cMZ

Qyw Mk- ds-,y- nfg;k] i’kq ’kY;

1
fpf
jktdh; i’kq gLirky] ’kgtkniqj ¼vEck
 cMZ Qyw
,d ifjp;%
&
eqxhZ;ksa dh ,d laØked fcekjh gSA

tks T;knkrj eqxhZ;ksa esa ikbZ tkrh gSA

;g fcekjh ikyrw i’kqvksa o bUlkuksa dks Hkh izHkkfor djrh
gSA
tks fd ukd] xyk] QsQM+ksa dks izHkkfor djrk gSA

QsQM+ksa] e/kqesg] dSalj] xqnzs o fny ds jksxh;ksa dks

T;knk [krjk

2
 cMZ Qyw
bfrgkl
412 ch-lh- esa fgiksØsVl us Qyw tSlh fcekjh ds ckjs
esa loZ izFke mÙkjh ;wuku esa ftØ fd;k gSA
404 ch-lh- esa dqN bfrgkldkj Qyw dks ,Fksal ds [kkres
dk Hkh dkj.k ekurs gSaA
1485 esa fczVsu esa Qyw tSlh fcekjh ds y{.k vk;s Fks]
ftlesa ykk[kksa bUlku izHkkfor gq, FksA bl fcekjh esa
yUnu ds es;j o mlds mÙkjkf/kdkjh lesr 8 yksxksa dh
ekSr
fyf[krgqbZ
:i esaFkhA
lcls igys 1580 esa egkekjh ds :i esa
bUlkuksa esa Hka;dj rckgh QSykus dk mnkgj.k feyrk
gSA ftlesa 90 izfr’kr tula[;k izHkkfor gqbZ FkhA 3
 bfrgkl

18oha‘’krkfC/k ds ’kq: esa MkDVj bls okrkoj.k esa

cnyko dks dkj.k ekurs FksA
18oha‘’krkfC/k esa rhu ckj ¼1729&30] 1732&33]
1781&82½ ;g fcekjh vk;h
1729&30 Qyw ds fjdkWfMM vkadM+s feysA
ftlesa dkQh vkcknh izHkkfor gqbZ Fkh
ysfdu e`R;qnj cgqr de FkhA og Hkh T;knkrj
cqtqxksZa o xHkZorh efgykvksa esaA
1732&33 esa blus vesjhdk esa nLrd nh
1781&82 esa bl fcekjh us Hkkjh tku&eky
dks [kkldj cqtqxksZa dks uqdlku igqapk;kA
4
 bfrgkl
1830 ls 1848 dh egkekjh
bl nkSjku 4 ckj bl fcekjh us vkard epk;k

1830&31% & phu ls 'kq: gqvk

1833% & :l ds if’pe esa QSyk
1836&37% & :l ds mÙkj o nf{k.k esa
1847&48% & nf{k.kh Ýkal esa QSyk fQj ;gka
ls if’peh ;wjksi esa
bu pkjksa ckj bl fcekjh us gtkjksa
bUlkuksa dks viuk xzkl cuk;k 5
 bfrgkl
1889 dk jlh;u Qyw
dgk tkrk gS fd bl nkSjku ;g phu ls 'kq: gqvk tks
fd :l ls gksdj lkjs ;wjksi egkf}i esa QSykA

fnlEcj 1889 esa mÙkjh vesjhdk igqapk

fQj ySfVu vesjhdk esa QSykA
Qjojh 1890 esa ,f’k;k egkf}i esa rckgh epk;h

bl ckj bl egkekjh ls yxHkx 10 yk[k 6

bUlku ekjs x,A
 1918
Lisfu’k
H1N1
7
 bfrgkl
1918 dk Lisfu’k Qyw
;g ,d ,slh egkekjh ds :i esa Fkk ftls vkt ds cM+Z
Qyw ds fy, iSekuk cuk;k x;k gSA

lcls igys 1918 esa clUr _rq esa Lisu ds lku ÝkaflLdks
'kgj esa ik;k x;kA
blesa ukStoku T;knk izHkkfor gq,A
cPps o cqtqxZ de izHkkfor gq,A

8
 1918 dk Lisfu’k Qyw

blds 2 eghus ckn esMjhM dh ,d frgkbZ vkcknh

izHkkfor

xehZ ds c<+rs
gh ;g fcekjh 9
 1918 dk Lisfu’k Qyw

ysfdu dqN eghus

ckn fQj ls xEHkhj
fLFkrh esa vesjhdk]
vÝhdk] Ýkal esa vk 10
 1918 dk Lisfu’k Qyw

flrEcj 1918
cksLVu vesjhdk esa
gj jkst 100 ekSrsa
11
 1918 dk Lisfu’k Qyw

10 vDrwcj 1918
fQykMsyfQ;k esa
gj jkst 759 ekSrsa
12
 1918 dk Lisfu’k Qyw

25 vDrwcj 1918 dk
g¶rk
fQykMsyfQ;k esa
2600 ekSrsa 13
 1918 dk Lisfu’k Qyw

Tku&eky dk uqdlku
Hkkjr esa 2 djksM+ bUlkuksa dh
ekSr
l;qaDr jk"Vª esa 50 yk[k bUlkuksa
dh ekSr
nqfu;k Hkj esa yxHkx 20 fQlnh
vkcknh fcekj
nqfu;k Hkj esa yxHkx 4 djksM+ 14
15
 1918 dk Lisfu’k Qyw

izHkko
lkoZtfud cSBdsa cUn
ljdkjh dk;Zky; cUn
dke djus okys ?kcjk,
;krk;kr BIi
,d gh dcz esa dkQh eqnkZsa dks nQuk;k
de la[;k okyh tkfr;ka [kRe

cslgkjk tk,a rks 16

 1918 dk Lisfu’k Qyw

leL;k,a
dksbZ T;knk lgk;rk ugha
ejhtksa ds fy, pkjikbZ de
eqnksZa dks nQu djus dk jkLrk ugha
rUn:Lrksa dks cpkus dk dksbZ jkLrk ugha
fdrus bl fcekjh o vU; ls ejs
ok;jl ugh <wa<k x;k
dksbZ oSfDlu ugha 17
 1918 dk Lisfu’k Qyw
dqN loky
dgka ls vk;k\
bruk Hk;kud D;ksa Fkk\
D;ksa ukStokuksa o rUn:Lrksa
dks pisV esa fy;k\
dgka x;k\
D;k ;g okfil vk,xk\ 18
 Recreating the virus

The overlapping sequences

Flu victim frozen in Alaskan permafrost Fragments of RNA are
since 1918 retrieved from samples of
lung tisssue, converted
into DNA
are placed together to give
the full genome sequence.
A DNA version is
synthesized in the
laboratory

The virus is isolated from the cells injected to mice. They

all die in 6 days. The DNA is injected into human
kidney cells, which produce lens
19of
virus particles
1957
,f’k;u
20
 1957 dk ,f’k;u Qyw
phu ls 'kq:
Qjojh 1957 esa flaxkiqj esa ok;jl
igpkuk
cr[kksax;k
ds cnys gq, o bUlkuksa ds
ekStwnk LVªsu ls iSnk gqvkA
ebZ 1957 esa oSfDlu cuuh 'kq: o vxLr
esa feyuh 'kq:
xehZ;ksa esa l;qaDr jk"Vª
igaqpk
20 yk[k yksxksa dh ekSr 21
 1957 dk ,f’k;u Qyw

dqN [kkl
lcls T;knk Ldwyh cPps ¼6&12lky
ds½] uo;qod] xHkZorh efgyk,a
izHkkfor
T;knkrj ekSrsa bUQyw,Utk o
U;weksfu;k ls [kRe lk gqvk
fnlEcj 1957 esa
ysfdu tuojh o Qjojh 1958 esa
nksckjk
;g ,d xzqi dks tdM+rk] de mxz
gksrk fQj nwljs xqzi dks tdM+rk
22
 1957 dk ,f’k;u Qyw
fo’o LokLFk; laxBu ds
vuqlkj
;g fcekjh turk ds bDdBk gksus
¼tSls fd feVhax o esyksa esa½ ds
nkSjku T;knk ikbZ xbZ
dqN ns’kksa esa igys dSEiksa]
lsuk f’kfojksa o Ldwyh cPpksa esa
ikbZ xbZ
23
 1968
gkWUx
dkWUx 24
1968 dk gkWUx dkWUx Qyw
1968 ds 'kq: esa gkWUx
dkWUx
vxyh nks ls
QSyk
'kq:
lnhZ;ksa esa fo’o ds nwljs ns’kksa esa
T;knkrj 65 lky ls T;knk dh mej ds cqtqxksZa dh
ekSr
dqN eghus 'kkUr jgk
fQj 1969 ds vkf[kj
o 1970 ds 'kq: esa 25
1968 dk gkWUx dkWUx Qyw

nqfu;kHkj esa 10 yk[k yksx

ekjs x,
l;qaDr jk"Vª esa 34000 yksx
ekjs x,
1968 esa l;qaDr jk"Vª esa
vkus ds ckn oSfDlu cuuh
'kq:
26
 1968 dk gkWUx dkWUx Qyw

dqN [kkl
,f’k;u Qyw ok;jl dh rjg gksus ls
jksx izfrjks/kd {kerk c<+us ls
uqdlku de
flrEcj o vDrwcj esa
Ldwyksa dh
NqV~Vh;ka gksus ls
jksx izfrjks/kd {kerk T;knk
de gksus ds
ugha QSyk
dkj.k mRiUu fcekjh;ksa dh 27
 1976
lwdj Qyw
28
 1976 & lwdj Qyw

27 tuojh 1976 dks QksVZ fMDl

& U;w tlhZ
12 Qjojh 1976 & ,p1,u1 LVªsu
feyk
24 ekpZ 1976 jk"Vªifr xsjkYM QksVZ
oSKkfudksa ls feys
o cM+s iSikus ij oSfDluslu dk QSlyk
1 vDrwcj & 16 fnlEcj 1976 rd 4
djksM+ yksxksa dks Vhdkdj.k 29
 1976 & lwdj Qyw

oSfDlu ds nq"izHkko
2300 yksxksa dks vk?kkr
igqapk
7000 yksxksa dks fny dk
nkSjk iM+k
45 yksxksa dks fnekxh
cq[kkj
9000 yksxksa dks
U;weksfu;k 30
 1976 & lwdj Qyw

uoEcj 1976 esa feuslksVk esa

ydok o U;weksfu;k ds ?kkrd
gksus dh lwpuk
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
(Neurological disorder)

16 fnlEcj 1976 dks lwdj Qyw dh

lLisalu dks bldk dkj.k crk;k x;k
31
 1976 & lwdj Qyw

bl nkSjku 19 lSEiy fy, x,]

ftuesa ls
11 esa Qyw

4 esa lwdj Qyw

,d dh ekSr gqbZ

32
 1997 dk Qyw
gkWUx dkWUx esa ,p5,u1 ls
iSnk gqvk
igyk ekSdk tc ,fo;u buQyw,Utk
if{k;ksa ls vkneh;ksa esa vk;k
gkWUx dkWUx ls ,f’k;k o ;wjksi ds
ns’kksa esa QSyk
120 vkneh pisV esa vk, o 60 ejsA
2003 esa nksckjk fQj blus nLrd nhA
33
 1999 dk Qyw
gkWUx dkWUx esa ,p9,u2 ls
iSnk gqvk
1997 ds ,p5,u1 ls
de ?kkrd

34
 2003
ekpZ 2003 esa dkWuSDVhdV o
uhnjyS.M esa

blds ckn fo’o

ds vU;
ns’kksa esa 35
 uohure fLFkrh
WHO }kjk pkj ns’kksa &
dEcksMh;k] b.Mksusf’k;k]
FkkbZySaM o fo;ruke esa 1
uoEcj 2005 dks 122 dsl
blesa ,p5,u1 ik;k x;k
fjiksVZ fd;s ftu esa ls 62 ekjs
x,A
;g vHkh rd py 36
Hkkjr esa uohure fLFkrh
dh leh{kk
2003 ls Qjojh 2006 rd i’kq jksx
iz;ksx’kyk Hkksiky yxHkx 25000
lSEiy pSd fd;s ysfdu fdlh esa Hkh
,p5 ,u1 ugh ik;k x;k
Hkkjr esa ,p5 ,u1 18 Qjojh 2006
i’kq jksx iz;ksx’kyk Hkksiky dhs
fjiksVZ vuqlkj egkjk"Vª ds uokiqj
¼uUnwjckj½ esa ,p5 ,u1 ls gqvk
37
Hkkjr esa uohure fLFkrh
dh leh{kk
bl nkSjku 3 cPps o 1 efgyk esa
Qyw tSlh fcekjh ds y{.k ik, tkus
ds ckn gLirky esa Hkjrh djk;k x;k
blds ckn vkSj lSEiy VSLV fd, x,
ysfdu fdlh Hkh bUlku esa ,p5 ,u1
ugha ik;k x;k
38
Hkkjr esa uohure fLFkrh
dh leh{kk
6 vizSy 2006 dh [kcj ds vuqlkj
tyxkao ftys ds 14 vU; xkaoksa
QSyk
tyxkao ftys ds utnhd e/;izns’k ds
cqgkZuiqj ftys esa Hkh blus nLrd
nh
39
Hkkjr esa uohure fLFkrh
dh leh{kk
bl nkSjku yxHkx 5
yk[k eqxhZ;ksa dks
ekjk x;k
9 iksYVªh QkeksZa
ds ekfydksa us vkRe 40
Hkkjr esa uohure fLFkrh
dh leh{kk
25 tqykbZ 2007 dks
euhiqj esa e;kaekj ds
ckWMZj ds ikl fjiksVZ
15 tuojh 2008
gqvk dks
if’peh caxky esa 41
Hkkjr esa uohure fLFkrh
dh leh{kk
28 ebZ 2008
Scientists have found evidence that North
American avian influenza viruses of the
H7 subtype are becoming more like
human flu viruses in their ability to attach
to host cells, which suggests they may be
improving their capacity to infect humans
42
43
 44
http://www.who.int/csr/disease/avian_influenza/country/en/index.html
45