14 Differential equations

Ext14

Extension 1 Find the general solution of each of these differential equations.

Exercise 14 dy dx dx dy
a y ˆ cos2 y b et ˆ sin t c ln x ˆ1 d ye x ˆ cos x
dr dt dy dx
2 Find the particular solutions of the differential equation
dy
cosec x ˆ ex cosec x ‡ 3x
dx
given by these conditions
p
a y ˆ 0 when x ˆ 0. b y ˆ 3 when x ˆ .
2
dy
3 a If y ˆ ux, where u is a function of x, find an expression for .
dx
b By substituting y ˆ ux, where u is a function of x, solve the differential
equation
dy
xy y2 ˆ x2
dx
4 Using the substitution y ˆ ux, solve the differential equation
dy xy
ˆ 2
dx x ‡ y 2
where y ˆ 2 when x ˆ 0, expressing y in terms of x.
5 In a certain chemical reaction, the amount of a substance, x, present at time t,
is modelled by the differential equation
dx
ˆ k(a x)(b x)
dt
where a, b and k are positive constants and a > b.
If x ˆ 0 when t ˆ 0, express x in terms of t.
6 A particle of mass 1 kg falls vertically downwards against a resistance of v 2 , where v
is the velocity at time t. The acceleration of the particle is given by the differential
equation
dv
ˆ g v2
dt
where g is the acceleration due to gravity.
a If v ˆ 0, when t ˆ 0, show that
 p 
p e2 gt 1
v ˆ g 2pgt
e ‡1
b Find the limiting value of v, as t ! 1.

A2 Core for Edexcel # Pearson Education Ltd. 2005 1

 14 Differential equations

7 a Find the general solution of the differential equation

dx
ˆ kx
dt
where k is a positive constant, expressing x in terms of k and t in your answer.
b Solve the differential equation
dx
ˆ kx(a x) (0 < x < a)
dt
where k and a are positive constants, given that x ˆ 12 a when t ˆ 0.
Express x in terms of k, a and t in your answer.
Cambridge
8 The area of a circle of radius r metres is A m2 .
dA dr
a Find and write down an expression, in terms of r, for .
dr dA
b The area increases with time t seconds in such a way that
dA 2
ˆ
dt (t ‡ 1)3
dr
Find an expression, in terms of r and t for .
dt
c Solve the differential equation
dA 2
ˆ
dt (t ‡ 1)3
to obtain A in terms of t, given that A ˆ 0 when t ˆ 0.
dr
d Show that, when t ˆ 1, ˆ 0:081, correct to 2 significant figures.
dt Cambridge

2 A2 Core for Edexcel # Pearson Education Ltd. 2005