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Aavq GK

f~wgKv

cvmwK K_v
PMvg e`i evsjv`ki RvZxq A_bxwZi cvYK`| evsjv`ki A_bxwZ g~jZ Avg`vwb I ivwb evwYRi Dci
wbfikxj| G e`i e`wkK evwYRi cavb f~wgKv cvjb Ki, Avi Avgv`i A_bxwZi 60 fvM e`wkK
gy`vB AwRZ nq PMvg e`ii gvag cwievwnZ cYi wewbgq| PMvg e`iwU Ggb GK fMvwjK Aevb
AvQ hLvb w`q `wY Gwkqv Z_v mgM Gwkqvi wewfb `ki Avg`vwb-ivwb evwYR AZ mnR Dcvq Kg
LiP Kiv me| GQvov GLvb Rbej cvcZv mnR I myjf| dj Avg`vwb-ivwbKviK`i evwYR LiP AbK
Kg co| Gme KviY PMvg e`iK `wY Gwkqvi AvwjK mgy` e`i wnmve cwZwZ Kivi mvebv AbK
ewk|
wK weMZ eQijvZ GB e`i bvbv Awbqg, `ybxwZ, AvgjvZvwK RwUjZv I RvnvR wbivcvi Afvei KviY
Gi AvRvwZK mybvg zY nqQ; weki AbZg eqej I SzuwKc~Y e`i1 wnme cwiwPwZ jvf KiQ| PMvg
e`i I Kvgmi wKQy `ybxwZM KgKZv-KgPvix, WK kwgK, wmGGd GRU, wkwcs GRU, wwfWvim mKj
kYxi mg^q GKwU Amvay P wRw Ki iLQ e`i eevcbvK| Zv`i ew^v_ PwiZv_ Kivi RbB eni
RvZxq ^v_K ZzQ Ki `ki mybvg Zviv b KiQ| RvZxq A_bxwZi Dci Pvc mw Ki mvaviY RbMYi
fvMvw ew KiQ| mKj `vqfvi enb KiZ nQ `ki Avcvgi RbmvaviYK|
evsjv`k PMvg e`i I Kvgm `i `ybxwZ cvwZvwbKZv jvf KiwQj| mevB ai wbqwQj, GLvb Nyl ev
eKwkk bv w`j Kvb KvR h_vmgq ne bv| GLvb AvBbi kvmb I Revew`wnZv wQj bv ejjB Pj| ivRbwZK
`jjvi QveiY kwgK msMVbjv wbR`i I ivRbwZK `jjvi ^v_ PMvg e`iK wRw Ki iLwQj|
mvgvb AvNvZ jvMjB Zviv eywKs bqv e Ki w`q agNUi gwK w`Z|
2007 mvji Rvbyqvwi gvm `k Riwi Aev Rvwi2 Ges cieZxZ PMvg e`i h_ evwnbxi Kov bRi`vwi I
wewfb MnxZ wmvi KviY gvP gvm _K PMvg e`i `ybxwZ cwiwwZi wKQy DbwZ j Kiv hvq| e`i
eevcbvi YMZ cwieZb wbwZ Kivi Rb eZgvb ZveavqK miKvi ek wKQy KgcwiKbv evevqbi KvR
i KiQb| eZgvb miKvi gZv MnYi ci `ybxwZi AwfhvM e`i I PMvg Kvgmi KwZcq e`wj,
MdZvi, MdZviKZ`i Ges Zv`i x`i bvg evsK GKvDU R, PvKzwi _K mvgwqKfve eiLv Kiv
nqQ| Gi dj AZxZi Awbqg, wekLjvi wKQyUv DbwZmn AvcvZ`wZ cKvk Nyl evwYRi cKvc KgQ
ejv hvq| Ze GLbI e`i I Kvgmi evBi cwZwbwai gvag Nyli jb`b PjQ| mivmwi Nyl jb`bi
cKvc KgjI UKmB Dbqbi Rb Zv chv bq| Gi Rb cqvRb cwZi cwieZb I gwjK msvi|
MelYvi hwKZv
wUAvBwe 2004 mvj PMvg e`ii Dci GKwU WvqvMbwK vwW Ges Zvi wfwZ wewfb mgq GWfvKwm
Kvhg Pvwjq AvmwQj| wUAvBwe 2004 mvj MelYvi gvag Avg`vwb/ivbx cwqvMZ RwUjZv, AwZwi kwgK
Mvs MVb, WK kwgK I wwfWvwis BDwbqb _K kwgK bevi evaevaKZvmn G mwKZ mgmvi ecKZv
cheYi gvag e`ii cY nvwjs ew Ges LiP nvm Kivi Rb AwZ Riwi wfwZ G eevi cwieZb
1

wevwiZ RvbZ `Lyb, BUvibvkbvj gwiUvBg eyiv, evwlK cwZe`b, Rvbyqvwi 2007
AfixY MvjhvM RbMYi Rvbgvji wbivcv I A_bwZK Rxeb wecb Ges wec`i myLxb nIqvq MYcRvZx evsjv`ki
msweavbi 141 K (1), (2), (3), 141 L, 141 M(1), (2), (3)-Gi Dc-AbyQ` ewYZ ivcwZi gZvej gnvgvb ivcwZ AavcK
W. BqvRDwb Avn` 11 Rvbyqvwi, 2007 mv _K `k Riwi Aev Rvwi Kib|
2

Kiv cqvRb ej mycvwik Ki| KZc cwqvMZ I nqivwb wbimb K Iqvb c mvwfm Pvjy Ki wK
MelYv ii c~e gyZ ch ivRbwZK cfvei KviY kwgK msv welqmn Abvb mgmvi mgvavb Zgb
KvhKi Kvb c`c bqwb| djkwZZ PMvg e`i I Kvg nvDmi `ybxwZi wewfb AwfhvM MYgvag
cwZdwjZ nq| eZgvb ZveavqK miKvi `ybxwZi wei k Aevb NvlYv Kivq Ges evsjv`ki A_bxwZZ
PMvg e`ii iZ weePbv Ki cwiwwZi GKwU Zzjbvg~jK wP Dcvcb I cieZxZ mgmvi mgvavb
GWfvKwm Kvhg cwiPvjbvi Dk GB MelYv Kvhg cwiPvwjZ nq|
MelYvi Dk
PMvg mgy` e`ii gvag cY Avg`vwb-ivwb KiZ wewfb Aea jb`bi cKwZ Ges gvv wbicY, `ybxwZi
KviY Abymvb Ges Zv wbimbi Dcvq ei Kivi j GB MelYv cwiPvjbv Kiv nqQ| GB MelYvi mywbw`
Dkjv njv:
2004 I 2006 mvji PMvg e`i `ybxwZi GKwU Zzjbvg~jK wP Dcvcb Kiv;
2007 mvj cwiewZZ cwiwwZZ PMvg e`ii Aev chvjvPbv Kiv;
`ybxwZ I Awbqgi KviY I cfve wek- lY Kiv;
PMvg e`i KZci mv_ Abvb Knvvii mK wek- lY Kiv; Ges
PMvg e`ii DbwZK MnxZ Kvhg wek- lYi gvag mycvwik cYqb Kiv|
MelYvi cwZ I Z_i Drm
GB MelYvwU 2004 mvj wUAvBwe cwiPvwjZ PMvg e`i: GKwU WvqvMbwK vwW3 bvgK MelYvi djvAvc|
KvRB 2004 mvji MelYvq eeZ PjKK wfw ai Nyl ev eKwkki cwigvY hvPvB Kiv nqQ| GB MelYvq
Z_ msMn cZ I civ Dfq cwZB eeZ nqQ|
civ Z_i ga iqQ PMvg e`i I PMvg Kvgm nvDm KZci KvQ _K cKvwkZ I AcKvwkZ Z_,
wewfb eB, ce, cwKv Ges mvgwqKx|
cZ Z_i ga AvQ wmGGd, wkwcs GRU, Avg`vwbKviK/ivwbKviK`i KvQ _K cv Z_, cZ
cheY I e`ii mv_ mswk- wewfb ewi mvvrKvi| GB MelYvq 2007 mvji deqvwi _K Gwcj
ch hv`i mvvrKvi bqv nq:
1. PMvg e`ii mveK Pqvigvb, eZgvb Pqvigvb, m`m, cwiPvjKmn wewfb chvqi KgKZv
I KgPvixe`
2. PMvg P^vi Ae Kgvm G BvwR-Gi mfvcwZ Ges cwiPvjK,
3. evsjv`k wkwcs GRU Gvmvwmqkbi mveK Ges eZgvb mfvcwZ Ges m`m,
4. evsjv`k wm G Gd GRU Gvmvwmqkbi mveK Ges eZgvb bZe`,
5. Avg`vwbKviK I ivwbKviK
6. Kvgm nvDm PMvg Gi Kwgkbvi, hyM Kwgkbvimn wewfb chvqi KgKZv I KgPvwie`
7. Uvdvmi KgKZve`
G MelYvq PMvg e`i _K cY wiwjR, vwds Ges Avbvwds, jvwWs-AvbjvwWs Kvhg cheY, cY
wiwjR KiZ Nyli LvZ, cwqv miRwgb cheY Kivi Rb MelK I MelYvi mnhvMxe` PMvg e`ii
wewfb RvqMvq hgb RwU, Iqvb c mvwfm Ges PMvg I Kvgm nvDm GK gvm Ai `yB avc gvU 12 w`b

2004 mvj PMvg e`ii Dci cwiPvwjZ MelYvq e`ii cavb wZb mev MnYKvix h_v: wmGGd GRU, wwfWvwis GRU Ges
wkwcs GRU Gi KvQ _K Z_ msMn Kivi Rb 3wU ckgvjvi gvag 45wU wmGGd GRU, 16wU wkwcs GRU I 10wU wwfWvwis
Kvvwbi Gi KvQ _K Z_ msMn Kiv nq| e`ii cek c_ MBUcvk msMn KiQb Ggb 4k ewi KvQ _KI ckgvjvi
gvag Z_ msMn Kiv nq| GQvov e`ii ek wKQy mevMnxZv I mev`vZv`i mvvrKvi bqv nq|

AwZevwnZ Kib| e`ii Kvhgi mv_ RwoZ wewfb ewi mvvrKvii gvag e`i I Kvgm nvDmi
mvg_, `yejZv, myhvM I SuywK (SWOT) wek- lY Ges `ybxwZi KviY I cfve wek- lY Kiv nqQ|
MelYvi mgqKvj
G MelYvi g~j KvR Kiv nq 2007 Gi deqvwi _K Gwcj Gi ga|
MelYvi mxgveZv
AbK wmGGd GRU, wkwcs GRU, Avg`vwbKviK I ivwbKviK `k Riwi Aev I wbivcvnxbZvi
ARynvZ Z_ w`Z A^xKwZ Rvbvb| Ze AbKB bvg cKvk bv Kivi kZ mvvrKvii gvag Z_ c`vb
Kib|
Gi

Aavq `yB
e`i I Kvg cwiwPwZ

e`i cwiwPwZ
PMvg e`i evsjv`k miKvii wkwcs gYvjqi Aaxb GKwU msv| GB e`i KZci cavb Kvhvewj njv:
e`ii wbqY,
iYveY,
Dbqb I DrKl mvab,
e`ii Afi I e`ii cek c_ chv I KvhKi mev Ges myhvM-myweav c`vb Ges
e`ii Afi RvnvRi PjvPj, evw_s Ges b-c_ wbqY|
e`ii eZgvb Rbej KvVvgv
PMvg e`i KZci cavbi `vwqZ _vKb Pqvigvb| wZwb e`ii cavb wbevnx KgKZv| e`iK GKwU
^vqkvwmZ cwZvb ejv njI cKZ ^vqkvmb GK `qv nqwb| e`ii Pqvigvb gYvjq viv wbqwZ nq
_vKb| Pqvigvb Qvov wZb Rb m`m iqQb| Zuviv njb m`m (Acvikb), m`m (A_) Ges m`m
(Bwwbqvwis)| PMvg e`i KZci Aaxb 16wU wefvM AvQ| cZKwU wefvMi `vwqZ AvQb GKRb KgKZv|
Avevi PviwU fvM wef 16wU wefvMi wZbwUi g~j `vwqZ AvQb GKRb Ki m`m| GKwU wefvMi g~j `vwqZ
AvQb Pqvigvb ^qs| hgb: Pqvigvbi Aaxb AvQ e`ii ckvmb, mwPevjq, UvwdK, cwiKbv, wbivcv Ges
gwWKj| m`m (Acvikb) Gi Aaxb AvQ e`ii gwib wefvM4, gwib IqvKkc Ges nvBWvMvwd wefvM5|
m`m (A_) Gi Aaxb AvQ A_ I wnmve wefvM, KwDUvi Ges AwWU I BcKkb wefvM| m`m (Bwwbqvwis)
Gi Aaxb AvQ cKkj wefvM, GU, BjwKvj Ges gvKvwbKvj, vim Ges cR wefvM| wbPi QK
PMvg e`i KZci eZgvb KvVvgv `Lvbv njv:

gwib wefvM e`i AvMgb I ewnMgbKvix mg Avg`vwb I ivwb cYevnx RvnvR G wefvMi gvag e`i cek I cY Lvjvm Ki|
G wefvMi cvBjU ewnbvOi _K RvnvR e`i wbq Avmb Ges e`i _K ewnbvOi wbq hvb| G wefvMi cavbi `vwqZ cvjb
Kib cavb cKkjx (gwib)|
5
nvBWvMvwd wefvM wefvM e`ii cvwb cwigvc, b`x Rwic, b`xi bveZv ivK wekl cwiKbv BZvw` Ki _vK| G wefvMi cavbi
`vwqZ AvQb cavb nvBWvMvdvi|

wP 2.1: PMvg e`i KZci ckvmwbK KvVvgv

b cwienb
gbvjq
e`i evW
KZc
Pqvigvb

m`m (Acvikb)
nvievi I gwib

m`m (A_)

m`m (Bwwbqvwis)

mwPevjq

dvBbv Ges GKvDUm


gwib

AwWU Ges BcKkb

wmwfj Bwwbqvwis

UvwdK

GU

cwiKbv

BjwKvj Ges
gvKvwbKvj

wbivcv

gwib IqvKkc
KwDUvi

ckvmb

nvBWvMvwd

gwWKj

vim
cR (mveK KvWvi)
(Z_m~:-ckvmwbK cwZe`b, 2004-05, PMvg e`i KZc)
PMvg mgy` e`ii Abygvw`Z c` nQ KgKZv 414 Rb Ges KgPvwi 8241 Rb| wK eZgvb GLvb 313 Rb
KgKZv Ges 5578 Rb KgPvwi KgiZ AvQb|6 A_vr k~Y c`i ni cvq 32%|

wP 2.2: PUMvg e`i Rbeji weeiY (wWm^i 2006)

k~Y c`
31.9%
KgiZ
68.1%

cwiwk 2.1 `e|

WK kwgK cwiPvjbv evW


WK kwgK (ijkb Ae Ggc- qgU) AvBbi gvag 13 m`m wewk WK kwgK cwiPvjbv evW (DWMB)
MwVZ nq 1980 mvj | AvbyvwbKfve GB evW 1981 mvji 1 m^i _K KvR i Ki| c`vwaKvi ej
e`ii Pqvigvb GB evWi Pqvigvb| Ze miKvi KZK mivmwi wbqvMKZ GKRb fvBm Pqvigvb G
evWi mvweK cwiPvjbvi `vwqZ wbqvwRZ| evWi Abvb m`m wewfb gqv` wbevwPZ nq _vKb| eZgvb
GB evWi Aaxb 4101 Rb WK kwgK KgiZ7|
wmj cqU AcviwUs eevi AvIZvq emiKvwi cwZvb mvBd cvIqvi UK wjwgUWK 7 gvP 2007 _K
e`ii weklvwqZ KUBbvi Uvwgbvj (wmwmwU) Ges gvw cvicvm ev_ (Ggwcwe) cwiPvjbvi `vwqZ `qv nqQ|
dj wmwmwUZ WK kwgK Ges wwfWvi c_v Aejy njI Ab RwUZ GLbI Zv we`gvb |
GQvov e`ii cvq 4 nvRvi WK kwgKi ga hviv 57 eQi eqmvxY, kvixwiKfve Ag ev wewfb KviY wbRiv
KvR hvM bv w`q e`wj kwgK`i gvag KvW nvi Ki nvwRiv w`q AvmQ Zv`iK Mvb nvkKi
gvag Aemi cvVvbvi wmv bqv nqQ| wK MelYvq `Lv hvq, WK kwgK cwiPvjbv evWi A`Zv,
^QvPvwiZv I `ybxwZi KviY 57-79 eQi ch WK kwgK 28 deqvwi 2007 ZvwiL ch mekl gRywi MnY
KiQb| hv`i 1994 mvj Aemi hvevi wbavwiZ wQj Zviv wKfve 2007 ch PvKzwiZ _vKb?

kwgK msLv

wP 2.3: WK kwgKi eqm KvVvgv, gvP 2007


1500
1000
500
0

1370

1277

916
362

53

120

20-29 30-39 40-49 50-56 57-64 65-74 75-79


eqm
e`ii wewfb myhvM-myweav
RwU Ges gywis
PMvg e`i mgy`Mvgx RvnvRi Rb megvU 32wU ev_ AvQ| Gi ga mvaviY KvMv ev_ 10wU, KUBbvi ev_
6wU, wekl ev_ 9wU, wicqvi ev_ 2wU I gywis ev_ 5wU | Abw`K AfixY RvnvRi Rb 19wU ev_ AvQ|
e`ii gvU RvqMv I `vgi cwigvY
PMvg e`ii AvIZvfy gvU Rwgi cwigvY 2302.84 GKi| Gi ga b`x wmKw Rwg 594.21 GKi Ges b`x
wmKw ev` Rwg 1708.63 GKi| GB 1708.63 GKi Rwgi ga Aea `Lj iqQ 329.48 GKi, hv gvU
Rwgi cvq 19%| Aea `Lji ga miKvwi/Avav miKvwi cwZvb KZK 232.31 GKi, UW BDwbqb ev Kvei
`Lj 1.95 GKi Ges vbxq RbMY KZK 95.22 GKi| GQvov PMvg e`ii vcbvq eeZ Rwgi cwigvY
951.92 GKi, evwYwRK cwZvb ev `vgi KvR 32.09 GKi, miKvwi/Avav miKvwi msv KZK 135.34 GKi I
emiKvwi msv KZK 47.81 GKi| e`ii Afi e`ii gvU 9wU UvbwRU kW, 2wU Kvi kW, 7wU `vg
AvQ| e`ii evBi e`ii 6wU `vg AvQ|
GQvov cvbvgv BUvibvkbvj 3.86 GKi Rwg 15 eQii Rb 2001 _K cwZ eQi 12.21 j UvKvi jxR wbqQ
(2001 mvj _K 5 eQi Ai 25% ewZ)| BbKbUW wjt 22.775 GKi Rwg 30 eQii Rb (bevqbg
ci 20 eQii Rb) 2003 _K (10% ewZ 5 eQi Ai) cwZ eQi 3.86 KvwU UvKvq jxR wbqQ| B
4

gvP 2007, WK kwgK cwiPvjbv evW, e`i PMvg

Iq ccviwUm WfjcgU wjt 264 GKi 30 eQii Rb 2006 _K (bevqbg ci 20 eQii Rb) (10%
ewZ 5 eQi Ai) cwZ eQi 8.44 KvwU UvKvq jxR wbqQ|
wP 2.4 : PMvg e`ii b`x wmKwev` gvU Rwgi eivi cwigvY
Aea `Lj
19%

ivv/Lvj/euva/Kwl
12%

PMvg e`i KZci


vcbvq
56%

`vg
2%

miKvwi/emiKvwi cwZvb
eiv Rwg
11%

KUBbvi nvwjs Kivi Rb e`ii vb:


PMvg e`i KUBbviRvZ cY (Rbvij Kbfbkbvj ev_/ wRwmwe) Ges (KUBbvi Kbfbkbvj ev_/ wmwmwU)G
nvwjs Kiv nq|
Lvjv cY I KUBbvi nvwjs hcvwZ
e`ii Lvjv cY nvwjs Kivi Rb e`ii kvi b, gvevBj b, dKwjd&U UvK, Uvi, UBjvi BZvw`
hcvwZ iqQ| KUBbvi nvwjs Kivi Rb Kx-MvwU b, ievi Uvqvi MvwU b, vWj Kvwiqvi, dKwjd&U
UvK, Uvi, UBji, jv gv dKwjd&U, wiP vKvi BZvw` hcvwZ eeZ nq| wK cqvRbi Zzjbvq AbK
hcvwZB GLvb chv cwigvY bB| MelYvq `Lv hvq, Abygvw`Z hcvwZi Zzjbvq kZKiv 24 fvM NvUwZ
AvQ| Avevi hjv AvQ mjvi GKwU eo AskB ewki fvM mgq AKRv Aevq co _vK|8

wP 2.5: PUMvg e`i hcvwZi NvUwZ ( deqvwi 2007)


NvUwZ
23.7%

eZgvb
76.3%

cwiwk 2.2 `e

wP 2.6 : Kx-MvwU bi gvag RvnvR _K cY Lvjvm

mRb: PUMvg e`i KZc

AvBwmwW
PMvg e`ii GKwU Bbjv KUBbvi wWcv 1987 mvj _K XvKvi Kgjvcyi Pvjy AvQ hvi evrmwiK aviYgZv
80 nvRvi wUBBDGm| PMvg e`i _K XvKv AvBwmwWZ KUBbvi bqvi Rb ijIqi 2wU Lvjv ijMvwo AvQ
hvi gvag GKmv_ 350wU KUBbvi cwienY Kiv hvq|
Kvgm cwiwPwZ
PMvg Kvgm nvDm evsjv`k mePq eo Kvgm kb| `ki Avg`vwb-ivwb LvZi cvq 65-70% Kvgm
msv KvR GB nvDRi gvag mvw`Z nq| RvZxq ivR^ evW cwZ eQi GLvb _K cvq 30-35% ivR^ Avq
Ki _vK|
Kvgm nvDRi cavb Kvhvejx
PMvg e`i, emiKvwi AvBwmwW (Bbjv KUBbvi wWcv) , PMvg BwcRW Ges PMvg wegvbe`ii
Kvgm KZc wnmve KvR Kiv|
evsjv`k hme cY PMvg e`i, wegvbe`i Ges BwcRWi gvag Avg`vwb I ivwb nq mjvK
wbqgvbyhvqx GmmgUi gvag Ki I wbaviY|
PMvg e`i, wegvbe`i I BwcRW PvivKvievwi, fyqv ivwb Ges Avg`vwb cYi Pzwi cwZiva Kiv|
Kvgm KZK AvivwcZ AvBb I bxwZgvjv
Kvgm AvBb 1969, fvjy GvWW Uv AvBb 1991, BbKvg Uv AwWbv 1984, BgcvU G GcvU KUvj
AvBb 1950, BgcvU cwjwm AWvi 2003-2006, GcvU cwjwm AWvi 2003-2006, gvPUvBR gvKm AvBb
1889, GwmW KUvj AvBb 2002, cwiek bxwZgvjv 2004, BwcRW AvBb 1980, WvMm KUvj AvBb 1990,
dib GPb&R ijkb AvBb 1947, Avgm AvBb 1880, kvj cvIqvi AvBb 1974, wdbv AvBb 1997
(IDSC) BZvw`|
Kvgmi mv_ RwoZ cavb Knvvi
Kvgm KZc
e`i KZc
wewRGgBG/weKGgBG mn Abvb Avg`vwbKviK/ivbxKviK
mgSvZvKvwi evsKmg~n
wmGGd GRU
wkwcs GRU
wcGmAvB GRw
Kv MvW
evsjv`k bwf

BwcRW KZc
PMvg Kvgm nvDR Rbeji weeiY
PMvg Kvgm nvDR gvU Abygvw`Z c` nQ 944wU wK eZgvb KgiZ AvQ 630 Rb A_vr PMvg Kvgm
`i 2007 mvji gvP ch kZKiv cvq 33 fvM Abygvw`Z c`i wecixZ c` k~b wQj| 1g I 2q kYx gvU
Abygvw`Z 374 Rbi wecixZ 277 Rb KgiZ AvQb A_vr k~Y c`i nvi 25.9%|9
wP 2.7: PMvg Kvgm `i Rbeji weeiY (gvP 2007)
k~b c`
33.3%
KgiZ
66.7%

GQvov AwZ iZc~Y c`i I `Lv hvq Mo kZKiv cvq 31 fvM AwZ iZc~Y c` k~Y iqQ|10
wP 2.8: Kvgm nvDR, PMvg G iZc~Y c` k~Y Rbeji kZKiv nvi
64.1

70
60
50

37.8

40
30

16.7

20

32.1

21.4

19.8
10.5

10
0
WcywU/mnKvwi
Kwgkbvi

wcwcvj GcvBRvi mycvwibUbWU Ae


wc fwUf mvwfm

GcvBRvi

wc fwUf Awdmvi

BDwW

GjwW

Kvgm nvDRi cavb Kvhwbevnx KvVvgv:


BgcvU Rbvij gwbd (AvBwRGg): Avg`vwb cYevnx `kx-we`kx RvnvR KZK DcvwcZ AvBwRGg MnY I
nvi Kiv Gi `vwqZ|
GcvU Rbvij gwbd (BwRGg): ivwb cYevnx `kx-we`kx RvnvR KZK DcvwcZ BwRGg MnY I nv
i Kiv Gi `vwqZ|
cY hvPvB wefvM: mn I wenxb Avg`vwb cYi ( Mn eeZ) hvPvBqi Rb eZgvb 12wU Mc AvQ|
GLvb 3-4 Rb Gvmwms Awdmvi, GKRb wcwcvj GcvBRvi AvQb hviv mnKvwi/WcywU Kwgkbvi Ges hyM
Kwgkbvii Zveavb KvR Kib| GQvovI Abvb cYi (MvgUm, cvKwRs) Rb 4wU Mc Ges PMvg
BwcRWi Dci wfw Ki hme wk Mo DVQ Zv`i cYmg~ni Rb AviI GKwU Mc GKBfve hvPvBqi
KvR Ki _vK| ivwb cYi I GKBfve 3wU Mc AvQ| cYi miRwgb wbixvi Rb Avg`vwb cYi
5wU I ivwb cYi 2wU Mc AvQ hLvb cwZwU Mc 3-4 Rb wbixv KgKZv, GKRb wcwcvj
GvcvBRvi mnKvwi/WcywU Kwgkbvi Ges hyM Kwgkbvii Zveavb KvR Kib|

cwiwk 2.3
cwiwk 2.4

10

wcfbwUf wefvM: e`i GjvKv _K Avg`vwb I ivwb cYmg~ni Pzwi Ges PvivKvievwi cwZiva Kiv GB wefvMi
`vwqZ| GB wefvMi Aaxb AbKjv DcwefvM KvR Ki hvi cwZwUZ 3-4 Rb wcfwUf KgKZv, GKRb
ZveavqK mnKvwi/WcywU Kwgkbvi Ges hyM Kwgkbvii Zveavb KvR Kib| GQvov evsjv`k bwf I Kv
MvWI GB wefvMK mnvqZv Ki _vK|
AK&kb wefvM: AK&kbhvM cYmg~n wPwZKiY, ZvwjKv Zwi Ges wewi eev Kiv GB wefvMi KvR|
gwbd wKqvi wWcvUgU (GgwmwW) wefvM: cwZwU AvBwRGg I BwRGg-G DcvwcZ KbmvBbgUmg~ni
Kvgmi cwqv mwVKfve mvw`Z nj wKbv Zv wbwZ Kiv G wefvMi `vwqZ|
PMvg e`i evsjv`ki cavb mgy` e`i| GB e`i cvq 8 nvRviiI ewk KgKZv-KgPvix KgiZ| GQvov GLvb
KvR KiQ 30wUiI ewk miKvwi-emiKvwi msv| GB e`ii gvag `ki cvq 80 kZvsk cY Avg`vwb-ivwb
nq hv _K GbweAvi cwZ eQi ivR^ Avq Ki cvq 30-35%| wK e`i I Kvgmi Rbeji weeiY _K `Lv
hvq GLvb cqvRbi Zzjbvq jvKej AbK Kg hv e`i I Kvgmi MwZkxj Kvhgi c_ Aivq|
Abygvw`Z c`i wecixZ e`i k~b c` cvq 31.9% Ges Kvgm 33.3%| Rbeji cvkvcvwk h cwigvY
AvaywbK hcvwZ GZ eo e`i cwiPvjbvq `iKvi m Abyhvqx hcvwZi AcZzjZvI GLvb my hvi cwigvY cvq
23.7%| GQvov hme hcvwZ eZgvb AvQ Zv ewkifvM mgq AKRv nq co _vK| WK kwgK wnmve hviv
AvQb Zv`i 485 Rbi eqm 57 eQii ewk| Avevi kvixwiKfve Ag Ges wewfb KviY KvR bv wMq KD
KD e`wj kwgK`i KvW w`q wg_vi Avkq wbq cvwikwgK wbq hvQ| Gi dj eQi wZb KvwUi AcPq A_ev
AvZmvr Kiv nq| e`ii b`x wmKw ev` gvU 1708.63 GKi Rwgi ga Aea `Lj iqQ 329.48 GKi, hv
gvU Rwgi cvq 19%| Gi ga miKvwi/Avav miKvwi cwZvb 232.31 GKi, UW BDwbqb ev Kve 1.95 GKi Ges
vbxq RbMY 95.22 GKi Aea `Lj iLQ| e`ii hme `vg, kW Ges KUBbvi wWcv iqQ Zv
cqvRbi mvc chv bq| GQvov e`ii wfZi _K wWcvZ KUBbvi cwienY eevi I msvi
cqvRb|

10

Aavq wZb
PMvg e`i Avg`vwb-ivwb evwYR Awbqgi mvweK wP

f~wgKv
evsjv`k PMvg e`ii gvag cY Avg`vwb ev ivwb KiZ Avg`vwbKviK ev ivwbKviK`i c H cYi
cwienY, cwienYi Rb cqvRbxq vqb, cqvRbxq `vwiK Kvhvejx mv`bmn D cY cwienYKvix RvnvR
DVvbv ev bvgvbvi KvRjv wbv wZbwU msv g~jZ `vwqZ cvjb Kib,
1. wkwcs GRU11
2. wm G Gd (wKqvwis G divqvwWs) GRU12 I
3. gvvi wwfWvwis GRU13|
cwZwU GRwi KvRB GK Acii cwic~iK|
PMvg e`ii gvag Avg`vwbKZ cY wiwjR Kivi cwqv
cY Avg`vwb KiZ h mg KvMRc Kvgm Ges e`i `vwLj KiZ nq Zv njv: jRgU w- c14, wm G Gd
GRU wjwLZ wej Ae GwU (Bill of Entry), Kvgm nvDm wej Ae GwUi KwDUvi wcU, wej Ae jvwWs15
(Bill of Lading), wmAviGd (CRF -Clean Report Finding), Bbfqm (Invoice), cvwKs wj (Packing
List), KvwU Ae AwiwRb16 (Country of Origin), jUvi Ae wWU (Letter of Credit), jUvi Ae wWU
A_vivBRkb17 (Letter of Credit Authorisation), cvidgv Bbfqm (Performa Invoice)|

wkwcs GRwi KvR njv ivwb cYi Rb wkwcs GRwjv dBU divqvWvi wnme wbR`i wdWvi fvmji gvag wKsev Ab
wdWvi mvwfm - U wbq GB cY gv`vi fvmj-G cuQ w`q Avm| Avi Avg`vwbi gv`vi fvmj _K KUBbvi wbq wdWvi
fvmj Avgv`i `k Avm|
12
wwfWvwis GRwjv RvnvR _K cY Lvjvm Ges fivi KvR Ki _vK| RvnvR _K cY Lvjvm Ges fivi Rb WK kwgK eevcbv
evWi gvag WK kwgK eywKs KiZ nq| wwfWvwis Kvvwbjv WK kwgK eevcbv evWi gvag kwgK`i wbavwiZ gRywi c`vb
Ki|
13
wKqvwis Ges divqvwWs GRw (wm G Gd) cYi vqb, e`i KZci cqvRbxq cwqv mbi gvag KUBbvi gvjvgvj fwZ
[Stuffing] ev KUBbvi _K gvjvgvj Lvjvm [Unstuffing] Ki Zv wbR^ ev fvov Kiv cwienYi gvag e`i GjvKv _K ei Ki
bq| Avi ev KvMvi Zviv mivmwi RvnvR _K ev kW _K gvjvgvj Wwjfvwi wbq _vK|
14
Kvg&m-G wm G Gd GRU KZK `vwLjKZ cvgvY KvMRc I bvwUs Gi Rb `vwLj Kivi mgqmn GKwU wbavwiZ w- c Zvi wgK
bs I dvvi bs KvMRci m mshy Kiv nq | GKB jRgU w- c (Lodgement Slip) ej|
15
cY RvnvRxKiYi ci RvnvR KZc cY evSvB I fvovi Pzwi ^xKwZ ^ic h iwm` c`vb Ki ZvB wej Ae jvwWs (Bill of
Lading)| wej Ae jvwWs-G (Bill of Lading) ivwbKviK I RvnvR KZci ^vi QvovI cYi wevwiZ weeiY, UW gvK, RvnvRi
I RvnvR Kvvwbi bvg, Avg`vwbKviKi bvg I wVKvbv, ivwbKviKi bvg I wVKvbv, ciK I cvcK e`ii bvg, RvnvR Qvovi I cuQyevi
ZvwiL, RvnvR fvovi cwigvY, fvov c` nqQ bvwK Avg`vwbKviK KZK c` ne BZvw` weeiY wjwLZ _vK| GwU Avg`vwbKviKi
evsKi gvag Avg`vwbKviKi wbKU cuQvbv nq|
16
cYjv h `k _K Avg`vwb Kiv nQ mB `ki P^vi Ae Kgvm G BvwR Gi GKwU mb`, hvZ cYwU Kvb `k Zwi Zv
jLv _vK|
17
Kvbv cY Avg`vwb KiZ nj K`xq evsKi Abygv`bi cqvRb nq| K`xq evsKi mB Abygv`bK jUvi Ae wWU
A_ivBRkb (Letter of Credit (LC) Authorisation) ejv nq|
11

11

evsjv`k PMvg e`i w`q cY Avg`vwb ev ivwb KiZ e`i Ges Kvgm G RwUj Ges `xN cwqv AbymiY KiZ
nq| GB RwUj Ges `xN cwqv `ybxwZK DrmvwnZ Ki|18 GQvov PMvg e`i Iqvb c mvwfm Gi bvg hv Kiv
nqwQj Zv ejv hvq Iqvb ig mvwfm| Avg`vwbKviK ev ivwbKviKi c Zv`i cwZwbwa ev GRU`i Iqvb
c mvwfm mUvi AbK Uwej NyiZ nq Ges wbwZfve cZK UwejB Nyl ev eLwkm bv w`j ^vi wgj bv|
wkwcs GRU hme RvqMvq `ybxwZ/nqivwbi wkKvi nq
G MelYvq `Lv MQ, 2004 I 2006 mvji ga PMvg e`ii `ybxwZi cKvc cvq GKB wQj| ejv hvq, PMvg
e`i Nyl, eKwkl, Awbqg cvwZvwbKZv ARb KiwQj| 2007 mvji Rvbyqvwi gvm `k Riwi Aev Rvwii ci
h_ evwnbxi Kov bRi`vwi I wewfb wmvi KviY gvP gvm _K cwiwwZi DbwZ j Kiv hvq| Zvi gvb GB bq
h, PMvg e`i Nyl ev `ybxwZ `~i nq MQ| GUv GKUv mvgwqK DbwZ| ejv hvq, h_ evwnbxi fq NylMnxZviv Nyl
ev eKwkl wbZ mvnm `LvQb bv| hZY ch cwZi cwieZb Kiv bv hve, ZZY ch PMvg e`i _K
`ybxwZ wbg~j Kiv hve bv|
GKwU RvnvR PMvg e`i cek KiZ nj AbKjv i AwZg KiZ nq| PMvg e`i hme RvnvR
Kvvwb wKsev Zv`i GRwjv cY cwienY Ki Ges hviv KUBbvi fvov `q Zviv wewfb Awbqg Ges `ybxwZi
myLxb nq|
GKRb wkwcs GRUK RvnvRi evw_s (RwUZ fov)Gi AbygwZi Rb Nyl w`Z nq| wkwcs Kvvwbjv RvnvR
AvBwRGg (BgcvU Rbvij gwbd) I BwRGg (GcvU Rbvij gwbd) ck KiZ kZKiv GKk fvM
B Nyl w`Z nq| wkwcs GRU`iK GKwU AvBwRGg `vwLj KiZ Mo 500 UvKv, GKwU BwRGg `vwLj KiZ
Mo 27 UvKv, GKwU MvwiU19 `vwLj KiZ Mo 64 UvKv Nyl w`Z nq| AvBwRGg Avg KiZ wkwcs GRUK
Mo 3000 UvKv Nyl w`Z nq| Abw`K GKwU RvnvR e`ii RwUZ fovbvi Rb Ges RwU _K ewnbvOi wbq
hvIqvi Rb ^vfvweK Aevq e`i cvBjUiv 10,000 UvKv eLwkk wnme bq| wKIfvi WvdwUs RvnvRi G
nvi mgSvZvi gvag jvwaK UvKv ch ew cvq| PMvg e`i 9.0 wgUvii ewk WvdU I 186 wgUvii ewk
`xN RvnvR Pvbj cek KiZ `qv nq bv| wK AbK B D wbqgi eZq NwUq nvBWvMvwd wefvMi
KgKZv I e`i cvBjUi hvMmvRk A_i wewbgq 192 wgUvii `xN RvnvRK ceki AbygwZ `qv nq| hw`
PMvg e`i 192 wgUvi RvnvR wekl AbygwZg cek KiZ cvi Zvnj GUv cgvwYZ e`ii 192 wgUvii
RvnvR ceki aviYgZv AvQ| KvRB G wbqg mskvabi gvag nvBWvMvwd wefvMi I e`i cvBjUi `ivZ
Kgvbv me| Avevi RwUZ fovbvi Rb ev evw_s Gi Rb PMvg e`ii wbavwiZ cvBjUi KvQ Kb kiYvcb
nZ ne? ^ ^ RvnvRi cvBjU ewnbvOi _K mivmwi RwUZ wbq Avmvi weavb _vKj PMvg e`ii wbavwiZ
cvBjUi KvQ wRw _vKZ nZv bv| G cwZ GK Bw AwZwi WvdUi Rb cvBjUK Kgc 5000 _K
10000 UvKv Nyl c`vb KiZ nq|
2004 mvj wUAvBwe cwiPvwjZ MelYvq `Lv hvq, GKwU wkwcs GRUK ^vfvweK Aevq PMvg e`i RvnvR
bvOi KivZ Kgc 8-10wU LvZ Nyl ev eKwkk w`Z nq| 2007 mvj Gwcj `Lv hvq, `ybxwZ GKB gvvq
AevnZ wQj| Riwi Aevi ciI gvP 2007 ch Nyl jb`b nZ Ze Zv e`ii ga bv nq cwZwbwai gvag
evBi mgSvZvi gvag| 2007 mvji gvP I Gwcj gvm PMvg e`i I PMvg Kvgm nvDRi ek KqKRb
DaZb KgKZvmn wKQy kwgK msMVbi bZv `ybxwZi `vq h_ evwnbxi nvZ AvUK nevi ci cwiwwZ `Z cv
hvq| GLb wkwcs GRU, wmGGd GRUmn Abvbiv Nyl mvajI `ybxwZM KgKZv/KgPvix wKsev Gi mv_
mswk- iv Nyl wbZ A^xKwZ RvbvQb|

18

cwiwk 3.1 `e|


KUBbvi Kx wbq Avmv nqQ Ges Kx wbq hvIqv ne Zv 150 UvKvi bb RywWwkqvj v Kvgm wjwLZ AvKvi `vwLj KiZ nqZvK MvivwU ej|
19

12

wmGGd, wfWvwis GRUiv hme RvqMvq `ybxwZi wkKvi nq


e`i Ges Kvgm _K Avg`vwbKZ cY wiwjR Kivi g~j `vwqZ cvjb Kib wmGGd GRU Ges wwfWvwis
GRU| Avg`vwbKviKi KvQ _K cqvRbxq KvMRc wbq wmGGd GRU e`i Ges Kvgm _K cY Lvjvm
Ki Avg`vwbKviKi KvQ cvVvq| G KvR Zv`iK `xN cwqvi ga w`q hZ nq|
Avevi e`ii wewfb cyivZb wbqgi KviYI wekl Ki WK kwgK eevcbv evW _K kwgK wbqvM evaevaKZv
Ges wwfWvwis vd BDwbqb _K vd wbqvMi evaevaKZv _vKvi dj e`i cY nvwjs LiP eo hvQ|
PMvg e`i RvnvR _K cY jvwWs Ges AvbjvwWs Kvhg h mgmvjv `Lv hvq mjv wbic:
kwgK Mvs Gi AhwK MVb
AZwaK Nyl Ges eKwkk
wwfWvwis vd BDwbqb _K vd bqv
WK kwgK eevcbv evWi kwgK`i wbqY AgZv
wmweG bZv`i cfve I AnZzK hLb ZLb Av`vjb ev Av`vjbi gwK
A` kwgK viv Kg cwiPvjbv
BKzBcgU AcviUi`i mwVK mgq KvR hvM`vb bv Kiv Ges wbavwiZ mgqi AvM Kgj
cwiZvM
Kiv| Zv`i wbavwiZ eLwkm c`vb bv Kij Zviv cY nvwjs Ki bv A_ev KUBbvi dj w`q wZ
mvab Ki; BKzBcgU AcviUi`i Abvq `vwe gvbv bv nj hcvwZ Kwg weKj _vK; BKzBcgU weKj
nj wic- mgU nq bv; eLwkm Gi cwigvY mvlRbK bv nj axi Pj bxwZ Aej^b Ki; cvU wmwWDj
Abyhvqx KvR KiZ ejj Kwg mgmv mw Ki|
wcGmAvB Kvvwbi `ybxwZ/Awbqg
A^Q I `yej wcGmAvB eevi20 KviY wg_v NvlYvi dj nvBKvU ixU gvgjv Ges AvcxjvZ UvBeybvj Avcxj
gvgjvi msLv Divi ew cvQ| dj ivR^ eevcbvq weksLjv mw nQ| G me iva Kivi j wcGmAvB
KgKv vbxqfve wbweofve cheYi wfwZ eev Kiv DwPZ|
wc-wkcgU BcKkb wewagvjv, 2002 Gi wewa 25 Abymvi cwi`kb msv KZK msNwUZ Acivai wei Z`
I kvw wnme1) evW A_ev evWi wbKU nZ GZ`yk gZvcv Kvb ew GB wewagvjvi Aaxb cwi`kb msvi
wei AvbxZ hKvb AwfhvM Z` KiZ cvie|
2) hw` Kvbv cwi`kb msvi wei Aciva cgvwYZ nq, Dnvi Rb AvcvZZ ejer Ab Kvb AvBbi
AvIZvq cvc Kvbv kvw c`vbi gZv zY bv Ki Ges Dnvi AwZwi wnmve, D cwi`kb msvK
bvwbi myhvM c`vb Ki Dnvi wei wbv A_`` c`vb KiZ cvieb: (K) hw` Am`vPiY Ki Ges
Zv ivR^ nvwbKi bv nq, Ze AvivwcZ ` ne AbwaK 50 nvRvi UvKv; (L) hw` Am`vPiY Ki I Zv
ivR^ nvwbKi nq Ges hw` D ivR^ evsK MvivwU ev Ab Kvb Dcvq KZc KZK myiwZ nq
_vK, Ze A_` ne AbwaK 1 j UvKv; Ges (M) hw` Am`vPiY Ki I Zv ivR^ nvwYKi nq Ges hw`
D ivR^ evsK MvivwU ev Ab Kvb Dcvq KZc KZK myiwZ bv nq _vK Ze A_` ne
nvwbKi ivR^i mgcwigvY A_ I mswk- cZqbci Rb cvc wd Gi mgcwigvY A_`|
Avevi cwi`kb msvi Kvhvejx K`xqfve cwiexYi Rb miKvi AbwaK mvZ m`mwewk GKwU K`xq cwiexY
KwgwU KwgwU MVb Kie, hvZ Ab~b wZb Rb emiKvwi m`m _vKeb| D KwgwU cwZ wZb gvm Ai Ai
eVK wgwjZ nq cwi`kb msvi Kvhg I D~Z mgmvw` chvjvPbv Kie Ges evWi wbKU mycvwik ck Kie
Ges D mycvwiki wfwZ evW cqvRbxq eev MnY KiZ cvie ej Dj- L AvQ|21

20

Md. Fariduddin, Commissioner of Customs, Custom House, Chittagong, Case Study in relation to
Application and Maintenance of the GATT Valuation Agreement in Bangladesh
21
wewa 28, wc-wkcgU BcKkb wewagvjv, 2002, GmAviI bs-255-AvBb/2002/1973/ |

13

eemvqx KZK wg_v Z_ w`q cY Avg`vwb22

NUbv 1: Bvwqvj jeY ej Lvevi jeY Avg`vwbi gvag duvwKi Pv


2005 mvji Avei gvm Lyjbvi gmvm my`ieb m BvwR bvg GK Avg`vwiKviK Ggwf Bqv`x gvdv
bvgi mU wfbmUi cZvKvevnx GKwU RvnvR Ki fviZ _K Bvwqvj jeY ej 8610 Ub Lvevi jeY Avg`vwb
Ki| vqbi Rb Avg`vwbKZ jebi GBPGm KvW nQ-25010023 hvi Avg`vwb nQ 102%| Abw`K
25010024 KvWi Bvwqvj jeYi nQ 6%| Avg`vwbKviK duvwKi Dk Avg`vwbKZ PvjvbK
Bvwqvj m ej vqbi cwiewZZ GBPGm KvW `Lvq 25010024| Gfve LvZB ivR^ duvwK
`qvi Pv Kiv nq cvq wZb KvwU UvKvi gZv|
NUbv 2: wg_v NvlYv I Avvi Bbfqwmsqi gvag duvwKi Pv
2007 mvji deqvwi gvm wk eenvii Rb AvbvkW zW m wnme XvKvi c~evjx m bvg Avg`vwbKviK
Ggwf b~i-B g`xbv RvnvR fviZ _K 15 nvRvi 5 Ub jeY enbi K_v NvlYv w`q 15 nvRvi 908 Ub Avg`vwb
Ki| Gme jeYi `vg 4 jvL 80 nvRvi 577 Wjvi| wK Kvgm& vqbKvj `LZ cvq Avg`vwbKviK wg_v
NvlYv, cwigvY RvwjqvwZ Ges Avvi Bbfqwmsqi Avkq wbqQ| AwZwi 903 Ub ewk NvlYv QvovB Lvjvmi
Pv Ki| PMvg KvMvW h_evwnbx I PMvg Kvgm KZci wb`kbvq RvnvR _K jeYi bgybv msMn Ki
cgvY cvq Gjv Lvevi jeY| GQvov UvBvi mvf bvg GKwU cwZvbi gvag KZc cgvY cvq RvnvR NvlYvi
Pq cvq 900 Ub AwZwi cY iqQ| GjwmZ jeYi fvjy `Lvbv nq UbcwZ gv 25 Wjvi| wK wmAviGd
cwZvb GmwRGm (bs-GmwR/07/466301 Zvs 20/01/07) Kvvwb Zv`i mvwUwdKU Dj- L KiQ jeYi `vg
UbcwZ 30 `kwgK 17 Wjvi| Avg`vwbKviK GBPGm KvW RvwjqvwZ Ki cwigvY RvwjqvwZ, Avvi Bbfqwms I
wg_v MvlYvi gvag cvq 3 KvwU UvKvi ivR^ duvwKi Pv KiwQj|
NUbv 3: Ifvi Bbfqmi gvag bZzb gwkbi cwieZ cyibv hcvwZ Avg`vwb
2007 mvji Gwcj gvm gmvm GmKv Kvjvi KvwUs wjwgUWi Avg`vwbKZ Kvjvi KvwUs gwkbc KvIqvwgb
cvwmwdK bvgi _vBjvi GKwU cwZvb _K Avg`vwbKZ 17wU KUBbvi Lyj `Lv hvq fZi me cyibv
RivRxY I mK nv gwkbc ivLv nqQ| A_P Avg`vwb NvlYvq wQjv bZzb Kvjvi KvwUs gwkb Ges PvjvbwUi
NvwlZ g~j wQj 9 j 15 nvRvi gvwKb Wjvi, PMvg e`i hvi vqb hvM g~j `uvovq cvq 6 KvwU 61 j
UvKv| 5 kZvsk iqvZ nvi Gi i cwigvY `uvovq cvq 33 j 40 nvRvi UvKv| wg_v NvlYvq Avbv KvwUs
gwkbcmg~n Wwjfvwi bqvi Rb XvKv mvD_ B evsK w`jKzkv kvLv KvMRc `vwLj Ki Avg`vwbKviKi
c| Avg`vwbKviK 2006 mvji Ryb GB evsKB Gme gwkbc Avg`vwbi Rb Gjwm LyjwQj|

wc-wkcgU BcKkb wewagvjv, 2002 Gi wewa 29, Abymvi wc-wkcgU BcKkb cwZ vbxq chvq
cwiexYi j evW feb ev gZ kbmg~n AbwaK cuvP m`mwewk KwgwU MVbi evaevaKZv
AvQ| wK GLb ch K`xq I vbxq cwiexY KwgwU MVb ev Gi Kvhg `Lv hvqwb|
Gi cwicwZ cvqB wg_v NvlYv w`q cY Avg`vwbi NUbv NUQ| RyjvB 2005-deqvwi 2006 Ges RyjvB 06deqvwi 2007 ch wmAviGdKZ cY Pvjvbi ga KvwqK cixvq wg_v NvwlZ Pvjvbi msLv wQj gvU
490wU Ges D mgqKvj wmAviGd mb`c cixv Ki Kvgm KZc gvU 695wU wg_v NvlYvi NUbv D`NvUb
Kib| Avevi wcGmAvBhvM wK wcGmAvB/wmAviGd bv Ki Avg`vwbKZ cY Pvjvb Gi msLv RyjvB 06 _K
deqvwi 2007 ch 440wU|23

22

PMvg Kvgm KZc; `wbK

hyMvi 28 Avei 2005; `wbK RbK 27 deqvwi 2007; `wbK BdvK 19 Gwcj

2007
23

cwiwk 3.2, 3.3 I 3.4 `e|

14

mviwb 3.1: wcGmAvB msvi wei Awbqgi wP


Awbqgi aib
RyjvB 05RzjvB 06deqvwi 06
deqvwi 07
Pvjvbi msLv
wmAviGdKZ cY Pvjvbi ga KvwqK cixvq 306
184
cv wg_v NvwlZ
344
351
wmAviGd mb`c cixv (hgb-eYbv, H.S
Code, Value BZvw`) Ki cv wg_v NvwlZ
wc-wkcgU BcKkb wewagvjv, 2002 Gi wewa 21 Abymvi KgKZv wcGmAvB msvi cZqbc ewYZ cYi
eYbv, cwigvY, YMZ gvb I kYxwebvmi mZZv mK wbwZ nevi Rb KwDUvi SuywK eevcbv wfwK
`ePqbi gvag `wbK MnxZ cZqbci kZKiv 6 fvM Ges `ePqb evwZiK mswk- Kwgkbvi ev ZrKZK
gZvcv KgKZv kZKiv 4 fvM ev Ab~b 1wU, hv-B AwaK nq, miRwgb cixvi Rb evQvB Kieb|24 A_vr
KZc mevP kZKiv 10 fvM miRwgb cixv KiZ cvib| GB miRwgb cixvi ci KgKZv KZK cv
djvdj wcGmAvB msvi MnYhvMZvK ckw e Ki|Avevi AbK cY Avg`vwbKviK Lvjvm KiQb bv dj e`i
cYRU eo hvQ| `xNKvj ai wmAviGdKZ cY Pvjvb Lvjvm Avg`vwbKviK`i AbvMni KviY D`&NvUb
evsjv`k evsKmn mswk- cwZvbi Z` Ki `Lv DwPZ|
Nyl `vZv, MnxZv Ges wZM kYx
PMvg e`i w`q cY Avg`vwb Ges ivwb KiZ Kvgm Ges e`ii KgKZv-KgPvixiv wkwcs GRU, wwfWvwis
GRU Ges wmGGd GRU _K h Nyl Ges eLwkm Av`vq Ki Zvi g~j civfve Av`vq Kiv nq Zvi KvQ
_K| wkwcs GRU, wwfWvwis GRU Ges wmGGd GRU e`i Ges Kvgmi KgKZv-KgPvix`iK h Nyl
c`vb Ki Zv msMn Ki Avg`vwbKviK ev ivbxKviK`i KvQ _K| cKZc Avg`vwbKviK A_ev ivbxKviKivB
mg Nyli UvKv mievin Ki| ^vfvweK KviYB Avg`vwbKviK Avevi Zv cYi g~j ew Ki Zv A_vr mvaviY
RbMbi KvQ _K msMn Ki _vK| G Avg`vwbKviK/ivwbKviK Ges e`i I Kvgmi KgKZv/KgPvwi`i
ga jvf-jvf Ljv ( win-win corruption) Pj Ges jvf-wZi Ljv (win-loss corruption) Pj eemvqx I
mvavib RbMbi ga|
`ybxwZi dj Avw_K wZ
cY wiwjR KiZ Nyl/eLwkm jb`b
GB MelYvq `Lv MQ, GKwU KbmvBbgUi Kvgm nvDm _K wiwjR AWvi bqvi Rb hw` mewKQy wVK _vK
Ze 12-13wU vb Nyl w`Z nq| Avi hw` Kvbv mgmv _vK Ze Zv wewfb chvq ew cZ _vK| cY RwUZ
cixv Kiv nj Gi mv_ AviI 8wU vb Nyl w`Z nq| Abw`K e`i GKwU KbmvBbgUi cY wiwjR KiZ
Kgc 18wU vb Nyl w`Z nq| Dcii Z_ _K evSv hvQ h, PMvg e`i _K GKwU cY wiwjR KiZ
Kvgm Ges e`i mewb 30wU cqU Nyl w`Z nq| GQvov wkwcs GRU`i 8-10 LvZ Nyl ev eLwkm w`Z nq|
cY Lvjvmi mgq wmGGd I wkwcs GRU`i e`i PvR Ges Kvgm cwikva Kivi ciI GKwU 20 dzU (1
wUBBD) KUBbvii Rb 12,000-15,000 UvKv ev Mo 13500 UvKv AbKjv avc wWgvwb wnme c`vb
KiZ nq| ivbx cYi G nvi Mo 8000 UvKv| cY Avg`vwb/ivwbi hme LvZ Nyl/eKwkk w`Z nq
mjvi ga KUBbvi mvwUdvB KiZ e`ii UvwdK, KUBbvii Aevb RvbZ e`i KgPvwi, MU hvPvBq
Kvgm KgKZv/KgPvwi, AvBwRGg mKkb nW kW KvK, wej KvK, UvwdK Bbmci, PMvg e`i KZci
UvwdK wefvM, KwDUvi mKkb KgKZv/KgPvwi, Iqvb c mvwfm mUvi, cY Wwjfvwii WKzgU dUvKwc
KiZ, UvwdK wefvM b/ dKwjdU cZ, cY Wwjfvwii AbygwZ wbZ BqvW UvwdK BciK, KvVwgw I
kwgKK, jvwWs PKvi I nW Wwjfvwi KvKK, dKwjdU AcviUiK, b AcviUi UxgK, AwWU UxgK, Kfvi
fvbi Rb UvwdKK, Kvgm _K Avbvwds I GwU cwZe`b wbZ, Avbvwds-Gi Rb kwgK/ gvwS`i, gvj
wbq UvK ewnMgbi mgq MU mve-Bbmci I wbivcv ix`i, MU mvRUK UvKv w`Z nq| RvnvR _K cY
nvwjs Kivi mgq WK kwgK, e`ii BKzBcgU AcviUi Ges e`ii KgKZv-KgPvix wewfbfve wmGGd,
wwfWvwis GRU`i KvQ _K Nyl/eLwkm Av`vq Ki|25 GB MelYvq 2004 I 2006 mvji ga GKwU
24
25

wewa 21, wc-wkcgU BcKkb wewagvjv, 2002, GmAviI bs-255-AvBb/2002/1973/ |


wewfb LvZ Nyli Zzjbvg~jK Aev RvbZ `Lyb cwiwk 3.5 `e|

15

Zzjbvg~jK Nyl c`vbi nvi `Lvbv nqQ|26D cheY `Lv hvq, PMvg e`i cY Avg`vwb ev ivwb KiZ wKQy
wKQy LvZ cvq GKB wQj Avevi Kvb Kvb LvZ ewk wQj| ejv hvq, cY Avg`vwb ivwbi cZK chvqB Nyl ev
eLwkm ^vfvweK wbqgi gZB cwZwZ wQj|
2006 mvj PMvg e`i 440982 wUBDm Avg`vwb I 435204 wUBDm ivwb cY cwievwnZ nq| PMvg e`i 20
dzU KUBbvi Avg`vwb KiZ Mo 13500 UvKv Ges ivbx cYi Mo 8000 UvKv Nyl ev eKwkk w`Z nq| G
wnme 2006 mvj PMvg e`i Avg`vwb LvZ 595 KvwU 32 j 57 nvRvi UvKv I ivwb LvZ 348 KvwU 16
j 32 nvRvi UvKv A_vr PMvg e`i I Kvgm Avg`vwb-ivwb LvZ gvU 943 KvwU 48 j 89 nvRvi UvKv Nyl
jb`b nq| GQvov e`i wewfb mivg q, givgZ I iYveY, b`x WwRs mn wewfb DbqY cK `ybxwZ
msNwUZ nq|
KbRkb mvi-PvR I iU ivikb PvRi bvg A_ AcPq
PMvg e`i 2006 mvji 5 Ryb _K 15 m^i ch KbRkb mvi PvRi bvg wkwcs Kvvbx
Avg`vwbKviKi KvQ _K wkwcs GRUi gvag KUBbvi cwZ 130 Wjvi Av`vq Ki| D mgq gvU Avg`vwb
nq 1,33,356 wUBBDm (20 dzU KUBbvi)| dj mvi-PvRi bvg 1,73,36,280 Wjvi Av`vq Kiv nq| mvi-PvR
e nevi ci 2007 mvji Rvbyqvwi _K gvP ch wkwcs Kvvwbjv iU ivikb PvRi bvg 20 dzU
KUBbvi cwZ 200 Wjvi Ki Av`vq Ki| D mgq PMvg e`i gvU Avg`vwb nq 1,15,412 wUBBDm (20 dzU
KUBbvi)| m wnme iU ivikbi bvg gvU 2,30,82,400 Wjvi Av`vq nq| A_vr cvq 6 gvm mvi-PvR I
iU ivikbi bvg gvU 4 KvwU 4 j 18 nvRvi 680 Wjvi ev 274 KvwU 84 j 70 nvRvi 240 UvKv
Avg`vwbKviK`i KvQ _K wkwcs Kvvbxjv Av`vq KiQ| Dciv mvi-PvR I iU ivikb PvR eZgvb
e iqQ|
WK kwgK eevcbvi f~qv kwgKi bvg A_ AcPq/AvZmvr
WK kwgK cwiPvjbv evWi A`Zv, ^QvPvwiZv I `ybxwZi KviY 57 eQi Ea GgbwK 79 eQi eqmi WK kwgK
bw_c KgiZ AvQb, hv`i AbKB 28 deqvwi 2007 ZvwiLI mekl gRywi MnY Kib| GiKg kwgKi
msLv 400 RbiI ewk| f~qv kwgKi bvg ev e`wj kwgK`i KvW eemvi gvag eQi cvq 35 KvwUi AcPq
A_ev AvZmvr nq, hvi mv_ RwoZ GKwU msNe P|
Aeafve wewfb PvRi bvg Puv`vevwR
PMvg P^vi Ae Kgvm c~e GjGgwW bvg cwZ KbUBbvi eve` GK nvRvi UvKv Av`vq KiZ, dBU diIqvWviMY
Abvcw mb`c c`vb Ki Aea UvKv MnY KiZ, cvbvgv UvK v Aeafve e`i GjvKvq ceki mgq MBU
cvm c`vbi bvg cwZ UvK nZ Uvj msMn KiZ| GZ Avg`vwb eq ew cZ; hv eZgvb h_evwnbx I mswk-
KZc wbwl NvlYv KiQb|
ejv hvq, PMvg e`i Nyl ev eKwkm GKwU ^vfvweK evcvi I wbqg cwiYZ nqwQj| mevB aiB wbqwQj, Nyl ev
eKwkm Qvov cY Avg`vwb ev ivwb Kiv me bq| G myhvM wKQy Amr eemvqx wg_v NvlYv w`q cY Avg`vwb KiZ
dj miKvii wecyj ivR^ wZi cvkvcvwk `ki wbivcv eev I gwKi myxb nq| Kbbv hw` Kvbv eemvqx
wcGmAvB msv, I e`i KZcK Nyli wewbgq Zv`i hvMmvRk A Avg`vwb Ki m Kivi wKQyB
_vKbv| PMvg e`i hLvb vbvi gwkb bB Ges Z`viwK I Revew`wnZv AZ bvRyK mLvb me wKQyB Kiv
me|

26

cwiwk 3.6 `e|

16

Aavq Pvi
PMvg e`i I Kvgm `ybxwZ: KviY - cfve wek- lY

PMvg e`ii gvag cY Avg`vwb-ivwb KiZ eemvqx _K i Ki GB cwqvq mswk- ewiv h


ckvmwbK RwUjZv I nqivwbZ cob Zv _K Dvi cZ Zviv weK c_ wnmve eQ bq AwbqgZvwK
DcvqK| GB nqivwbi KviY AvR PMvg e`i eevcbvi Dci Avv nvwiq djQ| bZzb wewbqvM nevi
mKj mvebv _vKvi ciI aygv e`ii Aeevcbv I Awbqgi KviY e`ii mybvgnvwbi cvkvcvwk `kxq
A_bxwZ wZMnQ Ges Av_-mvgvwRK DbqbK evnZ KiQ| PMvg e`i I Kvgmi cavb
mgmvjvnQ:
` I chv Rbeji Afve
vbvi gwkb, wmwmwUwf Kvgivmn Abvb hcvwZi AchvZvi KviY wbivcv eevi `yejZv
Kvgm I e`ii `xN Ges RwUj cwqv
Kvgm Ges e`ii KgKZv-KgPvix`i ^QvPvwiZv I Revew`wnZvi Afve
Kvgm Ges e`ii KgKZv-KgPvix`i `vwqZ Aenjv
e`i I Kvgmi AtwefvM I AvtwefvM mg^qnxbZv
gvbyqvj cwZZ KvR
ivRbwZK cfve
mwVK cwiKbvi Afve
A` I A^Q cvKRvnvRxKiY cwi`kb eev
A~Y I `yej KwDUvivqb eev
` I chv KgKZvi Afve
e`i I Kvgm ` Rbeji Afve iqQ| PMvg e`i cvq kZKiv 32 fvM c` k~Y wQj| PMvg
Kvgm `i 2007 mvji gvP ch Abygvw`Z c`i wecixZ kZKiv cvq 33 fvM k~b wQj| GQvov
GcBRvi I wcwcvj GcBRvi c` cqvRbi Zzjbvq KgiZ Rbej Kg _vKvq GKw`K hgb Avg`vwbKZ
I ivwb cYi GcBRgU I GmmgU KvR wejw^Z nQ, Abw`K Avg`vwb GmmgU Gi mv_ RwoZ
AmsL Awbb/wePvivaxb ixU gvgjv, wewfb wcGmAvB msvi wei `vqiKZ AmsL Awbb gvgjv,
AwWU Avcwmn wewfb KviY m `vwebvgv I eKqv ivR^i AmsL Awbb Km, Awbb widv Ave`b I
GmwmwW Km- BZvw` welq h_vmgh KvhKi eev bqv hvQ bv| Dj- L Gme KgKv wbwZ hZv
wej^ ne Gi mv_ RwoZ miKvwi ivR^i SuywKewmn Kvgm Gi cvwZvwbK `Zv I fveg~wZ nvm cve|
Avevi AwaKvsk Kvgm& KgKZvi mswk- welq cv_wgK vb I `Zvi cP Afve iqQ| AbKi
KwDUvi vb Avkvbyic bq| eZgvb chywwbfi cwiek `Zvi mv_ Kvhg cwiPvjbv Kivi Rb h
AvaywbK vb I AwfZv mb ` Rbej `iKvi PMvg Kvg wefvMi weklZ wbevnx chvq Zv bB
ejjB Pj| GLvb c_g I wZxq kYxi bb-KvWvi wbevnx KgKZv`i AbKiB msvi cewZZ
cwieZbkxj bZzb I AvayywbK cvwZvwbK vb I AwfZv bv _vKvq Avg`vwbKZ cYi GBPGm KvW Abyhvqx
cY Ges wcGmAvB Gi cZvwqZ CRF mn Avg`vwb I ivwb `wjjvw` h_vh_fve I `ZZvi mv_ hvPvB
Ki ASYCUDA++ Z cY Pvjvb `Z GmmgU KiZ cvib bv| Zuv`i AbKB wmGGd
GRU`i cZ mnhvwMZv eZxZ Avg`vwb ivwb `wjjvw` hvPvB Ges ewnivMZ jvKi mvnvh eZxZ
ASYCUDA++ mdUIqvi wfwK KwDUvi cwiPvjbv KiZ cvib bv28| A_P eZgvb mdUIqviwfwK
28

PMvg Kvgm nvDmi GK EaZb KgKZv MelKi mv_ mvvrKvi Dciv ge Kib| G `i KZK cwiPvwjZ GK mgxvq
ASYCUDA++System G Avg`vwbKZ cYi GmmgU Kivi `vwqZ cv GcBRvi I wcwcvj GcBRvi`i AwaKvskB
ASYCUDA++System ^Zt~Zfve I ^vQ` eenvi KiZ cvib bv ejI wZwb bvg bv cKvk Kivi kZ ge Kib|

17

GmmgU Kiv Qvov wZxq Kvb weK bB| Gi KviY wnme weMZ `y`kKiI ewk mgq ai Kvgm Gi
gwjK chvq wbqvM e _vKv, wgwbwqvj I wmcvB nZ bb-KvWvi wbevnx c` c`vbwZ `qv, gywRebMi
KgPvix I D KgPvix kxlK weavbi AvIZvq Kvgm wefvM wbqvM `vb Ges mevcwi wkv I cwkYMZ
hvMZv, eqm, wbv, KgZrciZv BZvw` welq weePbvq bv wbq wbqvM `qv I h_vh_ msLvq c`vqb bv Kiv
- BZvw` Dj- L Kiv hvq|
k~Y c` _vKvq m RwUjZv I mgmvmg~n:
e`i iwZ gvjvgvj hvZ Aeafve e`i nZ evBi hZ bv cvi Zv wbwZ Kiv hvq bv;
Avg`vwb ivwb msv mev wejw^Z nq,
ivR^ SzuwK evoQ
PMvg e`i AvMZ cwZwU RvnvR mvewYK evwWs Awdmvi bv _vKv,
ivwb cY NvlYv Z_v GmmgU Abyhvqx KUBbvi jvwWs Kivi ci mxjMvjv KiYi Rb
cqvRbxq msLK wcfwUf Awdmvi c`vqb Kiv hvQ bv|
KgKZvi Afve FCL Container G Avg`vwbKZ cY KUBbvi nZ AvbjvwWs Gi mgq D cY
GmmW WKygUm Abyhvqx AvQ wKbv- Zv h_vh_fve hvPvB Kiv hvq bv|
vbvi gwkb bv _vKv
PMvg e`i GLbI Kvb Kvbvi gwkb bB| mvaviYfve Avg`vwb evwYR 15-20% cY Pvjvbi
wewfb aibi wg_v NvlYvi ceYZv AvQ ej AvRvwZK I RvZxqfve aviYv| mLvb PMvg Kvgm
KZci c vbvi gwkb Qvov SuywK gvKvejv Kiv me bq| vbvi Ges ` Rbejwenxb GKwU `yej
cwiek Avg`vwb-ivwb evwYRi mv_ mivmwi m Abvb KnvjWvi (hvi ga wcGmAvB GRw,
evsK, Avg`vwbKviK/ivwbKviK, e`i KZc, wkwcs GRU, wmGGd GRU Dj- LhvM) wewfb Kkj
wewfb aiYi RvwjqvwZ/Awbqgi Avkq wbQ| eZ Ggb cwiekK ^Q, `, ivR^ I evwYReve cwiek
wnmve AvLvwqZ Kiv hvq bv| PMvg e`ii gZ AwZ iZc~Y miKvwi vcbvq GLb ch wmwmwUwf
Kvgiv bB| Avevi ewnbvOi KvMvW mn Abvb wbivcv evwnbxi AchvZv ev A`Zvi KviY gvS
gaB RvnvR Pzwii NUbv NUQ|
AvgjvZvwK RwUjZv
mev c`vbKvix cwZvb njI e`ii KvRKgi MwZ axi| GKwU wmv bIqvi Rb GKwU dvBjK eevi
e Uwej NyiZ nq| h Kvbv Awbqgi wei kvwg~jK eevi wmv wbZ XvKvq mswk- gYvjq
`ovZ nq| e`i Pqvigvb Ges evW h-me wmv bq Zv AwaKvsk gZvgZ gv| ZvB ewkifvM
B Kvbv kvwg~jK eev bqv ev e`ii DbwZi Rb Kvbv c`c bqv e`i KZci viv me
nq DV bv| e`i Znwej AbK UvKv _vKv mI e`ii mvweK cwiPvjbvq `Zv I MwZkxjZv evovZ
AvaywbKvqbi Rb cwZMZ bvbv RwUjZvi KviY Kvbv cK Abygv`b I evevqb nQ bv |
Kvgm I e`ii `xN Ges RwUj cwqv
cY Lvjvm cwqvq GKwU WKygUK Avg`vwb 26wU Ges ivwb 13wU avc cvi nq AvmZ nq,
Ges cZK avcB Awbevhfve nqivwbi wkKvi nZ nq| e`i cY Lvjvm KiZ wMq Kvb Avg`vwbKviK
hLb GZ nqivwbi myLxb nb ZLb Gi _K Dvi cZ ZvK Avkq wbZ nq Nyl/eKwkmi| Nyl c`vb Ges
Abvb RwUjZvi KviY ZvK h cwigvY UvKv eq KiZ nq, cYi `vg evwoq Zv`i KvQ _K,
cieZxZ Zv Av`vq Ki| G myhvM GKwU mymsNe wmwKU evRvi `eg~ji `vg evwoq w`q mvaviY
RbMYi Pig fvMvw KiQ|
Kvgm KgPvix-KgKZv`i ^QvPvwiZv I Revew`wnZvi Afve
e`i I Kvgmi cyiv Kvhg hviv cwiPvjbv KiQb mme KgiZ ew`i KvR h_ cwigvY ^QZv Ges
cyiv cwqvq Zv`i Revew`wnZvi Afvei KviY Zviv ^QvPvwiZv c`kb KiQb| Dci `vlx`i wei
`vg~jK kvw bv _vKvq G mgmv AviI cKU AvKvi aviY KiQ| Kvgm Ges e`ii KgKZvKgPvixiv mvgvb wU-wePzwZi Rb Zv`iK wewfbfve nqivwb Ki| Kvgm KgKZv-KgPvix`i wbavwiZ
cwigvY Nyl bv w`j meB fyj, Avi UvKv w`j Kvbv fyjB fyj bq|

18

Kvgm Ges e`ii KgKZv-KgPvix`i `vwqZ Aenjv


AbK wmGGd GRU Rvbvb h, Kvgm KgKZv-KgPvixiv Awdm wewfb mgq wewfb wgwUsqi K_v ej
Ab KvR e _vKb| AbK Rvbvb h, Awdm PjvKvjxb AbK KgKZv-KgPvix evwMZ KvR evBi
mgq AwZevwnZ Kib| GZ h_vmgq cY wiwjRi evNvZ NU Ges Avg`vwbKviKK Avw_K wZi myLxb
nZ nq| e`i Ges Kvgmi DPc` KgKZviv cY Avg`vwb-ivwbZ Awbqg Ges `ybxwZ e Kvbv
c`c bq bv eis Zviv Zv`i KgKZv-KgPvix`iK Nyl wbZ DrmvwnZ Kib|
e`i I Kvgmi mg^qbnxbZv
e`i Ges Kvgmi KvRi mg^qnxbZvi KviY cY Avg`vwb I ivwbKviK`i cY Lvjvm cwqv `xNvwqZ
nq Ges nqivwb ew cvq dj e`ii ^vfvweK Kvhg evnZ nq| eZgvb mvBd cvIqvi UKK cY
nvwjs Gi cyiv `vwqZ `qvi ciI wkwcs GRU I ivwbKviK`i mv_ Zv`i KvRi mg^qi Afvei
KviY cY Lvjvm cwqv GLbI mfve ^vfvweK MwZ jvf KiZ cvi wb|
gvbyqvj cwZZ KvR
eZgvb hyM hme BKyBcgU Ges chyw _vKj e`i Kvhgi MwZ ew me Zgb eevI GLvb
AbycwZ| PMvg e`i gvbyqvj wmg Kvhg cwiPvjbvi dj KvRi MwZ k- _ nq MQ| GKB fve
PMvg Kvgm nvDm mdUIqviwfwK KwDUvi eev (Asycuda++) GLbI cwic~YZv jvf Kiwb| BKgvm ev AbjvBb evswKs eevi cPjb Kiv nqwb| G aibi RwUjZvi Rb KvRi ^vfvweK MwZ nvm cvQ,
Awbqg Zwi nQ| dj e`i eenviKvwi`i nqivwb ew cvQ|
ivRbwZK cfve
e`i cwiKbv I bxwZ wbaviYi ivRbwZK cfve iZc~Y f~wgKv cvjb Ki| GB cfvei dj myz
cwiKbv I Zvi mwVK evevqb wewNZ nq| PMvg e`i wmweG bZv`i `ivZ GZ ewk h Zviv wewfb
ARynvZ agNUmn e`i APj Ki `evi gwK `q| Avevi eo eo ivRbwZK `jjvI Zv`i GRv mdj
Kivi KvR wmweG bZvmn kwgK`i eenvi Ki| PMvg e`i cvq 30wU kwgK msMVb iqQ| msMVbi
bZZ hviv AvQb Zviv e`ii KvhgK bvbv Kkj wbqb Ki _vKb| GB 30wU msMVbi ga 5wU
nQ PMvg e`ii vqx msMVb| kg AvBb Abyhvqx e`i 3wUi ewk kwgK msMVbi iwRkb cvIqvi
K_v bv _vKjI kg Awa`ii 5wU Qvov Aewk 25wU msMVb kg Awa`dZii mnvqZvq iwRkb wbq
e`i mswk- kwgK msMVb wnmve wewfb mgq Abvq `vwei gyL e`iK wRw Ki ivL|29 e`ii nvwjs
Kvhg cqvRbi AwZwi AbK kwgK AvQ wK Zv`iK ev` w`q Kvb KgKv Pvjvbv hvq bv| RvnvR
_K gvjvgvj Lvjvm Mvs eywKs w`Z nq iwRvW WK kwgK`i ga _K| GKRb m`vii bZZ MwVZ
nq GKwU Mvs| Kvb KvR bv Ki GgbwK e`ii wmxgvbvq DcwZ bv nqI m`viiv eQii ci eQi wbqwgZ
gRywi wbq hvQb| m`vi wnme hviv ZvwjKvfy Zv`i AbKB wmGGd GRw, UvcvU Kvvwb,
jvBUviR RvnvRi gvwjK ev e`i mswk- Abvb eemv cwZvbi gvwjK| gvU bvg AviK iKg kwgK
iqQ| PMvg e`i jvwWs-AvbjvwWs Kvhg cavb f~wgKv cvjb Kib WK kwgK| WK kwgK eevcbv
evWi Aaxb iwRvW WK kwgKi ga _K gvj Lvjvm I RvnvRxKiYi Rb Mvs eywKs `b wwfWviiv|
GB wwfWvi`i GKvwaK iwRvW msMVb cavb `yB ivRbwZK `ji AmsMVb wnme KvR Ki| WK
kwgK`i bZZ h `j `Lj KiZ cvi Zv`i cB ivRbwZK mfv mgvek jvK mgvMg _K i
Ki A_i hvMvbmn AbK wKQyB mnR nq| Giv GZB cfvekvjx h Zviv BQv KijB e`i APj Ki w`Z
cvi| kwgK bZviv KLbI wewfb `vwe Av`vqi bvg, KLbI gRywi ewi bvg, KLbI MvPzwqwU evevqbi
bvg mvaviY kwgK`i Ici wekl Pvu`v Avivc Ki| WK kwgK eevcbv evWi bvg wewfb mgq Awbqgi
AwfhvM DVjI Zv`i wei Kvb kvwg~jK eev wbZ `Lv hvqwb| kwgK msMVbi ga Kvvi
nvR wVKv`vi kwgK BDwbqbi kwgKe` PUMvg e`ii ewnbvOi Acgvb gv`vi fmj _K ev KvMv
AvbjvWi KvR Ki _vK| Zv`i wbqY Kib wVKv`vi mwgwZi bZviv| AwfhvM AvQ, cqvRbi
AwZwi Kvvi nvR kwgK`i KvW Bmy Ki A_ Av`vq Kib| eZgvb cvq AvU nvRvi Kvvi nvR
kwgK KgiZ AvQb| Zv`i bvg cwiPq c Bmyi wewbgq Mo 20 nvRvi UvKv ch Av`vq Ki|
cieZxZ GB KvW Avevi ci Ab kwgKi KvQ KqK j UvKvq wew Kib ev fvov `b| GLvbI
msMVbi bZviv Kwgkb cvb| wVKv`vi mwgwZi bZviv Kvvi nvR kwgK`i wbqY KijI Zv`i
cvwikwgK `q e`i KZc| e`i KZc kwgK`i cvwikwgK mivmwi eywSq bv w`q wVKv`vi`i gvag

29

`wbK hyMvi, 2,3 I 6 gvP 2007|

19

cwikva Ki| GLvbI wVKv`viiv wewfbfve kwgK`i nqivwb I ewZ Ki| ay mvaviY Kvvi kwgK bq,
kwgK BDwbqbfy Abvb kwgKivI cvIbv _K ewZ nb wewfbfve|
mwVK cwiKbvi Afve
e`i KZci Aaxb hme Rwg iqQ Zvi AbK Rwg Aea `Lj`vi`i Aaxb| GB Rwgi mwVK
e`vei Afve e`ii wekvj m`i h_v_ eenvi wbwZ nQ bv| mevcwi bxwZ-wbaviK`i ^cYvw`Z
gbvfvei Afve e`i I Kvgmi mwVK eevcbvi c_ Dj- LhvM Aivq| GQvov e`i GjvKvK
Avg`vwbKviK KZK IqvinvDR wnmve eenvi Kiv I e`ii wfZi Lvwj KUBbvi c Ki ivLv,
AvUKKZ/ALvjvmKZ KvMv ev KUBbvi mgqgZ Lvjvm bv Kiv, b`x WwRs I e`i KZc KZK kvi
nvwjs AcviUi mn Abvb wbqvM miKvwi qbxwZ AbymiY bv Kiv, we`yr wevUi KviY KUBbvi
nvwjs Gi KvR evnZ nIqv, Kvgm nvDRi Rb KUBbvi BqvWi eev bv _vKv, e`ii msiwZ
GjvKvq GdwmGj KUBbvi Lvjvm Kivq cwienb RU mw, AwZwi mviPvR I Abvb AwZwi PvR Av`vq
BZvw` `yej cwiKbvi D`vniY|
Km vwW 1: b`x WwRs G `ybxwZ
PMvg e`i Pvbj b`x WwRs Gi bvg `ybxwZi AwfhvM iqQ| 2001 mvj Uvii gvag Pvbj
WwRsqi KvR cvq gmvm cvwmwdK gwib mvwfm bvgi GKwU cwZvb| `yB eQii Rb cv_wgK Pzw njI
ci Avi Kvb bZzb Uvi Avnvb bv Ki30 mgSvZvi wfwZ AbygwZ wbq KvR Ki hvQ| WwRsKZ
gvwU/evwj cKi KvR eZxZ Ab Kvb KvR eenvi Kiv hve bv A_ev Ab KviI wbKU weq Kiv hve bv
Ges nvBWvMvwd I cyi-Kkj wefvMi gbvbxZ cwZwbwai Zvveavb WwRs KvR mv`b Kivi evaevaKZv
_vKv mI gmvm cvwmwdK gwib mvwfm WwRsKZ mgy`q gvwU cK GjvKvq bv dj 5 bs kZ
cwicxfve e`i cvBjU RwU GjvKvq Ab wew Kivi Rb c Ki ivL| GQvov WwRs wVKv`vi cK
GjvKvq gvwU fivUi ARynvZ `wLq wbavwiZ mgqi Pq AwZwi mgq AbygwZ wbq AwZwi evwj Dvjb
Ki Ab wew KiQ, hv m~Y Aea Ges RvgvbZi UvKv evRqvhvM ej Dj- L Kib PMvg e`ii
Afixb wbixv I cwi`kb wefvM|31 D AwWU cwZe`b gmvm cvwmwdK gwib mvwfm KZK
AbygwZci kZ jsNb Ki KYdzjx b`x nZ WwRsKZ evwj Ab weq Kivi AwfhvMi mZZv cvIqv
MQ ej Dj- L Kiv nq| PMvg e`i KZci nvBWvMvwd wefvM KZK mvf cwZe`b Ges D wefvMi
cwZwbwai Zveavb AbygwZcv ewnivMZ cwZvb KZK KYdzjx b`x nZ, WwRs Gi gvag gvwU/evwj
Dvjbi wbqg AvQ| wK AvjvP gmvm cvwmwdK gwib mvwfm KZK nvBWvMvwd wefvMi wc WwRs mvf cwZe`b Ges D wefvMi Zveavb eZxZ wbR`i BQv gvZveK AcwiKwZfve KY dzjx
b`x nZ evwj Dvjb Kivi dj b`xi Zj`k h_vh_ - vc eRvq bv _vKvi mg~n mvebv iqQ| hvi
djkwZZ KYdzjx b`xi Pvbj cwieZbmn b`xi Zxi f b`xMf wejxb nevi AvksKv iqQ| b`xi
Pvbj cwieZb nj Pvbj iYveYi KvR KZci cPzi A_ eq ne|

30

Avevi AbK mgq Uvi Avnvb Kiv nq miKvwi bxwZgvjv Abymib bv Ki| wevwiZ RvbZ `Lyb AwWU cwZe`b 20052006, AfixY wbixv I cwi`kb wefvM, PMvg e`i KZc, AbyQ` bs 64,cv 74|
31
wevwiZ RvbZ `Lyb, AwWU cwZe`b 2005-2006, AfixY wbixv I cwi`kb wefvM, PMvg e`i KZc, cv 69-70|

20

wP 4.1: PMvg e`i I Kvgm `~bxwZ: KviY I cfve


wek- lY
e`i I Kvgmi
mg^qnxbZv
AvtwefvMxq
mg^qnxbZv

KviY
mg^qnxbZv

cfve
e`ii `Zv nvm

KgPvwi`i ^QZv I
Revew`wnZvi Afve
`vlx`i wei
`vg~jK kvwi
eev bv Kiv

^QvPvwiZv

gvbyqvj wmg
KvR

Turn Around
mgq ew

Nyli AvwaK

` I chv
Rbkwi Afve
zej KwDUvi
eev

`xNm~xZv/
AvgjvZvwK
RwUjZv

Avg`vwb/
ivwbKviK`i
eq ew

A` wcGmAvB
eev

PMvg
e`ii
mybvg zb
Z_v Gi
Dci Abvv
ew|

evRvi `eg~j
ew
ixU gvgjvi AvwaK
vbvi, wmwmwUwf
Kvgivmn Abvb
hcvwZi Afve
ivRbwZK cfve

e`i Rwgi
Aeevcbv

`~ej wbivcv
eev
bxwZwbaviK`i
mw`Qvi Afve

mwVK cwiKbvi
Afve

e`i
eenviKvix`i
nqivwb ew

RvnvR
Rj`myZvi NUbv
ew
21

A` I A^Q cvKRvnvRxKiY cwi`kb eev (PSI System)


wc-wkcgU BcKkb wewagvjv, 2002 Gi wewa 29, Abymvi wc-wkcgU BcKkb (wcGmAvB) cwZ
vbxq chvq cwiexYi j evW feb ev gZ kbmg~n AbwaK cuvP m`mwewk KwgwU
MVbi evaevaKZv AvQ| wK GLb ch K`xq I vbxq cwiexY KwgwU MVb ev Gi Kvhg `Lv
hvqwb| Gi myhvM wbq cvqB wg_v NvlYv w`q cY Avg`vbxi NUbv NUQ| RyjvB 2005-deqvwi 2006
Ges RyjvB 06-deqvwi 2007 ch wmAviGdKZ cY Pvjvbi ga KvwqK cixvq wg_v NvwlZ Pvjvbi
msLv wQj gvU 490wU Ges GB mgq wmAviGd mb`c cixv Ki Kvgm KZc gvU 695wU wg_v
NvlYvi NUbv D`NvUb Ki| Avevi wcGmAvBhvM wK wcGmAvB/wmAviGd bv Ki Avg`vwbKZ cY Pvjvb
Gi msLv RyjvB 06 _K deqvwi 2007 ch wQj 440wU| A` I A^Q wcGmAvB eevi KviY
wg_v NvlYvi dj nvBKvU ixU gvgjv Ges AvcxjvZ UvBeybvj Avcxj gvgjvi msLv Divi ew cvQ|
djkwZZ ivR^ eevcbvq weksLjv mw nQ|
Am~Y I `yej KwDUvi eev
PMvg Kvg nvDm ASYCUDA++ mdUIqviwfwK vqb Kvhg vwcZ KwDUvi eev Am~Y
I `yej| ixU, eKqv, BbWgwbwU e, SuywK eevcbvmn AbK iZc~Y gwWDj bv _vKvq we`gvb KwDUvi
eev KvhKvwiZvi w`K _K GLbv Am~Y| we`gvb G KwDUvi eev ivR^eve Zv bqB eis GUvK
KvjKzjUi wnmve MY Kiv hvq|
PMvg e`ii `ybxwZi cfve wek- lY
PMvg e`ii wewfb Awbqg I mgmvi aib wek- lY Ki h welqjv cwijwZ nq Zvi ga e`i cyiv
KgKvi mv_ RwoZ cwZvbjvi ga mg^qi Afve, KgiZ ew`i ^QvPvwiZv, AvgjvZvwK
RwUjZvi KviY KvR `xN mgqcY, myz cwiKbvi Afve Ges hviv bxwZ wbaviYi KvR RwoZ Zv`i
mw`Qvi Afve weklfve Dj- LhvM| PMvg e`i Awbqg I `ybxwZi dj h bwZevPK cfve ev SuywK
AvmZ cvi Zv SWOT32 wek- lYi gvag wb evLv Kiv nqQ|
e`i KZc I Kvgmi KvRi ga mg^q bv _vKvq Awbqg Divi ew cvQ| Avg`vwb-ivwbi mgq
e`i I Kvgm Dfq RvqMvZB GKwU RwUj I `xN cwqvi ga w`q KvR KiZ nq| cwqv hZ `xN nq
jb`bi avcjvI ZLb gk eo hvq|
AwbqwZ kwgK msMVb e`i Kvhg cwZeKZv I mg^qnxbZv I e`i eenviKvwi`i nqivwb ew Ki|
Gi Rb `vqx Avgv`i A` eevcbv I AcwiKwZ cwiKbv|
e`i KZcK iZc~Y hKvb wmvi Rb gYvjqi AbygwZ I civgki Dci wbfi KiZ nq|
gYvjqKw`K e`i eevcbv cwZ GKwU AvgjvZvwK RwUj cwqv| GZ hgb `xNm~xZv ew cvq
Zgwb ivRbwZKfve cfve wevii myhvM mw nq| dj ZvrwYK wmvi AbK RwUj cwiwwZ
Zwi nq hv e`i eenviKvix`i nqivwb ew Ki| GZ `kx I we`kx wewbqvM gv^q Kg hvQ|
FYvZK cfve coQ `ki mgM A_bxwZi Dci hv KLbB Kvg bq|
Z_ chywi AchvZv GLvb we`gvb| GQvov evsjv`k AfixY hvMvhvM eev GLbI
AeKvVvgvMZfve ek `yej| e`i _K mivmwi cY cwienb myweavI GLvb chv bq| Gme KviY PUMvg
e`iK AvwjK e`i Kivi AvMn Zwi nQ bv|
e`i I Kvgm ckvmb eevq Revew`wnZv bB ej KgiZ ewiv Zv`i KvR h_ ^QZv I
`vwqZkxjZvi cwiPq `b bv| mevcwi ` I cwkwZ Rbeji Afve GLvb cKU| dj e`ii KvhgK
MwZkxj KiZ bZzb cwqvi cPjb Ges cyiv eevK Xj mvRvbv me nQ bv|
Amg `Zv ewi nvi
PMvg e`ii wewfb Awbqg I mgmvi KviY e`ii cyiv Kvhgi Dci cfve co| dj Gi `Zv
geagvb A_bxwZi ewi mv_ Zvj iL PjZ cviQ bv| weMZ eQijvZ e`i KvMv I KUBbvi
nvwjs ewi nvi wek- lY Ki `Lv hvq, ewi nvi wi bv| Kvb Kvb mgq ewi nvi eoQ Avevi Kvb
Kvb mgq ewi nvi wbMvgx| Abvb `ki e`ii Zzjbvq GB e`ii KUBbvi nvwjs AbK Kg|
Dj- L wmsMvcyi e`i 2000 mb 1 KvwU 70 j wUBBDGm KUBbvi nvwjs Ki hv H mgq PMvg
e`ii Pq 37 YiI ewk|
32

cwiwk 4.1 `e|

22

mviwY 4.1: PMvg e`ii `Zv ewi Zzjbvg~jK nvi


mb

gvU Avg`vwb-ivwb
KvMv nvwjs
(Ub)

1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006

KUBbvi
nvwjs
(wUBBDm)
3,45,327
3,92,137
4,56,007
4,86,289
5,26,353
6,24,560
6,88,771
7,83,353
8,76,186

1,96,92,062
2,14,83,820
2,40,84,332
2,46,45,774
2,95,68,425
3,01,39,657

kZKiv ewi nvi33

RvnvRi
msLv

KvMv
nvwjs

1352
1459
1462
1631
1602
1720
1764
1892
1957

8.81
9.10
12.10
2.33
19.97
1.93

KUBbvi
nvwjs

RvnvR

14.93
13.56
16.29
6.64
8.24
18.66
10.28
13.73
11.85

7.91
0.21
11.56
-1.78
7.37
2.56
7.26
3.44

Abw`K 1998 mvj PMvg e`i 1352wU RvnvR bvOi Ki| Gi ci cZK eQi RvnvRi msLv ew
cjI GB ewi nvi mgvb wQj bv| 1999 mvj RvnvR ewi nvi wQj kZKiv 7.91 fvM, 2001 mvj Zv
`uvovq gv 0.21%, 2001 mvj Zv Avevi 11.56% ew cjI 2002 mvj RvnvRi msLv Kg ewi nvi
`uvovq -1.78%| 2003 mvj Avevi 2002 mvji Zzjbvq 7.37% ew cvq, 2004 mvj Zv Avevi Kg
2.56% nq| 2005 mvj 2004 mvji Zzjbvq 7.26% ew cq 2006 mvj Zv Avevi 3.44% G `uvovq|

kZKiv nvi

wP 4.2: PMvg e`i RvnvR ewi kZKiv nvi


14
12
11.56
10
8
7.91
6
4
2
-1.78
0.21
0
-2
-41999
2000
2001
2002

7.37

7.26
3.44

2.56

2003

2004

2005

2006

eQi

Uvb GivD mgq ew


PMvg e`ii RvnvRi Uvb-GivD UvBg Mo 4 w`bi ewk| GB Uvb-GivD mgq weki Abvb e`ii
Zzjbvq AbK ewk| GKw`b ewk e`i Aevb Kij Avg`vwbKviK`i RvnvR cwZ `k-cbi nvRvi Wjvi
fvov w`Z nq, hvi cfve co cYi Dci|
ivR^ nvm
2005-2006 A_ eQii Av`vqi Zzjbvq PjwZ 2006-2007 A_ eQi ivR^ jgvv 21.70% ewk avh
Kiv nqQ| G eQi RyjvB-deqvwi gqv` wbavwiZ jgvvi Pq Av`vq 1437.48 KvwU UvKv ev
17.40% Kg nqQ|34
PMvg e`i KZc 2000-01 A_ eQi cvq 477 KvwU UvKv ivR^ Avq Ki hv ew cq 2005-06 nq
cvq 740 KvwU| D Avq chvjvPbv Ki `Lv hvq, cwZ eQi D Avq abvZK njI 2002-03 A_eQi
D ewi nvi c~ei eQii Zzjbvq 13.0% Kg wQj|
mviwY 4.2 : PMvg e`ii ivR^ Avq-eq

33
34

rv =

X 100, hLvb rv = wbw` mgq ewi nvi,

1 =eZgvb

eQii msLv,

= weMZ eQii msLv

cwiwk 4.2 I 4.2(K) `e|

23

mb

2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06

eq
ivR^ Avq
(KvwU
UvKv);
(miKvwi
(KvwU
KvlvMvi
Pu
v
`v/Aby
`vb I
UvKv)
ewZZ)
302.29
477.01
351.01
531.37
530.66
373.75
557.36
325.60
649.78
319.65
740.42
375.96

D
(KvwU
UvKvq)

D Avq ewi
nvi35 (%)

174.72
180.36
156.91
231.76
330.13
364.46

3.22
-13.00
47.7
42.44
10.40

ixU gvgjvi AvwaK I ivR^ eevcbvq weksLjv


ixU gvgjv AviKwU iZi mgmv| Avg`vwb cYi Dci Kvgm _K Kvb Avcw Rvwbq cY Lvjvm bv
Kij Avg`vwbKviK ZLb GB Avcwi Dci ixU gvgjv Kib| weMZ KqK eQi ai KviY AKviY AbK
Avg`vwbKviK Kvgm welq Av`vjZ gvgjv `vqi Ki AvmQ| g~jZ wcGmAvB msvi cZvwqZ g~jK
ZwKZ Ki gvgjv iRy Kiv nQ| Kvgm nvDRi cqvRbxq cvwZvwbK mgZv bv _vKvq G me gvgjvi
h_vmgq h_vh_ wbw Kiv hvQ bv| 2007 mvji deqvwi ch G aiYi gvgjvi msLv wQj 10,033|

wP 4.3: PUMvg e`i ixU gvgjv msvZ_

ixU gvgjvi msLv

2500

2086

2000

1618

1500

1110

1259

1000
500

1122
808

601
13 88 25 109

276

312

139

124 114 229

19
90
-9
19 1
91
-9
19 2
92
-9
19 3
93
-9
19 4
94
-9
19 5
95
-9
19 6
96
-9
19 7
97
-9
19 8
98
-9
19 9
99
-0
20 0
00
-0
20 1
01
-0
20 2
02
-0
20 3
03
20 04
04
-0
20 5
05
-0
20 6
06
-0
7

Dciv ixU gvgjvi KviY cwZ eQi e- K ev Abv`vqx ivR^i cwigvY ew cvQ| 1990-91 A_ eQi _K
2006-07 A_ eQi ch 10,033 ixU gvgjvi wecixZ e- K ivR^i cwigvY cvq 1233 KvwU UvKv| GZ
ixU gvgjvi fvi bygvb PMvg Kvgm `ii Kvhg wewNZ ne GUvB ^vfvweK| mePq Avhi welq
PMvg Kvgm `ii `bw`b AvBbx Kvhgi evBi cvq `k nvRvi ixU gvgjv gvKvwejvi Rb KgiZ
iqQ 5 Rb KgKZv/KgPvix, hw`I D `i eivKZ c`i msLv 8| 5 Rb KgKZv/KgPvixi ga 1 Rb
Rjv RR mggvbi AvBb KgKZv, 3 Rb Abvb KgKZv I 1 Rb KgPvix iqQ|
Avg`vwbKviKiv AbK mgq wg_v NvlYv w`q cY Avg`vwb Ki _vKj Ges KZc Avg`vwbKviKi
wei kvwg~jK eev bevi D`vM wbj Avg`vwbKviK nvBKvU wiU Ave`b Kib| cPwjZ AvBb
Abyhvqx Avg`vwb cYi g~j welqK Kvb RwUjZv `Lv w`j wefvMi wiwfD KwgwUZ wbwi
weavb AvQ| wiwfD KwgwUZ wbw bv nj Avwcj wefvM wbwi weavb _vKv mI Avg`vwbKviKiv
cvq B wefvMi wiwfD KwgwU ev Avwcj wefvMi kiYvcb bv nq mivmwi nvBKvU wcwUkb `vwLj
Kib|

35

rv =

X 100, hLvb

rv = wbw` mgq D Avq ewi nvi,

1 =eZgvb

eQi D Avq,

= weMZ eQii D Avq

24

nvBKvU cvq B KZci ee bv b GKZidv Avg`vwbKviKi c ivq w`q w`Qb|


G Ave`bKvixiv AbK mgq Am~Y/wg_v Z_ w`q Av`vjZK wev
wiU gvgjv cwiPvjbv Kivi Rb chv
Kib| Avevi wiU wcwUkb Av`vjZi `qv Av`ki ewki fvMB PMvg Kvgm evRU eiv bv _vKvq welqwUK
Gwoq hvb Kvg KZc| Avevi
nvDR Gm cuQvq enwZevi weKvj Ges wZb w`bi ga Av`vjZi ivqi
hjv Kiv nq mjvi cwiPvjbv
eq weK Dcvq gvbR Kiv nq|
Reve Ges cuvP w`bi ga Avg`vwbKviKi NvwlZ g~j Ges wmAviGd g~ji
eeavb evsK MvivwU AvKvi PMvg Kvgm nvDR Rgv w`q cY Qvoi eev --PUMvg Kvg nvDmi GK KgKZv
wUAvwBei cwZwbwai mv_ AvjvcKvj
KiZ KZcK wb`k `b| Av`vjZi ivq hnZz enwZevi weKvj
Gm cQvq Ges cieZx 2 w`b mvvwnK miKvwi QywU KvRB KgKZv`i
c D mgqmxgvi ga Reve ev Av`vjZi ivq Pvj Kivi myhvM _vK bv| KgKZv`i GB
AcviMZvi myhvM iveevi mB cYi Pvjvb GKZidvfve Lvjvm Ki wbq hvb| Aek GB ixU gvgjv
cwiPvjbv Kivi Rb Kvgm nvDRi AvBb wefvMi Avw_K Ges Rbm`iI h_ mxgveZv AvQ|
KvRB we`gvb ixU gvgjvi AvBbx eevcbv Rvi`vi I G aibi gvgjvi Drcwi KviY wPwZ Ki fwelZ
Abyic gvgjv nvm Kivi j AvBb kvLvK GKwU kwkvjx BDwbU wnme Mo Zvjv DwPZ|
mviwY 4.3: A_eQi wfwK ixU gvgjvi msLv I Gi cwZ e- K ivR^i cwigvY
A_ eQi
1990-91
1991-92
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
2005-06
2006-07(gvP ch)
gvU

ixU gvgjvi msLv


13
88
25
109
276
139
1110
1259
601
1122
312
124
114
229
808
1618
2086
10033

e- K ivR^i cwigvY
(KvwU UvKvq)
2.18
7.53
1.91
10.71
44.61
10.66
123.26
129.49
71.99
119.78
33.77
17.66
14.82
18.67
238.32
343.69
43.88
1232.93

25

e`i Rwgi
Aeevcbv

`yej wbivcv eevi KviY RvnvR cvBiwmi NUbv ew


PUMvg e`i w`q `ki 80 fvM Avg`vwb-ivwb nq| GB e`ii wbivcv eev nIqv DwPr AbK DbZ|
e`ii Aeevcbv we`kx RvnvR cvBiwmi gZ NUbvK DrmvwnZ KiQ| GB NUbvjvi m~ ai eZgvb
wek PMvg e`iK BUvibvkbvj gwiUvBg eyiv36 (International Maritime Bureau) wPwZ KiQ
Lye SzuwKc~Y e`i wnme| Zv`i cKvwkZ 2006 mvji cwZe`b gZ, wek 239wU cvBiwmi NUbvi ga
evsjv`k 47wU NUbv NU| GwU weki ga wZxq mevP cvBiwmi NUbv| ewkifvM AvgYB PMvg
e`ii wfZi ev ewnbvOii Avkcvk NUQ| 2003 mvj evsjv`k GiKg NUbvi msLv wQj 40wU,
2004 mvj 9wU, 2005 mvj 19wU| Gi dj RvnvR gvwjKiv PMvg e`i RvnvR cvVvZ wbirmvwnZ
nQ|
wP 4.4 : weki wewfb mgy`& e`i bvOiKvix RvnvR cvBiwmi kZKiv nvi, 2006
B`vbwkqv
21%

Abvb
38%

evsjv`k
20%

ci
4%

ZvbRvwbqv
4%

gvjwkqv
4%

mvgvwjqv
4%

bvBRwiqv
5%

gwiUvBg eyivi wicvU Abyhvqx weki SzuwKc~Y e`i wnmve LvZ PMvg e`ii wbivcv eevK ZZUv DbZ
I Avvc~Y ejv hvq bv| GB KviYwUi RbI e`i eenviKvixiv nqivwbi wkKvi nQb| e`ii Dci Avv
nvwiq bZzb wewbqvMKvixiv nZvk nq wdi hvQ| miKvi wecyj ivR^ Avq _K ewZ nQ| Gi
my`~icmvix cfve `ki RbmvaviYi Rxebhvvi Dci Amnbxq Pvc mw KiQ| hvi cgvY eZgvb
AwwZkxj, AwbqwZ evRvi eev hv Rxebhvvi gvb ewi c_ Aivq nq `uvwoqQ|
Uvb GivD mgq ew I Nyli AvwaKi KviY Avg`vwb-ivwbKviK`i h AwZwi eq enb KiZ nQ Zvi
`vqfvi coQ mvaviY RbMYi Dci| cwZwU Avg`vwb cYi GKK cwZ g~j evwoq fvv`i KvQ _K
Av`vq Kiv nQ GB AwZwi eq| GKwU wmwKU cwiPvjbv KiQ GB m~Y cwqvwU|

36

International Maritime Bureau (IMB) is a specialized division of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC).
The IMB defines Piracy and Armed Robbery as An act of boarding or attempting to board any ship with the
apparent intent to commit theft or any other crime and with the apparent intent or capability to use force in the
furtherance of that act. Armed robbery against ships means any unlawful act of violence or detention or any act of
depredation, or threat thereof, other than an act of piracy, directed against a ship or against persons or property on
board such ship, within a States jurisdiction over such offences. Fore more details, please visit, www.icc-ccs.org or
Anual Report, International Maritime Bureau, UK, January 2007

26

Aavq cuvP
Dbqb I mvebvi c_ PMvg e`i

PMvg e`iwU Ggb GK fMvwjK Aevb AvQ hLvb w`q `wY Gwkqv Z_v mgM Gwkqvi wewfb `ki
Avg`vwb-ivwb evwYR AZ mnR Dcvq I Kg LiP Kiv me| B-Kgvm Ges Ab-jvBb evswKs eevi
cPjb e`ii KvhgK AviI MwZkxj KiZ cvi| mevcwi ivRbwZK cfve KvwUq AvgjvZvwK RwUjZvi
wbimb KiZ cvij e`ii Kvhgi mg^qnxbZv, Awbqg AbKvsk `~i Kiv me|
Dciv c`cjv evevqbi Rb mwVK cwiKbv Ges bxwZwbaviK`i mw`Qv I w`K wb`kbv GKv
AvekK|
PMvg e`ii mvg_ I myhvM
PMvg mgy`& e`i evsjv`ki A_bxwZi wfZK wwZkxj KiZ GKwU mvebvgq fvvi| GB e`ii h `yejZv
I SzuwK iqQ Zv mvg_ I myhvMK37 mwVK cwiKbvi gvag evevwqZ Kiv nj mjv KvwUq IVv me|
evsjv`ki PMvg e`ii fMwjK Aevb `wY Gwkqv Z_v mgM Gwkqvi AbKjv `ki AvtevwYRi
Rb hvMvhvMi myweav w`Z cvi| Z`ycwi GLvb Rbkw myjf ZvB GLvb hw` `wY Gwkqvi AvwjK e`i
cwZv Kiv nq Ze we`kx wewbqvM evoe hv Avgv`i RvZxq A_bxwZZ wwZkxjZv AvbZ mnvqK ne|
eZgvb e`i Ges Kvgmi AeKvVvgvi msvi cqvRb| mB mv_ bZzb chywi mg^q mvabI GKv
`iKvi| KwDUvivBRW eevcbv cwqv Ges AbjvBb evswKs eev cPjbi dj Z_i Aeva cevn mw
me| GZ `ybxwZ hgb Kge Zgwb Kg hve e`i eenviKvwi`i nqivwb|
e`ii KvhgZv ew KiZ wMq emiKvwiKiYi aviYv Zwi nqQ| BZvga KUBbvi nvwjs Gi cyiv
`vwqZ GKwU emiKvwi cwZvbK PzwwfwKfve `qv nqQ| GB GKwU gv cwZvb KvRwU KiQ wK Gi
cvkvcvwk Ab Kvb cwZvb hw` cwZhvMx wnme bv _vK Ze e`i cybivq GKQ gZv mwi mvebv
_vKe|
evsjv`k GKwU Avg`vwb wbfi `k| GLvb ivwbRvZ cYi msLv AbK mxwgZ| ZviciI GLvb Mo DVQ
cPzi wk KviLvbv| PMvg e`i nQ GB wk evwYRi cmvii AbZg gvag A_vr Avg`vwb-ivwbi
Dj- LhvM c_| `ki kZKiv 80 fvM Avg`vwb-ivwb GB e`ii gvagB nq _vK| myZivs `ki ivR^
Avq GLvb _K ew Kiv me| GZ `vZv`i Dci wbfikxjZvB ay Kge bv eis `kxq wewbqvMKvwi`iKI
bZzb wewbqvM DrmvwnZ Kiv ne|
PMvg e`i Zvi wbR^ A_vqb PjZ mg Ges wbD gywis KUBbvi Uvwgbvji gZ GKwU Dbqb cKi
A_vqbI wbR^ Znwej _K nqQ| myZivs bZzb Z_ chywi cPjbi mv_ mv_ eZgvb evwYR Pvwn`v c~iYi
j AviI bZzb Dbqb cK A_ eiv e`ii Avq _K `qv me|
37

cwiwk 4.1 `e|

27

evsjv`k MYZvwK `k njI ivRbxwZi cfve ckvmb _K i Ki mKj i AZ my Ges


Rvivjv| GB cfve ewki fvM B mw Ki gZvi Aceenvi ev `ybxwZi| Avi gZvi Aceenvii
myhvM ZLbB _vK hLb mvaviY gvbyli KvQ Z_ _vK bv| GB Z_i mnRjfZv wbwZ KiZ nj e`ii
bZzb Z_chywi cPjbi Kvb weK bB| gvbyqvj, RwUj, `xNvwqZ cwqvK mnRZi KiZ cvij
eenviKvwi`i nqivwb Kge Ges ivRbwZK cfveK nvm Kivi evav `~i Kiv me ne| GQvov e`i
Kvhg jvjW cwZZ wKQy wKQy Ask emiKvwiKiY cwqv mwVKfve cwiPvwjZ KiZ cvij mLvb
cwZhvwMZvi gbvfve Zwi ne ivRbwZK cfve LvwUq gZv `Lvbvi myhvM Kg hve|
PMvg e`ii AeKvVvgv, eevcbv Ges chywMZ Dbqb Ges ewnwek evsjv`kx cYi Pvwn`v Zwi nj GB
e`i I ivwb evwYR _K `ki h Avq ne Zvi dj Ab ivi mvnvhi cwZ wbfikxjZv AbKvsk
Kgvbv me|
bZzb Dbqb cK cwiKbv MnY Ki PMvg e`ii myhvM-myweav ew me| GZ Ki `kx I we`kx
wewbqvMKvwiiv bZzb wewbqvM DrmvwnZ ne| `wY Gwkqvi AvwjK e`i cwZvi mvebv mw ne| dj
evsjv`ki Dci eZgvb AvRvwZK chvq hme Pvc Zwi nQ Zv wbimb Kiv me ne|
wewUk kvmbvgj _KB PMvg wQj evsjv`k, Di-c~e fviZ I gvqvbgvii evwYRi mnR I myjf gvag|
mgy`& I ij c_i gvag cY mvgMx evsjv`kmn GB `yB `ki KvQ cQ hZ| Avevi Gme vb _K
ivwbRvZ cY GB mgy`& e`i w`qB ewnwek hZ| PMvg e`ii GB myweavRbK Aevb GLbI iqQ| KviY
Km vwW-2: h_ evwnbxi Kov bRi`vixZ e`j MQ PMvg e`ii Nyl jb`bi cwZ
wPivPwiZ Nyl jb`bi h Qwe PMvg e`i I Kvg nvDm cwZw`b `Lv hZ Zv 11 Rvbyqvix 2007 bZzb ZveavqK
miKvii gZv MnY I `k Riwi Aev NvlYvi ci cv hZ _vK| `ybx wZevR-NylLvi`i aiZ wewfb cqU
Kov bRi`vix I Mvq`v duv` cvZv nq| Kvgmi Pvi KgPvix Nyli UvKvmn mcwZ AvUK Ges e`ii wZb AcviUi
Ges wZb kxl wmweG bZv h_ evwnbx KZK MdZvii ci AbivI mZK nq hvq| c~e e`i Kvgmi KgKZv KgPvix`i ga hviv mivmwi Nyl-`ybxwZi m RwoZ wQjb Zviv Lvwj evM wbq Awdm Gm Nyli UvKv fwZ evM wbq
evmvq hZb ej AbK ge Kib| mcwZ KgKZv-KgPvix`i cKU GgbwK Uweji WqviI Zj- vwk Kiv nQ|
26 deqvwi 2007 PMvg e`i KZci cwienY cwiPvjK ^vwiZ GK mvKyjvii gvag Nyli jb`b bv Kivi Rb
ejv nqQ| h_ evwnbxi ZrciZvi KviY mivmwi Nyl jb`bi wP cv MjI e`i GjvKvi evBi GRU/cwZwbwai
gvag GLbI cwZwbwa`i gvag Nyl jb`b nQ Avi GRU`i nvZ Pvwn`vgZv Nyli UvKv bv w`j bvbv ARynvZ
dvBj AvUK `qv nQ|

28

wP :- 5.1 PUMvg e`ii Dbqbi iciLv


mvg_
fMvwjK
Aevb

Rbkwi
mnRjfZv

myhvM
`wY Gwkqvi
AvwjK e`i
cwZvi mvebv

KwDUvivBRW
e`i eevcbv
evwYRKiY cwqv
I Online
Banking

AeKvVvgv I
gwjK
msvi

mvebv

Z_i Aeva
cevni gvag
nqivwb e

AvaywbK, `

I
AvRvwZK

gvbmb
mgy` e`i

ivR^ Avq ew
ewnwek
evsjv`kx
cYi Pvwn`v
Zwi

e`wkK
mvnvh gy
A_bxwZ

`kxq I we`kx
wewbqvMKvix`i
AvMn ew

e`i KZK
A_vqb

bZzb Dbqb
cK cwiKbv
MnY

29

PMvg e`i Kg` Kivi j MnxZ Pjgvb Dbqb cKmg~n


wbD-gywis KUBbvi Uvwgbvj
GB cKi Dk nQ e`ii wbDgywis GjvKvq 1000 wgUvi ev_mn 22 ni RvqMv Ryo weK myweav eev
Zwi Kiv| GB cKi Abygvw`Z AvbygvwbK eq aiv nqQ 503.83 KvwU UvKv hv e`i KZci wbR^
A_vqb PjQ| Pvqbv nvievi Bwwbqvwis Kvvwb (Mc) GB cKi vcbvi KvRwU KiQ| GB KvR wWm^i
2007 Gi ga mb nIqvi mvebv AvQ| wWm^i 2006 ch Gi 83 kZvsk KvR mgv nqQ|
UvwgbvjwUi KvR kl nj PMvg e`i evrmwiK 5 jvL wUBBDGm KUBbvi nvwjs me ne|
KYdzwj b`xi Dci weR Kivi j b`x _K evjy Dvjbi Rb WwRs cK
GB cKi AvbygvwbK eq aiv nqQ 255.30 KvwU UvKv hvi ga 74 KvwU UvKv Japan DEBT
Cancellation Fund _K A_vqb Kiv nQ| eyqUi weAviwUwm GB cKi KbmvjUU wnmve KvR KiQ|
cKwU Ryb 2008 Gi ga kl ne ej Avkv Kiv hvq| cKi KvR kl nj KYdywj b`xZ mgy`Mvgx I
AvixY RvnvR PjvPj AviI myMg ne|
Chittagong Port Trade Facilitation cK
GB cKi Dk nPQ e`ii KUBbvi Uvwgbvji aviYgZv ew Ges GK AvRvwZK e`i wbivcv I
cwiekMZ gvb` DbxZ Kiv| GwWwe G cK A_vqb KiQ| G cK 3wU g~j Ask iqQ- PUMvg e`ii
evwYR myweav, Kvgm nvDR Ges moK I Rbc_ wefvM| cKi gvU eq 225.8628 KvwU UvKv Ges e`ii
evwYR myweav Ask 76.6054 KvwU UvKv| 2004-2005 mvj i nIqv GB cKi KvR 2008-2009 mvj
bvMv` kl ne|
MvRxcyi axivkg ijIq kbi KvQ KUBbvi wWcv wbgvYi Rb mveZv hvPvB cK
GB cKi g~j Dk nPQ KUBbvi cwienb myweavi mveZv hvPvB Ki axivkg KUBbvi wWcv wbgvY|
GZ KUBbvi nvwjs cwigvY ew cve Ges chv myhvMmyweav w`q XvKv-PMvg cwienb KwiWvi KUBbvi
PjvPj AviI ` I KvhKwi ne| Gi Abygvw`Z AvbygvwbK eq 4.3604 KvwU UvKv hvi ga 3.6979 KvwU
UvKv A_vqb KiQ IDA Ges 0.66 KvwU UvKv e`i KZc w`Q| cKwU GLbI PjQ|
e`i `Zv Dbqb cwiKbv cK
GB cKi Dk nQ e`ii `Zv ewi Rb e`i KZc I KvgmK mnvqZv Kiv, Kgx`i `Zv ewi
Rb gvbe m` Dbqb cwiKbv MnY, cybMwVZ eev evevqb e`i KZc I Z_ eevcbv wefvMK
mvnvh Kiv, KkjMZ cwiKbv cYqb I evevqb mnvqZv c`vb Ges Port Services Improvement
Committee (PSIC) MVb I cwiwPZKiY mvnvh Kiv| AvbygvwbK cK eq 371.20 jvL UvKv| GwWwe
294.40 jvL UvKv Ges e`i KZc 76.40 jvL UvKv eiv w`Q| cKwU 2007 Gi wWm^i mgv ne|
Mfxi mgy`& e`i vcb Techno-Economic Feasibility Study cK
G cKi gvag evsjv`ki Mfxi mgy` e`i vcbi Rb mveZv hvPvB Kiv ne| chywMZ, mvgvwRK,
A_bwZK mvg_i wfwZ Mfxi mgy` e`ii Aevb, myhvM, AeKvVvgv I mev`vbi Rb cqvRbxq weeiY
Zwi Kiv ne| GLvb AvbyvwbK eq wewfb chvq aiv nqQ&| c_g chvq (5-15 eQi), gaeZx chvq (15-30
eQi) Ges `xN chvq (30-50 eQi)| GB cKi KvR i nqQ 2006 mvji 10 AvM Ges cK Dc`v
Gi cviwK wicvU 2006 Gi m^i Ges vb wbevPb wicvU 2007 Gi RvbyqvixZ w`qQb|

30

PMvg e`ii mvcwZK Dbqb


PMvg mgy` e`ii Kvhgi mvweK gvb Dbqbi Rb eZgvb ZveavqK miKvii mw`Qv I h_ evwnbx
gvZvqbi i _KB Uvdvm we -Gi ZZveavb wewfb c`c MnY Kiv nq| Gme Kvhgi msw
chvjvPbv Kiv nqQ|
e`ii Afi KUBbviRU, hvbRU wbimb I hvMvhvM eevi DbwZ
KbUBbvi nvi: mKj Lvwj KUBbvi ivZi gaB vbvii eev MnY Kiv nqQ| Gi dj
AvMi gZ Avg`vwbKZ fiv KUBbvi Lvjvmi KvR cieZx w`bi `ycyi ch e bv iL mKvjB
Avi Kiv me nQ|
Kgjvcyi AvBwmwWZ KUBbvi wkcgU: BZvc~e `wbK Mo `yB wkdU mevP 120 wUBBDm
KUBbvi XvKv nZ Kgjvcyi Uvwgbvj cwievwnZ nZv| eZgvb wZb wkdU DbxZ Kivq cwZw`b Mo
18 wUBBDm cwievwnZ nPQ| GZ e`ii Afi KbUBbvi RU AbKvsk nvm cqQ|
Lvwj KUBbvi emiKvwi wWcvZ vbvi: ivwbi Pq Avg`vwbi cwigvY ewk nIqvi dj Lvwj
KUBbvi e`ii Afi co _vKZv| Gme Lvwj KUBbvi e`ii evBi vbvi Kiv nq| Gi
dj KUBbvi RU nvm cvq|
bqwU cY e`ii evBi Lvjvm : BZvc~e e`ii AfiB Lvjv Mg, Pvj, Wvj, mwilv, Qve, vc,
IqU ccvi, Zzjv I cLv` - G bqwU cY Lvjvm Kiv nZv| G mKj cY Lvjvmi Rb cwZw`b
e`ii Afi AwZwi cvq 1000 UvK I 2000 kwgK cek KiZv| Gi dj e`ii wfZi
Ah_v hvbRUi mw Ges kwgK`i Aeva cek e`ii wbivcv wewNZ nZ| G mgmv `~i Kivi Rb
G bqwU cY eZgvb e`ii evBi wewfb Ad WK Lvjvm Kiv nq| eZgvb e`ii Afi hvbhU
AbKvsk jvNe nqQ| Ze hLvb vbvi gwkb I Kvgmi Rbej ^Zv AvQ m G
aiYi c`c SuywKc~Y|
cvU Gm ivW Dby KiY: cvU Gm ivW MZ wWm^i 2006 gvmB Dby Ki `qv nq hw`I
Zv Dvabi mgq wbavwiZ wQj 2008 mvji wWm^i| ivvwU Dby Kivi dj e`i _K cYevnx
UvK UBjimg~n PMvg kni cek bv KiB Mei Dk hvZvqvZ KiZ mg nQ| knii
hvbRUI G KviY ejvsk Kg MQ|
`xNw`b co _vKv b/cPv Lv`km/`e asm Kvhg: wewfb kW/`vgi `xNw`b ai b/cPv
Lv`/`evw` hgb 26 eQii cyibv ebwZ wN Ges 15 _K 20 eQii cyibv Mg, Pvj, wKmv BZvw`
asm Kivi gvag kWi `Lj Kiv vb Lvwj Kiv nq Ges wewfb Pi gvag Gme cY evBi
eenvii AvksKv `~i nq|
Avg`vwbKviK KZK K cqU nZB GdwmGj msMn KiY: K cqU nZB (RvnvR _K bvgvbvi
mv_ mv_) Avg`vwbKviKMYK Zv`i GdwmGj msMn Kivi AbygwZ c`vb nqQ| BZvc~e mKj
cKvi cY RvnvR _K Lvjvmi ci Zv e`ii wbw` vb gRy` Kiv nZv Ges cieZxZ GKwU `xN
cwqvi gvag Avg`vwbKviKK nvi Kiv nZv| wkwcs jvBmK Kvb cKvi evsK MvivwU ev
PK c`vb QvovB aygv GKwU gyPjKv c c`vb Ki Avg`vwbKviKiv eZgvb GdwmGj wbq hZ
cviQb|
Ad WK AvBwmwWi msLv ew KiY: BZvc~e e`i GjvKvq 12wU Ade WK nvjvi Kvvwbi ga
aygv `yBwU Kvvbx ivbx hvM KbUBbvi vbvii AwaKvi msiY KiwQj| mcwZ AviI
QqwUmn gvU AvUwU Ad WK AvBwmwW nvjvi KvvwbK ivwbhvM KUBbvi vbvii Rb
AbygwZ c`vb Kiv nqQ| GQvovI wewRGgBG, wewUGgBG, PUMvg P^vi Ae Kgvm, BARVBIDA,
wmGGd GvmvwmqkbK wbR eevcbvq AwZmi Ad WK AvBwmwW vcbi wb`k c`vb Ki
nqQ|

31

GbwmwUi ewaZ GjvKv eenvi: KUBbvi nvwjs Gi msLv ewi mv_ mv_ PMvg e`ii KUBbvi
ivLvi Rb chv vbi Afve cwijwZ nq| welqwU miRwgb cheY Ki eZgvb GbwmwUi
cwigvY ew Kivi wmv MnY Kiv nq| D ewaZ vb Lvwj KUBbvi msiY Kij e`i
KUBbvi ivLvi vb AviI ew cve|
kwgK`i `ivZ Kgvbv MnxZ c`c
WK kwgK`i wZb wkdU Pvjy : WK kwgK`i `yB wkdU Gi cwieZ wZb wkdU Pvjy Kivi dj e`i
KvRi MwZkxjZv ejvsk ew cqQ Ges kwgK`i KvRi wkdU Gi msLv 60 nZ 90 G DbxZ
nqQ|
kwgK BDwbqbi AvwacZ Le : kwgK bZv`i Aea nc e Ki e`i KZc KZK kwgK
msv mKj KgKv cwiPvjbv Kiv nQ| aygv h mKj kwgK KvR KiQ Zv`iKB cvwikwgK
(no nork no pay) c`vbi welqwU wbwZ Kiv nqQ| Gi dj wwfWvi`i Aea nc wKQyUv
KgQ|
bvBU wkdU eZb elg `~ixKiY: eZgvb wbqg Abyhvqx WK kwgKiv wZb wkdU KvR KiQ| cwZwU
wkdUi Rb kwgK`i 8 NUv KvR KiZ nq| GKwU wkdU Ges `yBwU bvBU (we I wm) wkdU njI
me wkdUi KvRi cvwikwgK GKB wQj| welqwU cyLvbycyLfve wek- lY Ki we wkdUi eZb
KvVvgv cwieZb Ki mg^q mvab Kiv nq|
kwgK`i Mvs eywKs: Mvs eywKs-Gi eZgvb kwgK msLv nvm Ki hywhy chvq wbq Avmv nqQ|
GZ Ki e`i KZc/Avg`vwbKviK`i AbK A_ mvkq ne| 2007 mvji deqvwi I gvP gvm
wKQy wmv MnYi dj 2006 mvji wWm^i Gi Zzjbvq gvP/2007 G 19.5% Kg Mvs eywKs,
57.43% kwgK Kg eywKs Ges cvq 3 KvwU UvKv Kg LiP nqQ|
wwfWvwisqi gvag cY Lvjvm: eZgvb AvRvwZK gvbi wwfWvwis cwZZ (MvwU b,
UBji, AviwUwR, R c- vwbs KwDUvi UvwKs) cY Lvjvm Kiv nQ, hvZ eq nQ gv 1,200.00
UvKv| c~e GKB KvRi Rb cwZwU KbUBbvi vbvi 4,000.00 UvKv nZ 5,000.00 UvKv eq
nZv| PMvg e`i wwfWvwis c_v wejy Ki ev_ AcviUi wbqvMi bxwZMZ wmv wbqQ
KZc| ev_ AcviUi cwZ Pvjy nj e`i kwgK wbq RwUjZv I Abvb AvbylwK Svgjv AbK
Kg hve| GB eev Iqvb c mvwfmi gZ KvR Kie| ev_ AcviUi ay kwgK w`q RvnvR _K
cY Lvjvm ev evSvBqi KvRB Kie bv GKB mv_ cY mieivni KvRI Zviv GKKfve Kie|
AvcvZZ 52wU wwfWvwis dvgi ga 37wU ev_ AcviUi wnmve Ges 15wU ewnbvOi KvR
Kie|wRwmwei 12wU RwU ev_ Ges ewnbvi wwfWvi`i gvag ev_ AcviwUs nvwjsqi KvR
Pje|
Aeafve wewfb PvR /Uvj Av`vq e
GjGgwW iwnZ KiY: PMvg P^vi Ae Kgvm c~e GjGgwW bvg cwZ KbUBbvi eve` GK nvRvi UvKv
Av`vq KiZv| GZ Avg`vwb eq ew cZ| D cwZvbi mv_ AvjvPbv Ki D PvR iwnZ Kiv
nq|
dBU diIqvW KZK Aea UvKv MnY e NvlYv: dBU diIqvWviMY Abvcw mb`c c`vb Ki
e`i nZ Aea UvKv MnY KiZv hv eZgvb e Kiv nqQ|
mviPvR/iU ivikb PvR : PMvg e`i wkwcs Kvvwb I GRU KZK e`i RUi ARynvZ iU
ivikb PvRi bvg GK wUBBD (20 dzU mvBR) KUBbvii Rb 200 Wjvi Av`vq nZ| GB PvR
Av`vq wbwl NvlYv Kiv nqQ| GQvovI ev cYmvgMx hgb - Mg, wPwb, Pvj, wmgU wKsKvi cfwZ
AfixY KvMv RvnvR jvBUviR cwienY eve` Ub cwZ fvov 315 UvKvi j 250 UvKv avh Kiv
nqQ| GZ Ki Avg`vwb cYi Dci AwZwi PvR nvm cve ej Avkv Kiv hvq|

32

KbUBbvi vbvi PvR cybwbaviY: 20 dzU Ges 40 dzU KUBbvi vbvii Rb Ad WK KUBbvi
nvwjs Kvvwb KZK h_vg AvU I GMvi nvRvi UvKv PvR wbavwiZ wQj| eZgvb GKB gvci
KUBbvi vbvii PvR h_vg 5-6 nvRvi UvKvq cybwbaviY Kiv nqQ|
cY cwienY PvR cybwbaviY: jvBUviR fvmj Gi gvag cYevnx RvnvR nZ cY bvgvbvi nvwjs
PvR Kgvbv nqQ| jvBUviR fvmj KZK cwienY eve` AwZwi fvov Av`vq Kiv nZ| GK
gwUKUb cb cwienYi Rb cKZ c 127 -160 UvKv LiP njI Zv`i KZK cwZUb cb
cwienYi Rb 400 - 500 UvKv Mnb Kiv nZ| D nvi eZgvb cybwbaviY Kiv nhQ| AvaywbK
hcvwZ vcb mI AcqvRbxq kwgK wbqvMi cPjb e Kiv nqQ| eZgvb wVvKv`viiv
^vaxbfve Zv`i BQvgZ h Kvb msLK kwgK wbqvM Ki Zv`i eZb jevi ij 2006 Abyhvqx
cwikva KiQb|
cvbvgv UvK v KZK MnxZ Uvj e Kiv: Aeafve cvbvgv UvK v e`i GjvKvq ceki
mgq MBU cvm c`vbi bvg cwZ UvK nZ Uvj msMn KiZ, hv e Ki `qv nqQ|
e`i MwZ I ^QZv Avbqb
wmwmwUZ Acvikb Kvhg m~Yic cvBfU Kvvwbi wbKU nvi: eZgvb wmwmwUZ MvwU Kx
AcviUi gwkb _vKv mI cqvRbxq mg^qi Afve KbUBbvi nvwjs Gi KvwZ djvdj
ARb Kiv me nqwb| wmj cqU AcviwUs eevi AvIZvq emiKvwi cwZvb mvBd cvIqvi UK
wjwgUWK 7 gvP 2007 _K e`ii weklvwqZ KUBbvi Uvwgbvj (wmwmwU) cwiPvjbvi `vwqZ `qv
nqQ|
Iqvb c mvwfmi cwqv msvi: e`ii Iqvb c mvwfm KUBbvi WwjfvwiZ 2wU avc Kgvbv
nqQ I 2wU c`vqb evwZj Kiv nqQ| Ze cwqvMZ RwUjZv nvm Kivi AviI myhvM iqQ|
e`i BKzBcgU AcviUi`i DcwwZ wbwZ KiY: `xNw`b ai e`i wewfb BKzBcgUi
AcviUiMY mwVK mgq KvR DcwZ bv _K Awbqg Ki AvmwQjv ej Rvbv hvq| cieZxZ
AcviUi`i mgqgZ DcwwZ wbwZ Kivi dj KvRi MwZ ejvsk ew cvq|
wbjvg Kvhgi ^QZv mvab: `xNw`b hver wbjvg viv wmwKUi gvag wU KqK ew weklfve
jvfevb nZv| eZgvb h_ evwnbxi Z`viKwiZ G Kvhg wKQyUv ^QZv Avbqb nqQ ej
cZxqgvb nq| eZgvb cwZgvm mwVK msLK wbjvg AbywZ nQ| GQvov Avg`vwbKviK I eemvqx
KZK cY mvq I wbivc` e`ii wfZi `vgRvZ Kivi ceYZvi dj m KUBbvi RU `~i Kivi
Rb GLb _K Avg`vwbKZ cYmvgMx 45 w`bi e`j 30 w`bi gaB Lvjvm Ki bqvi wmv
bqv nqQ| Ab_vq D cY Kvgm KZc wbjvg Ki `e|
wkwcs jvBbm Awdm Pvjy : kwbevi wkwcs jvBb Awdm Pvjy ivLvi eev MnYmn BUvibU myweav eenvi
Ki Wwjfvwi AWvi c`vbi eev Kiv nqQ| GRb wkwcs jvBbm jvi Awdm e`i we`gvb
Iqvb c mvwfm mUvii mwbKU vbvii eev MnY Kiv nqQ|
RvnvR cY jvwWs-AvbjvwWsqi mgq wbaviY: wmwmwUZ WwiKwenxb wdWvi RvnvRi Avg`vwb-ivwb
KUBbvi 48 NUvi ga Ges Rbvij KvMv ev_ mevP 60 NUvi ga cY jvwWs-AvbjvwWs Gi
wmv bqv nqQ|
dBU divqvWvi I wwfWvi`i Rb bZzb w`K wb`kbv: dBU divqvWvi`i 2wU msMVb
(BUvibvkbvj dBU divqvWvim Ae evsjv`k-Bdve Ges Gmvwmqmb Ae KvMv GRUm Ae
evsjv`k-AvKve) K GKxf~Z Ki bZzb msMVb Gmvwmqmb Ae dBU divqvWvim Ae evsjv`k(evd) Pvjy Ki KwgwU MVbi j wewfb w`K wb`kbv P~ov Kiv nqQ| GRb dBU divqvWvi
m`miv Kvgm nvDRi gvag GbweAvi-Gi KvQ jvBmi Rb Ave`b Kie| G we`kx ev
AvRvwZK wewbqvMcy dBU divqvWvi cwZvb jvBm cvwi Rb 1 KvwU UvKv, h_ gvwjKvbvq

33

50 jvL UvKv Ges vbxq cwZvb 5 jvL UvKv evsK MvivwU `e| GQvov wwfWvwis Gmvwmqkb
cyibv avuPi KvRi cwieZb NwUq GLb _K ev_ AcviUi wnmve KvR Kie|
bZzb KvU Ad UvBg wbaviY: m~Y emiKvwi msv KZK cwiPvwjZ wmwmwUi 3wU ev_B ivwb cY
evSvB KUBbvi RvnvR Zvjvi j GLb _K mKvj 8Uvi ga nvwRi ivLZ ne| KvU Ad
UvBg AwZgKvix KUBbvi ev cY RvnvR jvwWsqi Rb MnxZ ne bv| wmwmwU ev_ Qvov Abvb
15wU ev_ AvMi gZB RvnvR AvMgbi 24 NUv ci KvU Ad UvBg AevnZ _vKe|
MnxZ wmvi djvdj
2006 mvji 5 AvM emiKvwi cwZvb mvBd cvIqvi UK 11-13 bs RwU ch wmwmwUZ PMvg e`ii
eqej I AZvaywbK PviwU Kx MvwU bi gvag KUBbvi nvwjs Gi KvR i KijI Zv aygv gvj
jvwWs-AvbjvwWs Gi ga mxgve wQj| mvBd cvIqvi UKi mv_ Abvb egyLx KZci gvag
Acvikbi KviY mg^qi Afve cKU nq DV| dj PMvg e`i h DkK mvgb iL Kx MvwU bi
Acvikb emiKvwi eevcbvq `qv nqwQj Zv KvwZ mvdj ARb KiZ e_ nq| G cwiwwZ _K
DiYi j eZgvb ZveavqK miKvi GKwU Pzwi gvag AvMvgx 2 eQii Rb wmwmwU-Z fvmj cqU
_K gvj Wwjfvix cqU ch cyiv cvKR Zv`iK `q| mvBd cvIqvi UK MZ 7 gvP 2007 _K G
KvR i KiQ| Uvb GivD mgq Kgvbvi j Ges e`iK MwZkxj KiZ G D`vM bqv nq| Gi dj
wmwmwU-Z eZgvb wwfWvi I WK kwgK c_v DV MQ| GB Kvvwb KZK wbqvMKZ AcviUi I kwgK
viv cyiv KvR PjQ| Ze WK kwgK wnmve hviv iwRvW wQj bv Zv`i ga _K wKQz kwgKK AwfZv I
`Zvi wfwZ KvR wbqvM `qv nqQ|

KUBbvi msLv

wP 5.2: emiKvwi eevcbvq wmj cqU AcviwUs Gi P w`b c~e I


P w`b ci KUBbvi nvwjs Gi ZzjbvgyjK wP
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0

10

11

12

13

14

15

w`b
AvM

ci

Dcii wP wmwmwUZ KUBbvi nvwjs Kvhg emiKvwi eevcbvq wmj cqU Acvikb ii `yB mvn
AvM I cii GKwU Zzjbv Kiv nqQ| wmj cqU Acvikb ii c~e mvBd cvIqvi UK Mo 569
KUBbvi nvwjs KiZ hv wmj cqU Acvikb ii ci `wbK 632 KUBbvi nvwjs KiQ| wP
`Lv hvq, wmj cqU Acvikb ii c~ei Zzjbvq Mo KUBbvi nvwjs ew cjI GB ewi nvi mylg
wQj bv|38 Gi cQb h KviYjv RwoZ mjvi ga ivwb cYi KUBbvii Rb Acv Kiv, we`yr
wevU, BqvW Achv vb, UBjvii AchvZv Ges wwfWvi`i Rb Acv AbZg| wmwmwUZ 20
deqvwi _K 20 gvP 2007 ch aygv ivwb cYi KUBbvii Rb Acv Kivi KviY 4wU Kx-MvwU
bK Mo cwZw`b cvq 33 NUv A_vr 1wU Kx-MvwU bK cvq 8 NUv Ki KvR e ivLZ nqQ|39

38
39

cwiwk 5.1 I 5.1(K) `e


cwiwk 5.2 `e|

34

KwDUvivBRW cwZZ BqvW cwiKbvi KvR cvq kli c_| gvevBj GmGgGm Gi gvag eZgvb BqvW
KUBbvii Aevb Rvbv hvq| eZgvb RvnvR _K gvj AvbjvwWs Kivi mgq nvm cq 12 NUvq AvmjI
ivbx cYi KUBbvi h_vmgq bv Avmvq jvwWs `ix nQ| dj RvnvRi Uvb GivD mgq Lye GKUv nvm
cvqwb|40 ivwbi gvj hw` BqvW h_vmgq bv _vK Zvnj G mgmvi mgvavb me bq| RvnvR _K Wwjfvwi
cqU ch Nyl jb`bi h welqwU c~e wwfWvi _vKvKvjxb jbxq wQj Zv emiKvwi eevcbvq
wmwmwUZ eZgvb wejy|
wP 5.3: wmwmwU emiKvwi eevcbvq wmj AcviwUs cwZ Pvjy nevi ci
RvnvRi gvU bviKvjxb mgq PviwU MvwU bi Kg`Zv (7 gvP 200720 gvP 2007 ch)

Ajm mgq
13%

Acvikb mgq
20%

wejw^Z mgq
67%
eZgvb wmwmwU/GbwmwmwUZ emiKvwi AcviUi`i KvR nQ KUBbvimg~n `vgRvZ GjvKv _K Wwjfvwi
BqvW ch wbq hvIqv| Zv`i `vwqZ nQ RvnvR wmwmwU/ GbwmwUi RwUZ evw_sqi ci WKi Dci I b
PKvii bxP jvwms kwgKi eev Kiv, cqvRbxq gyfvi I UBjvii eev Kiv, emiKvwi AcviUi w`q
Kx-MvwU b, ievi Uvqvi MvwU b Ges vWj Kvwiqvi cwiPvjbv Kiv| A_vr Avg`vwbKZ KUBbvi KxMvwU b w`q bvwgq UBjvii gvag BqvW wbq ievi Uvqvi bi mvnvh BqvW `vgRvZ Kiv| Gici
i nq wmGGd GRU`i KvR| GRUiv Kvgm Avg`vwb cYi AvmmgUi Rb Ges cYi Uv,
fvU I wkwcs GRU`i KvQ _K Wwjfvwi AWvi wbq evsK wd cwikva Kib| GBme PvR cwikvai ci
MU _K Kvgm Gi KvQ _K UvKv cwikvai iwk` bq Ges UvwdK wefvM _K KUBbvi viR wejmn
Abvb wej Zwii Rb e`ii wfZi KvR Kib| GBme KvMR wbq me UvKv evsK cwikva nq Mj
cieZx w`b cY Wwjfvwii KvMRci mv_ GB KvMRjvI hy Kiv nq| Gici UvwdK wefvM, gKvwbKvj
wefvM, gvPU kwgK I gvwS KZK KUBbvi Avbvwds I UvK evSvB Kiv nq| Gme vb KvR KiZ wMq
wmGGd GRU`iK GLbI Nyl ev eKwkk c`vb KiZ nq| Ze emiKvwi Kvvwb hnZz Zv`i m~Y
Kvhg KwDUvi bUIqvKi wfZi wbq AvmQ myZivs Zviv Lye mnR KUBbvii Rb viR wejmn
Abvb wejmg~n cZ
KiZ cvie| Avi GB wej mswk- evsK e`ii GKvDU cwikvai ci KUBbvi
Wwjfvwi BqvW wbq emiKvwi AcviUi KZK wbqvMKZ kwgK Ges Zv`i wbR^ hcvwZ w`q KbmvBwb`i
UvK KUBbvi jvW Ki w`Z cvi| GZ cY Lvjvmi `ybxwZ I nqivwb nvm cve|
wUAvBwe 2004 mvj MelYvi gvag AwZwi kwgK Mvs MVb, WK kwgK I wwfWvwis BDwbqb _K kwgK
bevi evaevaKZvmn G mwKZ mgmvi evcKZv cheYi gvag e`ii cY nvwjs ew Ges LiP nvm
Kivi Rb AwZ Riwi wfwZ G eevi cwieZb Kiv cqvRb ej mycvwik Ki| mcwZ G mgmv `~i Kivi
Dk h mKj kwgK KvR KiQ Zv`iKB cvwikwgK (no work no money) c`vbi welqwU wbwZ Kiv
40

cwiwk 5.3 `e|

35

nqQ| Gi dj wwfWvi`i Aea nc wKQyUv KgQ| GQvov Mvs eywKs-Gi eZgvb kwgK msLv nvm
Ki hywhy chvq wbq Avmv nqQ| Gi dj e`i KZc/Avg`vwbKviKi AbK A_ mvkq ne| Avevi
PMvg e`i wwfWvwis c_v wejy Ki ev_ AcviUi wbqvMi wmv mcwZ KvhKi nevi dj e`i kwgK
wbq RwUjZv I Abvb AvbylwK Svgjv AbK Kg MQ| GB eev Iqvb c mvwfmi gZ KvR Kie| ev_
AcviUi ay kwgK w`q RvnvR _K cY Lvjvm ev evSvBqi KvRB Kie bv GKB mv_ cY mieivni
KvRI Zviv GKKfve Kie|
PMvg e`i cqvRbi AwZwi kwgK wbqvM KiZ eva Kiv nq- G AwfhvMi cwZ 2007 mvji
deqvwi I gvP gvm Mvs eywKs-Gi eZgvb kwgK msLv nvm Ki hywhy chvq wbq Avmv nqQ| dj
2006 mvji wWm^i Gi Zzjbvq 2007 Gi gvP ch Dj- LhvM nvi Mvs I kwgK Kg eywKs nqQ Ges
cvq 3 KvwU UvKv Kg LiP nqQ|
mviYx 5.1: WvDb mvBR Mvs eywKs Pvjy nIqvi ci Mvs, kwgK I gRyixi Zzjbvg~jK wP
mgq
`wbK Mo `wbK
Mo gRywi (KvwU/ UvKvq)
wWm^i 2006-gvP2007
eywKsKZ Mvs eywKsKZ kwgK
mgqKvj gRywii cv_K
msLv
msLv
(KvwU UvKvq)
wWm^i 2006 207.51
2996
4.45
-3.11
gvP 2007
167.03
1276
1.34
GQvov e`i KUBbvi RU wbimbmn ek wKQy RvqMvq kLjv wdi GjI e`i I Kvgm KgKZv-KgPvix`i
KZe Aenjv Ges ^QZv I Revew`wnZvi Afvei KviY Nyl jb`b GLbI wejy nZ cviwb| cv_K ay
GKUvB, h_ evwnbxi KVvi Z`viwK Ges wKQy c`c MnYi dj AvM h jb`b Dbyfve nZ GLb Zv
Mvcb cwZwbwai gvag PjQ| eZgvb ZveavqK miKvi, h_ evwnbxi mnvqZvq h wmvjv wbqQ Zv
wfwZ mvgwqK wKQyUv mydj `Lv hvQ| Ze cwZi cwieZb I gwjK msvii gvag `ybxwZ wbg~j bv Ki
e`ii UKmB Dbqb me bq|
UvY GivD mgq nvm
PMvg e`ii RvnvRi Uvb-GivD UvBg Mo 4 w`bi ewk| GKw`b ewk e`i Aevb Kij
Avg`vwbKviK`i RvnvR cwZ `k-cbi nvRvi Wjvi fvov w`Z nq, hvi cfve co cYi Dci| eZgvb wKQy
hyMvKvix wmvi KviY UvY GivD mgq nvm cZ i KiQ| 2007 mvji deqvwi gvm RvnvRi
UvY GivD mgq wQj cvq 67 NUv, gvP gvm 58 NUv Ges Gwcj gvm Kg 53 NUv A_vr cwZ gvmB UvY
GivD mgq KgQ| G aviv AevnZ iL hw` UvY GivD mgq 24 NUvq Avbv hvq Zvnj eQi cvq 500
KvwU UvKv mvkq Kiv hve; hw` UvY GivD mgq 36 NUvq Kg Avm Zvnj cvq 400 KvwU UvKv mvkq ne
Ges hw` UvY GivD 48 NUvq bg Avm Zvnj cvq 320 KvwU UvKv mvkq ne|

36

Aavq Qq
Dcmsnvi

PMvg e`i evsjv`ki Rb wecyj mvebvi Drm hv RvZxq A_bxwZi GKwU kwkvjx wfw wnme f~wgKv cvjb
KiZ cvi| we`kx mvnvhi Dci wbfikxjZv Kwgq `ki mvgwMK Av_-mvgvwRK DbqbK Kie AviI
eMevb| wK Avg`vwb-ivwb cwqvq PMvg e`i I Kvgm nvDR bvbv Awbqg I nqivwbi gvag Nyl
jb`bi welqwU GKwU AwjwLZ wbqg nq MQ| GB Awbqg cwZiva eZgvb mgqi KvhKi c`c e`ii
mvebvi c_K ck Kie| Ze Gi mv_ cqvRb gwjK msvi| 2004 mvj PMvg e`ii Dci
cwiPvwjZ MelYvq c` mycvwiki mv_ mvgm iL wbP GKwU mycvwikgvjv `qv nj hv evevqb Ki
miKvi PMvg e`iK GKwU AvaywbK I ` e`i wnme cwZwZ KiZ mP ne ej Avkv Kiv hvq|
mycvwikgvjv
1. gvbyqvj cwZi cwieZb Gb AbjvBb e`i I febi Kvhg cwiPvjbv KiZ ne|
GZ e`i I Kvgm KZci ga mg^q ew cve| Avg`vwbKviK-ivwbKviKmn Abvb
mevMnxZv`i fvMvw nvm KiZ hKvb evsKK hv`i Ab-jvBb myweav AvQ Zv`iK
Abygv`b `qv hZ cvi;
2. e`i KZc I gYvjqi ga AvgjvZvwK RwUjZv `yi KiZ cvU A_wiwU Gv 1976
mskvab Ki e`i KZcK ZvrwYKfve mgmv mgvavb wmv bevi gZv ew
KiZ ne;
3. AbwZwej^ e`i I Kvgm Rbej KvVvgv GmmgU Ki k~b c` `, AvaywbK
vbmb Rbej wbqvM KiZ ne| eZgvb Rbej KvVvgv AcZzj| wekl Ki cvBfU
AvBwmwW ew cvevi welq febi Rbeji cqvRbxqZv cixv Ki mvgmZv Avbqb
Riix;
4. PMvg e`ii mevMnxZv, mev`vZv Ges wekl ew`i mg^q GKwU KwgwU MVb Ki
Zv`i mycvwiki gvag Avg`vwb Ges ivwbi ijv Kgvbv DwPZ;
5. PMvg e`iK AZvekKxq mev `vbKvix cwZvb wnme NvlYv Ki mKj cKvi
ivRbwZK KgKv wbwl NvlYv Kiv DwPZ| cqvRb AvBb cYqb Kiv hZ cvi;
6. PMvg e`i Awbqg I `ybxwZi KZcK wRiv Ujvi bxwZ cYqb KiZ ne;
7. `ybxwZceY LvZ I RvZxq A_bxwZZ e`ii iZ weePbv Ki `ybxwZ `gb Kwgkb PMvg
e`i GKwU gwbUwis mj MVb KiZ cvi;
8. evwbwRKxKiYi j jv jW cwZZ e`i cYi jvwWs I Lvjvm Kvhg emiKvwi
eevcbvq `qv DwPZ| Ze G AekB cwZhvwMZv ew I gwRgvwdK gZv nvm Kivi
^v_ KqKwU cwZvbK wbw` mgq Ges kZ Uvi Gi gvag KvR `qv hZ cvi| GZ
cY Avg`vwb-ivwbi RwUjZv nvm cve;
9. e`ii mKj Knvvi`i Z`viwK/Zveavbi Rb wkwcs gwiUvBg KvDwj Gi gZ 10
m`mwewk GKwU ^vqkvwmZ ijUwi ewW _vKZ cvi;
10. e`i ckvmb Xj mvRvZ ne| `ybxwZM e`i Ges Kvgm& Gi KgKZv I KgPvix`iK
wPwZ Ki Zv`i wei `vg~jK kvwi eev MnY Kiv DwPZ| G`i mwi wnmve
wbjB `ybxwZi AbK Z_ ewiq Avme;
11. wbDgywis KUBbvi Uvwgbvji Rb bZzb 3-4wU MvwU b q Ki cvU KZc jvjW
cwZZ KUBbvi Acvikbi `vwqZ cvewjK cwKDigU Gv 2003 AbymiY Ki ^QZvi

37

mv_ 500 wgUvi Ki `yB KvvwbK Pzw wfwK KvR `qv hZ cvi| GZ cwZhvwMZv
ew cvevi mv_ mv_ gwRgvwdK gZv I GKwU cwZvbi Dci wbfiZv Kge;
12. KbUBbvi ivLvi vb ew KiZ `Z AvBwmwWi (Bbjv KbUBbvi wWcv) cwigvY evovZ
ne;
13. gsjv e`i, weAvBWwe- DwUwm, gwib GKvWwg, wkwcs gYvjq _K KgKZv-KgPvix`i
e`wji eev KiZ ne;
14. KYdzwj b`xi gvnbvq cwiKwZ I evcK WwRs cK MnY KiZ ne;
15. evsjv`k bwf I Kv MvWK AviI mymwZ KiZ ne;
16. eemvqx`i Avw_K ^QjZv `L Gjwm Lvjvi welqwUK cvavb `qv Ges evsK Gjwm
Lvjvi mgq wg_v NvlYv w`q cY Avg`vwb iva Avg`vwbKviK`i wVKvbvi mZZv hvPvB
Kivi welqwU iZi mv_ weePbv c~eK cqvRbxq c`c bqv cqvRb| G evsK
Gjwm Lvjvi mgq MvnKi wVKvbv I cwiwPwZ wbwZ nevi welq evsjv`ki evsKi
wb`kbv KVvifve AbymiY KiZ ne;
17. CCTV, VTA System Pvjy mn wbivcv eev ew Ges AbwZwej^ vbvi gwkbi
gvag mKj cYi mZZv wbwZ KiZ ne| Kvgm I e`i KZci mwZ Ges
cZK cYi vwbs cwZe`b Qvov Kvb cY Lvjvm Kiv hve bv;
18. Mxb Pvbj myweavi gvag cvkvKwk cwZvbK h myweav `qv nqQ Zvi Aceenvi
ivaK KZcK wekl SuywK eevcbvi gvag c`c wbZ ne Ges GKB mv_
wewRGgBG, weKGgBGi c _KI wbweo Z`viwK ivLv cqvRb;
19. evsjv`k cPwjZ h GBPGm KvWi Aaxb cYjvZ wekl iqvZi eev AvQ mjv
Avjv`vfve wPwZ Ki ivR^ SuywK wek- lY Kiv DwPZ;
20. h_vh_ ivR^ Av`vqi j wcGmAvB msvi KgKvmn mvgwMK vqb Kvhg wbweofve
cheYi gvag Zv`i wei Awbqgi AwfhvM `ybxwZ `gb Kwgkb ciY evaZvg~jK
Kiv Ges Z`mvc cqvRbxq eev MnY Kiv DwPZ;
21. Kvgm nvDm KvhKi Iqvb c mvwfm Pvjy KiZ ne Ges Kvhgi mv_ mswk-
wewfb `ii ey_ _vKZ ne;
22. e`i I Kvgmi AwWU Kvhg Rvi`vi KiZ ne| hme cY wej Ae GvwU Z bvwUs
nqQ wK cY Lvjvm bqwb ev vqb nqQ wK Ki cwikva Kiwb ev bvwUs B nqwb,
Ggb cY Pvjvbi eZgvb Aev cheYi Rb e`i I Kvgbi h_ AwWU Kvhg
i Kiv DwPZ;
23. wiwfD KwgwU, UvBeybvjmn Kvgm nvDm cws mKj wcGmAvB gvgjvmn ixU gvgjv wbw
Ki 1200 KvwU UvKv e- K ivR^ Av`vqi D`vM bqv DwPZ| G feb, PMvgi
Rb `yBRb wiUBbvi ev AvBb civgkK wbqvM `qv DwPZ
24. `ki AfixY hvMvhvM eevi Dbqb KiZ ne| hgb- mycvi nvBIq (wPUvMvs);
gvIqv mZz vcb, e`ii wfZii ivv ck Kiv BZvw`;
25. Kvgm KZci h_vmgq ALvjvmKZ/ AvUKKZ KUBbvi wbjvgi eev Kiv DwPZ|
26. iji KUBbvi nvwjs gZv ew KiZ ne;
27. jvW kwWs-Gi mgq MvwU b Acvikbi Rb AviI 2.5 gMvIqvUi RbviUi q
Kiv cqvRb;
28. c_g I wZxq kYxi bb-KvWvi wbevnx KgKZv wnmve RvZxq ivR^ evW nZ Kvgm
nvDm c`vqbi mswk- KgKZv`i wkvMZ hvMZv, KwDUvi `Zv, Kvgm
msv welq vb, AwfZv, eqm, Kgwbv BZvw` wekl weePbv Kiv `iKvi|

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