5DGLRJUDSKLF 6FLHQFH ;UD\ 7XEH 'HVLJQ RSHUDWLRQ 0DUF *ULIILWKV

/HDUQLQJ 2XWFRPHV
$W WKH HQG RI WKH VHVVLRQ WKH VWXGHQW ZLOO EH DEOH WR
I

,GHQWLI\ WKH WKH SDUWV RI D W\SLFDO VWDWLRQDU\ URWDWLQJ DQRGH WXEH 6WDWH WKH IXQFWLRQ DQG FRQVWUXFWLRQ PDWHULDOV RI WKH YDULRXV FRPSRQHQWV RI WKH I WXEH LQVHUW I FDVLQJ I +7 VXSSO\ 'HVFULEH KRZ WKH FDWKRGH DQG DQRGH DUH GHVLJQHG WR VXLW WKHLU IXQFWLRQ

/HDUQLQJ 2XWFRPHV 
$W WKH HQG RI WKH VHVVLRQ WKH VWXGHQW ZLOO EH DEOH WR
I

I I

,OOXVWUDWH DQG H[SODLQ KRZ KHDW LV GLVVLSDWHG IURP WKH DQRGH 'HVFULEH WKH GLIIHUHQFHV EHWZHHQ $ VWDWLRQDU\ URWDWLQJ DQRGH ;UD\ WXEH *ODVV DQG PHWDO FHUDPLF WXEHV &7 FRQYHQWLRQDO WXEHV ([SODLQ WKH OLQH IRFXV SULQFLSOH ([SODLQ JHRPHWULF XQVKDUSQHVV WKH DQRGH KHHO HIIHFW

,QWURGXFWLRQ
7KH [UD\ WXEH LV D VSHFLDO W\SH RI GLRGH YDOYH I ,Q RUGHU WR SURGXFH [UD\V
I
I I

I I

I I

3URGXFH HOHFWURQV YLD D KHDWHG ILODPHQW FDWKRGH 8WLOLVH D SRVLWLYH DQRGH WR DWWUDFW WKH IDVW PRYLQJ HOHFWURQV 9DFXXP FRQGLWLRQV $ KLJK WHQVLRQ VXSSO\ ZKLFK DFFHOHUDWHV WKH HOHFWURQV 3K\VLFDO 3URWHFWLYH FDVLQJ WXEH KRXVLQJ 5DGLDWLRQ 3URWHFWHG

3XUSRVH
I

7KH SXUSRVH RI DQ [UD\ WXEH LV WR SURYLGH [UD\V IURP DV QHDU D SRLQW VRXUFH DV SRVVLEOH ZLWKRXW GDPDJH IURP KHDW ZKLFK LV JHQHUDWHG LQ WKH SURFHVV RI [UD\ SURGXFWLRQ ,W VKRXOG EH SRVVLEOH WR FRQWURO WKH TXDOLW\ WKH TXDQWLW\ RI UDGLDWLRQ 7KH UDGLDWLRQ VKRXOG RQO\ HPHUJH IURP WKH ZLQGRZ SRUW RI WKH KRXVLQJ RI WKH WXEH KHDG VKRXOG EH HOHFWULFDOO\ VDIH VHFXUHO\ VXSSRUWHG EXW FDSDEOH RI HDV\ PRYHPHQW LQWR DQ\ SRVLWLRQ EHLQJ PDLQWDLQHG LQ WKDW SRVLWLRQ 7KH GHVLJQ VKRXOG EH VXFK WKDW LW LV HDVLO\ FOHDQHG PDLQWDLQHG

5HTXLUHPHQWV RI WKH [UD\ WXEH

([DPSOH W\SLFDO GLDJQRVWLF ;UD\ XQLWV

;UD\ 7XEH 7XEH SRUW

0RELOH ;UD\ 8QLW

6SHFLDOLVHG 6NXOO 8QLW

([DPSOH RI 5DGLRWKHUDS\ 6LPXODWLRQ 8QLW

;UD\ 7XEH %DVLF 3ULQFLSOHV

I

+LJK YROWDJH LV DSSOLHG EHWZHHQ WKH DQRGH FDWKRGH HOHFWURQV H DUH HPLWWHG IURP WKH ILODPHQW DQG DFFHOHUDWHG WRZDUG WKH DQRGH DQG VWULNH WKH WDUJHW

*HRPHWULF 8QVKDUSQHVV 8J
3URGXFLQJ LPDJHV IURP D ILQLWH VRXUFH 1RW D SRLQW VRXUFH ZLOO SURGXFH XQVKDUSQHVV GXH WR WKH JHRPHWU\ RI WKH V\VWHP
,I ZH SURGXFH ;UD\V IURP D SRLQW VRXUFH WKLV SUHVHQWV WZR SUREOHPV ,I DOO WKH HOHFWURQV VWULNH RQH SRLQW RQ WKH DQRGH WKH KHDW SURGXFHG DW WKLV SRLQW ZRXOG FDXVH WKH DQRGH WR PHOW +RZ ZRXOG DOO WKH HOHFWURQV EH DWWUDFWHG WR WKH DQRGH DW RQH SRLQW" 7KH HOHFWURQV DUH QHJDWLYHO\ FKDUJHG WKHUHIRUH WHQG WR UHSHO HDFK RWKHU DV WKH\ WUDYHO IURP FDWKRGH WR DQRGH WKHUHIRUH VSUHDG RXW

*HRPHWULF 8QVKDUSQHVV
/DUJHU )LQLWH VRXUFH

)RFXV

6PDOO 3RLQW 6RXUFH

2EMHFW 8J ,PDJH 8J ,PDJH

6WDWLRQDU\ $QRGH ;UD\ 7XEH

I

&DWKRGH LV D WXQJVWHQ ILODPHQW ZKHQ KHDWHG HPLWV HOHFWURQ H D SURFHVV NQRZQ DV WKHUPLRQLF HPLVVLRQ $QRGH FRQVLVWV RI D WKLFN FRSSHU URG (PEHGGHG DW WKH HQG LV WKH WXQJVWHQ WDUJHW

67$7,21$5< $12'( ;5$< 78%(

5RWDWLQJ ;UD\ 7XEH

5RWDWLQJ ;UD\ WXEH

I I

$QRGH PDGH RI WXQJVWHQ EHWZHHQ  UKHQLXP 6HW DW HQG RI D WKLQ PRO\EGHQXP VSLQGOH 0D\ KDYH FDUERQ RU PRO\EGHQXP EDFNLQJ LQFUHDVHG WXEH ORDGLQJ $QRGH URWDWHV  USP YLD URWRU EDOO EHDULQJV VWDWRU ZLQGLQJV

5RWDWLQJ $QRGH ;UD\ 7XEH

I I I

'LIIHUV LQ GHVLJQ WR VWDWLRQDU\ [UD\ WXEH LQ WKDW WKH DQRGH FRQVLVWV RI D GLVF RI VROLG WXQJVWHQ 7KH WXQJVWHQ GLVF URWDWHV DW D VSHHG RI DERXW  USP GXULQJ H[SRVXUH SHULRG 'LVF KDV D EHYHOOHG HGJH
I I

I I I I I

7KH GHJUHH RI DQJXODWLRQ UHSUHVHQWV WKH DQJOH RI WKH WDUJHW WKXV HPSOR\LQJ WKH OLQH IRFXV SULQFLSOH 'LDPHWHU RI W\SLFDO DQRGH LV FPV DSSUR[LPDWH 7KH XVH RI VXFK URWDWLQJ DQRGHV DOORZV PXFK KHDYLHU WXEH ORDGV ZKLFK DW WKH VDPH WLPH DOORZV WKH XVH RI VPDOO DSSDUHQW IRFXV ,Q FOLQLFDO SUDFWLFH WKH XVH RI KLJKHU FXUUHQW YDOXHV HQDEOHV WKH XVH RI VKRUWHU H[SRVXUH WLPHV 7KH ORDGLQJ LV UHODWHG WR WKH GLDPHWHU RI WKH IRFDO WUDFH WKH PDVV RI WKH DQRGH GLVF WKH VSHHG RI URWDWLRQ

*ODVV (QYHORSH I &DWKRGH $VVHPEO\ I $QRGH $VVHPEO\

I

5 64  2CB')@ 987    3  1 0 A & 0 ( &   3  2()'%#!    3  1 0 & $"   

7KH 7XEH ,QVHUW

*ODVV (QYHORSH
I

7KH YHVVHO FRQWDLQLQJ WKH WZR HOHFWURGHV LV QRUPDOO\ PDGH RI ERURVLOLFDWH JODVV 0HWDO  FHUDPLFV DUH QRZ EHLQJ XVHG IRU VRPH RI WKH PRGHUQ WXEHV 7KH FDWKRGH DQRGH DVVHPEOLHV DUH VHDWHG ZLWKLQ WKH JODVV HQYHORSH ZKLFK LV KLJKO\ HYDFXDWHG 7KH JODVV HQYHORSH DOVR VXSSRUWV WKH WZR HOHFWURGHV LQ FRUUHFW DOLJQPHQW DW WKH FRUUHFW GLVWDQFH

7KH *ODVV (QYHORSH 

I

7KH YHVVHO KDV DQ H[SDQGHG FHQWUDO WKLUG ZKLFK DFFRPPRGDWHV WKH DQRGH GLVF RIIVHW WKH FDWKRGH DVVHPEO\ D QDUURZ DQRGH HQG DURXQG WKH URWRU DVVHPEO\ UHIHU WR GLDJUDP 1% $OO VHDOV JODVV PHWDO SROHV DUH FDUHIXOO\ FKRVHQ WR PDWFK WKH H[SDQVLRQ FRHIILFLHQWV RI GLIIHUHQW SDUWV $ FKRLFH RI LQFRPSDWLEOH PDWHULDOV ZRXOG UHVXOW LQ FUDFNLQJ RI WKH HQYHORSH 'XULQJ PDQXIDFWXUH DOO FRPSRQHQWV DUH IUHHG IURP WKH UHPQDQW JDV DWRPV VHH SLFWXUH 7KH VSDFH ZLWKLQ WKH LQVHUW LV FRPSOHWHO\ HYDFXDWHG WR PLQLPLVH WKH ULVN RI LRQLVDWLRQ RFFXUULQJ GXULQJ H[SRVXUH

7KH &DWKRGH $VVHPEO\

I

&RQVLVWV RI

D ZLUH ILODPHQW D FLUFXLW WR SURYLGH ILODPHQW FXUUHQW D QHJDWLYHO\ FKDUJHG IRFXVLQJ FXS

)RFXVLQJ FXS GLUHFWV WKH HOHFWURQV WRZDUG WKH DQRGH )LODPHQW LV PDGH RI WXQJVWHQ 6DPH UHDVRQV DV DQRGH HDV\ WR UHPRYH HOHFWURQV

7KH &DWKRGH $VVHPEO\

I

7ZR )XQFWLRQV
I I

I I

&DWKRGH DVVHPEO\ FRQVLVWV RI D KHDG LQWR ZKLFK WKH ILODPHQWV DUH PRXQWHG 7KH KHDG RI WKH FDWKRGH LV PDFKLQHG IURP SXUH QLFNHO 7KH IDFH RI WKH KHDG SURYLGHV URXQGHG JURRYHV LQWR ZKLFK WKH ILODPHQWV DUH PRXQWHG 7KH VKDSH RI WKH JURRYHV WKH SRVLWLRQ RI WKH ILODPHQW ZLWKLQ WKH JURRYH LV LPSRUWDQW IRU SURYLGLQJ WKH HOHFWURVWDWLF IRFXVVLQJ GHWHUPLQLQJ WKH VKDSH RI WKH HOHFWURQ EHDP ,Q D GXDO IRFXV WXEH WKHUH DUH WZR ILODPHQWV HLWKHU VLGH RU RQH RQ WRS RI WKH RWKHU

7KH FRQWUROOHG VRXUFH RI HOHFWURQV IRU [UD\ JHQHUDWLRQ $FWV DV WKH QHJDWLYH HOHFWURGH



7KH &DWKRGH $VVHPEO\

I I I

7KH ILODPHQW LV D FORVHO\ ZRXQG KHOL[ RI WXQJVWHQ ZLUH DERXW PP WKLFN 7KH GLPHQVLRQV DORQJ ZLWK RWKHU IDFWRUV GHWHUPLQH WKH VL]H RI WKH IRFDO VSRW 2QH HQG RI WKH ILODPHQW LV FRQQHFWHG HOHFWULFDOO\ WR WKH EORFN WKH RWKHU SDVVHV WKURXJK WKH EORFN YLD D VPDOO LQVXODWRU RI FHUDPLF PDWHULDO 7KH HOHFWURQ EHDP RI WKH URWDWLQJ DQRGH [UD\ WXEH LV GLUHFWHG WR WKH RXWHU PDUJLQ RI WKH DQRGH GLVF ,Q VXFK WXEHV WKH ILODPHQW DVVHPEO\ LV RII FHQWUH WR WKH FHQWUDO D[LV RI WKH WXEH

7HVWLQJ RI WKH ILODPHQW GXULQJ PDQXIDFWXULQJ RI [UD\ WXEH

*ORZLQJ ILODPHQW



7KH $QRGH $VVHPEO\

I I

7KH 7DUJHW 'LVF

I

7KH 6WHP I 5RWRU %HDULQJV

I

)RFDO 6SRW

6XSSRUW

6WDWRU :LQGLQJV

$QRGH $VVHPEO\ 7DUJHW 'LVF

I I

&RQYHQWLRQDO URWDWLQJ DQRGH [UD\ WXEHV DUH FRQVWUXFWHG IURP WXQJVWHQ RU D WXQJVWHQ UKHQLXP   DOOR\ 7XQJVWHQ XVHG DV D WDUJHW PDWHULDO EHFDXVH
KLJK DWRPLF QR +LJK GHQVLW\ 5HDVRQDEOH WKHUPDO FDSDFLW\ KLJK PHOWLQJ SRLQW  & /RZ YDSRXU SUHVVXUH DW KLJK WHPSHUDWXUH &RQGXFWV KHDW WKURXJK D WKLFN &RSSHU DQRGH WR WKH RXWVLGH RI WKH WXEH ZKHUH LWV FRROHG E\ RLO +2 RU DLU ,WV FKDUDFWHULVWLF UDGLDWLRQ PDNHV D XVHIXO FRQWULEXWLRQ WR WKH [ UD\ EHDP

7KH DGGLWLRQ RI UKHQLXP WR WXQJVWHQ LPSURYHV WKH WKHUPDO FDSDFLW\ RI WKH DQRGH GLVF UHGXFHV WKH FUDFNLQJ SLWWLQJ RI WKH WDUJHW WUDFN



$QRGH $VVHPEO\ 7DUJHW 'LVF

I

&RPSRXQG DQRGH GLVFV ZLWK D EDFNLQJ RI PDWHULDOV VXFK DV PRO\EGHQXP RU JUDSKLWH LQFUHDVLQJO\ EHLQJ XVHG IRU WKH PDQXIDFWXUH RI PRUH VSHFLDOLVHG WXEHV LH FDUGLRORJ\  &7 $QRGH GLVFV RI PRVW PRGHUQ WXEHV DUH %LFRQYH[ ZLWK GLDPHWHUV UDQJLQJ IURP  PP GHSHQGLQJ RQ WKH ORDGLQJ UHTXLUHPHQWV RI WKH WXEH 7KH EHYHOOHG HGJH ZKLFK SURYLGHV WKH WDUJHW DQJOH DOVR YDULHV IURP  GHJUHHV WR  GHJUHHV IRU VWHHS DQJOH WXEHV PDPPRJUDSK\

$QRGH $QJOHV
I

7KHUDS\ WXEHV KDYH UHODWLYHO\ ODUJHU IRFDO VSRWV ZKLFK DUH DFFHSWDEOH VLQFH WKH UDGLRJUDSKLF LPDJH TXDOLW\ LV QRW WKH RYHUULGLQJ FRQFHUQ 'LDJQRVWLF 7XEHV  DQJOH

5DGLRWKHUDS\ [UD\ WXEH



&ORVH H[DPLQDWLRQ RI WKH [UD\V HPLWWHG IURP WKH WDUJHW VKRZV WKDW EHFDXVH WKH\ DUH SURGXFHG EHORZ WKH VXUIDFH WKH\ KDYH WR SDVV WKURXJK VRPH WXQJVWHQ EHIRUH WKH\ FDQ HVFDSH IURP WKH WXEH

$QRGH +HDO (IIHFW

;UD\ $ RQO\ KDV WR SDVV WKURXJK RQO\ D VPDOO DPRXQW RI WXQJVWHQ ;UD\ % KDV WR SDVV WKURXJK D PXFK JUHDWHU WKLFNQHVV RI DQRGH PDWHULDO EHIRUH HVFDSLQJ IURP WKH [UD\ WXEH

$V WKH DQJOH RI WKH DQRGH ,V LQFUHDVHG WKH DQRGH KHDO (IIHFW LQFUHDVHV

%DOO 3ULFH  (VVHQWLDO 3K\VLFV IRU 5DGLRJUDSKHUV

(IIHFW RI DQRGH DQJOH RQ 6L]H RI )RFDO 6SRW

I

)RU D JLYHQ IRFDO VSRW VL]H HJ PP WKH UHDO DUHD FRYHUHG E\ WKH HOHFWURQ EHDP LV ODUJHU IRU VPDOO WDUJHW DQJOHV ,Q FOLQLFDO SUDFWLFH WKLV PHDQV WKDW WKH WXEH ORDGLQJ FDQ EH LQFUHDVHG KLJKHU P$ YDOXHV

,Q WKH DERYH H[DPSOH D D DUH GLIIHUHQW KHLJKWV KRZHYHU WKH HIIHFWLYH IRFDO VSRW VL]H LV WKH VDPH
( "



(IIHFW RI DQRGH DQJOH RQ VL]H RI [UD\ EHDP

I

7KH H[WHQW RI WKH [UD\ EHDP LV OLPLWHG E\ WKH DQJOH RI IDFH RI WKH WDUJHW 7KLV PHDQV WKDW LW LV QRW SRVVLEOH WR FRYHU ODUJH [UD\ ILOPV DW VKRUW )RFXV )LOP 'LVWDQFHV ))' ,W LV IRU WKLV UHDVRQ WKDW UDGLRWKHUDS\ [UD\ WXEHV XVH WDUJHW DQJOHV RI   GHJUHHV LQ RUGHU WR FRYHU ODUJH DUHDV RI WKH SDWLHQW DW VKRUW GLVWDQFHV $ %

6PDOO $QRGH $QJOH OLPLWHG ILHOG FRYHUDJH /DUJH $QRGH $QJOH JUHDWHU ILHOG FRYHUDJH

$QRGH $VVHPEO\ 7DUJHW 'LVF )RFDO 6SRW

7KH WDUJHW DUHD IURP ZKLFK WKH [UD\V DUH HPLWWHG LV FDOOHG WKH IRFDO VSRW ,W VKRXOG EH DV VPDOO DV SRVVLEOH IRU SURGXFLQJ VKDUS LPDJHV 9HU\ LPSRUWDQW LQ GLDJQRVWLF UDGLRJUDSK\ ,Q FOLQLFDO SUDFWLFH WKH FKRLFH RI WKH IRFDO VSRW VL]H LV D FRPSURPLVH EHWZHHQ WXEH ORDGLQJ WKH GHJUHH RI JHRPHWULF XQVKDUSQHVV WKDW LV DFFHSWDEOH ,Q UDGLRWKHUDS\ WKLV UHODWLRQVKLS LV QRW VR LPSRUWDQW DV LPDJH VKDUSQHVV  UHVROXWLRQ LV QRW D SULRULW\



$QRGH $VVHPEO\ 7KH 6WHP

I I I

&RQVWUXFWHG IURP PRO\EGHQXP &RQQHFWV WKH DQRGH GLVF WR WKH URWRU &RQVWUXFWLRQ LV D WKLQ ORQJ DV SRVVLEOH LQ RUGHU WR UHVWULFW WKH FRQGXFWLRQ RI KHDW WR WKH EHDULQJ DVVHPEO\ 7KH WKLFNQHVV OHQJWK DUH GHWHUPLQHG E\ WKH UHTXLUHPHQWV RI PHFKDQLFDO ULJLGLW\

$QRGH $VVHPEO\ 7KH 5RWRU

I I I I I I

%HDULQJV

&RQVWUXFWHG IURP FRSSHU 7KH IRRW RI WKH PRO\EGHQXP VWHP LV ILUPO\ HPEHGGHG LQ WKH URWRU 7KH KLJK WKHUPDO FDSDFLW\ FRQGXFWLYLW\ RI WKH URWRU SUHYHQW WKH EHDULQJV ZLWKLQ IURP RYHUKHDWLQJ 7KH RXWHU VXUIDFH RI WKH URWRU LV EODFNHQHG WR LPSURYH WKH ORVV RI KHDW WKURXJK UDGLDWLRQ ,W LV LQ WKH URWRU  YLD WKH VWDWRU ZLQGLQJV WKDW WKH FXUUHQWV DUH LQGXFHG WR EULQJ DERXW URWDWLRQ RI WKH DQRGH 7KH EHDULQJ DVVHPEO\ FRQVLVWV RI D SUHFLVHO\ PDFKLQHG VSLQGOH FURVVLQJ WKH EDOO EHDULQJV IL[HG LQVLGH WKH FRSSHU VKHOO RI WKH URWRU ERG\ WR ZKLFK LW LV ILUPO\ DFFXUDWHO\ VHFXUHG &RQYHQWLRQDO GLDJQRVWLF [UD\ WXEHV URWDWH DW DERXW  USP EXW KLJKHU VSHHGV RI URWDWLRQ HJ  USP FDQ EH DFKLHYHG E\ LQFUHDVLQJ WKH IUHTXHQF\ RI WKH VXSSO\ RU E\ XVLQJ DGGLWLRQDO FRLOV ZKLFK DUH DOO RXW RI SKDVH



$QRGH $VVHPEO\ 7KH 6XSSRUW :LQGLQJV

I I

6WDWRU

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

6WDWRU :LQGLQJV &URVV 6HFWLRQ

$

&LUFXLWU\
&
'

&

'

$&

%
%DOO %HDULQJ

5RWRU

6WDWRU :LQGLQJ

7KH VWDWRU ZLQGLQJV DUH VLWXDWHG RXWVLGH WKH YDFXXP RI WKH JODVV HQYHORSH



I I I I I I

7KH FRLOV DUH VXSSOLHG IURP DQ DOWHUQDWLQJ FXUUHQW $&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

6WDWRU :LQGLQJV  (OHFWULFDO 6XSSO\

7KH 7XEH +RXVLQJ  )XQFWLRQV

I

7R VXUURXQG WKH WXEH LQVHUW ZLWK D FRQGXFWLYH VKHDWK ZKLFK ZLOO SURYLGH DQ HIILFLHQW FRQQHFWLRQ LH ORZ UHVLVWDQFH SDWK WR HDUWK I 7R HQFORVH WKH LQVHUW LQ DQ HIILFLHQW UDGLDWLRQ EDUULHU DSDUW IURP WKH VLWH RI WKH WXEH SRUW I 7R SURYLGH KLJKO\ LQVXODWHG KLJK WHQVLRQ FDEOH UHFHSWDFOH VRFNHWV



7KH 7XEH +RXVLQJ &RQVWUXFWLRQ

I

I I

7KH RXWHU VKHOO ZKLFK HQFORVHV WKH WXEH LQVHUW LV PDGH IURP OLJKW DOXPLQLXP DOOR\ KDYLQJ VXIILFLHQW WKLFNQHVV WR JLYH LW VWUHQJWK ULJLGLW\ ,W LV OLQHG ZLWK OHDG WR UHGXFH WKH OHYHO RI OHDNDJH UDGLDWLRQ EHORZ WKH SHUPLWWHG OHYHO RYHU LWV WRWDO VXUIDFH 7KH OHDG OLQLQJ LV FDUHIXOO\ DUUDQJHG ZLWK RYHUODSV DW DOO MRLQWV 7KH HQGV RI WKH VKLHOGV DUH UHPRYDEOH WR DOORZ DFFHVV WR WKH WXEH LQVHUW EXW DUH FDUHIXOO\ VHDOHG WR SUHYHQW OHDNDJH RI WKH RLO FRQWDLQHG ZLWKLQ

3RVLWLRQLQJ RI WKH WXEH LQVHUW

I

7KH WXEH LQVHUW LV FRD[LDO ZLWK WKH PDLQ F\OLQGHU RI WKH KRXVLQJ WKH IRFXV O\LQJ SUHFLVHO\ RQ WKH D[LV RI WKH WXEH SRUW 7KH HQG FDVWLQJ RI WKH KRXVLQJ VXSSRUWV WKH LQVXODWRU ZKLFK IL[HV WKH DQRGH HQG RI WKH LQVHUW VHFXUHO\ LQ SRVLWLRQ DOVR KROGV WKH ZLQGLQJV RI WKH VWDWRU PRWRUV LQ WKHLU FRUUHFW SRVLWLRQ 7KH RWKHU HQG RI WKH WXEH LQVHUW LV KHOG LQ D KLJKO\ LQVXODWLQJ SODVWLF VXSSRUW ZKLFK LV VHFXUHO\ IL[HG ZLWKLQ WKH VKLHOG



3ODVWLF  5XEEHU %HOORZV

I

7KH FDWKRGH HQG RI WKH KRXVLQJ LV FORVHG E\ D SODVWLF GLDSKUDJP ILWWHG LQVLGH WKH HQG FDS 7KH GLDSKUDJP LV IOH[LEOH DOORZV IRUP WKH FKDQJH LQ RLO YROXPH GXH WR FKDQJHV LQ WHPSHUDWXUH 7KHUH LV D PLFURVZLWFK VLWXDWHG EHWZHHQ WKH GLDSKUDJP WKH HQG SODWH 7KH PLFURVZLWFK LV GHVLJQHG WR RSHUDWH E\ WKH FRPSUHVVLRQ RI WKH GLDSKUDJP LQ WKH HYHQW RI RYHUKHDWLQJ RI WKH [UD\ WXEH 7KH PLFURVZLWFK RSHUDWHV DQ LQWHUORFN FLUFXLW ZKLFK FXWV RII WKH HOHFWULF VXSSO\ WR WKH [UD\ WXEH

7XEH 3RUW  :LQGRZ

I I I I I

;UD\V UDGLDWH IURP WKH WDUJHW RI WKH [UD\ WXEH LQ DOO GLUHFWLRQV 7KH XVHIXO EHDP SDVVHV IURP WKH WXEH KRXVLQJ YLD WKH WXEH SRUW 7KH WXEH SRUW LV DQ DUHD RI ORZ DWWHQXDWLRQ SURYLGHG E\ D FXSVKDSHG SODVWLF RU DOXPLQLXP VHDO 7KH ZDOOV RI WKLV VHDO DUH OLQHG ZLWK OHDG DV LV WKH EDVH +RZHYHU WKH OHDG OLQLQJ RI WKH EDVH KDV DQ DSHUWXUH ZKLFK LV FDUHIXOO\ FXW WR UHVWULFW WKH GLPHQVLRQV RI WKH HPHUJLQJ EHDP 7KH IDFH SODWH RI WKH FXSVKDSHG VHDO LV VHFXUHG WR WKH KRXVLQJ IRU DOLJQPHQW ZLWK WKH FROOLPDWRU



0RXQWLQJ SURYLVLRQ
I

7KH VKLHOG LV VWUHQJWKHQHG DURXQG LWV FHQWUH WR DOORZ IRU FODPS ILWWLQJV WR EH VHFXUHG WR LW 7KH ZKROH XQLW KDV WR EH ILWWHG YHU\ ILUPO\ VDIHO\ WR PRXQWLQJ SODWH RI WKH WXEH VXSSRUW 7KLV ILWWLQJ JHQHUDOO\ LQFRUSRUDWHV IXQFWLRQ ORFNV VFDOHV ZKLFK DOORZV WKH WXEHU WR EH DQJOHG SUHFLVHO\ DORQJ ERWK D[LV

+LJK 7HQVLRQ +7 &DEOH 5HFHSWDFOHV

I

I I I

7ZR OHDG OLQHG DOOR\ KRUQV DWWDFKHG WR WKH EDVLF F\OLQGULFDO VKDSH DUH GHVLJQHG WR UHFHLYH +7 FDEOH SOXJ VRFNHW $ KLJKO\ LQVXODWLQJ UHFHSWDFOH VRFNHW LV ILWWHG LQWR HDFK KRUQ 'LPHQVLRQV RI ERWK VRFNHWV DUH LGHQWLFDO (DFK VRFNHW KDV WKUHH VPDOOHU VRFNHWV DW WKH EDVH WR UHFHLYH WKH SLQ WHUPLQDWLRQ RI HDFK FRQGXFWRU ,QVLGH WKH KRXVLQJ RI WKH [UD\ XQLW WKH FDWKRGH VRFNHW KDV WKUHH FRQQHFWLRQV WKH DQRGH KDV WZR



&RROLQJ 2I ;UD\ 7XEHV

+,*+ 7(16,21 6833/<

&855(17  P$

92/7$*( XS WR .H9

 3+$6( 6833/< )520 0$,16

5RXWH $

5 5 `  5 5 1   '  T 3X  d T 3 5 I 96  RR i3   f   Ye'I S5cb&  3 3 8    d 5 a 1   '  `  5 5 8 I 3 'YSH! hGEF& 1    8 1   5 1    ` 5 5 5  5 '   g  %` I    3 X 3  f   Ye'I Scb&  3 3 8    d5 a ` I' 2   1 33 X 3 U T   1 5  Y S 9WV S'C  RQ PIHGEF& 1 1 8 1  

5RXWH $

5RXWH %

yRYI Q )v A (  8 3 u u 7   SxC ` I 5 Rw Icp t& ` X u v u A  7 5 s   ` 5 5 ` ' 'YrP '  I 3 'YSH! hGEF& 8 1  8 1      7 `  d 5 5  `   T 8 8d 5 P '5  2 qef  I 3 'Y p hGEF& 8 1  1 3  

5RXWH %



;5D\ 7XEH 0DWHULDOV  7XQJVWHQ

I

I I I I

+LJK DWRPLF QXPEHU WKHUHIRUH D JRRG [UD\ SURGXFHU HPLWWHU +LJK PHOWLQJ SRLQW  & 5HDVRQDEO\ JRRG WKHUPDO FDSDFLW\ $QRGH 5HDVRQDEO\ JRRG WKHUPDO FRQGXFWLYLW\ $QRGH (DVLO\ ZRUNDEOH ZKHQ KHDWHG )LODPHQW
I I

HOHFWURQ

I I

*RRG HOHFWULFDO FRQGXFWRU $QRGH ILODPHQW /RZ YDSRXU SUHVVXUH DW KLJK WHPSHUDWXUHV SUHVHUYHV WXEH YDFXXP $QRGH ILODPHQW +LJKO\ VWDEOH HOHFWURQ HPLVVLRQ DW KLJK WHPSHUDWXUHV $QRGH ILODPHQW $WRPLF ZHLJKW   " 'LVDGYDQWDJH

*RRG IRU GUDZLQJ RXW ILODPHQWV 1RW JRRG IRU FROG PDFKLQLQJ RI DQRGH GLVFV

1%   5KHQLXP =  LV DGGHG WR WXQJVWHQ IRU WKH IRFDO WUDFN WKLV UHGXFHV FUD]LQJ EHFDXVH UKHQLXP LV PXFK PRUH HODVWLF WKDQ WXQJVWHQ ZKLFK WHQGV WR EH EULWWOH

;UD\ 7XEH 0DWHULDOV  0RO\EGHQXP

I I I I I

$WRPLF 1XPEHU  0RGHUDWH WKHUPDO FRQGXFWLYLW\ 5HDVRQDEOH KLJK PHOWLQJ SRLQW  & 0RGHUDWH WKHUPDO &DSDFLW\ +DOI WKH DWRPLF ZHLJKW RI WXQJVWHQ 



;UD\ 7XEH 0DWHULDOV  &RSSHU

I I I I I

$WRPLF QXPEHU  /RZ PHOWLQJ SRLQW  & GLVDGYDQWDJH +LJK WKHUPDO FDSDFLW\ +LJK WKHUPDO FRQGXFWLYLW\ 9HU\ JRRG HOHFWULFDO FRQGXFWRU UHGXFHV UHVLVWDQFH WR (GG\ FXUUHQWV $WRPLF ZHLJKW 

;UD\ 7XEH 0DWHULDOV  &DUERQ

I I I

([WUHPHO\ ORZ DWRPLF QXPEHU  /LJKWZHLJKW 9HU\ KLJK PHOWLQJ SRLQW  & ,Q JUDSKLWH IRUP KDV D KLJK GHQVLW\ JRRG WKHUPDO SURSHUWLHV



;UD\ 7XEH 0DWHULDOV  1LFNHO

I I I I

$WRPLF QXPEHU  )DLUO\ OLJKW $WRPLF ZHLJKW  9HU\ SXUH 7KHUHIRUH VWDEOH 9HU\ ORZ YDSRULVDWLRQ ZKHQ KHDWHG

;UD\ 7XEH 0DWHULDOV%RURVLOLFDWH JODVV

I

I I

6LOLFRQ SURSHUWLHV PDNHV WKLV PDWHULDO D JRRG LQVXODWRU /RZ DWRPLF ZHLJKW $GGHG ERURQ KDV YHU\ KLJK PHOWLQJ SRLQW  & *RRG PHFKDQLFDO VWUHQJWK



;UD\ 7XEH 0DWHULDOV 6WDLQOHVV 6WHHO

I I

+LJK PHOWLQJ SRLQW UHODWLYH WR FDUERQ ,I WKLV PDWHULDO LV RI KLJK JUDGH WKHQ ORZ R[LGDWLRQ 9HU\ KDUGZHDULQJ *RRG SURSHUW\ IRU EDOO EHDULQJV

)LOWUDWLRQ RI WKH [UD\ EHDP

I

$GGHG ILOWUDWLRQ HQULFKHV WKH EHDP ZLWK KLJKHUHQHUJ\ SKRWRQV E\ DEVRUELQJ WKH ORZHUHQHUJ\ FRPSRQHQWV RI WKH VSHFWUXP $V ILOWUDWLRQ LQFUHDVHV WKH WUDQVPLWWHG EHDP KDUGHQV 7KH EHDP DFKLHYHV KLJKHU DYHUDJH HQHUJ\ DQG JUHDWHU SHQHWUDWLQJ SRZHU )RU QRUPDO GLDJQRVWLF ZRUN WRWDO ILOWUDWLRQ ZLWKLQ D [UD\ WXEH LV PP RI DOXPLQXP RI ZKLFK PP PXVW EH SHUPDQHQW



/LQH )RFXV 3ULQFLSOH

I

7KH IDFH RI WKH DQRGH LV VHW DW DQ DQJOH ZLWK UHVSHFW WR WKH D[LV RI WKH [UD\ EHDP E\ DQ DPRXQW NQRZ DV WKH DQRGH DQJOH :LWKLQ D [UD\ WXEH WKH GHVLJQ RI WKH FDWKRGH DVVHPEO\ LV VXFK WKDW D VR FDOOHG OLQH IRFXV LV SURGXFHG DW WKH DQRGH

/LQH )RFXV 3ULQFLSOH

;< UHSUHVHQW D SDUDOOHO EHDP RI HOHFWURQV PP ZLGH E\ PP KLJK DUULYLQJ DW D WDUJHW ,W KLWV D UHFWDQJOH RQ WKH WDUJHW DQRGH PP [ PP 5HDO IRFXV LV UHSUHVHQWHG E\ WKH DUHD $%&' ,I WKH VRXUFH RI WKH [UD\ EHDP LV YLHZHG IURP WKH YLHZSRLQW RI WKH SDWLHQW WKHQ LW ZLOO DSSHDU WR EH PXFK VPDOOHU WKDQ WKH UHDO IRFXV 7KLV LV GXH WR WKH HIIHFW RI WKH DQJXODWLRQ RI WKH WDUJHW PDWHULDO  GHJUHHV 7KH DUHD SURGXFLQJ WKH [UD\V DSSHDUV WR EH PP [ PP 7KLV LV NQRZQ DV WKH DSSDUHQW RU HIIHFWLYH IRFXV IRFDO VSRW VL]H



/LQH )RFXV 3ULQFLSOH 

I

7KH VL]H RI WKH DSSDUHQW IRFXV FDQ EH GHWHUPLQHG E\

D D U VLQ DSSDUHQW IRFXV OHQJWK RI UHDO IRFXV
DQRGH DQJOH

([DPSOH RI FDOFXODWLRQ RI DSSDUHQW IRFXV

5HDO IRFXV PP I $QRGH $QJOH  GHJUHHV I 6LQ   I $SSDUHQW IRFXV PP
I

VLQ



%LDQJXODU $QRGH 'HVLJQ

/DUJH $FWXDO )RFXV
&DWKRGH (OHFWURQ 6WUHDP IRU VWHS $QJOH WDUJHW &DWKRGH HOHFWURQ VWUHDP )RU VWDQGDUG DQJOH WDUJHW  

6PDOOHU $FWXDO )RFXV

(IIHFWLYH )RFXV

&7 ;UD\ 7XEH

I I I I I

PP $QRGH  $QJOH N9S P$  USP  PLOOLRQ KHDW XQLWV FDSDFLW\ KLJK KHDW GLVVLSDWLRQ N+8PLQ XS WR  VHFRQGV VFDQQLQJ WLPH



0DQXIDFWXUHU H[DPSOH  &7 [UD\ WXEH

5HIHUHQFHV
I I I I I

KWWSZZZEUDQG[UD\FRP %DOO 3ULFH  5DGLRJUDSKLF ,PDJLQJ WK (G %XVKRQJ  5DGLRORJLF 6FLHQFH IRU WHFKQRORJLVWV *UDKDP  3ULQFLSOHV RI UDGLRORJLFDO SK\VLFV 6WRFNOH\  $ 0DQXDO RI 5DGLRJUDSKLF HTXLSPHQW