Professional Documents
Culture Documents
f~wgKv
cvmwK K_v
PMvg e`i evsjv`ki RvZxq A_bxwZi cvYK`| evsjv`ki A_bxwZ g~jZ Avg`vwb I ivwb evwYRi Dci
wbfikxj| G e`i e`wkK evwYRi cavb f~wgKv cvjb Ki, Avi Avgv`i A_bxwZi 60 fvM e`wkK
gy`vB AwRZ nq PMvg e`ii gvag cwievwnZ cYi wewbgq| PMvg e`iwU Ggb GK fMvwjK Aevb
AvQ hLvb w`q `wY Gwkqv Z_v mgM Gwkqvi wewfb `ki Avg`vwb-ivwb evwYR AZ mnR Dcvq Kg
LiP Kiv me| GQvov GLvb Rbej cvcZv mnR I myjf| dj Avg`vwb-ivwbKviK`i evwYR LiP AbK
Kg co| Gme KviY PMvg e`iK `wY Gwkqvi AvwjK mgy` e`i wnmve cwZwZ Kivi mvebv AbK
ewk|
wK weMZ eQijvZ GB e`i bvbv Awbqg, `ybxwZ, AvgjvZvwK RwUjZv I RvnvR wbivcvi Afvei KviY
Gi AvRvwZK mybvg zY nqQ; weki AbZg eqej I SzuwKc~Y e`i1 wnme cwiwPwZ jvf KiQ| PMvg
e`i I Kvgmi wKQy `ybxwZM KgKZv-KgPvix, WK kwgK, wmGGd GRU, wkwcs GRU, wwfWvim mKj
kYxi mg^q GKwU Amvay P wRw Ki iLQ e`i eevcbvK| Zv`i ew^v_ PwiZv_ Kivi RbB eni
RvZxq ^v_K ZzQ Ki `ki mybvg Zviv b KiQ| RvZxq A_bxwZi Dci Pvc mw Ki mvaviY RbMYi
fvMvw ew KiQ| mKj `vqfvi enb KiZ nQ `ki Avcvgi RbmvaviYK|
evsjv`k PMvg e`i I Kvgm `i `ybxwZ cvwZvwbKZv jvf KiwQj| mevB ai wbqwQj, GLvb Nyl ev
eKwkk bv w`j Kvb KvR h_vmgq ne bv| GLvb AvBbi kvmb I Revew`wnZv wQj bv ejjB Pj| ivRbwZK
`jjvi QveiY kwgK msMVbjv wbR`i I ivRbwZK `jjvi ^v_ PMvg e`iK wRw Ki iLwQj|
mvgvb AvNvZ jvMjB Zviv eywKs bqv e Ki w`q agNUi gwK w`Z|
2007 mvji Rvbyqvwi gvm `k Riwi Aev Rvwi2 Ges cieZxZ PMvg e`i h_ evwnbxi Kov bRi`vwi I
wewfb MnxZ wmvi KviY gvP gvm _K PMvg e`i `ybxwZ cwiwwZi wKQy DbwZ j Kiv hvq| e`i
eevcbvi YMZ cwieZb wbwZ Kivi Rb eZgvb ZveavqK miKvi ek wKQy KgcwiKbv evevqbi KvR
i KiQb| eZgvb miKvi gZv MnYi ci `ybxwZi AwfhvM e`i I PMvg Kvgmi KwZcq e`wj,
MdZvi, MdZviKZ`i Ges Zv`i x`i bvg evsK GKvDU R, PvKzwi _K mvgwqKfve eiLv Kiv
nqQ| Gi dj AZxZi Awbqg, wekLjvi wKQyUv DbwZmn AvcvZ`wZ cKvk Nyl evwYRi cKvc KgQ
ejv hvq| Ze GLbI e`i I Kvgmi evBi cwZwbwai gvag Nyli jb`b PjQ| mivmwi Nyl jb`bi
cKvc KgjI UKmB Dbqbi Rb Zv chv bq| Gi Rb cqvRb cwZi cwieZb I gwjK msvi|
MelYvi hwKZv
wUAvBwe 2004 mvj PMvg e`ii Dci GKwU WvqvMbwK vwW Ges Zvi wfwZ wewfb mgq GWfvKwm
Kvhg Pvwjq AvmwQj| wUAvBwe 2004 mvj MelYvi gvag Avg`vwb/ivbx cwqvMZ RwUjZv, AwZwi kwgK
Mvs MVb, WK kwgK I wwfWvwis BDwbqb _K kwgK bevi evaevaKZvmn G mwKZ mgmvi ecKZv
cheYi gvag e`ii cY nvwjs ew Ges LiP nvm Kivi Rb AwZ Riwi wfwZ G eevi cwieZb
1
wevwiZ RvbZ `Lyb, BUvibvkbvj gwiUvBg eyiv, evwlK cwZe`b, Rvbyqvwi 2007
AfixY MvjhvM RbMYi Rvbgvji wbivcv I A_bwZK Rxeb wecb Ges wec`i myLxb nIqvq MYcRvZx evsjv`ki
msweavbi 141 K (1), (2), (3), 141 L, 141 M(1), (2), (3)-Gi Dc-AbyQ` ewYZ ivcwZi gZvej gnvgvb ivcwZ AavcK
W. BqvRDwb Avn` 11 Rvbyqvwi, 2007 mv _K `k Riwi Aev Rvwi Kib|
2
Kiv cqvRb ej mycvwik Ki| KZc cwqvMZ I nqivwb wbimb K Iqvb c mvwfm Pvjy Ki wK
MelYv ii c~e gyZ ch ivRbwZK cfvei KviY kwgK msv welqmn Abvb mgmvi mgvavb Zgb
KvhKi Kvb c`c bqwb| djkwZZ PMvg e`i I Kvg nvDmi `ybxwZi wewfb AwfhvM MYgvag
cwZdwjZ nq| eZgvb ZveavqK miKvi `ybxwZi wei k Aevb NvlYv Kivq Ges evsjv`ki A_bxwZZ
PMvg e`ii iZ weePbv Ki cwiwwZi GKwU Zzjbvg~jK wP Dcvcb I cieZxZ mgmvi mgvavb
GWfvKwm Kvhg cwiPvjbvi Dk GB MelYv Kvhg cwiPvwjZ nq|
MelYvi Dk
PMvg mgy` e`ii gvag cY Avg`vwb-ivwb KiZ wewfb Aea jb`bi cKwZ Ges gvv wbicY, `ybxwZi
KviY Abymvb Ges Zv wbimbi Dcvq ei Kivi j GB MelYv cwiPvjbv Kiv nqQ| GB MelYvi mywbw`
Dkjv njv:
2004 I 2006 mvji PMvg e`i `ybxwZi GKwU Zzjbvg~jK wP Dcvcb Kiv;
2007 mvj cwiewZZ cwiwwZZ PMvg e`ii Aev chvjvPbv Kiv;
`ybxwZ I Awbqgi KviY I cfve wek- lY Kiv;
PMvg e`i KZci mv_ Abvb Knvvii mK wek- lY Kiv; Ges
PMvg e`ii DbwZK MnxZ Kvhg wek- lYi gvag mycvwik cYqb Kiv|
MelYvi cwZ I Z_i Drm
GB MelYvwU 2004 mvj wUAvBwe cwiPvwjZ PMvg e`i: GKwU WvqvMbwK vwW3 bvgK MelYvi djvAvc|
KvRB 2004 mvji MelYvq eeZ PjKK wfw ai Nyl ev eKwkki cwigvY hvPvB Kiv nqQ| GB MelYvq
Z_ msMn cZ I civ Dfq cwZB eeZ nqQ|
civ Z_i ga iqQ PMvg e`i I PMvg Kvgm nvDm KZci KvQ _K cKvwkZ I AcKvwkZ Z_,
wewfb eB, ce, cwKv Ges mvgwqKx|
cZ Z_i ga AvQ wmGGd, wkwcs GRU, Avg`vwbKviK/ivwbKviK`i KvQ _K cv Z_, cZ
cheY I e`ii mv_ mswk- wewfb ewi mvvrKvi| GB MelYvq 2007 mvji deqvwi _K Gwcj
ch hv`i mvvrKvi bqv nq:
1. PMvg e`ii mveK Pqvigvb, eZgvb Pqvigvb, m`m, cwiPvjKmn wewfb chvqi KgKZv
I KgPvixe`
2. PMvg P^vi Ae Kgvm G BvwR-Gi mfvcwZ Ges cwiPvjK,
3. evsjv`k wkwcs GRU Gvmvwmqkbi mveK Ges eZgvb mfvcwZ Ges m`m,
4. evsjv`k wm G Gd GRU Gvmvwmqkbi mveK Ges eZgvb bZe`,
5. Avg`vwbKviK I ivwbKviK
6. Kvgm nvDm PMvg Gi Kwgkbvi, hyM Kwgkbvimn wewfb chvqi KgKZv I KgPvwie`
7. Uvdvmi KgKZve`
G MelYvq PMvg e`i _K cY wiwjR, vwds Ges Avbvwds, jvwWs-AvbjvwWs Kvhg cheY, cY
wiwjR KiZ Nyli LvZ, cwqv miRwgb cheY Kivi Rb MelK I MelYvi mnhvMxe` PMvg e`ii
wewfb RvqMvq hgb RwU, Iqvb c mvwfm Ges PMvg I Kvgm nvDm GK gvm Ai `yB avc gvU 12 w`b
2004 mvj PMvg e`ii Dci cwiPvwjZ MelYvq e`ii cavb wZb mev MnYKvix h_v: wmGGd GRU, wwfWvwis GRU Ges
wkwcs GRU Gi KvQ _K Z_ msMn Kivi Rb 3wU ckgvjvi gvag 45wU wmGGd GRU, 16wU wkwcs GRU I 10wU wwfWvwis
Kvvwbi Gi KvQ _K Z_ msMn Kiv nq| e`ii cek c_ MBUcvk msMn KiQb Ggb 4k ewi KvQ _KI ckgvjvi
gvag Z_ msMn Kiv nq| GQvov e`ii ek wKQy mevMnxZv I mev`vZv`i mvvrKvi bqv nq|
AwZevwnZ Kib| e`ii Kvhgi mv_ RwoZ wewfb ewi mvvrKvii gvag e`i I Kvgm nvDmi
mvg_, `yejZv, myhvM I SuywK (SWOT) wek- lY Ges `ybxwZi KviY I cfve wek- lY Kiv nqQ|
MelYvi mgqKvj
G MelYvi g~j KvR Kiv nq 2007 Gi deqvwi _K Gwcj Gi ga|
MelYvi mxgveZv
AbK wmGGd GRU, wkwcs GRU, Avg`vwbKviK I ivwbKviK `k Riwi Aev I wbivcvnxbZvi
ARynvZ Z_ w`Z A^xKwZ Rvbvb| Ze AbKB bvg cKvk bv Kivi kZ mvvrKvii gvag Z_ c`vb
Kib|
Gi
Aavq `yB
e`i I Kvg cwiwPwZ
e`i cwiwPwZ
PMvg e`i evsjv`k miKvii wkwcs gYvjqi Aaxb GKwU msv| GB e`i KZci cavb Kvhvewj njv:
e`ii wbqY,
iYveY,
Dbqb I DrKl mvab,
e`ii Afi I e`ii cek c_ chv I KvhKi mev Ges myhvM-myweav c`vb Ges
e`ii Afi RvnvRi PjvPj, evw_s Ges b-c_ wbqY|
e`ii eZgvb Rbej KvVvgv
PMvg e`i KZci cavbi `vwqZ _vKb Pqvigvb| wZwb e`ii cavb wbevnx KgKZv| e`iK GKwU
^vqkvwmZ cwZvb ejv njI cKZ ^vqkvmb GK `qv nqwb| e`ii Pqvigvb gYvjq viv wbqwZ nq
_vKb| Pqvigvb Qvov wZb Rb m`m iqQb| Zuviv njb m`m (Acvikb), m`m (A_) Ges m`m
(Bwwbqvwis)| PMvg e`i KZci Aaxb 16wU wefvM AvQ| cZKwU wefvMi `vwqZ AvQb GKRb KgKZv|
Avevi PviwU fvM wef 16wU wefvMi wZbwUi g~j `vwqZ AvQb GKRb Ki m`m| GKwU wefvMi g~j `vwqZ
AvQb Pqvigvb ^qs| hgb: Pqvigvbi Aaxb AvQ e`ii ckvmb, mwPevjq, UvwdK, cwiKbv, wbivcv Ges
gwWKj| m`m (Acvikb) Gi Aaxb AvQ e`ii gwib wefvM4, gwib IqvKkc Ges nvBWvMvwd wefvM5|
m`m (A_) Gi Aaxb AvQ A_ I wnmve wefvM, KwDUvi Ges AwWU I BcKkb wefvM| m`m (Bwwbqvwis)
Gi Aaxb AvQ cKkj wefvM, GU, BjwKvj Ges gvKvwbKvj, vim Ges cR wefvM| wbPi QK
PMvg e`i KZci eZgvb KvVvgv `Lvbv njv:
gwib wefvM e`i AvMgb I ewnMgbKvix mg Avg`vwb I ivwb cYevnx RvnvR G wefvMi gvag e`i cek I cY Lvjvm Ki|
G wefvMi cvBjU ewnbvOi _K RvnvR e`i wbq Avmb Ges e`i _K ewnbvOi wbq hvb| G wefvMi cavbi `vwqZ cvjb
Kib cavb cKkjx (gwib)|
5
nvBWvMvwd wefvM wefvM e`ii cvwb cwigvc, b`x Rwic, b`xi bveZv ivK wekl cwiKbv BZvw` Ki _vK| G wefvMi cavbi
`vwqZ AvQb cavb nvBWvMvdvi|
b cwienb
gbvjq
e`i evW
KZc
Pqvigvb
m`m (Acvikb)
nvievi I gwib
m`m (A_)
m`m (Bwwbqvwis)
mwPevjq
wmwfj Bwwbqvwis
UvwdK
GU
cwiKbv
BjwKvj Ges
gvKvwbKvj
wbivcv
gwib IqvKkc
KwDUvi
ckvmb
nvBWvMvwd
gwWKj
vim
cR (mveK KvWvi)
(Z_m~:-ckvmwbK cwZe`b, 2004-05, PMvg e`i KZc)
PMvg mgy` e`ii Abygvw`Z c` nQ KgKZv 414 Rb Ges KgPvwi 8241 Rb| wK eZgvb GLvb 313 Rb
KgKZv Ges 5578 Rb KgPvwi KgiZ AvQb|6 A_vr k~Y c`i ni cvq 32%|
k~Y c`
31.9%
KgiZ
68.1%
kwgK msLv
1370
1277
916
362
53
120
Iq ccviwUm WfjcgU wjt 264 GKi 30 eQii Rb 2006 _K (bevqbg ci 20 eQii Rb) (10%
ewZ 5 eQi Ai) cwZ eQi 8.44 KvwU UvKvq jxR wbqQ|
wP 2.4 : PMvg e`ii b`x wmKwev` gvU Rwgi eivi cwigvY
Aea `Lj
19%
ivv/Lvj/euva/Kwl
12%
`vg
2%
miKvwi/emiKvwi cwZvb
eiv Rwg
11%
eZgvb
76.3%
cwiwk 2.2 `e
AvBwmwW
PMvg e`ii GKwU Bbjv KUBbvi wWcv 1987 mvj _K XvKvi Kgjvcyi Pvjy AvQ hvi evrmwiK aviYgZv
80 nvRvi wUBBDGm| PMvg e`i _K XvKv AvBwmwWZ KUBbvi bqvi Rb ijIqi 2wU Lvjv ijMvwo AvQ
hvi gvag GKmv_ 350wU KUBbvi cwienY Kiv hvq|
Kvgm cwiwPwZ
PMvg Kvgm nvDm evsjv`k mePq eo Kvgm kb| `ki Avg`vwb-ivwb LvZi cvq 65-70% Kvgm
msv KvR GB nvDRi gvag mvw`Z nq| RvZxq ivR^ evW cwZ eQi GLvb _K cvq 30-35% ivR^ Avq
Ki _vK|
Kvgm nvDRi cavb Kvhvejx
PMvg e`i, emiKvwi AvBwmwW (Bbjv KUBbvi wWcv) , PMvg BwcRW Ges PMvg wegvbe`ii
Kvgm KZc wnmve KvR Kiv|
evsjv`k hme cY PMvg e`i, wegvbe`i Ges BwcRWi gvag Avg`vwb I ivwb nq mjvK
wbqgvbyhvqx GmmgUi gvag Ki I wbaviY|
PMvg e`i, wegvbe`i I BwcRW PvivKvievwi, fyqv ivwb Ges Avg`vwb cYi Pzwi cwZiva Kiv|
Kvgm KZK AvivwcZ AvBb I bxwZgvjv
Kvgm AvBb 1969, fvjy GvWW Uv AvBb 1991, BbKvg Uv AwWbv 1984, BgcvU G GcvU KUvj
AvBb 1950, BgcvU cwjwm AWvi 2003-2006, GcvU cwjwm AWvi 2003-2006, gvPUvBR gvKm AvBb
1889, GwmW KUvj AvBb 2002, cwiek bxwZgvjv 2004, BwcRW AvBb 1980, WvMm KUvj AvBb 1990,
dib GPb&R ijkb AvBb 1947, Avgm AvBb 1880, kvj cvIqvi AvBb 1974, wdbv AvBb 1997
(IDSC) BZvw`|
Kvgmi mv_ RwoZ cavb Knvvi
Kvgm KZc
e`i KZc
wewRGgBG/weKGgBG mn Abvb Avg`vwbKviK/ivbxKviK
mgSvZvKvwi evsKmg~n
wmGGd GRU
wkwcs GRU
wcGmAvB GRw
Kv MvW
evsjv`k bwf
BwcRW KZc
PMvg Kvgm nvDR Rbeji weeiY
PMvg Kvgm nvDR gvU Abygvw`Z c` nQ 944wU wK eZgvb KgiZ AvQ 630 Rb A_vr PMvg Kvgm
`i 2007 mvji gvP ch kZKiv cvq 33 fvM Abygvw`Z c`i wecixZ c` k~b wQj| 1g I 2q kYx gvU
Abygvw`Z 374 Rbi wecixZ 277 Rb KgiZ AvQb A_vr k~Y c`i nvi 25.9%|9
wP 2.7: PMvg Kvgm `i Rbeji weeiY (gvP 2007)
k~b c`
33.3%
KgiZ
66.7%
GQvov AwZ iZc~Y c`i I `Lv hvq Mo kZKiv cvq 31 fvM AwZ iZc~Y c` k~Y iqQ|10
wP 2.8: Kvgm nvDR, PMvg G iZc~Y c` k~Y Rbeji kZKiv nvi
64.1
70
60
50
37.8
40
30
16.7
20
32.1
21.4
19.8
10.5
10
0
WcywU/mnKvwi
Kwgkbvi
GcvBRvi
wc fwUf Awdmvi
BDwW
GjwW
cwiwk 2.3
cwiwk 2.4
10
wcfbwUf wefvM: e`i GjvKv _K Avg`vwb I ivwb cYmg~ni Pzwi Ges PvivKvievwi cwZiva Kiv GB wefvMi
`vwqZ| GB wefvMi Aaxb AbKjv DcwefvM KvR Ki hvi cwZwUZ 3-4 Rb wcfwUf KgKZv, GKRb
ZveavqK mnKvwi/WcywU Kwgkbvi Ges hyM Kwgkbvii Zveavb KvR Kib| GQvov evsjv`k bwf I Kv
MvWI GB wefvMK mnvqZv Ki _vK|
AK&kb wefvM: AK&kbhvM cYmg~n wPwZKiY, ZvwjKv Zwi Ges wewi eev Kiv GB wefvMi KvR|
gwbd wKqvi wWcvUgU (GgwmwW) wefvM: cwZwU AvBwRGg I BwRGg-G DcvwcZ KbmvBbgUmg~ni
Kvgmi cwqv mwVKfve mvw`Z nj wKbv Zv wbwZ Kiv G wefvMi `vwqZ|
PMvg e`i evsjv`ki cavb mgy` e`i| GB e`i cvq 8 nvRviiI ewk KgKZv-KgPvix KgiZ| GQvov GLvb
KvR KiQ 30wUiI ewk miKvwi-emiKvwi msv| GB e`ii gvag `ki cvq 80 kZvsk cY Avg`vwb-ivwb
nq hv _K GbweAvi cwZ eQi ivR^ Avq Ki cvq 30-35%| wK e`i I Kvgmi Rbeji weeiY _K `Lv
hvq GLvb cqvRbi Zzjbvq jvKej AbK Kg hv e`i I Kvgmi MwZkxj Kvhgi c_ Aivq|
Abygvw`Z c`i wecixZ e`i k~b c` cvq 31.9% Ges Kvgm 33.3%| Rbeji cvkvcvwk h cwigvY
AvaywbK hcvwZ GZ eo e`i cwiPvjbvq `iKvi m Abyhvqx hcvwZi AcZzjZvI GLvb my hvi cwigvY cvq
23.7%| GQvov hme hcvwZ eZgvb AvQ Zv ewkifvM mgq AKRv nq co _vK| WK kwgK wnmve hviv
AvQb Zv`i 485 Rbi eqm 57 eQii ewk| Avevi kvixwiKfve Ag Ges wewfb KviY KvR bv wMq KD
KD e`wj kwgK`i KvW w`q wg_vi Avkq wbq cvwikwgK wbq hvQ| Gi dj eQi wZb KvwUi AcPq A_ev
AvZmvr Kiv nq| e`ii b`x wmKw ev` gvU 1708.63 GKi Rwgi ga Aea `Lj iqQ 329.48 GKi, hv
gvU Rwgi cvq 19%| Gi ga miKvwi/Avav miKvwi cwZvb 232.31 GKi, UW BDwbqb ev Kve 1.95 GKi Ges
vbxq RbMY 95.22 GKi Aea `Lj iLQ| e`ii hme `vg, kW Ges KUBbvi wWcv iqQ Zv
cqvRbi mvc chv bq| GQvov e`ii wfZi _K wWcvZ KUBbvi cwienY eevi I msvi
cqvRb|
10
Aavq wZb
PMvg e`i Avg`vwb-ivwb evwYR Awbqgi mvweK wP
f~wgKv
evsjv`k PMvg e`ii gvag cY Avg`vwb ev ivwb KiZ Avg`vwbKviK ev ivwbKviK`i c H cYi
cwienY, cwienYi Rb cqvRbxq vqb, cqvRbxq `vwiK Kvhvejx mv`bmn D cY cwienYKvix RvnvR
DVvbv ev bvgvbvi KvRjv wbv wZbwU msv g~jZ `vwqZ cvjb Kib,
1. wkwcs GRU11
2. wm G Gd (wKqvwis G divqvwWs) GRU12 I
3. gvvi wwfWvwis GRU13|
cwZwU GRwi KvRB GK Acii cwic~iK|
PMvg e`ii gvag Avg`vwbKZ cY wiwjR Kivi cwqv
cY Avg`vwb KiZ h mg KvMRc Kvgm Ges e`i `vwLj KiZ nq Zv njv: jRgU w- c14, wm G Gd
GRU wjwLZ wej Ae GwU (Bill of Entry), Kvgm nvDm wej Ae GwUi KwDUvi wcU, wej Ae jvwWs15
(Bill of Lading), wmAviGd (CRF -Clean Report Finding), Bbfqm (Invoice), cvwKs wj (Packing
List), KvwU Ae AwiwRb16 (Country of Origin), jUvi Ae wWU (Letter of Credit), jUvi Ae wWU
A_vivBRkb17 (Letter of Credit Authorisation), cvidgv Bbfqm (Performa Invoice)|
wkwcs GRwi KvR njv ivwb cYi Rb wkwcs GRwjv dBU divqvWvi wnme wbR`i wdWvi fvmji gvag wKsev Ab
wdWvi mvwfm - U wbq GB cY gv`vi fvmj-G cuQ w`q Avm| Avi Avg`vwbi gv`vi fvmj _K KUBbvi wbq wdWvi
fvmj Avgv`i `k Avm|
12
wwfWvwis GRwjv RvnvR _K cY Lvjvm Ges fivi KvR Ki _vK| RvnvR _K cY Lvjvm Ges fivi Rb WK kwgK eevcbv
evWi gvag WK kwgK eywKs KiZ nq| wwfWvwis Kvvwbjv WK kwgK eevcbv evWi gvag kwgK`i wbavwiZ gRywi c`vb
Ki|
13
wKqvwis Ges divqvwWs GRw (wm G Gd) cYi vqb, e`i KZci cqvRbxq cwqv mbi gvag KUBbvi gvjvgvj fwZ
[Stuffing] ev KUBbvi _K gvjvgvj Lvjvm [Unstuffing] Ki Zv wbR^ ev fvov Kiv cwienYi gvag e`i GjvKv _K ei Ki
bq| Avi ev KvMvi Zviv mivmwi RvnvR _K ev kW _K gvjvgvj Wwjfvwi wbq _vK|
14
Kvg&m-G wm G Gd GRU KZK `vwLjKZ cvgvY KvMRc I bvwUs Gi Rb `vwLj Kivi mgqmn GKwU wbavwiZ w- c Zvi wgK
bs I dvvi bs KvMRci m mshy Kiv nq | GKB jRgU w- c (Lodgement Slip) ej|
15
cY RvnvRxKiYi ci RvnvR KZc cY evSvB I fvovi Pzwi ^xKwZ ^ic h iwm` c`vb Ki ZvB wej Ae jvwWs (Bill of
Lading)| wej Ae jvwWs-G (Bill of Lading) ivwbKviK I RvnvR KZci ^vi QvovI cYi wevwiZ weeiY, UW gvK, RvnvRi
I RvnvR Kvvwbi bvg, Avg`vwbKviKi bvg I wVKvbv, ivwbKviKi bvg I wVKvbv, ciK I cvcK e`ii bvg, RvnvR Qvovi I cuQyevi
ZvwiL, RvnvR fvovi cwigvY, fvov c` nqQ bvwK Avg`vwbKviK KZK c` ne BZvw` weeiY wjwLZ _vK| GwU Avg`vwbKviKi
evsKi gvag Avg`vwbKviKi wbKU cuQvbv nq|
16
cYjv h `k _K Avg`vwb Kiv nQ mB `ki P^vi Ae Kgvm G BvwR Gi GKwU mb`, hvZ cYwU Kvb `k Zwi Zv
jLv _vK|
17
Kvbv cY Avg`vwb KiZ nj K`xq evsKi Abygv`bi cqvRb nq| K`xq evsKi mB Abygv`bK jUvi Ae wWU
A_ivBRkb (Letter of Credit (LC) Authorisation) ejv nq|
11
11
evsjv`k PMvg e`i w`q cY Avg`vwb ev ivwb KiZ e`i Ges Kvgm G RwUj Ges `xN cwqv AbymiY KiZ
nq| GB RwUj Ges `xN cwqv `ybxwZK DrmvwnZ Ki|18 GQvov PMvg e`i Iqvb c mvwfm Gi bvg hv Kiv
nqwQj Zv ejv hvq Iqvb ig mvwfm| Avg`vwbKviK ev ivwbKviKi c Zv`i cwZwbwa ev GRU`i Iqvb
c mvwfm mUvi AbK Uwej NyiZ nq Ges wbwZfve cZK UwejB Nyl ev eLwkm bv w`j ^vi wgj bv|
wkwcs GRU hme RvqMvq `ybxwZ/nqivwbi wkKvi nq
G MelYvq `Lv MQ, 2004 I 2006 mvji ga PMvg e`ii `ybxwZi cKvc cvq GKB wQj| ejv hvq, PMvg
e`i Nyl, eKwkl, Awbqg cvwZvwbKZv ARb KiwQj| 2007 mvji Rvbyqvwi gvm `k Riwi Aev Rvwii ci
h_ evwnbxi Kov bRi`vwi I wewfb wmvi KviY gvP gvm _K cwiwwZi DbwZ j Kiv hvq| Zvi gvb GB bq
h, PMvg e`i Nyl ev `ybxwZ `~i nq MQ| GUv GKUv mvgwqK DbwZ| ejv hvq, h_ evwnbxi fq NylMnxZviv Nyl
ev eKwkl wbZ mvnm `LvQb bv| hZY ch cwZi cwieZb Kiv bv hve, ZZY ch PMvg e`i _K
`ybxwZ wbg~j Kiv hve bv|
GKwU RvnvR PMvg e`i cek KiZ nj AbKjv i AwZg KiZ nq| PMvg e`i hme RvnvR
Kvvwb wKsev Zv`i GRwjv cY cwienY Ki Ges hviv KUBbvi fvov `q Zviv wewfb Awbqg Ges `ybxwZi
myLxb nq|
GKRb wkwcs GRUK RvnvRi evw_s (RwUZ fov)Gi AbygwZi Rb Nyl w`Z nq| wkwcs Kvvwbjv RvnvR
AvBwRGg (BgcvU Rbvij gwbd) I BwRGg (GcvU Rbvij gwbd) ck KiZ kZKiv GKk fvM
B Nyl w`Z nq| wkwcs GRU`iK GKwU AvBwRGg `vwLj KiZ Mo 500 UvKv, GKwU BwRGg `vwLj KiZ
Mo 27 UvKv, GKwU MvwiU19 `vwLj KiZ Mo 64 UvKv Nyl w`Z nq| AvBwRGg Avg KiZ wkwcs GRUK
Mo 3000 UvKv Nyl w`Z nq| Abw`K GKwU RvnvR e`ii RwUZ fovbvi Rb Ges RwU _K ewnbvOi wbq
hvIqvi Rb ^vfvweK Aevq e`i cvBjUiv 10,000 UvKv eLwkk wnme bq| wKIfvi WvdwUs RvnvRi G
nvi mgSvZvi gvag jvwaK UvKv ch ew cvq| PMvg e`i 9.0 wgUvii ewk WvdU I 186 wgUvii ewk
`xN RvnvR Pvbj cek KiZ `qv nq bv| wK AbK B D wbqgi eZq NwUq nvBWvMvwd wefvMi
KgKZv I e`i cvBjUi hvMmvRk A_i wewbgq 192 wgUvii `xN RvnvRK ceki AbygwZ `qv nq| hw`
PMvg e`i 192 wgUvi RvnvR wekl AbygwZg cek KiZ cvi Zvnj GUv cgvwYZ e`ii 192 wgUvii
RvnvR ceki aviYgZv AvQ| KvRB G wbqg mskvabi gvag nvBWvMvwd wefvMi I e`i cvBjUi `ivZ
Kgvbv me| Avevi RwUZ fovbvi Rb ev evw_s Gi Rb PMvg e`ii wbavwiZ cvBjUi KvQ Kb kiYvcb
nZ ne? ^ ^ RvnvRi cvBjU ewnbvOi _K mivmwi RwUZ wbq Avmvi weavb _vKj PMvg e`ii wbavwiZ
cvBjUi KvQ wRw _vKZ nZv bv| G cwZ GK Bw AwZwi WvdUi Rb cvBjUK Kgc 5000 _K
10000 UvKv Nyl c`vb KiZ nq|
2004 mvj wUAvBwe cwiPvwjZ MelYvq `Lv hvq, GKwU wkwcs GRUK ^vfvweK Aevq PMvg e`i RvnvR
bvOi KivZ Kgc 8-10wU LvZ Nyl ev eKwkk w`Z nq| 2007 mvj Gwcj `Lv hvq, `ybxwZ GKB gvvq
AevnZ wQj| Riwi Aevi ciI gvP 2007 ch Nyl jb`b nZ Ze Zv e`ii ga bv nq cwZwbwai gvag
evBi mgSvZvi gvag| 2007 mvji gvP I Gwcj gvm PMvg e`i I PMvg Kvgm nvDRi ek KqKRb
DaZb KgKZvmn wKQy kwgK msMVbi bZv `ybxwZi `vq h_ evwnbxi nvZ AvUK nevi ci cwiwwZ `Z cv
hvq| GLb wkwcs GRU, wmGGd GRUmn Abvbiv Nyl mvajI `ybxwZM KgKZv/KgPvix wKsev Gi mv_
mswk- iv Nyl wbZ A^xKwZ RvbvQb|
18
12
20
Md. Fariduddin, Commissioner of Customs, Custom House, Chittagong, Case Study in relation to
Application and Maintenance of the GATT Valuation Agreement in Bangladesh
21
wewa 28, wc-wkcgU BcKkb wewagvjv, 2002, GmAviI bs-255-AvBb/2002/1973/ |
13
wc-wkcgU BcKkb wewagvjv, 2002 Gi wewa 29, Abymvi wc-wkcgU BcKkb cwZ vbxq chvq
cwiexYi j evW feb ev gZ kbmg~n AbwaK cuvP m`mwewk KwgwU MVbi evaevaKZv
AvQ| wK GLb ch K`xq I vbxq cwiexY KwgwU MVb ev Gi Kvhg `Lv hvqwb|
Gi cwicwZ cvqB wg_v NvlYv w`q cY Avg`vwbi NUbv NUQ| RyjvB 2005-deqvwi 2006 Ges RyjvB 06deqvwi 2007 ch wmAviGdKZ cY Pvjvbi ga KvwqK cixvq wg_v NvwlZ Pvjvbi msLv wQj gvU
490wU Ges D mgqKvj wmAviGd mb`c cixv Ki Kvgm KZc gvU 695wU wg_v NvlYvi NUbv D`NvUb
Kib| Avevi wcGmAvBhvM wK wcGmAvB/wmAviGd bv Ki Avg`vwbKZ cY Pvjvb Gi msLv RyjvB 06 _K
deqvwi 2007 ch 440wU|23
22
hyMvi 28 Avei 2005; `wbK RbK 27 deqvwi 2007; `wbK BdvK 19 Gwcj
2007
23
14
15
Zzjbvg~jK Nyl c`vbi nvi `Lvbv nqQ|26D cheY `Lv hvq, PMvg e`i cY Avg`vwb ev ivwb KiZ wKQy
wKQy LvZ cvq GKB wQj Avevi Kvb Kvb LvZ ewk wQj| ejv hvq, cY Avg`vwb ivwbi cZK chvqB Nyl ev
eLwkm ^vfvweK wbqgi gZB cwZwZ wQj|
2006 mvj PMvg e`i 440982 wUBDm Avg`vwb I 435204 wUBDm ivwb cY cwievwnZ nq| PMvg e`i 20
dzU KUBbvi Avg`vwb KiZ Mo 13500 UvKv Ges ivbx cYi Mo 8000 UvKv Nyl ev eKwkk w`Z nq| G
wnme 2006 mvj PMvg e`i Avg`vwb LvZ 595 KvwU 32 j 57 nvRvi UvKv I ivwb LvZ 348 KvwU 16
j 32 nvRvi UvKv A_vr PMvg e`i I Kvgm Avg`vwb-ivwb LvZ gvU 943 KvwU 48 j 89 nvRvi UvKv Nyl
jb`b nq| GQvov e`i wewfb mivg q, givgZ I iYveY, b`x WwRs mn wewfb DbqY cK `ybxwZ
msNwUZ nq|
KbRkb mvi-PvR I iU ivikb PvRi bvg A_ AcPq
PMvg e`i 2006 mvji 5 Ryb _K 15 m^i ch KbRkb mvi PvRi bvg wkwcs Kvvbx
Avg`vwbKviKi KvQ _K wkwcs GRUi gvag KUBbvi cwZ 130 Wjvi Av`vq Ki| D mgq gvU Avg`vwb
nq 1,33,356 wUBBDm (20 dzU KUBbvi)| dj mvi-PvRi bvg 1,73,36,280 Wjvi Av`vq Kiv nq| mvi-PvR
e nevi ci 2007 mvji Rvbyqvwi _K gvP ch wkwcs Kvvwbjv iU ivikb PvRi bvg 20 dzU
KUBbvi cwZ 200 Wjvi Ki Av`vq Ki| D mgq PMvg e`i gvU Avg`vwb nq 1,15,412 wUBBDm (20 dzU
KUBbvi)| m wnme iU ivikbi bvg gvU 2,30,82,400 Wjvi Av`vq nq| A_vr cvq 6 gvm mvi-PvR I
iU ivikbi bvg gvU 4 KvwU 4 j 18 nvRvi 680 Wjvi ev 274 KvwU 84 j 70 nvRvi 240 UvKv
Avg`vwbKviK`i KvQ _K wkwcs Kvvbxjv Av`vq KiQ| Dciv mvi-PvR I iU ivikb PvR eZgvb
e iqQ|
WK kwgK eevcbvi f~qv kwgKi bvg A_ AcPq/AvZmvr
WK kwgK cwiPvjbv evWi A`Zv, ^QvPvwiZv I `ybxwZi KviY 57 eQi Ea GgbwK 79 eQi eqmi WK kwgK
bw_c KgiZ AvQb, hv`i AbKB 28 deqvwi 2007 ZvwiLI mekl gRywi MnY Kib| GiKg kwgKi
msLv 400 RbiI ewk| f~qv kwgKi bvg ev e`wj kwgK`i KvW eemvi gvag eQi cvq 35 KvwUi AcPq
A_ev AvZmvr nq, hvi mv_ RwoZ GKwU msNe P|
Aeafve wewfb PvRi bvg Puv`vevwR
PMvg P^vi Ae Kgvm c~e GjGgwW bvg cwZ KbUBbvi eve` GK nvRvi UvKv Av`vq KiZ, dBU diIqvWviMY
Abvcw mb`c c`vb Ki Aea UvKv MnY KiZ, cvbvgv UvK v Aeafve e`i GjvKvq ceki mgq MBU
cvm c`vbi bvg cwZ UvK nZ Uvj msMn KiZ| GZ Avg`vwb eq ew cZ; hv eZgvb h_evwnbx I mswk-
KZc wbwl NvlYv KiQb|
ejv hvq, PMvg e`i Nyl ev eKwkm GKwU ^vfvweK evcvi I wbqg cwiYZ nqwQj| mevB aiB wbqwQj, Nyl ev
eKwkm Qvov cY Avg`vwb ev ivwb Kiv me bq| G myhvM wKQy Amr eemvqx wg_v NvlYv w`q cY Avg`vwb KiZ
dj miKvii wecyj ivR^ wZi cvkvcvwk `ki wbivcv eev I gwKi myxb nq| Kbbv hw` Kvbv eemvqx
wcGmAvB msv, I e`i KZcK Nyli wewbgq Zv`i hvMmvRk A Avg`vwb Ki m Kivi wKQyB
_vKbv| PMvg e`i hLvb vbvi gwkb bB Ges Z`viwK I Revew`wnZv AZ bvRyK mLvb me wKQyB Kiv
me|
26
16
Aavq Pvi
PMvg e`i I Kvgm `ybxwZ: KviY - cfve wek- lY
PMvg Kvgm nvDmi GK EaZb KgKZv MelKi mv_ mvvrKvi Dciv ge Kib| G `i KZK cwiPvwjZ GK mgxvq
ASYCUDA++System G Avg`vwbKZ cYi GmmgU Kivi `vwqZ cv GcBRvi I wcwcvj GcBRvi`i AwaKvskB
ASYCUDA++System ^Zt~Zfve I ^vQ` eenvi KiZ cvib bv ejI wZwb bvg bv cKvk Kivi kZ ge Kib|
17
GmmgU Kiv Qvov wZxq Kvb weK bB| Gi KviY wnme weMZ `y`kKiI ewk mgq ai Kvgm Gi
gwjK chvq wbqvM e _vKv, wgwbwqvj I wmcvB nZ bb-KvWvi wbevnx c` c`vbwZ `qv, gywRebMi
KgPvix I D KgPvix kxlK weavbi AvIZvq Kvgm wefvM wbqvM `vb Ges mevcwi wkv I cwkYMZ
hvMZv, eqm, wbv, KgZrciZv BZvw` welq weePbvq bv wbq wbqvM `qv I h_vh_ msLvq c`vqb bv Kiv
- BZvw` Dj- L Kiv hvq|
k~Y c` _vKvq m RwUjZv I mgmvmg~n:
e`i iwZ gvjvgvj hvZ Aeafve e`i nZ evBi hZ bv cvi Zv wbwZ Kiv hvq bv;
Avg`vwb ivwb msv mev wejw^Z nq,
ivR^ SzuwK evoQ
PMvg e`i AvMZ cwZwU RvnvR mvewYK evwWs Awdmvi bv _vKv,
ivwb cY NvlYv Z_v GmmgU Abyhvqx KUBbvi jvwWs Kivi ci mxjMvjv KiYi Rb
cqvRbxq msLK wcfwUf Awdmvi c`vqb Kiv hvQ bv|
KgKZvi Afve FCL Container G Avg`vwbKZ cY KUBbvi nZ AvbjvwWs Gi mgq D cY
GmmW WKygUm Abyhvqx AvQ wKbv- Zv h_vh_fve hvPvB Kiv hvq bv|
vbvi gwkb bv _vKv
PMvg e`i GLbI Kvb Kvbvi gwkb bB| mvaviYfve Avg`vwb evwYR 15-20% cY Pvjvbi
wewfb aibi wg_v NvlYvi ceYZv AvQ ej AvRvwZK I RvZxqfve aviYv| mLvb PMvg Kvgm
KZci c vbvi gwkb Qvov SuywK gvKvejv Kiv me bq| vbvi Ges ` Rbejwenxb GKwU `yej
cwiek Avg`vwb-ivwb evwYRi mv_ mivmwi m Abvb KnvjWvi (hvi ga wcGmAvB GRw,
evsK, Avg`vwbKviK/ivwbKviK, e`i KZc, wkwcs GRU, wmGGd GRU Dj- LhvM) wewfb Kkj
wewfb aiYi RvwjqvwZ/Awbqgi Avkq wbQ| eZ Ggb cwiekK ^Q, `, ivR^ I evwYReve cwiek
wnmve AvLvwqZ Kiv hvq bv| PMvg e`ii gZ AwZ iZc~Y miKvwi vcbvq GLb ch wmwmwUwf
Kvgiv bB| Avevi ewnbvOi KvMvW mn Abvb wbivcv evwnbxi AchvZv ev A`Zvi KviY gvS
gaB RvnvR Pzwii NUbv NUQ|
AvgjvZvwK RwUjZv
mev c`vbKvix cwZvb njI e`ii KvRKgi MwZ axi| GKwU wmv bIqvi Rb GKwU dvBjK eevi
e Uwej NyiZ nq| h Kvbv Awbqgi wei kvwg~jK eevi wmv wbZ XvKvq mswk- gYvjq
`ovZ nq| e`i Pqvigvb Ges evW h-me wmv bq Zv AwaKvsk gZvgZ gv| ZvB ewkifvM
B Kvbv kvwg~jK eev bqv ev e`ii DbwZi Rb Kvbv c`c bqv e`i KZci viv me
nq DV bv| e`i Znwej AbK UvKv _vKv mI e`ii mvweK cwiPvjbvq `Zv I MwZkxjZv evovZ
AvaywbKvqbi Rb cwZMZ bvbv RwUjZvi KviY Kvbv cK Abygv`b I evevqb nQ bv |
Kvgm I e`ii `xN Ges RwUj cwqv
cY Lvjvm cwqvq GKwU WKygUK Avg`vwb 26wU Ges ivwb 13wU avc cvi nq AvmZ nq,
Ges cZK avcB Awbevhfve nqivwbi wkKvi nZ nq| e`i cY Lvjvm KiZ wMq Kvb Avg`vwbKviK
hLb GZ nqivwbi myLxb nb ZLb Gi _K Dvi cZ ZvK Avkq wbZ nq Nyl/eKwkmi| Nyl c`vb Ges
Abvb RwUjZvi KviY ZvK h cwigvY UvKv eq KiZ nq, cYi `vg evwoq Zv`i KvQ _K,
cieZxZ Zv Av`vq Ki| G myhvM GKwU mymsNe wmwKU evRvi `eg~ji `vg evwoq w`q mvaviY
RbMYi Pig fvMvw KiQ|
Kvgm KgPvix-KgKZv`i ^QvPvwiZv I Revew`wnZvi Afve
e`i I Kvgmi cyiv Kvhg hviv cwiPvjbv KiQb mme KgiZ ew`i KvR h_ cwigvY ^QZv Ges
cyiv cwqvq Zv`i Revew`wnZvi Afvei KviY Zviv ^QvPvwiZv c`kb KiQb| Dci `vlx`i wei
`vg~jK kvw bv _vKvq G mgmv AviI cKU AvKvi aviY KiQ| Kvgm Ges e`ii KgKZvKgPvixiv mvgvb wU-wePzwZi Rb Zv`iK wewfbfve nqivwb Ki| Kvgm KgKZv-KgPvix`i wbavwiZ
cwigvY Nyl bv w`j meB fyj, Avi UvKv w`j Kvbv fyjB fyj bq|
18
29
19
cwikva Ki| GLvbI wVKv`viiv wewfbfve kwgK`i nqivwb I ewZ Ki| ay mvaviY Kvvi kwgK bq,
kwgK BDwbqbfy Abvb kwgKivI cvIbv _K ewZ nb wewfbfve|
mwVK cwiKbvi Afve
e`i KZci Aaxb hme Rwg iqQ Zvi AbK Rwg Aea `Lj`vi`i Aaxb| GB Rwgi mwVK
e`vei Afve e`ii wekvj m`i h_v_ eenvi wbwZ nQ bv| mevcwi bxwZ-wbaviK`i ^cYvw`Z
gbvfvei Afve e`i I Kvgmi mwVK eevcbvi c_ Dj- LhvM Aivq| GQvov e`i GjvKvK
Avg`vwbKviK KZK IqvinvDR wnmve eenvi Kiv I e`ii wfZi Lvwj KUBbvi c Ki ivLv,
AvUKKZ/ALvjvmKZ KvMv ev KUBbvi mgqgZ Lvjvm bv Kiv, b`x WwRs I e`i KZc KZK kvi
nvwjs AcviUi mn Abvb wbqvM miKvwi qbxwZ AbymiY bv Kiv, we`yr wevUi KviY KUBbvi
nvwjs Gi KvR evnZ nIqv, Kvgm nvDRi Rb KUBbvi BqvWi eev bv _vKv, e`ii msiwZ
GjvKvq GdwmGj KUBbvi Lvjvm Kivq cwienb RU mw, AwZwi mviPvR I Abvb AwZwi PvR Av`vq
BZvw` `yej cwiKbvi D`vniY|
Km vwW 1: b`x WwRs G `ybxwZ
PMvg e`i Pvbj b`x WwRs Gi bvg `ybxwZi AwfhvM iqQ| 2001 mvj Uvii gvag Pvbj
WwRsqi KvR cvq gmvm cvwmwdK gwib mvwfm bvgi GKwU cwZvb| `yB eQii Rb cv_wgK Pzw njI
ci Avi Kvb bZzb Uvi Avnvb bv Ki30 mgSvZvi wfwZ AbygwZ wbq KvR Ki hvQ| WwRsKZ
gvwU/evwj cKi KvR eZxZ Ab Kvb KvR eenvi Kiv hve bv A_ev Ab KviI wbKU weq Kiv hve bv
Ges nvBWvMvwd I cyi-Kkj wefvMi gbvbxZ cwZwbwai Zvveavb WwRs KvR mv`b Kivi evaevaKZv
_vKv mI gmvm cvwmwdK gwib mvwfm WwRsKZ mgy`q gvwU cK GjvKvq bv dj 5 bs kZ
cwicxfve e`i cvBjU RwU GjvKvq Ab wew Kivi Rb c Ki ivL| GQvov WwRs wVKv`vi cK
GjvKvq gvwU fivUi ARynvZ `wLq wbavwiZ mgqi Pq AwZwi mgq AbygwZ wbq AwZwi evwj Dvjb
Ki Ab wew KiQ, hv m~Y Aea Ges RvgvbZi UvKv evRqvhvM ej Dj- L Kib PMvg e`ii
Afixb wbixv I cwi`kb wefvM|31 D AwWU cwZe`b gmvm cvwmwdK gwib mvwfm KZK
AbygwZci kZ jsNb Ki KYdzjx b`x nZ WwRsKZ evwj Ab weq Kivi AwfhvMi mZZv cvIqv
MQ ej Dj- L Kiv nq| PMvg e`i KZci nvBWvMvwd wefvM KZK mvf cwZe`b Ges D wefvMi
cwZwbwai Zveavb AbygwZcv ewnivMZ cwZvb KZK KYdzjx b`x nZ, WwRs Gi gvag gvwU/evwj
Dvjbi wbqg AvQ| wK AvjvP gmvm cvwmwdK gwib mvwfm KZK nvBWvMvwd wefvMi wc WwRs mvf cwZe`b Ges D wefvMi Zveavb eZxZ wbR`i BQv gvZveK AcwiKwZfve KY dzjx
b`x nZ evwj Dvjb Kivi dj b`xi Zj`k h_vh_ - vc eRvq bv _vKvi mg~n mvebv iqQ| hvi
djkwZZ KYdzjx b`xi Pvbj cwieZbmn b`xi Zxi f b`xMf wejxb nevi AvksKv iqQ| b`xi
Pvbj cwieZb nj Pvbj iYveYi KvR KZci cPzi A_ eq ne|
30
Avevi AbK mgq Uvi Avnvb Kiv nq miKvwi bxwZgvjv Abymib bv Ki| wevwiZ RvbZ `Lyb AwWU cwZe`b 20052006, AfixY wbixv I cwi`kb wefvM, PMvg e`i KZc, AbyQ` bs 64,cv 74|
31
wevwiZ RvbZ `Lyb, AwWU cwZe`b 2005-2006, AfixY wbixv I cwi`kb wefvM, PMvg e`i KZc, cv 69-70|
20
KviY
mg^qnxbZv
cfve
e`ii `Zv nvm
KgPvwi`i ^QZv I
Revew`wnZvi Afve
`vlx`i wei
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^QvPvwiZv
gvbyqvj wmg
KvR
Turn Around
mgq ew
Nyli AvwaK
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Rbkwi Afve
zej KwDUvi
eev
`xNm~xZv/
AvgjvZvwK
RwUjZv
Avg`vwb/
ivwbKviK`i
eq ew
A` wcGmAvB
eev
PMvg
e`ii
mybvg zb
Z_v Gi
Dci Abvv
ew|
evRvi `eg~j
ew
ixU gvgjvi AvwaK
vbvi, wmwmwUwf
Kvgivmn Abvb
hcvwZi Afve
ivRbwZK cfve
e`i Rwgi
Aeevcbv
`~ej wbivcv
eev
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1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
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2004
2005
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KUBbvi
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(wUBBDm)
3,45,327
3,92,137
4,56,007
4,86,289
5,26,353
6,24,560
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2003
2004
2005
2006
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33
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2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
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36
International Maritime Bureau (IMB) is a specialized division of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC).
The IMB defines Piracy and Armed Robbery as An act of boarding or attempting to board any ship with the
apparent intent to commit theft or any other crime and with the apparent intent or capability to use force in the
furtherance of that act. Armed robbery against ships means any unlawful act of violence or detention or any act of
depredation, or threat thereof, other than an act of piracy, directed against a ship or against persons or property on
board such ship, within a States jurisdiction over such offences. Fore more details, please visit, www.icc-ccs.org or
Anual Report, International Maritime Bureau, UK, January 2007
26
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32
KbUBbvi vbvi PvR cybwbaviY: 20 dzU Ges 40 dzU KUBbvi vbvii Rb Ad WK KUBbvi
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50 jvL UvKv Ges vbxq cwZvb 5 jvL UvKv evsK MvivwU `e| GQvov wwfWvwis Gmvwmqkb
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KvR i KiQ| Uvb GivD mgq Kgvbvi j Ges e`iK MwZkxj KiZ G D`vM bqv nq| Gi dj
wmwmwU-Z eZgvb wwfWvi I WK kwgK c_v DV MQ| GB Kvvwb KZK wbqvMKZ AcviUi I kwgK
viv cyiv KvR PjQ| Ze WK kwgK wnmve hviv iwRvW wQj bv Zv`i ga _K wKQz kwgKK AwfZv I
`Zvi wfwZ KvR wbqvM `qv nqQ|
KUBbvi msLv
10
11
12
13
14
15
w`b
AvM
ci
Dcii wP wmwmwUZ KUBbvi nvwjs Kvhg emiKvwi eevcbvq wmj cqU Acvikb ii `yB mvn
AvM I cii GKwU Zzjbv Kiv nqQ| wmj cqU Acvikb ii c~e mvBd cvIqvi UK Mo 569
KUBbvi nvwjs KiZ hv wmj cqU Acvikb ii ci `wbK 632 KUBbvi nvwjs KiQ| wP
`Lv hvq, wmj cqU Acvikb ii c~ei Zzjbvq Mo KUBbvi nvwjs ew cjI GB ewi nvi mylg
wQj bv|38 Gi cQb h KviYjv RwoZ mjvi ga ivwb cYi KUBbvii Rb Acv Kiv, we`yr
wevU, BqvW Achv vb, UBjvii AchvZv Ges wwfWvi`i Rb Acv AbZg| wmwmwUZ 20
deqvwi _K 20 gvP 2007 ch aygv ivwb cYi KUBbvii Rb Acv Kivi KviY 4wU Kx-MvwU
bK Mo cwZw`b cvq 33 NUv A_vr 1wU Kx-MvwU bK cvq 8 NUv Ki KvR e ivLZ nqQ|39
38
39
34
KwDUvivBRW cwZZ BqvW cwiKbvi KvR cvq kli c_| gvevBj GmGgGm Gi gvag eZgvb BqvW
KUBbvii Aevb Rvbv hvq| eZgvb RvnvR _K gvj AvbjvwWs Kivi mgq nvm cq 12 NUvq AvmjI
ivbx cYi KUBbvi h_vmgq bv Avmvq jvwWs `ix nQ| dj RvnvRi Uvb GivD mgq Lye GKUv nvm
cvqwb|40 ivwbi gvj hw` BqvW h_vmgq bv _vK Zvnj G mgmvi mgvavb me bq| RvnvR _K Wwjfvwi
cqU ch Nyl jb`bi h welqwU c~e wwfWvi _vKvKvjxb jbxq wQj Zv emiKvwi eevcbvq
wmwmwUZ eZgvb wejy|
wP 5.3: wmwmwU emiKvwi eevcbvq wmj AcviwUs cwZ Pvjy nevi ci
RvnvRi gvU bviKvjxb mgq PviwU MvwU bi Kg`Zv (7 gvP 200720 gvP 2007 ch)
Ajm mgq
13%
Acvikb mgq
20%
wejw^Z mgq
67%
eZgvb wmwmwU/GbwmwmwUZ emiKvwi AcviUi`i KvR nQ KUBbvimg~n `vgRvZ GjvKv _K Wwjfvwi
BqvW ch wbq hvIqv| Zv`i `vwqZ nQ RvnvR wmwmwU/ GbwmwUi RwUZ evw_sqi ci WKi Dci I b
PKvii bxP jvwms kwgKi eev Kiv, cqvRbxq gyfvi I UBjvii eev Kiv, emiKvwi AcviUi w`q
Kx-MvwU b, ievi Uvqvi MvwU b Ges vWj Kvwiqvi cwiPvjbv Kiv| A_vr Avg`vwbKZ KUBbvi KxMvwU b w`q bvwgq UBjvii gvag BqvW wbq ievi Uvqvi bi mvnvh BqvW `vgRvZ Kiv| Gici
i nq wmGGd GRU`i KvR| GRUiv Kvgm Avg`vwb cYi AvmmgUi Rb Ges cYi Uv,
fvU I wkwcs GRU`i KvQ _K Wwjfvwi AWvi wbq evsK wd cwikva Kib| GBme PvR cwikvai ci
MU _K Kvgm Gi KvQ _K UvKv cwikvai iwk` bq Ges UvwdK wefvM _K KUBbvi viR wejmn
Abvb wej Zwii Rb e`ii wfZi KvR Kib| GBme KvMR wbq me UvKv evsK cwikva nq Mj
cieZx w`b cY Wwjfvwii KvMRci mv_ GB KvMRjvI hy Kiv nq| Gici UvwdK wefvM, gKvwbKvj
wefvM, gvPU kwgK I gvwS KZK KUBbvi Avbvwds I UvK evSvB Kiv nq| Gme vb KvR KiZ wMq
wmGGd GRU`iK GLbI Nyl ev eKwkk c`vb KiZ nq| Ze emiKvwi Kvvwb hnZz Zv`i m~Y
Kvhg KwDUvi bUIqvKi wfZi wbq AvmQ myZivs Zviv Lye mnR KUBbvii Rb viR wejmn
Abvb wejmg~n cZ
KiZ cvie| Avi GB wej mswk- evsK e`ii GKvDU cwikvai ci KUBbvi
Wwjfvwi BqvW wbq emiKvwi AcviUi KZK wbqvMKZ kwgK Ges Zv`i wbR^ hcvwZ w`q KbmvBwb`i
UvK KUBbvi jvW Ki w`Z cvi| GZ cY Lvjvmi `ybxwZ I nqivwb nvm cve|
wUAvBwe 2004 mvj MelYvi gvag AwZwi kwgK Mvs MVb, WK kwgK I wwfWvwis BDwbqb _K kwgK
bevi evaevaKZvmn G mwKZ mgmvi evcKZv cheYi gvag e`ii cY nvwjs ew Ges LiP nvm
Kivi Rb AwZ Riwi wfwZ G eevi cwieZb Kiv cqvRb ej mycvwik Ki| mcwZ G mgmv `~i Kivi
Dk h mKj kwgK KvR KiQ Zv`iKB cvwikwgK (no work no money) c`vbi welqwU wbwZ Kiv
40
35
nqQ| Gi dj wwfWvi`i Aea nc wKQyUv KgQ| GQvov Mvs eywKs-Gi eZgvb kwgK msLv nvm
Ki hywhy chvq wbq Avmv nqQ| Gi dj e`i KZc/Avg`vwbKviKi AbK A_ mvkq ne| Avevi
PMvg e`i wwfWvwis c_v wejy Ki ev_ AcviUi wbqvMi wmv mcwZ KvhKi nevi dj e`i kwgK
wbq RwUjZv I Abvb AvbylwK Svgjv AbK Kg MQ| GB eev Iqvb c mvwfmi gZ KvR Kie| ev_
AcviUi ay kwgK w`q RvnvR _K cY Lvjvm ev evSvBqi KvRB Kie bv GKB mv_ cY mieivni
KvRI Zviv GKKfve Kie|
PMvg e`i cqvRbi AwZwi kwgK wbqvM KiZ eva Kiv nq- G AwfhvMi cwZ 2007 mvji
deqvwi I gvP gvm Mvs eywKs-Gi eZgvb kwgK msLv nvm Ki hywhy chvq wbq Avmv nqQ| dj
2006 mvji wWm^i Gi Zzjbvq 2007 Gi gvP ch Dj- LhvM nvi Mvs I kwgK Kg eywKs nqQ Ges
cvq 3 KvwU UvKv Kg LiP nqQ|
mviYx 5.1: WvDb mvBR Mvs eywKs Pvjy nIqvi ci Mvs, kwgK I gRyixi Zzjbvg~jK wP
mgq
`wbK Mo `wbK
Mo gRywi (KvwU/ UvKvq)
wWm^i 2006-gvP2007
eywKsKZ Mvs eywKsKZ kwgK
mgqKvj gRywii cv_K
msLv
msLv
(KvwU UvKvq)
wWm^i 2006 207.51
2996
4.45
-3.11
gvP 2007
167.03
1276
1.34
GQvov e`i KUBbvi RU wbimbmn ek wKQy RvqMvq kLjv wdi GjI e`i I Kvgm KgKZv-KgPvix`i
KZe Aenjv Ges ^QZv I Revew`wnZvi Afvei KviY Nyl jb`b GLbI wejy nZ cviwb| cv_K ay
GKUvB, h_ evwnbxi KVvi Z`viwK Ges wKQy c`c MnYi dj AvM h jb`b Dbyfve nZ GLb Zv
Mvcb cwZwbwai gvag PjQ| eZgvb ZveavqK miKvi, h_ evwnbxi mnvqZvq h wmvjv wbqQ Zv
wfwZ mvgwqK wKQyUv mydj `Lv hvQ| Ze cwZi cwieZb I gwjK msvii gvag `ybxwZ wbg~j bv Ki
e`ii UKmB Dbqb me bq|
UvY GivD mgq nvm
PMvg e`ii RvnvRi Uvb-GivD UvBg Mo 4 w`bi ewk| GKw`b ewk e`i Aevb Kij
Avg`vwbKviK`i RvnvR cwZ `k-cbi nvRvi Wjvi fvov w`Z nq, hvi cfve co cYi Dci| eZgvb wKQy
hyMvKvix wmvi KviY UvY GivD mgq nvm cZ i KiQ| 2007 mvji deqvwi gvm RvnvRi
UvY GivD mgq wQj cvq 67 NUv, gvP gvm 58 NUv Ges Gwcj gvm Kg 53 NUv A_vr cwZ gvmB UvY
GivD mgq KgQ| G aviv AevnZ iL hw` UvY GivD mgq 24 NUvq Avbv hvq Zvnj eQi cvq 500
KvwU UvKv mvkq Kiv hve; hw` UvY GivD mgq 36 NUvq Kg Avm Zvnj cvq 400 KvwU UvKv mvkq ne
Ges hw` UvY GivD 48 NUvq bg Avm Zvnj cvq 320 KvwU UvKv mvkq ne|
36
Aavq Qq
Dcmsnvi
PMvg e`i evsjv`ki Rb wecyj mvebvi Drm hv RvZxq A_bxwZi GKwU kwkvjx wfw wnme f~wgKv cvjb
KiZ cvi| we`kx mvnvhi Dci wbfikxjZv Kwgq `ki mvgwMK Av_-mvgvwRK DbqbK Kie AviI
eMevb| wK Avg`vwb-ivwb cwqvq PMvg e`i I Kvgm nvDR bvbv Awbqg I nqivwbi gvag Nyl
jb`bi welqwU GKwU AwjwLZ wbqg nq MQ| GB Awbqg cwZiva eZgvb mgqi KvhKi c`c e`ii
mvebvi c_K ck Kie| Ze Gi mv_ cqvRb gwjK msvi| 2004 mvj PMvg e`ii Dci
cwiPvwjZ MelYvq c` mycvwiki mv_ mvgm iL wbP GKwU mycvwikgvjv `qv nj hv evevqb Ki
miKvi PMvg e`iK GKwU AvaywbK I ` e`i wnme cwZwZ KiZ mP ne ej Avkv Kiv hvq|
mycvwikgvjv
1. gvbyqvj cwZi cwieZb Gb AbjvBb e`i I febi Kvhg cwiPvjbv KiZ ne|
GZ e`i I Kvgm KZci ga mg^q ew cve| Avg`vwbKviK-ivwbKviKmn Abvb
mevMnxZv`i fvMvw nvm KiZ hKvb evsKK hv`i Ab-jvBb myweav AvQ Zv`iK
Abygv`b `qv hZ cvi;
2. e`i KZc I gYvjqi ga AvgjvZvwK RwUjZv `yi KiZ cvU A_wiwU Gv 1976
mskvab Ki e`i KZcK ZvrwYKfve mgmv mgvavb wmv bevi gZv ew
KiZ ne;
3. AbwZwej^ e`i I Kvgm Rbej KvVvgv GmmgU Ki k~b c` `, AvaywbK
vbmb Rbej wbqvM KiZ ne| eZgvb Rbej KvVvgv AcZzj| wekl Ki cvBfU
AvBwmwW ew cvevi welq febi Rbeji cqvRbxqZv cixv Ki mvgmZv Avbqb
Riix;
4. PMvg e`ii mevMnxZv, mev`vZv Ges wekl ew`i mg^q GKwU KwgwU MVb Ki
Zv`i mycvwiki gvag Avg`vwb Ges ivwbi ijv Kgvbv DwPZ;
5. PMvg e`iK AZvekKxq mev `vbKvix cwZvb wnme NvlYv Ki mKj cKvi
ivRbwZK KgKv wbwl NvlYv Kiv DwPZ| cqvRb AvBb cYqb Kiv hZ cvi;
6. PMvg e`i Awbqg I `ybxwZi KZcK wRiv Ujvi bxwZ cYqb KiZ ne;
7. `ybxwZceY LvZ I RvZxq A_bxwZZ e`ii iZ weePbv Ki `ybxwZ `gb Kwgkb PMvg
e`i GKwU gwbUwis mj MVb KiZ cvi;
8. evwbwRKxKiYi j jv jW cwZZ e`i cYi jvwWs I Lvjvm Kvhg emiKvwi
eevcbvq `qv DwPZ| Ze G AekB cwZhvwMZv ew I gwRgvwdK gZv nvm Kivi
^v_ KqKwU cwZvbK wbw` mgq Ges kZ Uvi Gi gvag KvR `qv hZ cvi| GZ
cY Avg`vwb-ivwbi RwUjZv nvm cve;
9. e`ii mKj Knvvi`i Z`viwK/Zveavbi Rb wkwcs gwiUvBg KvDwj Gi gZ 10
m`mwewk GKwU ^vqkvwmZ ijUwi ewW _vKZ cvi;
10. e`i ckvmb Xj mvRvZ ne| `ybxwZM e`i Ges Kvgm& Gi KgKZv I KgPvix`iK
wPwZ Ki Zv`i wei `vg~jK kvwi eev MnY Kiv DwPZ| G`i mwi wnmve
wbjB `ybxwZi AbK Z_ ewiq Avme;
11. wbDgywis KUBbvi Uvwgbvji Rb bZzb 3-4wU MvwU b q Ki cvU KZc jvjW
cwZZ KUBbvi Acvikbi `vwqZ cvewjK cwKDigU Gv 2003 AbymiY Ki ^QZvi
37
mv_ 500 wgUvi Ki `yB KvvwbK Pzw wfwK KvR `qv hZ cvi| GZ cwZhvwMZv
ew cvevi mv_ mv_ gwRgvwdK gZv I GKwU cwZvbi Dci wbfiZv Kge;
12. KbUBbvi ivLvi vb ew KiZ `Z AvBwmwWi (Bbjv KbUBbvi wWcv) cwigvY evovZ
ne;
13. gsjv e`i, weAvBWwe- DwUwm, gwib GKvWwg, wkwcs gYvjq _K KgKZv-KgPvix`i
e`wji eev KiZ ne;
14. KYdzwj b`xi gvnbvq cwiKwZ I evcK WwRs cK MnY KiZ ne;
15. evsjv`k bwf I Kv MvWK AviI mymwZ KiZ ne;
16. eemvqx`i Avw_K ^QjZv `L Gjwm Lvjvi welqwUK cvavb `qv Ges evsK Gjwm
Lvjvi mgq wg_v NvlYv w`q cY Avg`vwb iva Avg`vwbKviK`i wVKvbvi mZZv hvPvB
Kivi welqwU iZi mv_ weePbv c~eK cqvRbxq c`c bqv cqvRb| G evsK
Gjwm Lvjvi mgq MvnKi wVKvbv I cwiwPwZ wbwZ nevi welq evsjv`ki evsKi
wb`kbv KVvifve AbymiY KiZ ne;
17. CCTV, VTA System Pvjy mn wbivcv eev ew Ges AbwZwej^ vbvi gwkbi
gvag mKj cYi mZZv wbwZ KiZ ne| Kvgm I e`i KZci mwZ Ges
cZK cYi vwbs cwZe`b Qvov Kvb cY Lvjvm Kiv hve bv;
18. Mxb Pvbj myweavi gvag cvkvKwk cwZvbK h myweav `qv nqQ Zvi Aceenvi
ivaK KZcK wekl SuywK eevcbvi gvag c`c wbZ ne Ges GKB mv_
wewRGgBG, weKGgBGi c _KI wbweo Z`viwK ivLv cqvRb;
19. evsjv`k cPwjZ h GBPGm KvWi Aaxb cYjvZ wekl iqvZi eev AvQ mjv
Avjv`vfve wPwZ Ki ivR^ SuywK wek- lY Kiv DwPZ;
20. h_vh_ ivR^ Av`vqi j wcGmAvB msvi KgKvmn mvgwMK vqb Kvhg wbweofve
cheYi gvag Zv`i wei Awbqgi AwfhvM `ybxwZ `gb Kwgkb ciY evaZvg~jK
Kiv Ges Z`mvc cqvRbxq eev MnY Kiv DwPZ;
21. Kvgm nvDm KvhKi Iqvb c mvwfm Pvjy KiZ ne Ges Kvhgi mv_ mswk-
wewfb `ii ey_ _vKZ ne;
22. e`i I Kvgmi AwWU Kvhg Rvi`vi KiZ ne| hme cY wej Ae GvwU Z bvwUs
nqQ wK cY Lvjvm bqwb ev vqb nqQ wK Ki cwikva Kiwb ev bvwUs B nqwb,
Ggb cY Pvjvbi eZgvb Aev cheYi Rb e`i I Kvgbi h_ AwWU Kvhg
i Kiv DwPZ;
23. wiwfD KwgwU, UvBeybvjmn Kvgm nvDm cws mKj wcGmAvB gvgjvmn ixU gvgjv wbw
Ki 1200 KvwU UvKv e- K ivR^ Av`vqi D`vM bqv DwPZ| G feb, PMvgi
Rb `yBRb wiUBbvi ev AvBb civgkK wbqvM `qv DwPZ
24. `ki AfixY hvMvhvM eevi Dbqb KiZ ne| hgb- mycvi nvBIq (wPUvMvs);
gvIqv mZz vcb, e`ii wfZii ivv ck Kiv BZvw`;
25. Kvgm KZci h_vmgq ALvjvmKZ/ AvUKKZ KUBbvi wbjvgi eev Kiv DwPZ|
26. iji KUBbvi nvwjs gZv ew KiZ ne;
27. jvW kwWs-Gi mgq MvwU b Acvikbi Rb AviI 2.5 gMvIqvUi RbviUi q
Kiv cqvRb;
28. c_g I wZxq kYxi bb-KvWvi wbevnx KgKZv wnmve RvZxq ivR^ evW nZ Kvgm
nvDm c`vqbi mswk- KgKZv`i wkvMZ hvMZv, KwDUvi `Zv, Kvgm
msv welq vb, AwfZv, eqm, Kgwbv BZvw` wekl weePbv Kiv `iKvi|
38