a
voltage output that is nearly twice that of the conventional full-wave
circuit.

This may be shown by assigning values to some of the components

shown in views A and B. assume that the same transformer is used in
both circuits. The peak voltage developed between points X and y is
1000 volts in both circuits. In the conventional full-wave circuit shown
—in view A, the peak voltage from the center tap to either X or Y is 500
volts. Since only one diode can conduct at any instant, the maximum
voltage that can be rectified at any instant is 500 volts.
 The maximum voltage that appears across the load resistor is
nearly-but never exceeds-500 v0lts, as result of the small voltage drop
across the diode. In the bridge rectifier shown in view B, the maximum
voltage that can be rectified is the full secondary voltage, which is 1000
volts. Therefore, the peak output voltage across the load resistor is
nearly 1000 volts. With both circuits using the same transformer, the
bridge rectifier circuit produces a higher output voltage than the
conventional full-wave rectifier circuit.

IC voltage regulators

Voltage regulators comprise a class of widely used ICs.

Regulator IC units contain the circuitry for reference source,
comparator amplifier, control device, and overload protection all in a
single IC. IC units provide regulation of either a fixed positive voltage, a
fixed negative voltage, or an adjustably set voltage. The regulators can
be selected for operation with load currents from hundreds of milli
amperes to tens of amperes, corresponding to power ratings from milli
watts to tens of watts.
 Circuit diagram (Power supply)

A fixed three-terminal voltage regulator has an unregulated dc

input voltage, Vi, applied to one input terminal, a regulated dc output
voltage, Vo, from a second terminal, with the third terminal connected
to ground.

The series 78 regulators provide fixed positive regulated voltages

from 5 to 24 volts. Similarly, the series 79 regulators provide fixed
negative regulated voltages from 5 to 24 volts.
  For ICs, microcontroller, LCD --------- 5 volts
 For alarm circuit, op-amp, relay circuits ---------- 12 volts

2.IR SENSING CIRCUIT

 Infrared transmitter is one type of LED which emits infrared rays
generally called as IR Transmitter. Similarly IR Receiver is used to
receive the IR rays transmitted by the IR transmitter. One important
point is both IR transmitter and receiver should be placed straight line
to each other.

The transmitted signal is given to IR transmitter whenever the

signal is high, the IR transmitter LED is conducting it passes the IR rays
to the receiver. The IR receiver is connected with comparator. The
comparator is constructed with LM 358 operational amplifier. In the
comparator circuit the reference voltage is given to inverting input
terminal. The non inverting input terminal is connected IR receiver.
When interrupt the IR rays between the IR transmitter and receiver, the
IR receiver is not conducting. So the comparator non inverting input
terminal voltage is higher then inverting input. Now the comparator
output is in the range of +5V. This voltage is given to microcontroller or
PC and led so led will glow.

When IR transmitter passes the rays to receiver, the IR receiver is

conducting due to that non inverting input voltage is lower than
inverting input. Now the comparator output is GND so the output is
given to microcontroller or PC. This circuit is mainly used to for
counting application, intruder detector etc.

3.TIMER 555
      Monostable means that once the circuit is switched on it will time
once and then stop. In order to start it again it must be switched on

manually a second time.      

In the circuit drawn opposite, the 555 timer is set to turn on the buzzer
when the push switch is pressed; the buzzer sounds for approximately 8
seconds. This is a monostable circuit as it works only once. The switch
must be pressed again for the buzzer to sound again.
 

On the diagram above if the components 'boxed in' by the dotted line are
removed and the alternative components (shown on the right) are added
- the 555 timer circuit can be used to energise a relay.

The timer can now be used to trigger a relay which then allows another
circuit to work. In this case the timer holds the relay closed for a preset
amount of time allowing the second circuit to work and then switches
the relay open, which stops the secondary circuit.

 Monostable multivibrator often called a one shot multivibrator is a

pulse generating circuit in which the duration of this pulse is
determined by the RC network connected externally to the 555 timer.
In a stable or standby state, the output of the circuit is approximately
zero or a logic-low level. When external trigger pulse is applied output
is forced to go high ( VCC). The time for which output remains high is
determined by the external RC network connected to the timer. At the
end of the timing interval, the output automatically reverts back to its
logic-low stable state. The output stays low until trigger pulse is again
applied. Then the cycle repeats. The monostable circuit has only one
stable state (output low) hence the name monostable.
The 555 Timer IC is an integrated circuit (chip) implementing a variety
of timer and multivibrator applications. The IC was designed by Hans R.
Camenzind in 1970 and brought to market in 1971 by Signetics (later
acquired by Philips). The original name was the SE555 (metal
can)/NE555 (plastic DIP) and the part was described as "The IC Time
Machine".[1] It has been claimed that the 555 gets its name from the three
5 kΩ resistors used in typical early implementations,[2] but Hans
Camenzind has stated that the number was arbitrary.[3] The part is still in
wide use, thanks to its ease of use, low price and good stability. As of
2003, it is estimated that 1 billion units are manufactured every year.[3]

Depending on the manufacturer, the standard 555 package includes over

20 transistors, 2 diodes and 15 resistors on a silicon chip installed in an
8-pin mini dual-in-line package (DIP-8).[4] Variants available include the
556 (a 14-pin DIP combining two 555s on one chip), and the 558 (a 16-
pin DIP combining four slightly modified 555s with DIS & THR
connected internally, and TR falling edge sensitive instead of level
sensitive).

Ultra-low power versions of the 555 are also available, such as the 7555
and TLC555.[5] The 7555 requires slightly different wiring using fewer
external components and less power.

The 555 has three operating modes:

4.RELAY

A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an

electromagnet to operate a switching mechanism, but other operating
principles are also used. Relays find applications where it is necessary
to control a circuit by a low-power signal, or where several circuits must
be controlled by one signal. The first relays were used in long distance
telegraph circuits, repeating the signal coming in from one circuit and
re-transmitting it to another. Relays found extensive use in telephone
exchanges and early computers to perform logical operations. A type of
relay that can handle the high power required to directly drive an
electric motor is called a contactor. Solid-state relays control power
circuits with no moving parts, instead using a semiconductor device
triggered by light to perform switching. Relays with calibrated operating
characteristics and sometimes multiple operating coils are used to
protect electrical circuits from overload or faults; in modern electric
power systems these functions are performed by digital instruments
still called "protection relays".

Basic design and operation

Small relay as used in electronics

A simple electromagnetic relay, such as the one taken from a car in the
first picture, is an adaptation of an electromagnet. It consists of a coil of
wire surrounding a soft iron core, an iron yoke, which provides a low
reluctance path for magnetic flux, a movable iron armature, and a set,
or sets, of contacts; two in the relay pictured. The armature is hinged to
the yoke and mechanically linked to a moving contact or contacts. It is
held in place by a spring so that when the relay is de-energized there is
an air gap in the magnetic circuit. In this condition, one of the two sets
of contacts in the relay pictured is closed, and the other set is open.
Other relays may have more or fewer sets of contacts depending on
their function. The relay in the picture also has a wire connecting the
armature to the yoke. This ensures continuity of the circuit between
the moving contacts on the armature, and the circuit track on the
printed circuit board (PCB) via the yoke, which is soldered to the PCB.

When an electric current is passed through the coil, the resulting

magnetic field attracts the armature, and the consequent movement of
the movable contact or contacts either makes or breaks a connection
with a fixed contact. If the set of contacts was closed when the relay
was De-energized, then the movement opens the contacts and breaks
the connection, and vice versa if the contacts were open. When the
current to the coil is switched off, the armature is returned by a force,
approximately half as strong as the magnetic force, to its relaxed
position. Usually this force is provided by a spring, but gravity is also
used commonly in industrial motor starters. Most relays are
manufactured to operate quickly. In a low voltage application, this is to
reduce noise. In a high voltage or high current application, this is to
reduce arcing.
If the coil is energized with DC, a diode is frequently installed across the
coil, to dissipate the energy from the collapsing magnetic field at
deactivation, which would otherwise generate a voltage spike
dangerous to circuit components. Some automotive relays already
include a diode inside the relay case. Alternatively a contact protection
network, consisting of a capacitor and resistor in series, may absorb the
surge. If the coil is designed to be energized with AC, a small copper
ring can be crimped to the end of the solenoid. This "shading ring"
creates a small out-of-phase current, which increases the minimum pull
on the armature during the AC cycle.[1]

By analogy with the functions of the original electromagnetic device, a

solid-state relay is made with a thyristor or other solid-state switching
device. To achieve electrical isolation an optocoupler can be used which
is a light-emitting diode (LED) coupled with a photo transistor.

A latching relay has two relaxed states (bistable). These are also called
"impulse", "keep", or "stay" relays. When the current is switched off,
the relay remains in its last state. This is achieved with a solenoid
operating a ratchet and cam mechanism, or by having two opposing
coils with an over-center spring or permanent magnet to hold the
armature and contacts in position while the coil is relaxed, or with a
remanent core. In the ratchet and cam example, the first pulse to the
coil turns the relay on and the second pulse turns it off. In the two coil
example, a pulse to one coil turns the relay on and a pulse to the
opposite coil turns the relay off. This type of relay has the advantage
that it consumes power only for an instant, while it is being switched,
and it retains its last setting across a power outage. A remanent core
latching relay requires a current pulse of opposite polarity to make it
change state.

Circuit description:

This circuit is designed to control the load. The load may be motor
or any other load. The load is turned ON and OFF through relay. The
relay ON and OFF is controlled by the pair of switching transistors (BC
547). The DPDT relay is connected in the Q2 transistor collector
terminal. A Relay is nothing but electromagnetic switching device which
consists of six pins. They are two set of Common, Normally close (NC)
and Normally open (NO) pins.

The relay common pin is connected to supply voltage. The

normally open (NO) pin connected to load. When high pulse signal is
given to base of the Q1 transistors, the transistor is conducting and
shorts the collector and emitter terminal and zero signals is given to
base of the Q2 transistor. So the relay is turned OFF state.
 When low pulse is given to base of transistor Q1 transistor,
the transistor is turned OFF. Now 12v is given to base of T2 transistor so
the transistor is conducting and relay is energized. Hence the common
terminal and NO terminal of relay are shorted. Now load gets the
supply voltage through relay.

Voltage Signal from Transistor Q1 Transistor Q2

Relay

Microcontroller or PC

1 on off
off

0 off on
on