Professional Documents
Culture Documents
GUIDE
Dr.D.KALPANA, SCIENTIST, BY
CECRI,
KARAIKUDI.
An overview of previous
presentations
Introduction
Hybrid supercapacitors
Synthesis of LiMn2O4 and the same multidoped with
Ni, Co and Cu
Physical characterization - XRD, SEM, FTIR
Cell Fabrication
Electrochemical characterizations
Comparison of their performances
Study of supercapacitors
Commercially successful
X= Fraction of Aluminium
The Soft Combustion Process
Thermal Analysis
X-Ray Diffraction
FTIR
Thermal Analysis
0.9
Weight fraction
0.8
0.7
0.6
LiCoO2
LiCo0.8Al0.2O2
0.5 LiCo0.6Al0.4O2
LiCo0.4Al0.6O2
0.4
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
0
Temperature ( C)
DTA Curves
2.0
Temperature difference(
1.5
C)
0
1.0
0.5
0.0
-0.5
LiCoO2
-1.0 LiCo0.8Al0.2O2
LiCo0.6Al0.4O2
-1.5 LiCo0.4Al0.6O2
-2.0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200
0
Temperature( C)
TGA Curves
The initial weight drop from 300C-1500C is due to
moisture removal from the sample.
the subsequent weight loss from 1500C to
3000Ccorresponds to elimination of organic
compounds from samples.
Next weight drop in the temperature range of
3000C-5000C is formed as a result of the reaction of
unreacted precursors to give the final product.
The stabilization temperature for these samples
mostly lay after 8000C.
So the samples are heated at 8000C for 4 hours.
FTIR Curves
100
80
% Transmittance
60
40 LiCoO2
LiCo0.8Al0.2O2
LiCo0.6Al0.4O2
20 LiCo0.4Al0.6O2
(003)
(104)
(006)
(101)
(012)
(107)
(108)
(105)
LiCo0.4Al0.6O2
(110)
(113)
(201)
LiCo0.6Al0.4O2
LiCo0.8Al0.2O2
LiCoO2
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
2 theta
All samples are single phase and have the α-
NaFeO2 structure (space group R3m).
Miller indices (hkl) are indexed in the
hexagonal setting.
No impurity phase was detected in the XRD
patterns of LiAlyCo1−yO2
On Al doping, the (108) peak shifts towards
lower 2θ and the (110) peak shifts towards
higher 2θ value
XRD Patterns
(108)
(110)
LiCo0.4Al0.6O2
LiCo0.6Al0.4O2
LiCo0.8Al0.2O2
LiCoO2
64 66 68
2 theta
Electrochemical
Characterizations
Cyclic Voltammetry
Electrochemical Impedance
Spectroscopy
Galvanostatic Charge/Discharge
CV of LiCoO2/CNF before
cycles
0.0004
0.0002
0.0000
Current(A)
-0.0002
-0.0004
-0.0006
1mV/s
-0.0008 2mV/s
5mV/s
Voltage(mV)
CV of LiCoO2/CNF after 500
cycles
0.0002
0.0000
Current(A)
-0.0002
1mV/s
-0.0004 2mV/s
5mV/s
Voltage(mV)
CV of LiCo0.8Al0.2O2/CNF before
cycles
0.0004
0.0002
Current(A)
0.0000
-0.0002
-0.0004 1mV/s
2mV/s
5mV/s
-0.0006
Voltage(mV)
CV of LiCo0.8Al0.2O2/CNF after
500 cycles
0.0002
0.0001
Current(A)
0.0000
-0.0001
1mV/s
2mV/s
5mV/s
-0.0002
1500 1000 500 0 -500 -1000 -1500
Voltage(mV)
CV of LiCo0.6Al0.4O2/CNF before
cycles
0.00015
0.00010
Current(A)
0.00005
0.00000
-0.00005
-0.00010 1mV/s
2mV/s
5mV/s
-0.00015
1500 1000 500 0 -500 -1000 -1500
Voltage(mV)
CV of LiCo0.6Al0.4O2/CNF after
500 cycles
0.0006
0.0004
Current(A)
0.0002
0.0000
-0.0002
1mV/s
-0.0004 2mV/s
5mV/s
-0.0006
2000 1000 0 -1000 -2000
Voltage(mV)
CV of LiCo0.4Al0.6O2/CNF before
cycles
0.0004
0.0002
Current(A)
0.0000
-0.0002
1mV/s
2mV/s
-0.0004 5mV/s
0.00005
Current(A)
0.00000
-0.00005
1mV/s
2mV/s
-0.00010
1500 1000 500 0 -500 -1000 -1500
Voltage(mV)
Specific capacitance (F/g)
from CV
Scan rate
Composition
LiCoO2
LiCo0.8Al0.2O2
LiCo0.6Al0.4O2
-60 LiCo0.4Al0.6O2
Z (Ohm)
-40
Im
-20
0
0 20 40 60 80 100
ZRe(Ohm)
Impedance Spectroscopy – After
500 Cycles
-250
LiCoO2
LiCo0.8Al0.2O2
-200 LiCo0.6Al0.4O2
LiCo0.4Al0.6O2
Z (Ohm)
-150
Im
-100
-50
0
0 50 100 150 200 250
ZRe(Ohm)
Results of Impedance
Spectroscopy
Property Rs Cdl
x
Ohm mF
0 3.747 0.6194
0 4.721 0.6567
1.6
1.4
Voltage(V)
1.2
Voltage(V)
0.8
0.7
0.4
0.0 0.0
350 400 450 500 550 600 5600 5610 5620 5630 5640 5650
Time(s) Time(s)
First cycle 500th cycle
Galvanostatic Charge-Discharge
behaviour of LiCo0.8Al0.2O2/CNF
2.0
1.6 1.6
1.2
Voltage(V)
Voltage(V)
0.8
0.8
0.4
0.0
26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 0.0
1337 1338 1339 1340 1341 1342 1343 1344
Time(s)
Time(s)
First cycle 500th cycle
Galvanostatic Charge-Discharge
behaviour of LiCo0.6Al0.4O2/CNF
2.0
2.0
1.6
1.6
1.2
Voltage(v)
Voltage(V)
1.2
0.8
0.8
0.4 0.4
0.0 0.0
600 650 700 750 800 850 900 9120 9140 9160 9180 9200
Time(s) Time(s)
First cycle 500th cycle
Galvanostatic Charge-Discharge
behaviour of LiCo0.4Al0.6O2/CNF
2.0 2.0
1.6 1.6
1.2 1.2
Voltage(V)
Voltage(V)
0.8 0.8
0.4 0.4
0.0 0.0
105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 11732 11736 11740 11744 11748 11752
Time(s) Time(s)
First cycle 500th cycle
Results of Galvanostatic
Charge-Discharge Analysis
Properties
Composition Specific
capacitanc Power density Energy density
e (kW/kg) (kWh/kg)
(F/g)
0 11.17 312.5 12.41
0.2 0.415 303.03 0.44
Before cycles
0.4 11.41 333.3 12.68
0.6 1.53 322.58 1.075