Additional Mathematics Module Form 4

Chapter 8- Circular Measure SMK Agama Arau, Perlis

Page | 94

CHAPTER 8- CIRCULAR MEASURE

8.1 RADIAN
1. In lower secondary, we have learned the unit for angle is degree. In this chapter, we will learn one
more unit for angle that is radian.
P
r

O 1 radian r

r
Q
2. When the value of the angle 1 radian, then the length of the arc is equal to the length of the radius.
3. From this information, we can deduce that:

r
r rad
2 360
1
=
360
2
1 =
r
r
rad

= 360 2 rad
4. =180 rad

=
180
1 rad
= 3 . 57 or
'
18 57

5. = 360 2 rad
radian
180
1

=

8.1.1 Converting Measurements in degree to radian

Example 1:
Convert 120 to radians

Solution:
radian
180
1

=
Additional Mathematics Module Form 4
Chapter 8- Circular Measure SMK Agama Arau, Perlis
Page | 95

radian
180
120 120

=
radian
3
2
= or 2.0947 radian

Example 2:
Convert
'
36 112 to radians

Solution:
' '
36 112 36 112 + =
+ = )
60
36
( 112

=
+ =
6 . 112
6 . 0 112

radian
180
1

=
radian
180
6 . 112 6 . 112

=
= 1.965 rad

8.1.2 Converting Measurements in radian to degree

Example 1:
Convert rad
6

to degree

Solution:

=
180
1 rad

=
180
6 6
rad
= 30

Example 2:
Convert rad 36 . 1 to degree

Solution:

=
180
1 rad
' 60 1 =
Tips
Additional Mathematics Module Form 4
Chapter 8- Circular Measure SMK Agama Arau, Perlis
Page | 96

=
180
36 . 1 36 . 1 rad
=

244

= 92 . 77

EXERCISE 8.1
1. Convert each of the following values to degrees and the nearest minute. ( ) 142 . 3 =
(a) 0.37 rad
(b) 2.04 rad
(c) 1.19 rad

2. Convert each of the following values to radians, giving your answer correct to 4 significant figures.
( ) 142 . 3 =
(a)
'
9 248
(b)
'
22 304
(c)
'
14 46

8.2 LENGTH OF ARC OF A CIRCLE

P S



Q

turn whole a of angle circle a of nce Circumfere
S
=
If the unit of angle is degrees,
The angle of a whole turn is 360 .




We know that = 360 2 rad

If the unit of the angle is in radians,
The angle of a whole turn is 2 radian.


O
r S
r
S

2
2
360 2
=

=
is in degrees.
Additional Mathematics Module Form 4
Chapter 8- Circular Measure SMK Agama Arau, Perlis
Page | 97

Hence,

2
=
circle a of nce Circumfere
S

2
2
2 2
r
S
r
S
=
=



Example 1:

P 7.68cm



Q


The diagram above shows a circle with a sector POQ and radius 6 cm. Given the length of minor arc PQ is
7.68 cm. Find the value of , in radians.

Solution:
The formula of length of arc if angle in radians is
r S =

Given r = 6 cm and S= 7.68 cm,
6 68 . 7 =
= 1.28 rad

Example 2:
Given a circle with centre O and radius 5 cm. Find the length of arc PQR if the angle POR is 1.2 rad.

Solution:
The formula of length of arc if angle in radians is
r S =

Given r = 5 cm and = 1.2 rad,
) 2 . 1 )( 5 ( = S
= S 6 cm




r S = is in radians.

O
Additional Mathematics Module Form 4
Chapter 8- Circular Measure SMK Agama Arau, Perlis
Page | 98

EXERCISE 8.2
1. In the diagram 3, the perimeter of sector OPQ is 32 cm.

P



O Q
Diagram 3
(a) Express r in terms of .
(b) Find the value of r if 2 . 1 = rad.
2. The angle subtended at the centre by an arc ABC with a radius 4.2 cm is 1.4 radians. Find the length of
arc AB.
3. The length of a minor arc of a circle is 2 cm. The angle subtended at the centre of by the major arc is
240 . Find the radius of the circle.
4. Diagram 4 shows two arcs AB and CD with a common centre O. It is given that BD= AC= 3cm
.





Diagram 4
If the perimeter of the shaded region ABCD is 12 cm, find the length of radius OB.


8.3 AREA OF SECTOR OF A CIRCLE

A



B

turn whole a of angle circle of Area
A
=

O
rad
3
1
O
B
D
C
A
Additional Mathematics Module Form 4
Chapter 8- Circular Measure SMK Agama Arau, Perlis
Page | 99

If the unit of angle is degrees,
The angle of a whole turn is 360 .





We know that = 360 2 rad
If the unit of the angle is in radians,
The angle of a whole turn is 2 radian.

Hence,







Besides that,

2
2
1
r A =
. .
2
1
r r =


Both formula can be used depends on the information given in the question.

Area Of Triangle
B


c a
h

A b C

Area = h AC
2
1

2
2
2
360
r A
r
A

=
is in degrees.

2
2
2
2
1
2
2
r A
r
A
r
A
=
=
=
is in radians.
r S =
rS A
2
1
=
1
The formula for area of triangle that is
height base
2
1
can only be used in
situation where there is right angle triangle.
In the situations that the triangle is not a
right-angled triangle, we cannot use the
formula.
Additional Mathematics Module Form 4
Chapter 8- Circular Measure SMK Agama Arau, Perlis
Page | 100

AB
h
SinA =
= h AB Sin A

Substitute into ,









Area of segments
The formula is





Example 1:

P 7.68cm

Q



The diagram above shows a circle with a sector POQ and radius 6 cm. Given the length of minor arc PQ is
7.68 cm. Find the value of , in radians. Hence, find the area of the shaded region.

Solution:
The formula of length of arc if angle in radians is
r S =

Given r = 6 cm and S= 7.68 cm,
6 68 . 7 =
= 1.28 rad



O

2
2 1
A AB AC Area sin
2
1
=
B BC AB Area sin
2
1
=
C BC AC Area sin
2
1
=
This formula can be used to find the area of
all types of triangle as long as there is
enough information given. The sine of an
angle is multiplied by the length of line that
joining to form the angle. For example, sine
A is multiply by AB and AC that are the lines
that joining to form the angle A.
Use the formula for the area of triangle.
sin
2
1
2
1
2 2
r r A =
) sin (
2
1
2
= r A
or
From the formula area of triangle C BC AC sin
2
1
,
we can deduce that the area of triangle in circle is
sin
2
1
2
r because the two lines are having the same
length.
Additional Mathematics Module Form 4
Chapter 8- Circular Measure SMK Agama Arau, Perlis
Page | 101

Area of shaded region ) 28 . 1 )(sin 6 (
2
1
) 28 . 1 )( 6 (
2
1
2 2
=

2
8 . 5
24 . 17 04 . 23
cm =
=




Example 2:
The diagram shows a sector POQ with centre O and radius 16 cm. Point R lies on OP such that OR: OP =
5: 8. Given that = 90 ORQ
P
R


O Q

Calculate
(a) the value of x, in radians.
(b) the area of shaded region, in
2
cm

Solution:
Given
8
5
=
OR
OP
and cm OR 16 = .
Substitute cm OR 16 = into
8
5
=
OR
OP
.
16
8
5
8
5
16
=
=
OP
OP

cm 10 =

a) Given that = 90 ORQ

16
10
cos = x
)
16
10
( cos
1
= x
rad 8957 . 0 =


x
cm 16
When to solve question involving
radians using calculator, make sure
the calculator is set in radians
mode.
Tips
Use the formula for the area
of triangle.
Additional Mathematics Module Form 4
Chapter 8- Circular Measure SMK Agama Arau, Perlis
Page | 102

b) Area of shaded region ) 8957 . 0 )(sin 6 )( 10 (
2
1
) 8957 . 0 )( 16 (
2
1
2
=

2
1979 . 52
4517 . 62 6496 . 114
cm =
=




EXERCISE 8.3
1. In the diagram 4, the area of sector OPQ is
2
6 . 21 cm .

P



O Q
Diagram 4
(a) Express r in terms of .
(b) Find the value of r if 2 . 1 = rad.
2. The angle subtended at the centre by an arc ABC with a radius 3.6 cm is 1.15 radians. Find the area of
arc AB.
3. The area of a sector of a circle is 12 cm
2
. The angle subtended at the centre of by the sector is 270 .
Find the radius of the circle.
8.4 SOLVING PROBLEMS INVOLVING RADIANS

Example:







The diagram above shows a semicircle ABCDE with centre P and rhombus PBQD.
Calculate:
(a) the radius of semicircle ABCDE
(b) the angle of in radian
(c) the area of sector PBCD
(d) the area of shaded region

Use the formula for the area

of triangle.
A
B
C
) 6 , 8 ( Q
) 4 , 8 ( P
) 4 , 12 ( E
D

Additional Mathematics Module Form 4

Chapter 8- Circular Measure SMK Agama Arau, Perlis
Page | 103

Solution:
(a)
2 2 2
) 4 4 ( ) 8 12 ( + = PE
16 = PE
4 = PE
0 > radius
Radius = 4 unit
(b)
4
1
cos = PBX
|

\
|
=

4
1
cos
1
PBX
rad 1181 . 1 =
2 3181 . 1 =
rad 6362 . 2 =

(c) Area of sector PBCD ) 6362 . 2 )( 4 (
2
1
2
=

2
0896 . 21 unit =



(d) Area of shaded region

= ) 6362 . 2 )(sin 4 )( 4 (
2
1
2 0896 . 21

2
3442 . 13
7464 . 7 0986 . 21
cm =
=


CHAPTER REVIEW EXERCISE
1. Diagram below shows a sector OPQ with centre O. and radius 4 cm.







Given that the perimeter of the sector is 20 cm, find the angle of the sector in radians.


Q
P
O
PE is the radius of the semicircle
Length cannot be a negative number
X is the mid-point between line BD and
AQ. Line XP divides the angle into two.
Find one of the angles by using
trigonometry. Then multiply by two to
find the angle .
Divide the rhombus into two triangles. Find
the area of one triangle. Then multiply by
two to find the area of the rhombus.
Additional Mathematics Module Form 4
Chapter 8- Circular Measure SMK Agama Arau, Perlis
Page | 104

2. The perimeter and area of a sector of a circle are 19 cm and 22.5 cm
2
respectively. Calculate the
possible values of the radius of the sector and the angle of the sector.

3. A sector has an area of L cm
2
and a radius of 4.5 cm. Given that angle subtended at the centre of the
circle is 135 , find the value of L. ( ) 142 . 3 =
4. The angle subtended at the centre of a circle by a minor arc is 40 . Find the ratio of length of the
minor arc PQ to the length of the major arc PQ. ( ) 142 . 3 =

5. In diagram below, O is the centre of the arcs PQ and RS. The perimeter of the figure is 30 cm.








(a ) Express in terms of
(b) Find the values and in radians, if the area of sector OPQ is 10 cm
2

6. The diagram below shows a sector OPQ constructed by bending a wire of length 40 cm.
Calculate
(a) the value of r
(b) the area of sector OPQ


Q
P O
R
S
cm 5

cm 8
42
r
O
Q
P