Am

Bo co TM d n u t nng cp m rng kho phn bn v thuc bo v thc vt
MC LC CN C PHP L............................................................................................6 CN C TI LIU K THUT.....................................................................8 CHNG TRNH QUN L V GIM ST MI TRNG.....................75 CHNG 6............................................................................................................81 THAM VN KIN CNG NG..................................................................81
Ch u t: Cng ty TNHH Hu Thnh I n v t vn: Cng ty TNHH DV&TV Mai Anh
DANH MC CC BNG BNG 1. TNG QUY M, SC CHA D N THEO HIN TRNG.......12 BNG 2. TNG QUY M, SC CHA CC KHO SAU NNG CP.........13 BNG 3. PHN KHU CHC NNG THEO HIN TRNG..........................13 BNG 4. PHN KHU CHC NNG THEO PHNG N MI..................14 BNG 5. DANH MC MY MC THIT B..................................................18 BNG 6. NHU CU V THUC BO V THC VT.................................19 BNG 7. NHU CU PHN BN CC LOI...................................................19 BNG 8. TIN THC HIN D N..........................................................20 BNG 9. V TR CC IM LY MU CHT LNG KHNG KH.....24 BNG 10. KT QU PHN TCH KHNG KH XUNG QUANH KHU D N 24 BNG 11. CH TIU PHN TCH V PHNG PHP PHN TCH NC MT......................................................................................................25 BNG 12. KT QU QUAN TRC CHT LNG NC NGM............26 BNG 13. KT QU QUAN TRC T DN SINH NM 2010.................27 BNG 14. CC TC NG CHNH N MI TRNG TRONG GIAI ON XY DNG..........................................................................................32 BNG 15. CC NGUN GY TC NG N MI TRNG................33 BNG 16. H S NHIM DO HOAT NG XY DNG........................33 BNG 17. TI LNG NHIM KHNG KH DO PHNG TIN GIAO THNG .........................................................................................34 BNG 18. H S PHT THI NHIM NG VI NG KNH QUE HN 34 BNG 19. TNH CHT C TRNG CA NC THI SINH HOT.....35 BNG 20. KHI LNG CHT NHIM DO MI NGI HNG NGY A VO MI TRNG.............................................................................36 BNG 21. MC N SINH RA T HOT NG CA CC THIT B THI CNG 38 BNG 22. MC N IN HNH CC CNG TRNG XY DNG (N V TNH DBA)......................................................................................38
BNG 23. TM TT CC NGUN NHIM CA D N........................40 BNG 24. TNH CHT C TRNG CA NC THI SINH HOT.....43 BNG 25. THNH PHN CHT THI RN SINH HOT...........................44 BNG 26.PHN LOI NHM C THUC BVTV VIT NAM V CC BIU TNG V C CN GHI TRN NHN................................47 BNG 27. THANH PHN TINH CHT NC THAI SINH HOAT SAU KHI QUA B T HOAI..................................................................................62 BNG 28. K HOCH QUN L MI TRNG V THI GIAN THC HIN 76 BNG 29. D TR KINH PH CC CNG TRNH BO V MI TRNG..........................................................................................................78 DANH MC CC HNH HNH 1. V TR KHO THUC BO V THC VT ...................................11 HNH 2. S QUI TRNH XUT NHP KHO............................................17 HNH 3. S H THNG THOT NC..................................................61 HNH 4. S B T HOI 3 NGN.............................................................62 HNH 5. S TM TT QUI TRNH QUN L CHT THI RN TI KHO 64
DANH MC NHNG THUT NG VIT TT BOD COD BTCT CO DO NOx SO2 SS BTNMT TN&MT TM QCVN PCCC MPN TNHH CCN XNK BVTV UBND UBMTTQ WHO KHCN PCCN DV-TV ATL PCCN BVMT Biochemical Oxygen Demand nhu cu oxy sinh hc Chemical Oxygen Demand nhu cu oxy hoa hc B tng ct thp Oxit ca cacbon Ch s oxy ha tan Oxit ca nit Lu hunh ixit Tng cht rn l lng B Ti nguyn Mi trng Ti nguyn v Mi trng nh gi tc ng mi trng Quy chun Vit Nam Phng chy cha chy S ln nht c th m c (phng php xc nh vi sinh) Trch nhim hu hn Cm cng nghip Xut nhp khu Bo v thc vt y ban nhn dn y ban mt trn t quc T chc Y t th gii Khoa hc cng ngh Phng chng chy n Dch v-T vn An ton lao ng Phng chng chy n Bo v mi trng
CHXHCNVN Cng ha X hi Ch ngha Vit Nam
M U 1. XUT X D N 1.1. Tm tt v xut x, hon cnh ra i ca d n ng Thp l tnh u ngun sng Cu Long, c 02 dng sng chnh chy qua l sng Tin v sng Hu nn t ai ph sa mu m, rt thun li pht trin nng nghip. ng Thp c ti 79% dn s sng bng ngh nng, 245.044 ha t nng nghip, c khong 7.062 ha t cy cng nghip, 17.521 ha t vn cho nn nhu cu v phn bn v thuc BVTV rt ln. Nhn thy nhu cu v phn bn, thuc BVTV l khng th thiu cho nn kinh t nng nghip, cng vi s khuyn khch u t trong lnh vc nng nghip v kinh nghim nhiu nm trong vic kinh doanh thuc BVTV nn Cng ty TNHH Hu Thnh I quyt nh u t ci to nng cp kho cha thuc BVTV ti x Bnh Thnh, huyn Lp V p ng nhu cu th trng. D n ngoi vic gip cho c s tng doanh thu m cn h tr nn kinh t nng nghip a phng v vng ln cn pht trin n nh thng qua vic cung cp y ngun phn bn, thuc BVTV vi gi c n nh. D n hon ton ph hp vi cng cuc cng nghip ha, hin i ha nng nghip nng thn. Mc d, d n c nhiu thun li v khi trin khai s mang li li t kinh t cao gp phn pht trin x hi. Tuy nhin, ngoi nhng tc ng tch cc n nn nng nghip th hot ng ca kho s gy ra nhng tc ng n ti nguyn, mi trng ca khu vc cng nh n i sng ca ngi dn xung quanh nu khng c gii php hu hiu khc phc nhng ngun nhim. Nhn thy nhng tc ng tiu cc n mi trng v thc hin theo ng quy nh ca Lut bo v mi trng, Ch u t phi hp vi Cng ty TNHH DV & TV Mai Anh lp Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng cho d n trnh y ban Nhn dn tnh thng qua. Ni dung v trnh t cc bc thc hin TM c tun th theo ng cc quy nh php lut v mi trng v hng dn ca Thng t 26/2011/TT-BTNMT ngy 17/7/2011 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng. Bo co TM s l cng c khoa hc nhm phn tch, nh gi cc tc ng c li, c hi, trc tip, gin tip, trc mt v lu di trong qu trnh xy dng v hot ng ca d n. Qua la chn v xut phng n ti u hn ch, ngn nga v x l cc tc ng tiu cc, khng gy nhim mi trng, gp phn vo pht trin bn vng ca x hi ni chung v ca a phng ni ring. 1.2. C quan c thm quyn ph duyt d n C quan ph duyt d n l Cng ty TNHH Hu Thnh I C quan ph duyt bo co TM l UBND tnh ng Thp
2. CN C PHP L V K THUT CA VIC THC HIN NH GI TC NG MI TRNG CN C PHP L Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng d n u t nng cp m rng kho phn bn v thuc bo v thc vt c thc hin trn c s cc vn bn php l sau:
- Lut Bo v mi trng c Quc hi nc Cng ha X hi Ch ngha
Vit Nam kha XI thng qua ngy 29 thng 11 nm 2005, c hiu lc thi hnh t ngy 01/7/2006. - Ngh nh s 58/2002/N-CP ngy 03 thng 6 nm 2002 ca Chnh ph v vic ban iu l bo v thc vt, iu l kim dch thc vt v iu l qun l thuc bo v thc vt. - Ngh nh s 26/2003/N-CP ngy 19 thng 03 nm 2003 ca Chnh ph v vic Quy nh x pht vi phm hnh chnh trong lnh vc bo v v kim dch thc vt.
- Ngh nh s 108 /2006/N-CP ngy 29/11/2005 ca Chnh Ph v vic Quy
nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut u t. - Ngh nh s 80/2006/N-CP ngy 09 thng 8 nm 2006 ca Chnh ph v vic quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Bo v Mi trng. - Ngh nh s 59/2006/N-CP ngy 12 thng 06 nm 2006 ca Chnh ph Quy nh chi tit Lut Thng mi v hng ha, dch v cm mua bn, hn ch kinh doanh v kinh doanh c iu kin.
- Ngh nh s 59/2007/N-CP ngy 09 thng 04 nm 2007 v vic qun l
cht thi rn. - Ngh nh s 21/2008/N-CP ngy 22 thng 2 nm 2008 ca Chnh Ph v vic chnh sa, b sung mt s iu trong Ngh nh 80/2006/N-CP ngy 9 thng 8 nm 2006 ca Chnh Ph v vic quy nh chi tit v hng dn thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Bo v Mi trng.
- Thng t s 26/2011/TT-BTNMT ngy 18 thng 7 nm 2011 ca B Ti
nguyn v Mi trng qui nh mt s iu ca Ngh nh 29/2010/N-CP ngy 18 thng 4 nm 2010 ca Chnh ph quy nh v nh gi mi trng chin lc, nh gi tc ng mi trng v cam kt bo v mi trng. - Thng t s 12/2011/TT-BTNMT ngy 14 thng 4 nm 2011 ca B Ti nguyn v mi trng v qun l cht thi nguy hi.
- Thng t s 03/2009/TT-BNN ca B Nng nghip Pht Trin Nng Thn
v vic b sung mt s loi thuc bo v thc vt vo danh mc thuc bo v thc vt c php s dng Vit Nam.
- Thng t 24/2010/TT-BNNPTNT ngy 8 thng 4 nm 2010 v vic ban
hnh Danh mc thuc bo v thc vt c php s dng, hn ch s dng, cm s dng Vit Nam. - Thng t 38/2010/TT-BNNPTNT ngy 28 thng 6 nm 2010 ca B Nng nghip v Pht trin Nng thn quy nh v qun l thuc bo v thc vt. - Thng t s 46/2010/TT-BNNPTNT ngy 22 thng 7 nm 2010 ca B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn V vic sa i, b sung mt s ni dung ca Thng t s 24/2010/TT-BNNPTNT ngy 8 thng 4 nm 2010 v vic ban hnh Danh mc thuc bo v thc vt c php s dng, hn ch s dng, cm s dng Vit Nam ca B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn. - Thng t s 71 /2010/TT-BNNPTNT ngy 10 thng 12 nm 2010 ca B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn v vic Ban hnh Quy chun k thut Quc gia v kim dch v Bo v thc vt.
- Quyt nh s 16/Q-BTNMT ngy 31 thng 12 nm 2009 ca BTNMT v
vic ban hnh Quy chun k thut quc gia v mi trng. - Cng vn s 1538 /BVTV-QLT ca Cc bo v thc vt v vic hng dn thi hnh Thng t s 38/2010/TT-BNNPTNT. - Cc tiu chun, Quy chun Vit Nam v mi trng p dng nh sau: QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut Quc gia v cht lng khng kh xung quanh. QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut Quc gia v mt s cht c hi trong khng kh xung quanh. QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut Quc gia v ngng cht thi nguy hi. QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut Quc gia v cht lng nc mt. QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut Quc gia v cht lng nc thi sinh hot. QCVN 19:2009/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut Quc gia v kh thi cng nghip i vi bi v cc cht v c. QCVN 20:2009/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut Quc gia v kh thi cng nghip i vi mt s cht hu c.
QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut Quc gia v nc thi cng nghip. QCVN 21:2009/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut Quc gia v kh thi cng nghip sn xut phn bn ha hc. QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT: Quy chun k thut Quc gia v ting n. CN C TI LIU K THUT
- Bo co u t ca d n u t ci to, m rng kho phn bn v thuc bo
v thc vt. - Ti liu thc t v iu tra, kho st hin trng khu vc d n.

- Bo co quan trc mi trng ng Thp, S Ti nguyn v Mi trng
ng Thp, 2010. - Kt qu thu thp, phn tch mu v kho st hin trng khu vc d n.
- L Trnh, nh gi tc ng mi trng - Phng php v ng dng, 2000.
- PGS.TS-L Huy B, c hc mi trng, 2000. - ng Kim Chi, Ha hc mi trng, 1998.

- PTS. Nguyn Duy ng Thng gi v k thut x l kh thi NXB gio
dc, 1999.
- Cc s liu hin trng cht lng mi trng t nhin khu vc huyn Lp
V, tnh ng Thp.
- Cc s liu iu kin t nhin tnh ng Thp.
3. PHNG PHP P DNG TRONG QU TRNH TM Cc phng php TM p dng trong bo co gm: - Phng php thng k: thu thp cc s liu v iu kin t nhin, kh hu, a hnh v iu kin kinh t, x hi khu vc d n.
- Phng php ly mu ngoi hin trng v phn tch trong phng th
nghim: Nhm xc nh cc thng s v hin trng cht lng khng kh, nc, n ti khu t d n v khu vc xung quanh. - Phng php nh gi nhanh: Phng php nh gi nhanh do T chc Y t th gii (WHO) ban hnh nm 1993, p dng nh gi ti lng v nng cc cht nhim trong nc thi v kh thi, t xut nhng bin php gim thiu thch hp.
- Phng php phng on: Da trn c s l lun v thc tin phng on cc tc ng c th c, trn c s nh gi tc ng ca d n n mi trng trong khu vc. - Phng php so snh: Da trn c s cc s liu tnh ton v phn tch, so snh vi cc tiu chun/ Quy chun mi trng hin hnh nh gi tc ng ca d n n mi trng. 4. T CHC THC HIN TM bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng t cht lng cao v c nhng gii php xut x l nhim mi trng thit thc ph hp vi vng d n, Ch u t kt hp cng n v t vn Cng ty TNHH DV - TV Mai Anh tin hnh lp Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng cho d n. Cng ty TNHH DV - TV Mai Anh Gim c: B Bi Th Kim Yn a ch: T 27, Khm 2, Phng 3, thnh ph Cao Lnh, tnh ng Thp in thoi: 067.3854922, Fax: 067.3854922 Nhng c nhn trc tip tham gia lp bo co: on Ngc Minh, Nguyn Thnh Trung, Nguyn Tn Lc, Trn Quang Vinh, Chung Th Thanh Thu Nguyn Ngc No C nhn S phm k thut Th.s Nng nghip K s mi trng K s mi trng Gim c Cng ty Hu Thnh I P.Gim c CT Hu Thnh I
Trong qu trnh lp bo co nhn c s phi hp tch cc ca Ch u t v cc c quan hu quan nh: S Cng Thng, S Ti nguyn v Mi trng, Chi cc Bo v Mi trng, Chi cc bo v thc vt tnh ng Thp, phng Ti nguyn v Mi trng huyn Lp V v UBND, UBMTTQVN x Bnh Thnh. Nhm lp bo co xin chn thnh cm n!
CHNG 1 M T TM TT D N 1.1. TN D N D N U T NNG CP KHO PHN BN V THUC BO V THC VT 1.2. CH D N - Tn ch d n: Cng ty TNHH Hu Thnh I. - Ngi i din: B Chung Th Thanh Thy, Quc tch: Vit Nam, ch tch Hi ng thnh vin kim Gim c cng ty. - a ch lin h: s 503, p Bnh Li, x Bnh Thnh, huyn Lp V, tnh ng Thp. - in thoi: 067.3845171; Fax: 067.3845925 - Ngnh ngh kinh doanh: hot ng theo giy chng nhn ng k kinh doanh s 1400568663 do Phng ng k Kinh doanh-S K hoch v u t tnh ng Thp cp, kinh doanh mua bn phn bn. - Chng ch hnh ngh bun bn thuc bo v thc vt s 258/CC.BVTV do Chi cc BVTV ng Thp cp ngy 22 thng 9 nm 2003. 1.3. V TR A L CA D N D n u t nng cp m rng kho phn bn v thuc bo v thc vt c xy dng trn 2 khu t gn nhau c din tch 3.644m2 ti p Bnh Li, x Bnh Thnh, huyn Lp V, tnh ng Thp. V tr c UBND x Bnh Thnh chp thun cho xy dng kho cha thuc bo v thc vt theo vn bn xc nhn ngy 06 thng 6 nm 2011. Cc hng tip gip nh sau: * i vi khu t s 1 (hin trng l Kho g tm A (179m2) v Kho B (1.169m2) Pha ng : Gip nh dn Pha Ty : Gip rch 26-3 Pha Nam : Gip ng Ci Du-Vm Cng Pha Bc : Gip knh xng Lp V * i vi khu t s 2 (Kho C, din tch 540m2) Pha ng : Gip t trng cy lu nm ca ng Quang Pha Ty : Gip rch 26-3 Pha Nam : Gip nh dn Pha Bc : Gip ng Ci Du-Vm Cng
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- D n c mt bng t nhin rng, nm trn trc knh xng Lp V nn rt thun li cho vic vn chuyn hng ha bng ng ng thy. Thun li hn l d n nm trong vng sn xut nng nghip cho nn nhu cu v phn bn v thuc BVTV rt cao, s gip c s trong vic tiu th hng ha, tng li nhun pht trin c s. - D n nm trong khu vc quy hoch vng sn xut knh sng xng Lp V. - Bn cnh nhng thun li th cng c mt vi kh khn nht nh nh v tr d n kh gn dn nn trong qu trnh hot ng nu khng c nhng gii php BVMT tt th hi thuc, mi hi c trng ca kho s lm nh hng n nhng h dn ln cn. Chnh v vy, ch d n phi c nhng gii php cng nh u t chi ph cao hn gii quyt trit vn mi trng ca kho, p ng cc quy nh ca php lut v BVMT v bo v sc khe ca ngi dn trong vng.
Hnh 1. V tr Kho thuc Bo v thc vt
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1.4. NI DUNG CH YU CA D N 1.4.1. Mc tiu v ngha ca d n Mc tiu: u t nng cp kho cha phn bn v thuc bo v thc vt ti huyn Lp V t c nhng mc tiu nh sau:
a.
- Cung cp y cc loi phn bn, thuc tr su cho ngi dn bo v, tng trng cy trng, tng nng sut v cht lng nng sn, pht trin kinh t nng nghip. - n nh ngun cung cp phn bn thuc tr su trong khu vc, n nh th trng nng dn an tm sn xut. - Thng qua d n tng doanh thu cho cng ty v tng ngun thu np ngn sch nh nc.
b.
ngha: Khi D n i vo hot ng s mang li cc li ch sau:
- Gp phn thc hin thnh cng ch trng cng nghip ha hin i ha nng thn, pht trin nn kinh t nng nghip theo hng cng nghip hin i. - Gii quyt vic lm cho mt lc lng lao ng nhn ri a phng, tng thm thu nhp cho ngi dn khu vc d n, thng qua gip n nh an ninh trt t v pht trin x hi. - Gip n nh gi thnh vt t nng nghip trong vng, tng s cnh tranh, gim gi thnh vt t. 1.4.2. Khi lng quy m cc hng mc d n 1.4.2.1. Quy m ca d n - Hin d n c 03 kho gm kho A, (kho g tm), sc cha 30 tn phn, 2 tn thuc; Kho B din tch 1.169m2, sc cha 800 tn phn v 4 tn thuc v Kho C din tch 540m2 vi sc cha 500 tn phn. Bng 1. Tng quy m, sc cha d n theo hin trng Stt 1 2 3 Tng Tn kho Kho A (kho g) Kho B Kho C Din tch xy dng 179m2 1.169m2 540m2 Sc cha (tn) Phn bn 30 800 500 1.330 Thuc 02 04 06 Ngun: ch d n
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Sc cha hin ti ca cc kho khng p ng c nhu cu kinh doanh hng ho. Chnh vy Cng ty s u t ci to nng cp cao trnh nn kho B v Kho C, ng thi xy mi Kho A nng sc cha kho t 1.330 tn phn ln 1.800 tn phn. Bng 2. Tng quy m, sc cha cc kho sau nng cp Stt 1 2 3 Tn kho Kho A (kho mi) Kho B Kho C Din tch xy dng 379m2 1.169m2 540m2 Sc cha (tn) Phn bn 500 800 500 1.800 Thuc BVTV 06 06 Ngun: d n u t 1.4.2.2. Cc hng mc cng trnh
a. Cc hng mc cng trnh chnh ca d n
Ghi ch Chuyn thuc BVTV ln kho C
Tng
(1). V quy hoch tng th - Hin trng v quy hoch: D n c xy dng trn khu vc rng 3.644m2 c phn thnh cc khi chc nng nh sau: Bng 3. Phn khu chc nng theo hin trng Stt I 1 2 1 2 Kho A Khu vc cha phn bn Khu vc cha thuc BVTV 1.169 32,08 Khu vc cha phn bn Khu vc cha thuc BVTV 540 1.656 100 3.644 14,82 45,44 2,74 100 Cc hng mc chnh Din tch (m2) 179 % Din tch 4,91
II Kho B
III Kho C IV ng ni b, cy xanh V Vn phng Tng din tch t
Ngun: D n u t u t xy dng kho phn bn v thuc bo v thc vt

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Theo quy hoch phn khu chc nng nh trn c nhng hn ch nh sau: Hin ti kho A xung cp, h hng nn khng m bo an ton lu cha thuc bo v thc vt. Din tch kho qu nh, khng p ng c nhu cu lu cha hng ho. Kho A v Kho B gn b sng nhng li b tr xp xp thuc bo v thc vt l khng ph hp, an ton thp, khng m bo khong cch cch ly vi b sng theo quy nh v nu xy ra s c chy n th kh nng gy nh hng mi trng ln. Din tch s dng trng cy xanh v ng ni b kh cao gy lng ph qu t. Cao trnh nn cc kho thp c kh nng b ngp lc khi l cao. Cc kho cha c h thng qut thng gi nn cn phi u t ci to to mi trng thng thong m bo iu kin lao ng cho cng nhn. - Quy hoch mi khc phc nhng hn ch trn Cng ty s xy mi li kho A v quy hoch b tr li chc nng kho theo phng n nh sau: Bng 4. Phn khu chc nng theo phng n mi Stt 1 2 3 4 5 Cc hng mc chnh Kho A (ch cha phn bn) Kho B (ch cha phn bn) Kho C (cha phn bn v thuc BVTV) ng ni b, cy xanh Vn phng Tng din tch t (2). V cu trc, thit k kho B v C Kho c thit k theo kiu nh st cng nghip tin ch, khung ko thp; mi nh lp tn sng vung, nn b tng; c th nh sau: - Cu trc mi: mi h, c thit k vi h thng khung ct thp chu lc, ko thp mi nhp dy 35m, tole sng vung dy 0,45mm, x g thp hnh ch C quy cch 50 x 10 x 2mm, bc x g bnh qun 1,3, dc 18%, thng gi bng mi h v s lp t thm h thng qut thng gi trn my.
Din tch (m2) 379 1.169 540 1.456 100 3.644
% Din tch 10,40 32,08 14,82 39,96 2,74 100
Ngun: D n u t u t xy dng kho phn bn v thuc bo v thc vt
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- Cu trc vch: Vch xung quanh kho xy tng bng gch ng cu gch th v qut vi mu. - Nn: b tng ct thp m bo xe ti 10 tn ra vo v khng b m mc. - Ct nn hin ti l +1,5m nhng nh l nm 2000 ti khu vc ny l 1,8m, cho nn Cng ty s tin hnh nng cao cao trnh nn kho ln 2.0m m bo khng b ngp khi l ln. - Xy mi b k b tng chng st l khu vc kho A v kho B. - Xy mi hng ro bo v quanh d n. (3). Cu trc thit k kho A - Tho d ton b kho A c v nng cp cao trnh nn kho ln 2.0m. - M rng din tch xy dng kho t 179m2 ln 379m2 - Cu trc kho s c thc hin ging kho B b. Cc cng trnh ph tr Hin d n u t hon chnh cc hng mc cng trnh ph nh sau: (1). H thng cp v nhu cu dng: s dng nc cp ca x, tng s cng nhn khong 20 ngi v lng nc s dng khong 2m3/ngy. Ngoi ra, cn s dng ngun nc mt ti cy, PCCC. (2). H thng cng thot ma: s dng cng b tng 500 lp t xung quanh hng ro kho thot nc ma ra knh xng Lp V. (3). H thng PCCC: thit k m bo an ton c kh nng dp tt m chy trong mi tnh hung v m bo cc yu cu v PCCC theo ng quy nh ca Ngh nh s 35/2003/N-CP ngy 14 thng 4 nm 2003 ca Chnh ph v vic quy nh chi tit thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut phng chy v cha chy. C bn ch d n s trang b nhng thit b sau: - Mt my bm in 20HP v 01 my bm ng c diesel 15HP. - 03 Hp cu ha 600 x 400 x 200, trong mi hp c: 1 van kha ng knh 50mm, 1 cun vi ng knh 50mm di 20m, 1 ln phun nc cha chy ng knh 50mm/13mm vi lu lng 2,5 l/s p lc 2,5 kg/cm2. - 8 Bnh cha chy 8 - 12kg. - Trn nc kho b tr thu li chng st, tip a bo m k thut. - Cp nc cho PCCC: khng xy h cha nc m s dng trc tip nc mt knh xng Lp V.
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(4). H thng cp in v nhu cu s dng in: in s dng cho mc ch sinh hot ca nhn vin, ch yu dng chiu sng v bm nc, khi lng d kin khong 500 KW/thng. in c h th t h thng in li Quc gia, thng qua s qun l, phn phi v cung ng ca Chi nhnh in lc huyn Lp V. (5). H thng giao thng: v tr d n thun li v giao thng thy b, sng Tin v sng Hu nm pha Bc v pha Nam huyn, gia huyn c tuyn knh Xng Lp V chy sut t Ty sang ng. Quc l 80 v quc l 54 cng vi 4 tnh l xuyn qua a bn huyn, ni lin cc tnh, huyn ln cn; pha Ty c bn ph Vm Cng, pha Bc c bn ph Cao Lnh. Trong nhng nm gn y, huyn Lp V c nhng i thay rt r nt. Nhiu d n u t pht trin cng nghip gn vi pht trin th c trin khai thc hin, gip cho Lp V tr thnh a phng c tc th ho nhanh so vi cc huyn khc trong tnh. (6). H thng thng tin lin lc: Khu vc d n c ph y sng thng tin lin lc hin i nh: mng in thoi, internet, bu in v cc dch v bu chnh khc. in thoi pht trin vi t l 80 my/100 dn. Cc dch v thng tin hin i p ng nhu cu ca ngi dn. (7). H thng thng gi kho: thit k kho cu trc mi h tng kh nng lu thng khng kh trong kho, m bo an ton cho cng nhn ra vo kho. tng kh nng thng gi, ch d n s lp t thm cc qu cu thng gi.
16
1.4.3. Qui trnh xut nhp hng
m bo an ton cho hot ng ca kho, ch u t xy dng qui trnh hot ng ca kho nh sau: t hng
Cc yu t tc ng n mi trng - Khi thi - Tai nn giao thng - Hng v, h hng - Hng khng t cht lng, hng h hng khi vn chuyn - Mi hi - Phn bn ri vi - Hng ha v - Phn bn ri vi - Hng ha v
Vn chuyn
Kim tra
Nhp kho
Xut kho
Vn chuyn
- Khi thi - Tai nn giao thng - Hng v h hng
Ngi tiu dng Hnh 2. S qui trnh xut nhp kho Thuyt minh qui trnh - Bc 1. t hng: Tu vo thi tit, nhu cu v tnh hnh su bnh vo tng thi im ma v, Cng ty s t hng cc nh cung cp (cc cng ty, doanh nghip sn xut phn bn, thuc BVTV) cc mt hng phn bn, thuc BVTV khc m bo v ch ng c ngun hng cung cp cho ngi dn. - Bc 2. vn chuyn: Thng qua n t hng cc nh cung cp s t vn chuyn v giao cho i l ti kho. Cc mt hng thuc BVTV thng vn chuyn bng xe chuyn dng, cc loi phn bn thng vn chuyn bng ghe, s lan. - Bc 3. kim tra: Khi hng ha vn chuyn v n kho, cng ty s kim tra s lng, chng loi, cht lng hng ha (kim tra theo kinh nghim v thng s
17
cht lng ca nh cung cp) trc khi nhp kho, hng ha khng t cht lng hay b h hng trong qu trnh vn chuyn s tr li nh cung cp. - Bc 4. nhp kho: Hng ha sau kim tra c cng nhn bc xp ln kho. Hng ha trong kho c sp xp ngn np, gn gng, m bo an ton theo ng v tr c quy nh. i vi phn bn phi c k ln balet khng b m thp, i vi thuc phi sp xp ln k. - Bc 5. xut kho: Xut bn l ti i l hoc cung cp cho cc i l cp 2. Nhn vin gi kho phi kim tra, giao ng s lng, ng loi theo phiu xut ca ch kho cho nhn vin vn chuyn hoc trc tip cho khch hng. - Bc 6. vn chuyn: i vi nhng khch hng mua t 300 kg phn tr ln s c h tr giao n nh. Ty theo v tr giao hng m c th b tr phng tin vn chuyn bng ghe hay bng xe. Trong qu trnh vn chuyn nhn vin phi chp hnh nghim cc quy nh v an ton giao thng, m bo an ton hng ha. 1.4.4. Nhu cu trang thit b my mc Ton b my mc thit b phc v cho kho u c u t mi hon ton. Cc thit b c trnh by trong bng sau: Bng 5. Danh mc my mc thit b Stt 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Xe ti 5 tn X lan 100 tn Bnh cha chy Xe ko tay Bm nc cha chy 10 HP (ng c in) My bm nc cha chy 15 HP (ng c du) Hp cha chy Qu cu thng gi Bng ti Loi thit b n v Chic Chic Ci Ci Ci Ci Ci Ci Ci S lng 3 1 9 6 1 1 3 8 4 Xut x Vit Nam Vit Nam Vit Nam Vit Nam Nhp Vit Nam Vit Nam Vit Nam Vit Nam
Ngun: Ch d n cung cp
1.4.5. Nhu cu s dng vt t nng nghip v nhin liu
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- Nhu cu vt t nng nghip: Vt t nng nghip (phn bn, thuc BVTV) l ngun cung cp u vo v cng l sn phm kinh doanh ca kho. Trn th trng c rt nhiu nh cung cp, cng nh s a dng tn thng mi thuc BVTV. Do khng th lit k y cc sn phm vt t nng nghip theo tn thng mi c m c bn phn loi thnh cc nhm chnh s kinh doanh nh sau: Bng 6. Nhu cu v thuc bo v thc vt TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Thuc tr su Thuc tr ng vt hoang d hi ma mng Thuc tr bnh Thuc tr c hi ma mng Thuc tr c di Thuc xng hi dit tr su bnh hi nng sn trong kho Thuc tr nhn hi cy Thuc tr thn cy mc Thuc tr tuyn trng Thuc lm rng l cy Thuc tr c bu vng Thuc lm kh cy Thuc tr chut Thuc iu ho sinh trng cy Thuc tr chim hi ma mng Tn thuc BVTV Dng sn phm Lng Lng Lng Bt Bt Lng Lng Lng Ht, bt Lng Lng Lng Bt, Ht Lng Lng Ngun: Ch d n cung cp Khi lng nhp vo kho ty thuc vo tng thi im, theo tng ma v khc nhau. Bng 7. Nhu cu phn bn cc loi
Ghi ch
Tng khi lng d kin nhp t 3-5 tn/thng
19
TT 1 2 3 4 5
Tn phn Phn NPK Phn Urea Phn DAP Phn Ln Phn KaLi
Dng sn phm Lng Lng Lng Bt Bt
Ghi ch
Tng nhu cu khong 100 -120 tn/thng Ngun: Ch d n cung cp Ca hng ch nhp v bun bn cc loi phn bn, thuc BVTV theo danh mc cho php ca B nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn. Tuyt i khng bun bn thuc BVTV trong danh mc cm s dng; thuc BVTV gi; thuc BVTV khng r ngun gc; thuc BVTV c nhn khng ph hp vi qui nh v nhn hng ho hoc vi phm v nhn hiu ang c bo h; thuc BVTV ngoi danh mc hn ch s dng. - Nhu cu s dng nhin liu: du DO ch yu dng chy ghe v xe ti, c tnh lng s dng khong 50 lt/ngy. - Nhu cu v nhn lc Tng s nhn s khi d n hot ng d kin cn khong 20 ngi, trong 01 qun l chung, cn li l cng nhn lao ng. 1.4.6. Vn u t Tng vn iu l: 9.000.000.000 ng, trong : - Gi tr t: - Vn lu ng: 1.4.7. Tin thc hin d n D n d kin thc hin trong thi gian 5 thng, tin thc hin chi tit c trnh by trong bng sau: Bng 8. Tin thc hin d n
1.000.000.000 ng 3.000.000.000 ng
- Nh xng, xy dng c bn: 2.500.000.000 ng - Phn vn cn li xy dng d n 2
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Thi gian thc hin St t Cng vic - Hng mc 1 Ln k hoch ci to kho, xy mi b k chng st l chn thu xy dng, thit k, xin th tc Khi cng xy dng n hon thnh xy dng c bn (nh kho, cp in, cp nc) Lp t qut thng gi, bn giao s dng
5/2011
611/2011 10/2011
2 3
Ngun: D n u t
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CHNG 2 IU KIN T NHIN, MI TRNG V KINH T - X HI 2.1. IU KIN T NHIN V MI TRNG 2.1.1. iu kin v a hnh, a cht
(1). c im a hnh khu vc d n: v tr d n nm trong vng ng bng Chu Th, c hnh thnh t ph sa sng nn khu vc huyn Lp V, tnh ng Thp c a hnh kh bng phng. cao chnh lch khng ln, trung bnh khong 2 m. Huyn Lp V nm trong Vng pha Bc sng Tin nn c hng dc theo hng Ty Bc ng Nam, cao vng bin gii v vng ven sng Tin, thp dn v pha trung tm ng Thp Mi, to thnh vng lng mng trng, rng ln c dng ng lt kn. (2). a cht: a cht vng d n mang tnh c trng ca tnh ng Thp c cng chung lch s pht trin ca vng BSCL, vi s thnh to ca ph sa c (trm tch Pleistocene) v ph sa mi (trm tch Holocene) qua qu trnh bi lng trm tch bin v ph sa ca sng Cu Long. t khu d n thuc nhm Ph sa c (trm tch Pleistocene, QIII): phn b dc theo bin gii Vit Nam Campuchia. - Vt liu trm tch gm: cc lp st xm xanh, xm trng hoc nu v ct. Ph sa mi bao gm 2 cu trc: lp st mn mu xm xanh nm bn di v cc trm tch nc l hoc ngt ph bn trn, to nn mt nn t yu ph ngay trn b mt c dy 20 30m. Ph sa mi phn ln cha cht hu c, c m t nhin cao hn gii hn chy v cc ch tiu c hc u c gi tr thp. Cc lp ph sa mi c sc chu nn trung bnh 0,24 - 0,7 kg/cm 2, lc kt dnh 0,10 - 0,29 kg/cm2, l loi t yu, ch ph hp cho vic pht trin cc loi nh thp tng. 2.1.2. iu kin kh tng thy vn Khu vc d n thuc huyn Lp V, tnh ng Thp nn cc iu kin kh tng thy vn mang nt c trng ca vng ng bng sng Cu Long. a. iu kin kh tng (1). Nhit khng kh: Nhit khng kh nh hng n qu trnh pht tn cc cht nhim trong kh quyn. Ngoi ra, nhit cn lm thay i qu trnh bay hi cc cht nhim hu c, l yu t quan trng tc ng ln sc khe cng nhn trong qu trnh lao ng. V vy trong qu trnh nh gi mc nhim khng kh v xut cc phng n khng ch cn phn tch yu t nhit . Nhit trung bnh nm ti khu vc d n l 27,6oC. Chnh lch nhit gia thng nng nht v lnh nht trong nm l 3oC. Tng s gi nng trung bnh
22
hng nm l 2.300 gi, ma kh c s gi nng chim t 55 60% tng s gi nng trong nm. (2). m khng kh: m khng kh l yu t nh hng ln qu trnh chuyn ha cc cht nhim khng kh v l yu t vi kh hu nh hng n sc kho cng nhn. m trung bnh trong nm l 79,8%, m cao nht l 92,5%, m thp nht l 63%. Mc chnh lch m gia cc thng khong 8 10%. Thng c m trung bnh cao nht thng ri vo thng 7 v thng 8 (85 87%). Thng c m trung bnh thp nht l cc thng 3 v thng 4 (76 77%). m trung bnh ln nht xy ra vo cc thng cui ma ma l 85% - 87%. (3).Lng ma v bc hi: Ma lm sch khng kh do cun theo cc cht nhim, bi trong khng kh. Cht lng nc ma ph thuc vo cht lng khng kh trong khng gian rng. Trn mt t, ma lm ra tri cc cht nhim. Ch ma ti tng khu vc c nh hng rt ln n vic thit k cc h thng x l nc thi. Khu vc tnh ng Thp c hai ma r rt: ma ma thng bt u t thng 6 n cui thng 11 v ma kh thng t thng 12 n thng 4 nm sau. Lng ma trung bnh trong c nm 1.499mm/nm. Lng ma cao nht l 1.911mm. Lng ma thp nht l 409mm. (4). Gi v hng gi: Gi c nh hng rt ln n qu trnh pht tn cc cht nhim khng kh. Tc gi cng nh th mc nhim xung quanh ngun nhim cng ln. V vy, khi tnh ton v thit k cc h thng x l nhim cn tnh trong trng hp tc gi nguy him. Vo u ma kh, hng gi ch o l hng ng Bc sau chuyn sang ng ng Nam. Vo ma ma, gi thi theo hng Ty Nam. Tc gi trung bnh thng 1,7 5,0 m/s, tc gi trung bnh 2,5m/s. Khu vc d n khng b nh hng trc tip ca gi bo nhng i khi vn c gi xoy. b. iu kin v thy vn Theo Trung tm kh tng thy vn tnh ng Thp, khng ring huyn Lp V m c tnh u c ch thu vn theo 2 ma: ma l v ma kit, vi 2 nh triu trong ngy (ch bn nht triu). - Ma kit: t thng 12 thng 6, mc nc chu tc ng ca thu triu vi bin triu rt ln. Vng pha Nam sng Hu c bin triu 0,7 -1,8m. Lu lng nc sng Hu l 200 - 350m3/s (ma kit). - Ma l: t thng 7 thng 11, trng hp vi cc thng ma cao im. Lu lng nc sng Hu vo ma l l 5.000 8.000 m3/s.
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- Khu vc d n thuc huyn Lp V c nh l tng i cao: nm 2000: 2,25m; 2001: 2,08 m; 2002: 2,06 m.
2.1.3.
Hin trng mi trng khu vc d n
nh gi hin trang mi trng nn khu vc d n l mt bc rt quan trng trong vic lp TM. Trn c s mi trng nn xut cc gii php bo v mi trng cho d n ph hp iu kin thc t mang tnh kh thi cao. V vy, nh gi hin trng cht lng mi trng trong khu vc d n trc khi xy dng v khi d n i vo hot ng, n v t vn phi hp vi Trung tm K thut Th nghim V ng dng KHCN ng Thp tin hnh kho st, o c v ly mu phn tch cht lng mi trng khu vc d n. 2.1.3.1. Hin trng mi trng khng kh Cc tiu ch chn im ly mu mi trng nn: - V tr ly mu mi trng phi mang tnh c trng, i din cho mi trng xung quanh d n; - V tr chu s tc ng nhiu nht khi d n hot ng v cc tc ng khc bn ngoi. T cc tiu ch trn nhm tc gi chn cc im ly mu cht lng khng kh nh trong bng 9 v s th hin v tr ly mu cht lng khng kh c km theo trong phn ph lc. Bng 9. V tr cc im ly mu cht lng khng kh Ta (UTM) E: 105o2943,7; N: 10o2053,1 V tr Cch khu t d n 30m
Cc s liu v thng s o c ti thi im kho st s lm c s so snh v i chng vi cc thng s o c gim st cht lng mi trng trong giai on thi cng v hot ng ca d n. Trn c s d bo nhng thnh phn nhim c th pht sinh, nhm tc gi chn cc thng s gim st c trng v phng php o c nh sau:
Kt qu phn tch cht lng mi trng nn ngy 18/5/2011 nh sau:
Bng 10. Kt qu phn tch khng kh xung quanh khu d n Stt 01 02 Ch tiu Bi SO2 Phng php phn tch o my TCVN 5871:1996 n v tnh g/m3 g/m3 Kt qu phn tch 165 129,6 QCVN 05:2009/BTMT, trung bnh 1 gi 300 350
24
Stt 03 04 05 06 07
Ch tiu NOx
Phng php phn tch
n v tnh
Kt qu phn tch 4,45 KPH KPH 30,35 KPH
QCVN 05:2009/BTMT, trung bnh 1 gi 200 30000 200 300 50
TCVN g/m3 6137:2009 TCVN HF g/m3 7243:2003 TCVN g/m3 NH3 5293:1995 H2SO4 TCVN 5969:1995 g/m3 Tng Florua TCCS-IC-Fg/m3
Ngun: Trung tm KTTN&UD KHCN T Nhn xt: Mi trng khng kh xung quanh khu vc d n hin rt tt cc ch tiu u nm trong gii hn cho php. Ch d n phi c bin x l cht thi hiu qu bo v mi trng khng kh khi trin khai d n. b. Hin trng mi trng nc (1). Mi trng nc mt: mc d d n khi hot ng khng pht sinh nc thi, cc yu t tc ng n mi trng nc khng nhiu nhng c c s nh gi hiu qu cng tc BVMT sau khi d n hot ng. Nhm tc gi tin hnh kho st nc mt khu vc d n (sng Vm Cng-Lp V) nh sau: - V tr ly mu: sng xng Lp V, ta : E: 10502942,8; N: 1002055 - Thi gian ly mu: ngy 18/5/2011 - Ch tiu, phng php v kt qu phn tch Bng 11. Ch tiu phn tch v phng php phn tch nc mt Stt 01 02 03 04 05 Ch tiu pH DO COD Cht rn l lng Photphat (PO43-) theo P Phng php phn tch TCVN 6492:2000 TCVN 7325:2004 Method 8000 SMEWW 2540 TCVN 6202:2008 n v mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l Kt qu 8,16 5,15 40 87 KPH QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT, ct A2 6 - 8,5 >5 15 30 0,2
Nhn xt: Theo kt qu phn tch nc mt khu vc d n cho thy cht lng nc ang b nhim, ch tiu COD vt 2,7 ln; cht rn l lng vt 2,9
25
ln. V vy ch d n phi c bin php x l nc thi thch hp trnh tc ng thm vo ngun nc. (2). Hin trng mi trng nc ngm: Vic nh gi hin trng cht lng nc ngm khu vc d n l rt cn thit phc v cng tc kim sot nhim mi trng v sau. Ti TT. Lp V, huyn Lp V khu vc d n l im quan trc nc ngm thng xuyn ca S Ti nguyn v Mi trng nn nhm tc tham kho kt qu phn tch cht lng nc ngm khu vc ny nh sau: - V tr ly mu: Trm CN p Bnh Thnh 1, T.T Lp V, k hiu mu: NNTCNLO-01, su 350m. - Cc ch tiu phn tch: pH, cng, Fe tng, SO42-, Nitrat, Nitrit, Clorua, Mn2+, Asen, cht rn tng s, E.Coli, Coliform. - Phng php ly mu v phn tch mu: Mu c ly ti cc vi nc bm trc tip t ging khoan. Tr cc ch tiu pH c o ngay ti hin trng, mu c bo qun nhit 40C vi cc cht bo qun ph hp v vn chuyn v phng th nghim phn tch cc ch tiu cn li. Phng php v kt qu phn tch cht lng nc ngm c trnh by trong bng sau: - Kt qu ly mu phn tch thng 10 nm 2010: Bng 12. Kt qu quan trc cht lng nc ngm Stt 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 pH cng Clorua ClArsen As Mangan Mn2+ St Fe tng Coliform Ecoli Amoni Florua mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l MPN/100ml MPN/100ml mg/l mg/l Thng s n v Kt qu NN 8,24 66 173,72 KPH 0,080 0,14 3 KPH KPH 0,03 QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT 5,5 - 8,5 500 250 0,05 0, 5 5 3 KPH 0,1 1,0
Ngun: Bo co kt qu quan trc mi trng tnh ng Thp nm 2010
26
Nhn xt: Qua kt qu trn cho thy cht lng nc ngm khu vc rt tt, tt c ch tiu u t QCVN 09:2008/BTNMT, c th khai thc s dng sinh hot, sn xut. (3). Hin trng mi trng t: Kh nng tc ng ca kho cha vt t nng nghip n mi trng t khu vc d n l rt ln. C nhiu nguyn nhn nh thuc BVTV, phn bn b ri vi tch t trong t, bin php qun l nc ma chy trn qua my nh, nn kho khng hiu qu . c c s gim st cht lng t v sau, nhm tc gi tham kho kt qu gim st mi trng t, k hiu 15, trm 15: t khu dn c TT. Lp V , huyn Lp V, ta : N:10o21.615, E:105o31.294, kt qu nh sau: Bng 13. Kt qu quan trc t dn sinh nm 2010 Stt K hiu mu Thi gian quan trc Nm 2009 Nm 2010 Ch tiu As (mg/kg) 4,245 7,870 12 Pb (mg/kg) 20,090 18,180 120 Cu (mg/kg) 17,900 17,400 70 Zn (mg/kg) 48,515 37,000 200 Cd (mg/kg) 0,0635 0,0375 5
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QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT
Ngun: Bo co quan trc mi trng tnh ng Thp 2010 c. Hin trng mi trng sinh vt Theo kt qu iu tra mt s loi sinh vt ch yu c lin quan trc tip n hot ng ca d n bao gm: (1). Cc loi thc vt cn: Bao gm cc loi thc vt ca vng t th c nh: da, chui, mng cu, i, xoi, nhn, qut ... Ngoi ra cn c cc loi thc vt thn mc nh: cng, go, tre.... cc rung la ln cn c cc loi: c lng vc, rau b, c lc, c cht, rau mung, .. in hnh cho vng la 2 v. (2). Cc loi thu sinh vt: cc loi thy sinh mang tnh c trng ca vng sng Mkng. C s hin din cc loi ng vt ni thuc cc nhm nh nhm chn cho, nhm ru ngnh, nhm trng bnh xe, nhm gip xc v mt s ng vt y nh: trai, c, tm, tp...c bit, c nhiu loi c c gi tr kinh t cao thuc cc h: - H c chp nh: m vinh, c cc, c nga, c m, c h ... - H c chui nh: c lc
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- H c tra: c st, bng lau - H c r: r ng, r bin, m r... - Ngoi ra, cn mt s h c khc nh: h c cht, h c bng... d. Hin trng ti nguyn nc - Nc mt: ng Thp u ngun sng Cu Long, c ngun nc mt kh di do, ngun nc ngt quanh nm khng b nhim mn. Ngoi ra cn c hai nhnh sng S H v sng S Thng bt ngun t Campuchia ra sng Tin Hng Ng. Pha Nam cn c sng Ci Tu H, Ci Tu Thng, sng Sa c h thng knh rch chng cht. D n nm trong khu vc sng Hu nn ti nguyn nc ngt di do. Lu lng sng Hu vo ma l c th t t 5.000m3/giy8.000m3/giy. - Nc ngm: C nhiu va nc ngm cc su khc nhau, ngun nc ht sc di do, mi ch khai thc, s dng phc v sinh hot th v nng thn, cha a vo dng cho cng nghip. 2.2. IU KIN KINH T - X HI
2.2.1.
iu kin kinh t x hi huyn Lp V
a. iu kin kinh t Theo thng tin t Website tnh ng Thp, nm 2010, kinh t huyn Lp V t tc tng trng 18,5%. Theo k hoch pht trin kinh t - x hi ca huyn n nm 2020, nng nghip s l th mnh kinh t, c tp trung pht trin ton din theo hng sn xut hng ho. Ngoi ra, huyn cng ch trng pht trin cng nghip, dch v v ngnh ngh nng thn, gii quyt vic lm, nng cao thu nhp cho ngi dn. Nng nghip: huyn ra ch tiu phn u nm 2010 tc tng trng khu vc Nng - Lm - Ng nghip t 7,24%; quy hoch v s dng hiu qu din tch t nng nghip, thm canh tng v tng vng quay ca t, y mnh chuyn dch c cu cy trng, vt nui v c cu ma v hp l theo hng gim din tch la 3 v, tng din tch hoa mu v cy cng nghip ngn ngy, nng h s s dng t ln 2,7 ln; duy tr hp l din tch t la, n nh sn lng la bnh qun t 165.000 tn tr ln; nng sn lng thy sn ln 50.000 tn/nm; phc hi v pht trin n gia sc ln 28.000 con, gia cm ln trn 500.000 con. Trc , t nm 2006, huyn Lp V trin khai p dng m hnh nui tm cng xanh trn t la, thay th v h thu mang li hiu qu kinh t cao gp 10 - 20 ln so vi trng la. Cng nghip - Xy dng: nhng nm qua, Lp V tp trung mi ngun lc xy dng cc cm, tuyn cng nghip, to sc bt cho nn kinh t v y nhanh
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qu trnh th ha. Huyn quy hoch v thu ht u t vo 3 cm, tuyn cng nghip vi gn 70 ha, gm cm cng nghip Vm Cng, tuyn cng nghip Bc sng Xng (x Bnh Thnh Trung), cm cng nghip Cn Qu (x nh Yn), tp trung vo cc lnh vc ch bin nng sn, thy sn xut khu. Thng mi - Dch v: nm trn v tr kh thun li v giao thng, Lp V c iu kin pht trin thng mi - dch v. T khi QL 80 c nng cp m rng, vic giao dch, mua bn th trn Lp V ngy cng pht trin. Huyn quy hoch th trn Lp V tr thnh th loi IV, l trung tm c vai tr u mi giao thng trn a bn huyn. ng thi quy hoch, nng cp 4 x nh Yn, Vnh Thnh, Tn Khnh Trung, M An Hng B ln th loi V. y c k vng s l nhng u mi thng mi - dch v quan trng ca huyn cng nh ca tnh. b. iu kin x hi Gio dc: theo thng tin t bo ng Thp, tnh n ngy 02-09-2010, huyn Lp V huy ng 2.692 hc sinh lp 1 ra lp t 89%, s hc sinh vo lp 6 l 2.615, chim t l 99,43%. Nm hc 2010 - 2011, Phng Gio dc v o to huyn tuyn mi 23 gio vin cp hc Mm non, 20 gio vin cp Tiu hc, 5 gio vin cp Trung hc ph thng, nng tng s gio vin ton huyn gn 2.000 ngi cc khi lp, p ng nhu cu ging dy trong nm hc mi. 30 im trng trong huyn cng khn trng sa cha trng lp, c 9 im trng c u t xy dng nh v sinh. Y t: nm 2010, huyn c 13/13 trm y t t chun, trong c 6/13 trm t chun quc gia. Bnh vin Lp V l bnh vin hng III thuc tuyn huyn ca tnh ng Thp, gm 140 ging k hoch v tng s bin ch l 122. Bnh vin c S Y t tng danh hiu Bnh vin xut sc ton din trong nm 2009. Xy dng c bn: hin nay, th trn Lp V xy dng hon thnh v a vo s dng cc khu dn c nh: khu ti nh c cm cng nghip Vm Cng; cm dn c cha B Hai; cm dn c Bnh Hip B; ang trin khai thc hin tuyn dn c s 7, tuyn dn c s 1, cm dn c vt l Bnh Hip A, khu ti nh c ng H Ch Minh. Huyn ang y mnh ku gi u t Khu dn c Tng Sn x M An Hng A, vi quy m gn 5 ha; d n Khu dn c th trn Lp V (thuc tuyn dn c Bnh Thnh 2), quy m din tch l trn 7 ha; d n Khu th pha Nam th trn Lp V; d n tuyn dn c s 1 x Vnh Thnh, quy m trn 1,8 ha; d n cu Long Hng B, vi quy m cu b tng ct thp vnh cu, chiu di cu 173 m, mt rng 6,5 m, c ti trng 8 tn, d kin kinh ph u t 21 t VN; d n bn xe Lp V, quy m 10 ha, kinh ph u t 40 t VN. c bit, d n cu Vm Cng bc qua sng Hu ni thnh ph Cn Th vi tnh ng Thp ang c Trung ng lp k hoch u t xy dng.
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2.2.2.
iu kin t nhin kinh t x Bnh Thnh, huyn Lp V
a. iu kin kinh t Nng nghip: Tng din tch gieo trng 3.570 ha, nng sut la bnh qun 17,7 tn/ha, cao hn cng k nm 2009 l 0,7 tn/ha. Din tch trng mu l 115 ha, ch yu l m, u nnh, u xanh tp trung i sn xut s 11,2,13,14; duy tr 20 ha thy sn nui c, nui tm n nh. Cng tc khuyn nng: Nm 2010 x c s gip , h tr ca Trung tm khuyn nng tnh v Trm BVTV huyn t chc 07 lp tp hun v cng tc xung ging u v, 06 lp v k thut sn xut la v phng tr su bnh, 01 lp v k thut sn xut u nnh, Chn nui: ch yu l gia cm, ton x c 68.352 con vt v 2.547 con g, khong 1000 con ln, 100 con tru, b. Thc hin tt cng tc tim chng vaccine phng bnh cho gia sc, gia cm. b. Vn ha x hi Hon thnh cng tc sa cha trng lp chun b cho nm hc 2010-2011, cc im trng ng lot khai ging ny 05/9/2010, tr em 06 tui ra lp 1 t 100%. i truyn thanh x trc tip chng trnh t vn php lut, chng trnh i thoi trc tip cng chnh quyn huyn Lp V, chng trnh Tam Nng; pht ng ton dn thc hin xy dng x vn ha; tuyn qun 2010. Hon thnh cng tc bnh xt GVH, kt qu c 2.763/3.174 h t 3 tiu chun gia nh vn ha, t t l 87,88%, ng thi ng k nm 2011 tng s 3.230 h, t l 99,34%. Vn ha vn ngh- th dc th thao: Tp trung t chc cc hot ng mng ng, mng Xun nm 2010 vi cc tr chi: bng chuyn, ko co, nhy bao b, i c kheo, vc vt nng c 08 i tham gia vi 200 vn ng vin, gn 300 lt ngi n xem v c v. T chc 05 lp ph cp bi c 125 em tham gia, trong c 118 em bit bi, t t l 94,4%. Y t: Trm y t x khm v iu tr cho 17.938 lt bnh nhn, thc hin tim chng m rng c 11 vng tim, pht hin v tim nga lao cho 202 tr mi sinh; tim nga Bch Hu-Un Vn-Ho G v Bi Lit cho 156 tr; tim nga si cho 247 tr t 9 thng tui tr ln, tim nga vim gan B cho 178 tr, tim nga Un Vn cho 206 b m ang mang thai. Thc hin chin dch ung vitamin A cho 436 tr t 06 thng n 60 thng tui, ty giun cho 651 tr t 24 n 60 thng, tim nga si mi II cho 1.262 tr t 01 tui n 5 tui.
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CHNG 3 NH GI TC NG MI TRNG
3.1. NH GI TC NG
3.1.1. nh gi tc ng trong giai on chun b d n 3.1.1.1. Cc hot ng trong giai on chun b D n quy m nh v c thc hin trn phn t ca ch d n nn khng c cc hot ng nh di di dn hay n b gii t, san lp mt bng. tin hnh ci to, nng cp kho cha Ch d n ch thc hin mt s cng vic sau: - Di di ton b phn bn trong kho A sang cc kho B v C - Tho d kho A - San lp nng cao nn tng kho Thc hin theo phng php cun chiu nh sau: - Trong thi gian thi cng Ch d n s ch ng gim nhp phn thm vo kho, ng thi tip tc bn hang gim lng phn cn tn trong kho. - Chuyn phn cn tn ng trong kho B sang kho C ci to kho B trc, n khi ci to hon chnh s chuyn ton b lng phn trong kho C tr li kho B khi s ci to kho C. - Sau khi ci to song kho B v kho C s tip tc xy dng kho A. 3.1.1.2. Cc tc ng mi trng pht sinh trong giai on chun b d n a. Nhng tc ng mi trng c lin quan n cht thi Trong giai on chun b d n ch c cng on tho d kho A v bm ct nng cao nn c kh nng pht sinh cht thi nhng khng nhiu. Cc loi cht thi c th l x bn (tho d nh c), nc bm ct, bi, cht thi sinh hot ca cng nhn. Mc tc ng thp do vic thc hin ch din ra t 3-4 ngy v khi lng cht thi t. b. Nhng tc ng mi trng khng lin quan n cht thi Qu trnh tho d kho c v san lp mt bng khu vc khng s dng my mc thit b phn ln thc hin th cng nn n sinh ra thp. Mt d d n nm gn b sng nhng cng khng gy ra st l hay tt ln t, do khu vc ny c b k tm c thc hin trc . Chnh vy nhng tc ng trong giai on ny khng ng k.
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3.1.2. nh gi tc ng trong giai on xy dng 3.1.2.1. Nhng tc ng mi trng c lin quan n cht thi
ci to kho c v xy dng thm nh kho mi, ch u t phi thc hin cc cng vic sau: tp kt vt t, cng nhn, xy dng nn mng, nh kho, b k chng st l, lp ghp nh tin ch; lp t h thng thng gi, . - Cc hot ng trn c th gy ra cc tc ng c trng v c bn nht nh trnh by bng di y: Bng 14. Cc tc ng chnh n mi trng trong giai on xy dng Cc hot ng chnh Tp kt cng nhn chun b thi cng Tp kt vt liu xy dng v cc my mc, thit b phc v thi cng n cng trng Ngun pht sinh tc ng Sinh hot hng ngy ca cng nhn Tc ng c lin quan n cht thi Nc thi v cht thi rn sinh hot Tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi Tng mt giao thng i li trn cc tuyn ng An ninh v cc vn x hi khc ng Tng mt giao thng, tai nn giao thng Tai nn lao
Cc phng Cc cht thi t tin vn phng tin vn chuyn vt liu chuyn (kh thi) v thit b -
Xy dng cc hng mc cng trnh
Cht thi xy dng (cy c do pht quang, x bn, Hot gch, ct) ng ca cc Cc s c thi phng tin Cht thi sinh cng tim n thi cng hot (nc thi, Cc vn x c gii cht thi rn) hi Sinh hot Ting n, kh ca cng nhn thi, bi t cc phng tin thi cng
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Bng 15. Cc ngun gy tc ng n mi trng Hot ng c lin quan n cht thi Vn chuyn, tp kt vt liu xy dng Thit b thi cng Sinh hot ca cng nhn xy dng Hot ng thi cng ni chung a. Bi, kh thi (1). nhim bi: Tc nhn gy nhim chnh trong gia on xy dng l bi t v mt phn bi , ct, xi mng, nh hng trc tip n cng nhn thi cng trn cng trng v mi trng khng kh xung quanh, pht sinh t cc ngun:
- Thit b c gii thi cng trn cng trng nh: my trn b tng, cn cu,
Cht thi c kh nng pht sinh Bi t, kh thi ca phng tin Bi, kh thi, n Nc thi, cht thi rn Rc thi v nc thi sinh hot
my bm ct. - Vt liu xy dng khng c che ph kn b gi cun. - Bi t di t b gi cun bay ln v pht tn vo khng kh xung quanh lm nhim mi trng. Thng thng hm lng bi l lng o c ti khu vc bc d thng dao ng trong khong 0,9 2,7 mg/m3 tc cao hn tiu chun khng kh xung quanh 3 9 ln (QCVN 05-2008, quy nh bi: 0,3 mg/m3). Bng 16. H s nhim do hoat ng xy dng Stt Nguyn nhn gy nhim 01 02 Bui sinh ra t qua trinh ao t, san ui mt bng; bi gio cun ln (bui, cat) Bui sinh ra do qua trinh bc d vt liu xy dng (xi mng, t, cat, a,...), may moc thit bi c tinh h s phat thai 1 100 mg/m3 0,1 1 g/m3 Bui : 4,3 kg/tn DO SO2 : 0,1 kg/tn DO NOx : 55 kg/tn DO CO : 0,1 kg/tn DO VOC: 0,1 kg/tn DO
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03
Khoi thai cua cac phng tin vn tai va c gii thi cng co cha bui
(2). nhim kh thi: trong giai on xy dng kh thi pht sinh t cc hot ng sau: * Kh thi t cc phng tin vn chuyn: Kh thi pht sinh ch yu do cc phng tin vn chuyn nguyn vt liu xy dng, my mc thit b s dng trong qu trnh xy dng. Nguyn nhn gy nhim l do s dng nhin liu t (xng, du, DO) khng t chun, nng lu hunh cao hay do cc my mc thit b c k, lc hu, khng c bo tr bo dng thng xuyn khi vn hnh gy nhim mi trng. - Khi thi t cc phng tin vn ti, cc my mc s dng trn cng trng cha cc thnh phn gy c hi nh CO, NOx, SOx, Pb, THC, cc cht hu c bay hi v bi - Nng cc cht nhim ty thuc vo tng loi nguyn liu s dng, tnh trng vn hnh v tui th ca cc ng c. Phng tin vn chuyn v my mc cng c, nng cc cht nhim trong khi thi cng ln, do tc ng n mi trng cng ln. Tuy nhin ngun nhim ny khng nh hng nhiu n mi trng do hot ng ca cc phng tin vn ti phn tn, khng thng xuyn, trong mi trng rng, thong v ch din ra trong thi gian thi cng. Bng 17. Ti lng nhim khng kh do phng tin giao thng c im H s nhim Ti lng nhim Chiu di tuyn ng nh hng (1.000 km) 1,0 0,36 Khi lng cht nhim (kg) Bi 0,05 0,018 SO2 1,17 0,42 NOx 3,14 1,13 CO 6,99 2,5 THC 1,05 0,37
* Kh thi t qu trnh hn, ct kim loi: qu trnh gia cng hn, ct kim loi khi xy dng cc kho cha s sinh ra cc cht nhim khng kh nh cc oxt kim loi: Fe2O3, SiO2, K2O, CaO, tn ti dng khi bi. Ngoi ra cn c cc kh thi khc nh: CO, NOx. Lng bi sinh ra c th xc nh thng qua cc h s nhim tham kho trong bng sau: Bng 18. H s pht thi nhim ng vi ng knh que hn Cht nhim Khi hn CO NOx H s nhim (mg/1que hn) ng vi ng knh que hn 3,2 mm 4 mm 5 mm 6 mm 508 706 1.100 1.579 15 25 35 50 20 30 45 70
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Khi bit c lng que hn v chng loi que hn s dng, ta hon ton c th tnh c ti lng nhim do cc kh thi nu trn. Tuy nhin tc ng ca loi nhim ny thng khng ln do cht nhim c phn tn trong mi trng rng, thong. * nh hng ca ting n, bi pht sinh trong gia on xy dng: - Bui v kh thi phat sinh t hoat ng xy nh kho, b tng nn, xy b ro, ao rnh t cng thoat nc va cp nc, thi cng ng giao thng, vt liu xy dng, phi trn b tng ... ch pht sinh trong thi gian ngn v cc b ni cng trng nn khng lm thay i cht lng khng kh khu vc. Tuy nhin cng cn c nhng bin php x l thch hp trnh tc ng n cng nhn xy dng trn cng trng. Mt s tc hi bi: Bi gy ra tc hi n h h hp, gy cc bnh v mi, kh qun v phi ty theo tnh cht, kch thc bi. V ch yu l bi ct, t nn cc tn hi do bi gy ra ch yu l tn hi vt l, nh tn thng nim mc ng h hp do ht phi nhiu bi ct, t. Ngoi ra, bi cn che phu thn la cy lam giam kha nng quang hp, can tr s phat trin cua cy xanh. Mt s tc hi ca ting n: Ting n trc ht c nh hng n thnh gic ca cng nhn. Tip xc vi ting n cng cao trong mt thi gian di s lm gim thnh lc, dn ti bnh ic ngh nghip. Ngoi ra ting n cn nh hng n cc c quan khc ca c th nh ri lon chc nng thn kinh, gy bnh au u, chng mt c cm gic s hi. Ting n cng gy nn cc thng tn cho h tim mch v lm tng cc bnh v ng tiu ha. Ngoi ra ting n c th gy nh hng i vi mt s loi chim chc v ng vt hoang d trong khu vc. b. Ngun gy nhim nc (1). Nc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn trn cng trng - Thnh phn tnh cht: Nc thi sinh hot b nhim bi: cht rn l lng (SS), cht hu c (BOD), cht dinh dng (N, P) v vi khun gy bnh (Ecoli). Cc cht hu c trong nc thi sinh hot ch yu l carbonhydrate, protein, lipid, d phn hy sinh hc. Khi phn hy s to thnh CO2, N2, H2O, CH4. Cht rn l lng c kh nng gy bi lng v lm cho cht lng nc ngun tip nhn ngy b nhim. Cc cht dinh dng nh N, P s gy nn hin tng ph dng hoa nu khng c x l. Bng 19. Tnh cht c trng ca nc thi sinh hot QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT, Stt Cht nhim n v Nng Ct A 1 pH 6,8 - 7,8 5-9 2 Cht rn l lng mg/l 100 220 50
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3 4 5 6 7
COD BOD Tng Nit Tng Photpho Coliform
mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l MPN/100ml
250 500 110 250 20 40 48 106-108
50 (TCVN 5945:2005, ct A) 30 30 6 2500
Ngun: Gio trnh cng ngh x l nc thi, Trn Vn Nhn & Ng Th Nga, NXB Khoa hc k thut, 1999
- Khi lng: Trung bnh cng nhn tham gia thi cng l 20 ngi. Theo tiu
chun dung nc tinh theo u ngi trong mt ca lam vic t 45-60 lt/ngi/ngay (theo TCXDVN 33:2006 Quyt inh 06/2006/Q-BXD ngay 17/3/2006 Cp nc Mang li ng ng va cng trinh Tiu chun thit k): chn qtc = 45 lt/ngi/ngay nn khi lng nc thi pht sinh trung bnh l 1,0m3/ngay.
- Ti lng cc cht nhim: Theo tnh ton thng k i vi nhng quc gia
ang pht trin, khi lng cht nhim trung bnh ngi hng ngy a vo mi trng nh trong bng 20. Bng 20. Khi lng cht nhim do mi ngi hng ngy a vo mi trng Stt 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 BOD5 COD (Dicromate) Cht rn l lng (SS) Du m Tng Nit Amni Tng Photpho Tng Coliform (MPN/100ml) Cht nhim Khi lng (g/ngi/ngy) 45 54 72 102 70 145 10 30 6 12 2,4 4,8 0,8 4,0 106 109 Ti lng (g/20 ngi /ngy) 900 - 1080 1440 - 2040 140 - 2900 200 - 500 120 - 240 48 - 960 18- 800 10x1012 10x1018
Ngun: T chc Y t Th gii 1993 Ton b cng nhn tham gia thi cng ti cng trng s s dng cc nh v sinh c ca d n c. Ch thu xy dng p dng cht ch cc quy nh v x l cht thi sinh hot ca cng nhn hn ch thp nht kh nng gy nhim mi trng ti cng trng.
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(2). Nc ma: Mc d thi gian thi cng ngn nhng vo cc thng 4, 5, 6 cng c ma, khi pht sinh mt lng nc ma chy trn qua khu vc xy dng do mt bng thi cng nh nn lng nc ma khng ng k. c. Ngun gy nhim cht thi rn (1). Rc thi sinh hot: bao b, thc phm tha pht sinh t cc hot ng ca cng nhn lao ng trc tip trn cng trng. Ti thi im cao nht, cng trng c khong 20 cng nhn tham gia thi cng, khi lng rc thi c tnh khong 10kg/ngy. (2). Cht thi xy dng: cc loi vt liu xy dng d tha nh g, kim loi (khung nhm, st, inh st) giy ct tng, g vn, x bn, dy in, ng nha, pht sinh trong qu trnh thi cng. (3). Cht thi nguy hi: ch yu l cc thng cha sn sau khi s dng, sn cn d tha, du nht my thi. Khi lng cht thi nguy hi pht sinh rt t v khng thng xuyn. n v thi cng s t cc thng cha trn cng trnh thu gom cc cht thi ny v thu cc n v chc nng thu gom, x l an ton hoc v sinh cc thng sn s dng vo mc ch khc. * Cc tc hi ca cht thi rn trong giai on xy dng: - X bn nu khng c thu gom v vn chuyn n ni tp kt cht thi xy dng s gy kh khn cho cng vic thi cng, gy ln ln gia cc nguyn vt liu xy dng v cht thi. - Cht hu c trong rc thi sinh hot phn hy bc mi hi thi, hm lng cht hu c cao l mi trng thun li cc vt mang mm bnh sinh si, pht trin nh: rui, mui, gin, 3.1.2.2. Nhng tc ng mi trng khng lin quan n cht thi Trong giai on xy dng s pht nhng tc ng m khng do cht thi gy ra nh sau: Hot ng ng cc, cc hot ng xy dng khc Tp trung cng nhn Vn chuyn nguyn vt liu Yu t mi trng b nh hng Ting n, rung, tai nn lao ng Cc vn x hi: an ninh trt t, t nn x hi Tai nn giao thng
a. Ting n v rung
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Ting n v rung ch yu pht sinh t cc my mc thi cng trn cng trng. nh: my lt ng, xe ti, my trn b tng, my m nn, cu detric. Cc thit b ny khi hot ng thng n khng cao nhng cc my mc thit b hot ng lin tc v thng xuyn nn c kh nng lm nh hng n h dn gn khu vc. n ca mt s my mc thit b thi cng xy dng c lit k trong bng sau. Bng 21. Mc n sinh ra t hot ng ca cc thit b thi cng STT Thit b 01 02 03 04 My cp t, my san My lt ng Xe ti My trn btng Mc n (dBA), cch ngun 15 m Ti liu (1) Ti liu (2) 80,0 93,0 87,0 88,5 82,0 94,0 75,0 75,0 88,0 Ti liu (2): Mackernize, L.da, 1985 - Mc n ca cc loi my mc thit b o p t (xe ti, xe lu, xe xc t) dao ng trong khong t 72 96 dBA, cc my mc dng bm, trn cc loi vt liu xy dng (my trn btng, bm btng, cn cu, ) c dao ng t 75 88 dBA, cc thit b nh bm, my pht in, my nn kh c n t 68 78dBA. Cc thit b khc nh ba chn, my khoan v my ng cc c th pht sinh ting n ln ti 106 dBA. Bng 22. Mc n in hnh cc cng trng xy dng (n v tnh dBA) Giai on I Pht quang o p Lm mng Xy dng Hon tt 83 88 81 81 88 Nh II 83 75 81 65 72 Vn phng, cc cng trnh cng cng I 84 89 78 87 89 II 84 79 78 75 75 Nh kho, khu dch v I 84 89 77 84 89 II 83 71 77 72 74
Ngun: Ti liu (1): Nguyn inh Tun v cng s, 2000
(Ngun: m hc v kim tra ting n, NXB Gio dc, Nguyn Hi) Nhn chung mc tc ng c th phn lm 3 cp i vi nhng i tng chu tc ng nh sau:
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- Nng: cng nhn trc tip thi cng v cc i tng khc c ly gn (trong vng bn knh chu nh hng < 100 m).
- Trung bnh: tt c cc i tng chu tc ng c ly xa (trong vng bn knh
t 100 500m). - Nh: ngi i ng b. Qu trnh st l, trt ln b sng Cng trnh khng c tng ngm hay o su vo lng t v cng trnh nm trn t lin, cch xa b sng, quy m xy dng nh v khu vc c b k tm nn khng gy ra st l hay trt ln b sng. Ngoi ra khu vc xy dng nm trong khu quy hoch sn xut v khng c cc loi sinh vt qu him hay t rng c . Cc vn x hi Lao ng ch yu l nhng ngi dn a phng v s lng khong 20 ngi nn qu trnh thi cng khng gy ra nhng xo trn x hi, an ninh trt t, t nn x hi khng xy ra.
3.1.2.3.
i tng v quy m b ng tc trong giai on xy dng
a. Tc ng n kinh t, x hi khu vc - Qu trnh tp kt cng nhn, di chuyn my mc thit b thi cng n cng trng c th gy ra tai nn giao thng hay my mc di chuyn c th lm c th lm h hng mt s con ng xung cp. - Khi cng trnh xy dng s s dng lao ng ti ch (lao ng a phng) gp phn to cng n vic lm gip cho mt dn a phng c thm thu nhp, n nh cuc sng. - Ngoi ra, ch d n u tin la chn nhng ca hng vt liu xy dng trong tnh cung cp vt t cho cng trnh. Qua , gp phn pht trin kinh t a phng. b. Tc ng n mi trng v h sinh thi khu vc
- Trong qu trnh xy dng c pht sinh mt lng nc thi nhng khng
nhiu t qu trnh bm ct san lp mt bng v mt phn nc thi sinh hot cng nhn nu khng x l tt khi thi ra cng chung c th lm tc nghn ng cng do ct bi lng, lm ng nc lu ngy s nh hng n cc h dn trong khu vc. Lng nc thi t v khng xy dng cng trnh ngm nn kh nng tc ng n nc ngm rt thp.
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- My mc thit b thi cng c th gy ra ting n cao v t nhin liu xng nu kim sot khng tt s lm tng cc thnh phn c hi trong khng kh nh CO, Bi, THC, NOx ..gp phn lm nhim mi trng khng kh. c. Tc ng n cnh quan v h sinh thi khu vc Do d n c thc hin ti khu vc t ca cng ty, quy m cng trnh nh, v tr xy dng ng theo quy hoch ca huyn v pht trin cc ngnh sn xut kinh doanh trong c ngnh kinh doanh vt t nng nghip, phn bn, thuc bo v thc vt cho nn khi cng trnh hnh thnh s gp phn to cnh quan khu vc.
3.1.3. nh gi tc ng trong giai on vn hnh d n
3.1.3.1. Nhng tc ng mi trng c lin quan n cht thi Trn c s nh gi qui trnh hot ng ca kho phn bn, thuc BVTV v kho st thc t mt s kho khc c quy m v tnh cht tng t, c th tm tt cc ngun gy nhim mi trng trong giai on hot ng ca d n nh bng sau: Bng 23. Tm tt cc ngun nhim ca d n Hot ng Nhp phn bn, thuc BVTV Ngun nhim Thnh phn nhim
- Kh thi, ting n t cc phng Phng tin vn chuyn tin vn chuyn, vn an ton giao thng Phn thuc h hng, - Tng khi lng cht thi c hi khng t cht lng (thuc h hng) Tp trung cng nhn Tp trung khi lng phn - Nc thi, CTR sinh hot - Hi, mi phn bn, thuc BVTV bn, thuc BVTV S c v h hng - C kh nng b ti nn lao ng, bnh ngh nghip - Hi, mi phn bn, thuc BVTV - Phn bn thuc b h hng trong qu trnh lu kho - C kh nng b ti nn lao ng, bnh ngh nghip - Kh thi, ting n t cc phng tin vn chuyn, vn an ton giao thng - Tng khi lng cht thi c hi
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Qu trnh lu kho
- Phn bn, thuc BVTV
Xut kho - Phng tin vn chuyn v vn - Phn thuc h hng, ht chuyn n hn s dng ni tiu th - Tp trung cng nhn
- S c v h hng
(thuc h hng) - Nc thi, CTR sinh hot - Hi, mi phn bn, thuc BVTV - C kh nng b ti nn lao ng, bnh ngh nghip
Ngun: Cng ty TNHH DV- TV Mai Anh tng hp a. Ngun gy nhim khng kh (1). Ngun gy nhim mi hi ti kho: Phn bn v thuc BVTV c mi c trng ring hoc s c r r, v h hng bao b hoc qu trnh lu cha phn bn khng cn thn phn b m t s t phn hy to mi hi hoc nn kho khng v sinh lu ngy lng phn ri vi nhiu trn nn kho s ht m v t phn hy to mi hi ... y l thnh phn nhim chnh v c trng ca kho thuc BVTV. Trong mi hi ca kho c nhiu thnh phn c hi pht sinh t thuc BVTV nn hon ton kh nng nh hng n con ngi nu tip xc trong thi gian di. Chnh v vy, ch d n cn c nhng bin php bo v thch hp hn ch tc ng ca chng gy ra. (2). Ngun gy nhim bi v kh thi
- i vi kh thi c hi pht sinh t trong kho: Hi khi thai, hi dung mi
hu c bay hi sinh ra do qu trnh t phn hy ca phn bn v thuc bao v thc vt trong mi trng. Mui va hi khi thai thay i theo tng loai thuc khac nhau. Co th c tinh nng cac cht nhim dang hi khi tai kho cha da vao kt qua o ac tai mt s kho ca nha may cung loai nh Nha may Thuc tr su Sai Gon, Nha may Bayer Argitech (Ngun: Vin Tai nguyn va Mi trng TP HCM). Theo o, nng hi dung mi hu c trong khi thai nm trong khoang t 10 mg/m3 15 mg/m3 khng khi. Tuy nhin, hin nay cng ngh ng gi phn bn v thuc BVTV rt tt cho nn hn ch c rt nhiu mi hi hay hi kh c. Mt khc lng thuc trong kho t v kho thng thong, c qut thng gi cng bc nn hn ch c hi dung mi v kh thi c hi rt nhiu. Tt ca cac loai bui va hi, khi thai phat sinh u tac ng n h thn kinh, h h hp, h tiu hoa cua con ngi va ng vt. a s cac loai thuc bao v thc vt, khi tac ng ln h thn kinh, chung kich ng h thn kinh, lam cho h thn kinh lun trang thai xung gy nn tinh trang mt moi, u oai, mt sc lao ng. Khi tac ng ln h h hp, chung c ch kha nng tip nhn oxi cua hng cu, vi liu lng ln chung co th gy ngat th, suy h hp,...H tiu hoa bi anh hng khi cng nhn n nhng thc n bi dinh thuc hay khng ra tay sach trc khi n, khi thuc bao v thc vt vao bao t, cac loai men tiu hoa trong bao t se u tin tac dung vi chung trc khi tac dung vi thc n. Thc n khng c tiu hoa
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gy nn hin tng y bung, y hi lu ngay se lam c th xanh xao, vang vot. Vi th, bao v sc khoe cua cng nhn trc tip bc xp, tai kho cn co bin phap x ly bui va hi, khi thai trit .
- i vi kh thi do phng tin giao thng: Nguyn nhn gy nhim l
do s dng nhin liu xng, du khng t chun, nng lu hunh cao hay do cc my mc thit b c k, lc hu, khng c bo tr bo dng thng xuyn khi vn hnh gy nhim mi trng. Khi thi cha cc thnh phn gy c hi nh CO, NOx, SOx, Pb, THC, cc cht hu c bay hi v bi - Nng cc cht nhim ty thuc vo tng loi nguyn liu s dng, tnh trng vn hnh v tui th ca cc ng c. My mc cng c, nng cc cht nhim trong khi thi cng ln, tc ng n mi trng cng nhiu. Tuy nhin ngun nhim ny khng nh hng nhiu n mi trng do s lng phng tin rt t, tn xut hot ng ngn, thp v hot ng trong mi trng rng, thong.
- Bi pht sinh t cc phng tin vn chuyn ra vo kho v t qu trnh
bc xp hng ha xut nhp kho: nh hng ca lng bi ny tc ng trc tip n sc khe ca nhng cng nhn khun vc. Tuy nhin, hin nay tt cc li i trong khu vc kho u c btng, hng ha c vn chuyn bng xe ti kn hoc bng s lan nn lng bi pht sinh khng ng k. b. Ngun gy nhim mi trng do nc thi Kho cha phn bn, thuc BVTV khi hot ng c th pht sinh nc thi t cc ngun nh: nc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn lao ng; nc ma v nc v sinh nn xng, nc cha chy khi c s c chy n ln xy ra. (1). Nc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn Khi d n hot ng n nh cn khong 20 ngi. Khi khi lng nc thi sinh hot (tm git, v sinh) pht sinh hng ngy nh sau: - Gi nh khi lng nc thi sinh hat bng 80% lng nc cp.
- Tiu chun dung nc sinh hoat tinh theo u ngi t 45-60lit/ngi.ngy
(theo TCXDVN 33:2006 Quyt inh 06/2006/Q-BXD ngay 17/3/2006 Cp nc Mang li ng ng va cng trinh Tiu chun thit k), chn qtc = 60 lt/ngi/ngy. Tng lng nc cp: Q = 4 ngi x 60lt /ngui = 1.200 lt/ngy. Vy lng nc thi pht sinh: 1200 x 80% = 960 lt/ngy. Lng nc thi sinh hot c x l s b bng hm t hoi, cht lng nc sau x l c tham kho theo bng sau:
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Bng 24. Tnh cht c trng ca nc thi sinh hot Stt Cht nhim n v mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l MPN/100ml Nng 6,8 - 7,8 100 220 250 500 110 250 20 40 48 106-108 30 30 6 2500 QCVN Nhn 14:2008/BTMT, ct A xt 5-9 50 vt vt vt vt vt vt vt
01 pH 02 Cht rn l lng 03 COD 04 BOD5 (200C) 05 Tng Nit 06 Tng phospho 07 Coliform
(Ngun: Gio trnh cng ngh x l nc thi, Trn Vn Nhn & Ng Th Nga, NXB Khoa hc k thut, 1999) Cht lng nc thi sau hm t hoi cha t quy chun QCVN 14:2008/BTMT ct A. Nh vy cn phi c x l trc khi thi ra ngoi. * Nc ma: Bn thn nc ma khng lm nhim mi trng. Khi cha xy dng Nh kho, nc ma s tiu thot bng nhiu nhnh nh chy ra h thng thot nc hoc phn ln thm trc tip xung t. Khi d n c xy dng ln, mi nh v sn bi c tri nha s lm mt kh nng thm nc, ngoi ra, nc ma chy trn trn mt t ti khu vc cun theo cc cht cn b v t ct xung h thng thot nc, nu khng c bin php tiu thot tt, s gy nn tnh trng ng nc ma, gy tc nghn h thng tiu thot nc, to nh hng xu n mi trng. V nguyn tc, nc ma l loi nc thi c tnh cht nhim nh (quy c sch) c t chc thot nc trc tip vo h thng thu gom nc ma ca khu vc v x thng vo ngun m khng qua x l. * Nc v sinh nn, nc cha chy khi c s c chy n ln xy ra trong kho: Trong qu tnh hot ng phn bn ri vi lu ngy trong kho b phn hy to mi hi cn phi v sinh lm sch nn hoc thuc b v cn phi v sinh nn s pht sinh nc thi hoc khi ha hon ln xy ra trong kho phi dng nc cha chy. Ngun nc thi ny tuy khng pht sinh thng xuyn nhng mc nhim rt cao do thuc BVTV hay phn bn ha tan vo trong nc cho nn ch d n cn c bin php x l lng nc thi ny khi c s c xy ra. c. Ngun gy nhim mi trng do cht thi rn:
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Song song vi vn nc thi, mi hi kh thi th cht thi rn cng l mt ngun gy nhim ln trong hot ng kinh doanh thuc BVTV. Cc cht thi rn pht sinh c th phn chia thnh cc nhm theo tnh cht nhim nh sau: (1). Nhm th nht (rc thi sinh hot): Khi d n i vo hot ng cn khong 20 ngi. Cht thi pht sinh ch yu l thc phm, rau qu, bc nilong . c tnh lng thi trung bnh 0,5 kg/ngi/ngy, th khi lng cht thi rn sinh hot s l 0,5kg/ngi/ngy x 20 ngi = 10 kg/ngy. Ton b cht thi c thu gom tp trung vo thng rc, ng thi hp ng vi n v c chc nng thu gom, x l theo quy nh. Thnh phn ca rc thi sinh hot c tng hp v trnh by trong bng sau: Bng 25. Thnh phn cht thi rn sinh hot STT 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Thnh Phn Thc phm Giy Carton Nilon Nha Vi G Cao su mm Cao su cng Thy tinh Lon hp St Kim loi mu Snh s Bng bng X bn Styrofoam Tng cng T L (%) Khong dao ng Trung bnh 61,0 96,6 79,17 1,0 19,7 5,18 0 4,6 0,18 0 36,6 6,84 0 10,8 2,05 0 14,2 0,98 0 7,2 0,66 0 0 0 2,8 0,13 0 25,0 1,94 0 10,2 1,05 0 0 0 3,3 0,36 0 10,5 0,74 0 0 0 9,3 0,69 0 1,3 0,12 100 Ngun: Trung tm Centema, 2005 (2). Nhom th hai (cht thai thng thng): ch yu l cc loi bao b nilong hay bao b giy carton, nhn mc; dng c bo h lao ng nh gng tay, khu trang, knh, giy ng bo h. Khi lng rt t, tham kho cc kho tng t khi lng pht sinh khong 2 n 3kg/ngy. Nhng loi rc ny khng c c tnh nguy him cho ngi, tuy nhin a s chng c thi gian phn hy rt lu (tr giy) i
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hi kho lu cha phi c din tch ln, lm mt m quan, gy nhim mi trng cho nn ch d n cn c nhng bin php x l thch hp. (3). Nhom th ba (cht thai nguy hai): Cht thi nguy hi chu yu la bao bi ph thai cha nguyn liu, gie lau dinh thuc bao v thc vt; gie lau dinh du nht, cac loai bao bi h hong co dinh thuc, thuc ht hn s dng, thuc km phm cht, thuc do v trong qu trnh bo qun, khi lng c tinh khoang 810kg/thng. Mc d, khi lng nh nhng mc c hi ca chng gy ra rt ln cho nn ch d n cn c nhng bin php qun l v x l thch hp. 3.1.3.2. Cc ngun gy nhim khng lin quan n cht thi a. Ting n, rung D n thuc dng kho lu cha hng ha, ch s dng 01 xe ti c ti trng 10 tn vn chuyn hng ha, khng s dng cc my mc thit b nn khi hot ng n rt thp hon ton nm trong gii hn cho php v khng lm nh hng n cc c s sn xut khc trong khu vc. Khng s dng my mc thit b nn khi hot ng khng gy ra rung. b. Cc yu t vi kh hu - Bc x nhit mt tri xuyn qua trn mi tole vo nhng ngy tri nng gt; - Qu trnh tch t nhit trong nh xng do chnh lch ap sut; Bn cnh , do iu kin kh hu Nam B kh nng bc, nht l vo cc thng ma kh bc x mt tri xuyn qua mi tole vo nhng ngy nng gt s gp phn lm tng nhit trong nh xng. Nhit trong nh xng cao s lm nh hng xu n sc kho v nng sut lm vic ca cng nhn, do cn c bin php hn ch nhit tha trong nh xng to iu kin lm vic tt cho cng nhn. c. St l t Tng sc cha d n kh ln khong 1.800 tn v c 02 kho A, B nm cnh b sng, mc khc kh vc ny phng tin tham gia giao thng rt nhiu nn hon ton c kh nng gy st l vng t d n. Nu st l xy ra s gy nh hng rt ln n kinh t v mi trng, cht lng nc mt khu vc do cc loi phn bn v thuc BVTV tan chy vo trong nc. Chnh vy ch d n cn ch ng thc hin cc bin php cn thit phng trnh st l. d. Nhng tc ng khng lin quan cht thi khc D n quy m nh, lng cht thi pht sinh t v c x l trc khi thi ra mi trng nn khng xy ra cc vn v sm nhp mn; thay i mc nc mt, nc ngm; mt rng; thm thc vt hay lm suy thoi cc thnh phn mi trng; lm nh hng n a dng sinh hc.
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3.1.3.3. Nhng nh hng ca thuc BVTV a. Xm nhp ca thuc BVTV vo bn trong c th Ch khi xm nhp c vo bn trong c th, thuc BVTV mi gy c cho ngi v gia sc. C bn thuc BVTV c th xm nhp vo bn trong c th theo 3 con ng chnh: - Thuc ri rt trn da, xm nhp vo bn trong c th: trong qu trnh pha v phun thuc BVTV, tay chn l b phn d b nhim thuc nht; mt ming v b phn sinh dc l ni d mn cm vi thuc nht. Tri nng nc, m hi ra nhiu cng lm cho thuc d xm nhp qua da vo bn trong c th. - Nut phi thuc: Thuc theo cng n, thc ung xm nhp vo c th. nu thuc BVTV xm nhp vo c th theo con ng ny thng gy trng c nng nht. - Ht phi hi c ca thuc: Hi c s i qua mi xm nhp vo phi. b. Triu chng ng c thuc BVTV V iu kin, nn nhn phi c tip xc mt thi gian nht nh vi thuc BVTV, hoc n ung nhm phi thc phm c cha c cht, nhng nn nhn ung thuc BVTV t t. - Trng hp nhim c nh: C th gp mt hoc nhiu biu hin trong cc triu chng nh: nhc u, chng mt, mt mi, chy nc ming, chy nc mt. - Ng c mc trung bnh: bun nn, nn, m mt, nh trng ngc, tc ngc, au tht d dy, run ry, v m hi, co ng t, mch chm, - Ng c nng: Co git, th yu, m sng, ri lon nhp tim, t vong. c. Ng c cp tnh v ng c mn tnh
- Ng c mn tnh: Khi mt loi thuc BVTV ni ring hay mt cht c ni
chung xm nhp vo c th vt vi mt lng no , c th s b ng c biu hin bng nhng triu chng (hn m, co git, ng t b gin) l ng c cp tnh. Khi mt cht c hay mt loi thuc BVTV xm nhp vo c th vi mt lng nh cha gy ra trng c cp tnh. Nhng nu ngy ny qua ngy khc thuc lin tc xm nhp vo c th vi nhng lng nh th n mt lc no c th s b suy yu, c nhng c quan chc nng ca c th b tn thng do tc ng ca thuc, l ng c mn tnh. - c cp tnh: Nhng loi cht c khi xm nhp vo c th mt loi ng vt vi mt lng nh, gy ng c cp tnh th cht c c cp tnh cao. Ngc li, nhng cht c khi xm nhp vo c th mt loi ng vt vi lng tng i nhiu hn mi gy ng c cp tnh th cht c c cp tnh thp
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hn. Nhng thuc BVTV c c cp tnh cao th cng d gy ng c cho ngi. Ch tiu biu th c cp tnh ca mt cht c ni chung v ca mt loi thuc BVTV ni ring - i vi ng vt mu nng trong trng hp cht xm nhp qua ng ming vo b my tiu ho l ch s LD50. Khi tc ng ln cng mt loi ng vt, mi loi thuc BVTV c mt tr s LD50 ring, biu th c c cp tnh ca thuc i vi ng vt mu nng. + LD50 l liu gy cht cho 50% s lng con vt th nghim (chut bch, th) c tnh bng s lng miligam hot cht ca thuc/kg th trng ca con vt th nghim. Tr s LD50 ca mt loi thuc cng nh th c cp tnh ca thuc vi ng vt mu nng ngy cng cao, thuc cng nguy him, d gy cht ngi v ng vt. Theo quy nh ca B Nng nghip v pht trin nng thn, cc thuc BVTV chia thnh cc nhm c c cp tnh khc nhau, tu theo tr s LD50 (qua ng ming) ca thuc . Bng 26.Phn loi nhm c thuc BVTV Vit Nam v cc biu tng v c cn ghi trn nhn Nhm c Ia, Ib Ch en Rt c c cao Nguy him Cn thn Hnh tng LD50 i vi chut (mg/kg) Vch Qua ming Qua da mu Th rn Th lng Th rn Th lng 200 >2002000 >20002500 >2500 100 >1001000 >1000 >1000 400 >4004000 >4000 >4000
II
III IV
u lu xng 50 cho Ch thp cho >50trong hnh Vng 500 thoi vung ng cho hnh Xanh >500thoi vung khng nc 2000 lin nt bin Xanh Khng biu tng >2000 l cy
Ghi ch: Loi thuc no c LD 50 nm trong khong 500-2000 th s dng Nguy him; Loi thuc no c LD 50 >2000 th s dng t Cn thn. - Nhng k hiu v biu tng nu trong bng trn y c p dng trong vic trnh by cc bao b, cc nhn thuc BVTV lu thng v s dng Vit Nam. - Vi nhng thuc BVTV thuc nhm I, nu v nut phi vi git hoc mt nhm nh (thuc th rn) cho ti 1 tha c ph l c th gy cht ngi. Vi nhm II, nu nut phi mt lng nhiu (30/450ml) th mi gy cht ngi.
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- Cc thuc BVTV c nhng trng hp cn gy c cho c th qua ng tip xc (Xm nhp qua da). Tr s biu th c ca mt loi thuc BVTV qua ng tip xc cng l LD50 (mg/kg). Tr s LD50 ca mt loi thuc BVTV qua ng tip xc cng nh th thuc cng d gy ng c cho ng vt, cho ngi khi b thuc dnh vo da. d. Nhng biu hin khc v c ca mt loi thuc BVTV n ng vt mu nng Ngoi c cp tnh (c trng bng tr s LD50 nu phn trn) cn phi xem xt v kh nng mt loi thuc BVTV c th gy ra hay khng cho ng vt cc chng bnh him ngho nh: Gy sy thai, gy qui thai, gy ung th, gy bin i di truyn,
3.1.3.4. i tng v quy m b tc ng trong giai on d n hot ng
a. Tc ng n kinh t x hi khu vc S ra i v i vo hot ng ca d n s to vic lm cho khong 20 cng nhn trong giai on xy dng v khong 20 cng nhn trong giai on hot ng. D n hot ng tc ng tch cc vo s pht trin kinh t a phng, tng ngun thu cho ngn sch, gip n nh ngun cung phn bn v ha cht BVTV cho nn nng nghip a phng, gin tip thc y pht trin kinh t nng nghip. b. Tc ng n mi trng v h sinh thi, cnh quan khu vc Cht thi pht sinh t d n rt t, mc tc ng n mi trng rt thp, nn trong qu trnh hot ng khng lm thay i cht lng mi trng xung quanh khu vc hay lm thay i cnh quan, h sinh thi. c. Tc ng n cc c s sn xut trong khu vc Qu trnh lu cha kho thuc trong kho s t phn hy hoc phn thuc b ri vi pht tn mi hi, cc cht c hi trong thuc thot ra mi trng gy nhim khng kh. Nu cc gii php x l hi thuc khng hiu qu s lm nh hng n sc kho ca nhng ngi dn sng gn kho, do tip xc vi hi thuc trong thi gian di. 3.1.4. Tc ng do ri ro, s c 3.1.4.1. Tc ng do ri ro, s c trong giai on chun b d n Trong gia on ny c th xy ra mt s tai nn nh t ng cao do qu trnh tho d phi leo cao; Cc vt st nhn nh inh, tole m, ct cng nhn m nguyn nhn chnh l do bt cn ca khi lm vic hoc khng s dng cc trang b bo h cn thit nh bao tay, giy bo h. Tuy nhin kh nng xy ra v mc
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nh hng thp. Mt d vy ch d n cng phi ch cng tc an ton phng trnh tai nn cho cng nhn. 3.1.4.2. Tc ng do ri ro, s c trong giai on xy dng a. S c chy n Trong qu trnh thi cng c th xy ra s c chy n do r r hay tn cha nhin liu khng an ton; h thng in tm thi khng an ton gy chp chy; qu ti cc ng c in. Trong khu vc d n c mt s cng trnh vn ha cng cng: UBND x Bnh Thnh 150m, Trm y t x Bnh Thnh cch 300m, cch trng THCS Bnh Thnh v ch Bnh Thnh 800m,. Tuy nhin cng trnh xy dng quy m nh nn kh nng xy ra s c chy n l rt thp v nu c xy ra th cng ch nh hng cc b khu vc d n, khng gy tc ng n cc cng trnh trn v cc h dn trong khu vc. Mc d vy, ch kho cn c nhng bin php phng chng chy n m bo an ton ti sn v tnh mng cng nhn lao ng. b. Vn an ton lao ng Do cng trnh nh nn phn ln cng vic u lm bng tay. Mt khc, nh kho xy kh cao v s dng khung nh tin ch nn nguy c xy ra tai nn thi cng hon ton c th xy ra, nht l t ng cao rt ph bin, a dng v thng xy ra cc trng hp sau: - Thi cng trn cao nh xy, lp t, tho d cp pha, lp t ct thp m b tng, lp ghp cc kt cu xy dng v thit b, vn chuyn vt liu ln cao, lm mi v cc cng tc hon thin (trt tng, qut vi, trang tr,) - Khi cng nhn lm vic xung quanh cng trnh hoc cc b phn kt cu nh ra ngoi cng trnh (ban cng, vng); khi lm vic trn mi, nht l trn mi dc, mi lp bng vt liu gin, d gy v ( mi lp, fibr-ximng); trn mp sn, trn gin gio khng c lan can bo v. - Khi cng nhn ln xung trn cao (leo tro trn tng, trn cc kt cu lp ghp, trn gin gio, trn khung cp pha, ct thp, khi ln xung thang,). - Khi i li trn cao (i trn nh tng, nh dm, nh gin, trn cc kt cu khc). - Khi sn thao tc hoc thang bc tm b b gy. - Khi lm vic v tr chnh vnh, nguy him khng eo dy an ton. - Ng cao khng nhng ch xy ra nhng cng trng ln, thi cng tp trung, cng trnh cao, m c cc cng trng nh, cng trnh thp, thi cng phn tn. Nhng nguyn nhn chnh gy tai nn ng cao
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- Sc khe khng tt nh th lc yu, ngi c bnh v tim, huyt p, tai ic, mt km, - Cng nhn cha c o to v chuyn mn hoc lm vic khng ng vi ngh nghip, bc th. - Cng nhn cha c hc tp, hun luyn cha t yu cu v ATL - Thiu hoc khng s dng cc phng tin bo v c nhn nh dy an ton, giy, m bo h lao ng. - Khng s dng cc phng tin lm vic trn cao nh thang, cc loi gin gio (gio gh, gio cao, gio treo, ) t chc ch lm vic v i li an ton cho cng nhn, trong qu trnh thi cng trn cao. - S dng cc phng tin lm vic trn cao ni trn khng m bo cc yu cu an ton gy ra s c tai nn do nhng sai st lin quan n thit k, ch to, lp t v s dng. - Cng nhn vi phm ni quy an ton lao ng, lm ba, lm u trong thi cng. Nhn chung cc tc ng ni trn nh hng n mi trng khng ng k v trong thi gian c hn. Tuy nhin, cng cn c cc bin php thch hp kim sot v cc tc ng ny nh hng rt ln n sc kho v tnh mng ca cng nhn tham gia xy dng cng trnh. c. Tai nn giao thng - Mt phng tin giao thng khu vc sng xng Lp V kh ng nn trong qu trnh vn chuyn vt t, my mc thit b thi cng nu khng cn thn c th xy ra tai nn giao thng. - Tuy nhin, gp phn m bo an ton giao thng trong khu vc, ch c s phi hp vi nh cung cp vt liu xy dng thng xuyn nhc nh kim tra an ton k thut cc phng tin vn ti, thc hin ng kim theo quy nh, tuyn truyn nng cao thc chp hnh lut giao thng cho cng nhn trong sut qu trnh thc hin d n. 3.1.4.3. Tc ng do ri ro, s c trong giai on hot ng a. Tai nn lao ng bnh ngh nghip Tai nn lao ng c th xy ra khi cng nhn tham gia bc xp hng ha xut nhp kho. Nguyn nhn c th do: - Bt cn ca cng nhn trong lc bc xp hng ha b t ng dn n chn thng, hay v thuc BVTV tung to dnh bm ln c th gy ra nhng tai nn ngh nghip.
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- Cng nhn tip xc thng xuyn vi thuc BVTV nhng khng c trang b y dng c bo h c kh nng dn n cc bnh nghip nh cc bnh v tim mch, v mi, v sinh ...
- Khng o to v an ton cho cng nhn trc khi giao vic v nh k. - thc chp hnh ni quy v an ton lao ng km.
- Tnh trng sc kho ca cng nhn khng tt, ng gt trong lc lm vic, lm vic qu sc gy chong, - Do thiu trang b bo h lao ng hoc trang b bo h lao ng khng ph hp vi tng iu kin lao ng. * Kha nng gy nhim c cho ngi lao ng: Trong qua trinh bc xp, nu thc hin khng tt cng tc an ton lao ng, ngi lao ng co th tip xuc vi hoa cht c hai qua cac ng sau: - Thm nhp qua da do tip xuc thng xuyn vi hoa cht tr su. - Nhim c qua ng h hp vi nng hoa cht trong kho cao. - Nhim c qua ng tiu hoa: thuc BVTV khng c bao quan tt khi gn khu vc thc n, nc ung hoc do khng v sinh sach se trc khi n ung gia ca. b. S c chy n Kh nng chy n khu vc kho c th xy ra vi nhiu nguyn nhn khc nhau nh sau : - S c v cac thit bi in: dy trn, dy in, ng c, quat,...bi qua tai trong qua trinh vn hanh, phat sinh nhit va dn n chay. - Cc loi bao b ng phn bn, thuc tr su rt d chy do nu qun l ngn la trn khng tt cng c kh nng bn la gy ha hon. - Cc loi thuc BVTV c th t tng tc vi nhau gy ra cc phn ng chy. Nu s c xy ra s lm nh hng n mi trng t, nc, khng kh; hn na c th thit hi v tnh mng v ti sn. V vy ch d n phi ch trng n cc cng tc phng chy cha chy m bo an ton trong trnh hot ng ca kho v hn ch nhng mt mt, tn tht c th xy ra. c. Tai nn giao thng
- Khu vc d n nm ngay trn tuyn sng xng Lp V, l tuyn knh huyt
mch ni sng Tin v Sng Hu, mc khc d n nm gn th trn Lp V nn

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phng tin tham gia giao thng rt cao. Cho nn khi d n hot ng cc phng tin vn chuyn phn bn v thuc BVTV ca khch hng ra vo kho s lm tng thm s lng v mt phng tin giao thng thu. Cho nn kh nng xy ra tai nn giao thng rt ln, nn ch d n cn thc hin nghim cc bin php an ton giao thng phng trnh tai nn ng tit xy ra.
- Nhn chung, nu tai nn giao thng xy ra s lm tc ng n mi trng
rt ln. Nguyn nhn l do v, h hng chay l thuc BVTV gy mi hi nhim khng kh, nu xy ra tai nn ng thy c th lm chim tu ghe khi phn bn s b tan chy vo ngun nc mt lm nhim mi trng nc v c th gy thit hi v ngi v ti sn, lm tc ng ln n kinh t - x hi. Song c th phng trnh c bng cch kim tra tnh trng k thut, tuyn truyn nng cao thc chp hnh lut l giao thng ca cc ch phng tin vn ti, cng nh p dng cc bin php qun l an ton giao thng hiu qu trn khu vc d n. d. S c ngp lc - ng Thp Mi l vng thng xuyn b l v l ln xy ra bt thng cho nn s c ngp lc l hon ton c th xy ra. Nu l ln gy ngp kho s lm tan chy phn bn gy nhim nc mt ca khu vc, gy nh hng nghim trng n cht lng nc, h sinh thi, gy hin tng ph dng do lng phn tan chy ln, nng cc cht hu c cao lm thay i mi trng sng ca cc loi thy sinh; lm cht cc loi thc vt nc do lng phn bn tan trong nc qu cao gy nn hin tng ng c phn bn. - Ngoi ra, mt b phn dn c trong khu vc cn s dng nc mt sinh hot hng ngy nn khi ngun nc b nhim s lm thiu nc sinh hot v nh hng n i sng ca ngi dn. Chnh v vy ch d n cn phi c bin php phng trnh khi l ln trn v.
3.2.
NHN XT V MC CHI TIT, TIN CY CA CC NH GI Cc phng php c s dng trong qu trnh TM bao gm:
- Phng php thng k: thu thp cc thng tin s cp v th cp v hin trng mi trng t nhin cng nh kinh t x hi ti khu vc thc hin d n. Phng php ny c tin cy cao, cc ngun thng tin c chun ha v lu gi t cc c quan qun l nh nc. - Phng php phn tch: phn tch tng yu t trong qu trnh vn hnh ca d n c kh nng gy nh hng n mi trng t nhin v kinh t ca khu vc. tin cy ca phng php ny kh cao, tng tc nhn gy tc ng ca d n c nh gi mt cch chi tit v c th trong quy m v thi gian.
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- Phng php so snh: so snh cc ch tiu phn tch mi trng vi cc quy chun, tiu chun mi trng Vit Nam xc nh mc tc ng ca d n. tin cy ca phng php ny tng i, kh nng d on v so snh vi cc quy chun i khi cn cha linh hot i vi tng vng v khu vc khc nhau. - Phng php lit k: lit k nhng tc ng tch cc v cc mt hn ch khi d n hot ng, a ra danh mc cc bin php khc phc. tin cy cao, d on c nhng tc ng ca d n cng nh nhng bin php gim thiu. - Kho st thc a, o c ly mu v phn tch cc ch tiu v mi trng khng kh v nc (nc mt, ngm) khu vc d n: phng php ny c chnh xc cao, nh gi ng hin trng cht lng mi trng trong khu vc. - Cc d bo, nh gi tc ng, cc ri ro v s c mi trng c kh nng xy ra ca d n n mi trng c phn tch n tng giai on ca d n, trnh b st cc tc ng trong giai on d n i vo s dng. - Cc ngun gy nhim c phn tch rt r rng, chi tit. V vy, mc nhim v mc tc ng ca d n c phn tch, nh gi rt c th, chi tit nh: tc ng do bi, mi hi, tc ng do nc thi, tc ng do ting n v nhit cao, tc ng do cht thi rn v cht thi nguy hi,
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CHNG 4 BIN PHP PHNG NGA, GIM THIU TC NG XU V PHNG NGA NG PH S C MI TRNG Mc d, lng cht thi pht sinh t d n khng nhiu nhng mc c hi rt cao nu khng c bin php x l thch hp m thi trc tip ra mi trng s lm nhim v nh hng n ngi dn trong khu vc. Chnh v vy ch d n phi hn ch n mc thp nht khi lng cht thi pht sinh bo v mi trng v s pht trin bn vng. Cc bin php gim thiu tc ng tiu cc xut di y c xy dng da trn cc nguyn tc sau: - Ch ng phng trnh, gim thiu ngun pht sinh cht thi v gim thiu cht thi ti ngun.
- Bin php BVMT phi c tnh kh thi cao, x l t tiu chun/qui chun x
thi v ph hp iu kin ca kho cha thuc BVTV, cng nh ngun ti chnh cho php ca ch u t. - Bin php bo v mi trng phi c duy tr trong qu trnh hot ng.
4.1. BIN PHP PHNG NGA, GIM THIU CC TC NG XU DO
D N GY RA 4.1.1. Bin php phng nga, gim thiu cc tc ng xu trong giai on chun b Trong giai on ny ngun pht sinh cht thi cng nh mc gy nhim mi trng thp. Ch yu l nc thi do bm ct nng cao nn v cht thi rn pht sinh t qu trnh tho d nh c. Bin php x l chnh nh sau:
- i vi nc thi do bm ct: xy dng h lng tm lng cn rc, t ho
tan trong nc trc khi thi ra sng. Cun nn bao quanh khu vc d n trnh nc thi bm ct chy trn qua t v nh ca nhng h dn ln cn. - i vi nc thi sinh hot: cng nhn s dng cc nh v sinh hin c. - i vi cht thi rn: s tin hnh phn loi trong lc tho d nh, phn no khng s dng c m c th tn dng lm cht t c s cho nhng h dn trong khu vc. Nhng thnh phn nh tole h hng s tp trung bn ph liu. Cn nhng thnh phn khng tn dng c s ch ra bi rc chung ca huyn x l.
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4.1.2. Bin php phng nga, gim thiu cc tc ng xu trong giai on xy dng
4.1.1.1. Cc bin php chung
Khi thi cng xy dng s gy ra nhng tc ng nht nh n mi trng, h sinh thi, an ton lao ng, sc khe ca cng nhn v cc yu t x hi. hn ch nhng tc ng trn, ch u t cn thc hin cc bin php chung nh sau: (1). Quan tm n vn v sinh mi trng, an ton lao ng v bo v sc khe ngay khi lp n thit k thi cng. t c kt qu tt v cc mt ni trn khi chn bin php thi cng cn ch cc vn sau: - Thm duyt thit k trc khi trin khai thc hin. - Lp t cng tc qun l d n v ATL v sinh mi trng, PCCC ngay khu vc thi cng iu hnh cng vic theo ng k hoch v kp thi gii quyt cc s c ngay ti cng trng. - Lp k hoch thi cng v b tr nhn s hp l, tun t, trnh chng cho gia cc cng on thi cng. - p dng cc bin php thi cng tin tin, c gii ha cc thao tc v rt ngn thi gian thi cng n mc ti a. (2). T chc thi cng phi c cc gii php thch hp m bo an ton lao ng v v sinh mi trng, c th l: Tun th cc quy nh v an ton lao ng khi t chc thi cng nh cc bin php o t, b tr my mc thit b, bin php phng nga tai nn in, phng chng st; thi gian v trnh t thi cng phi m bo s n nh ca cc b phn cng trnh; b tr mt bng thi cng hp l khng gy cn tr ln nhau (3). Ti mt bng thi cng ca D n cn phi m bo y cc tiu chun phc v cho cng nhn trc tip xy dng nh: - B tr cc c s vt cht phc v cho cng nhn thi cng xy dng nh nh n, ni ngh ngi, tm ra, y t, v sinh. - B tr hp l ng vn chuyn v i li. - Cch ly cc khu vc nguy him nh trm bin th, vt liu d chy n - Phun nc ti t ng, che chn nhng khu vc pht sinh nhiu bi. - D n cn xy dng nhng nh v sinh tm thi phc v cho cng nhn trn cng trng, nc thi pht sinh t nh v sinh phi c x l. Quy nh bi cha rc, trnh phng u, vt rc thi ba bi gy nhim mi trng. - Thng xuyn theo di din bin cht lng mi trng khu vc thi cng kp thi pht hin v x l cc cng on gy nhim, mt an ton.
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4.1.1.2. Cc bin php gim thiu tc ng i vi mi trng khng kh a. Bin php gim thiu nhim khng kh do phng tin vn chuyn vt t v thit b thi cng Vic trn b tng, vn chuyn vt liu xy dng bng tu thuyn hoc xe s gy cc ngun gy nhim n mi trng khng kh do bi, kh thi, ting n, hn ch cc tc ng trn, cn thc hin cc bin php sau: - Chuyn ch vt liu xy dng nh ct, , gch, xi mng bng tu, s lan phi c sp xp hp l trnh ri vi v khng ch qu ti trng ca phng tin. Ngoi ra, ch phng tin phi tun th nghim cc quy nh lut giao thng m bo an ton khi di chuyn. - Khi vn chuyn vt liu phi c bt che chn bo m an ton, khng r r pht tn vo mi trng. - hn ch bi khi chuyn ch vt liu xy dng v t o cn c k hoch hp l, trnh tp trung nhiu tu, xe ra vo cng mt thi gian. - Ti nc trn mt t nhng khu vc thi cng hn ch bi. - Nhp vt t theo tng giai on thi cng. b. Bin php gim thiu kh thi do hn ct kim loi Qu trnh hn ct kim loi s pht sinh kh thi c hi, y l ngun nhim ng kh thu gom x l. Tuy nhin d n nh, t cng on hn ct v thi cng trong khng gian rng, thng thong nn khng gy nhim mi trng v ch c kh nng tc ng trc tip n cng nhn thc hin. V vy bin php gim thiu chnh l trang b y dng c bo h cho cng nhn nh mt n hn, knh hn, gng tay, khu trang v b tr cc cng on hn ct lun phin trnh tp trung cng mt lc gy nhim mi trng. c. Cc bin php gim thiu ting n v rung gim mc nh hng ca ting n trong qu trnh xy dng n cc khu vc ln cn, cc bin php c xut p dng nh sau: - V tr t cc thit b thi cng phi xa dn, m bo khong cch an ton. - Kim tra mc n rung trong qu trnh xy dng sp xp lch thi cng ph hp gim thiu nhim ting n. - Khng s dng cc thit b gy n vt qu gii hn cho php, ting n ti cc khu vc cng cng v dn c theo Quy chun k thut Vit Nam v ting n (QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT). - Khng c thi cng qu 21 gi khng lm nh hng vic ngh ngi ca ngi dn trong khu vc.
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4.1.1.3. Cc bin php phng chng nhim mi trng nc

a.
i vi nc thi sinh hot ca cng nhn trn cng
trng Lng nc thi theo tnh ton trong Chng 3 l 01m3/ngy, lu lng nc thi ny khng ln nhng do nc thi sinh hot b nhim bi cht bi tit ca cng nhn, mt khc do thi gian xy dng ngn khong 3 thng nn ch u t khng xy dng nh v sinh tm m cho cng nhn s dng cc nh v sinh hin c. Cc nh v sinh u c hm t hoi c thit k c kch thc ph hp vi s lng cng nhn s dng. b. i vi nc thi do xy dng v nc ma Mc nhim ca nc ma v nc do bm ct san lp nn rt thp v ch yu b nhim t ct, cn l lng, vi sinh. Cc nguyn nhn gy nhim hon ton c th khc phc c bng nhng bin php sau:
- Ri si, nhng khu vc d gy ra ngp ng trnh ng nc.
- Hn ch ri vi du m, xng nht t cc phng tin s dng cc loi nhin liu trn. - Thu dn vt liu xy dng ri rt sau mi ngy lm vic trnh hin tng nc cun tri vt liu xy dng xung dng sng. - Cui cng l thu gom ton b v dn qua h lng ct gi li t, ct cn trc khi thi ra sng. 4.1.1.4. Cc bin php gim thiu pht sinh cht thi rn a. Rc thi xy dng Rc thi xy dng ch yu l cc loi x bn, cp pha, vt liu xy dng h hng, cc cht thi ny phi c tp thu gom v phn loi ra thnh cc nhm x l: - X bn c dng lp mt bng - Cc loi cp pha bng g c bn lm nguyn liu t - Cc loi st, thp vn c thu gom v bn cho cc c s ti ch - Cc loi rc khc nh bao giy (bao xi mng), thng nha, dy nha.... s c tch ring bn cho cc c s ti ch.
b. Rc thi sinh hot
Theo tnh ton khi lng pht sinh khong 10 kg/ngy, n v thi cng s b tr gi rc c np y dc theo ca ra vo cng trng thu gom v thu i v
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sinh cng cng ca a phng ch ra bi rc chn lp trong ngy khng tn ng gy nhim mi trng. c. Rc thi nguy hi Ch yu l thng ng nc sn cng ty s v sinh ti s dng vo mc ch khc. Ring du m khong do bo tr my mc khi lng cng rt t s tn dng lm cht bi trn cho cc thit b c xt ti, bnh rng gim ca my. 4.1.3. Bin php phng nga, gim thiu cc tc ng xu trong giai on hot ng 4.1.3.1. Bin php gim thiu tc ng xu c lin quan n cht thi
a.
Cc bin php gim thiu cht thi ti ngun
Ngn nga v gim thiu nhim ng vai tr rt quan trng trong cng tc qun l mi trng, nu thc hin tt cc bin php ny s lm gim lng cht thi ngay ti ngun v khc phc c nhng nh hng bt li n mi trng do cc cht nhim gy ra. ng thi gim chi ph u t cc cng trnh x l mi trng, c bn ch u t s p dng cc gii php sau y: - Qun l ni vi cht ch: Thc hin nh k cng tc gim st mi trng, c bit l theo di cht lng khng kh v nc mt khu vc nh gi mc nhim xut hng x l kp thi. - Cng tc quy hoch phi c thc hin nghim trc khi trin khai d n. - Thnh lp b phn an ton lao ng v v sinh mi trng phc trch cng tc qun l mi trng v ATL khi d n hot ng.
- Phi hp cht ch vi Phng Ti nguyn v Mi trng, i Cnh st PCCC
cng an huyn kp thi thng tin v hng dn x l khi xy ra x c. - Bin php k thut: u t y cc thit b x l nhim trc khi a kho vo hot ng. b. Bin php gim thiu nhim khng kh C th tm tt cc ngun gy nhim khng kh khi d n hot ng nh sau: - Mi hi c trng ca kho thuc bo v thc vt - Hi kh thi pht sinh t nhin t kho cha - Ting n, bi, kh thi t cc phng tin vn chuyn. (1). Cc bin php qun l chung: Quy hoch l mt trong nhng bin php rt quan trng trong cng tc gim thiu tc hi ca d n n mi trng. Trong quy hoch d n cn ch quy hoch bn bi, khong cch an ton vi cc i tng trong khu vc v qu t dnh cho cy xanh. T chc trng cy xanh, cy cnh bao
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quanh cc ng i ni b ca d n mang li hiu qu thit thc trong vic gim thiu cc tc ng n mi trng khng kh nh: to bng mt, cm gic mt m cho ngi dn, ngoi ra cn iu ha khng kh vi kh hu ti khu vc. Cy xanh cn c tc dng che nng, gim bc x mt tri, ht v gi bi, lc sch khng kh, che chn ting n. Ngoi ra, cn xy dng cc ni quy ra vo kho v hng dn k thut an ton cng nhn thc hin, khng bn cc loi VTNN trong danh mc cm ca B Nng nghip v Pht trin Nng thn. (2). Gim thiu tc ng do khi thi cc phng tin vn chuyn: Phn, thuc BVTV s c vn chuyn n ni tiu th bng tu, ghe hay xe ti nh, y l ngun thi ng, cht thi phn tn, ti lng thp, rt kh thu gom, x l. Ch d n c th p dng cc bin php hn ch nh sau: - Yu cu cc ch phng tin phi thng xuyn bo tr, sa cha my mc hot ng tt, t pht sinh khi thi. - Khuyn khch s dng nhin liu t chun nng S <1%. - Khng s dng cc loi xe, tu vn chuyn ht hn s dng. - iu phi tu thuyn hp l trnh tp trung qu nhiu phng tin giao thng hot ng trong khu vc d n cng thi im. - Tt my trong khi ch bc xp hng ha. (3). Bin php gim thiu mi hi v hi kh thi pht sinh t kho cha: y l ngun nhim c trng ca thuc bo v thc vt, pht sinh trong mt khng gian rng rt kh x l. hn ch nhim ch d n s p dng cc bin php sau: Bin php qun l ni vi:
- Khng kinh doanh cc mt hng cm theo danh mc ca B Nng nghip v
Pht trin Nng thn. - Xy dng ni quy hot ng kho nhn vin theo di thc hin. - Ch ng thc hin cc bin php ATL v gim st mi trng nh k kp thi x l cc thnh phn nhim. - Thc hin y cc quy nh v PCCC, bo him. - Xy dng kho cha theo ng thit k, quy hoch. - u t y cc thit b x l mi trng m bo x l c hiu qu. Cc bin php k thut - Phn bn phi c xp xp ln balet hn ch ht m t nn kho, hn ch qu trnh t phn hy khi m cao.
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- Nn kho phi nhn, khng thm nc, d lau chi, lm v sinh sch s. - Trong kho phi nh sng, thng thong, rng ri, khng b ma dt hay nng ri. - Lp t nhng qu cu thng gi trn mi kho lm thng thong, tng qu trnh trao i khng kh bn trong vi bn ngoi kho. - Nhit cao s lm tng qu trnh pht tn hi thuc BVTV, do gi n nh nhit , ch d n s lp t h thng phun nc trn my kho phun nc lm mt mi khi tri nng nng hay nhit cao. - Trng cy xanh quanh kho tng qu trnh hp thu kh thi gim thiu mi hi, ci thin iu kin vi kh hu. - Ngoi nhng bin php trn thuc bo v thc vt c lu cha trong kho kn ring c lp t h thng x l mi hi bng than hot tnh theo s nguyn l hot ng nh sau:
Thuyt minh nguyn l hot ng ca h thng x l khng kh kho thuc BVTV Thuc BVTV s c lu cha trong kho kn ring khng lm pht tn mi hi, hi kh c ra mi trng xung quanh. Trong kho c lp t h thng x l mi v hi kh c bng than hot tnh. Ph mt lp than hot tnh dy t 3-5cm trn ton b trn kho, trn mi kho s lp t h thng ht kh bng nhng qu cu thng gi. Khi qu cu thng gi hot ng s ht khng kh b nhim trong kho qua lp than hot tnh thot ra ngoi. Lp than tnh s hp ph hi dung mi, hi thuc bo v thc vt lm sch khng kh, gim mi hi trc khi thot ra ngoi mi trng. nh k 06 thng s thay lp than hot tnh m bo hiu qu x l.
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u im ca bin php trn l d thc hin, khng yu cu k thut cao, chi ph u t thp, khng tn in nng, hiu qu x l n nh, lin tc ph hp kho loi hnh kho cha pht sinh nhim thng xuyn. Tuy nhin, trong qu trnh vn hnh cn phi nh k thay than hot tnh m bo hiu qu x l. Ch d n s thc hin tng hp, ng b cc gii php trn gim thiu c nhim khng kh m bo sc kho ca cng nhn v ngi dn ln cn.
c. Bin php gim thiu tc ng mi trng nc
(1). H thng thu gom, x l nc thai: Khu vc d n s xy dng 03 h thng thu gom nc thi ring, hot ng song song theo s sau: Nc ma Nc thi sinh hot Nc v sinh nn kho, nc cu ha Thuyt minh qui trnh:
- Nc ma bn ngoi nh kho s thu gom qua h thng cng thot nc ma:
H gas Hm t hoi Hm cha + thu gom x l
Knh Xng Lp V
Hnh 3. S h thng thot nc
loi cng btng, ng knh 0,5m, c cc h gas lng ct trc khi thot ra knh xng Lp V. - Nc thi sinh hot c thu gom, x l bng hm t hoi 3 ngn trc khi thi ra mi trng. - Bn di nn kho s xy dng hm cha nc thi s c ( v, cu ha, v sinh nn ..) nn kho s to dc tp chung nc trong kho v b cha. Nc thi ny s c x l t tiu chun trc khi bm ra ngoi mi trng. (2). Bin php x l nc thi sinh hot: Do lng nc thi sinh hot rt t khong 01 m3/ngy nn s thu gom, x l bng b t hoi 3 ngn. B t hoi l cng trnh ng thi lm 2 chc nng: lng v phn hu cn lng, cn lng c gi li trong b t 3 - 6 thng, nh k c ht ra v vn chuyn n v tr lm phn hoc chn lp ti bi rc, di tc dng ca vi sinh vt k kh, cc cht hu c b phn hu, mt phn to thnh cc cht kh v mt phn to thnh cc cht v c ho tan, hiu qu x l nc thi sinh hot bng b t hoi t 60 65% cn l lng SS v 20 - 40% BOD.
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C A B
Hnh 4. S b t hoi 3 ngn Thnh phn v tnh cht nc thi MN i sinh hoat sau khi qua b t hoai c tha tham khao trong bang sau:
mx a
Bng 27. Thanh phn tinh cht nc thai sinh hoat sau khi qua b t hoai A Thnh phn BOD5, mg/l COD, mg/l SS, mg/l Ammonia, mg /l Tng nit, mg /l Tng phospho, mg/l Du v m, mg/l Dy gi tr 120 - 140 250 - 500 50 -100 20 - 50 25 - 80 10 - 20 10-50 50 5 30 6 10 QCVN 14:2008, ct A 30
(Ngun: Thoat nc Tp 2: X ly nc thai Hoang Hu, NXB KHKT) Xc nh th tch ca b t hoi: Th tch phn lng ca b t hoi
W1 = QxNxT 60 x 20 x6 = = 7,2m3 1000 1000
Trong : Q : Tiu chun nc thi tnh trn u ngi/ngy, Q = 60 l/ngi/ngy N : S lng ngi phc v, N = 20 ngi T : Thi gian lu nc trong b t hoi, T = 2 6 ngy - Th tch phn cha v phn hu bn
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W2 = bxNxtx (100 P ) x0,7 x1,2 x(100 P2 ) 0,5 x 20 x180 x(100 95 ) x0,7 x1,2 x(100 90 ) 1 = = 0,75 m3 100 .000 100 .000
Trong :
b : Tiu chun cn lng li trong b t hoi tnh, b = 0,4 0,5 l/ngi N : S lng cng nhn vin ly trung bnh, N = 20 ngi t : Thi gian lu tch ly cn trong b t hoi, t = 180 365 ngy P1 : m cua cn ti, P1 = 95% P2 : m trung binh cua cn trong b t hoai, P2 = 90%
- Th tch tng cng ca b t hoi W = W1 + W2 = 7,2 +0,75 = 7,95 m3
Do nc thi t v ch x l bng b t hoi nn chn h s an ton l K =1,5 nh vy th tch b t hoi l 7,95 x 1.5 = 11,925 m3, chn 12 m3. (3). Bin php x l nc thi s c: Ch d n s thc hin cc bin php d phng x l nc thi s c nh sau:
- Ch ng hn ch nc trong kho bng cch dng cc loi vt liu ht nc
x l thuc v, sau dng vi nhng x phng lau sch thuc bm dnh trn nn. Vi v bt ht nc c thu gom, x l theo ng quy nh v qun l cht thi nguy hi. Trong qu trnh cu ha hn ch phun xt nc m dng bnh kh CO2 hoc bt cha chy dp tt m chy.
- Ngoi ra, bn di nn mi kho s xy dng b cha nc s c 10m3
cha nc khi c s c xy ra, vi kch thc nh sau: LxWxH = 2,5x2x2 m. Khi c s dng nc v sinh nn, v sinh thuc v, cu ha th ton b lng nc thi t chy trn b mt kho theo dc v h thu. Do lng nc thi t, pht sinh khng thng xuyn nn ch d n khng u t cng trnh x l m khi c nc thi s hp ng vi n v c chc nng x l.
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d. Bin php gim thiu tc ng do cht thi rn Cht thi rn pht sinh ch yu l: Thng cattong, cht thi rn sinh hot cng nhn, phn h hng, ht hn s dng; thuc BVTV h hng. Vi nhng loi cht thi trn, ch d n s p dng cc bin php qun l sau: Hnh 5. S tm tt qui trnh qun l cht thi rn ti kho Cht thi rn
Cht thi rn sinh hot (10kg/ngy)
Cht thi rn ti ch (3-5kg/ngy)
Cht thi rn nguy hi (8-10kg/thng)
Tp trung vo thng rc
Thu gom tp trung vo kho cha
Tp trung vo thng cha chuyn dng
i thu gom rc a phng thu gom
nh k bn ph liu
Tr li nh cung cp hoc hp ng x l
(1). Bin php x l cht thi rn sinh hot: Vi lng cht thi rn pht sinh trung bnh khong 10 kg/ngy. Ch d n s thu gom tp trung vo thng rc i thu gom rc a phng vn chuyn v bi rc tp trung x l. (2). Bin php x l cht thi thng thng pht sinh t kho cha - i vi cht thi thng thng gm thng giy, bao nilong, bao PE ng phn bn s thu gom tp trung vo trong kho ti s dng (chuyn ra ca hng ng li thuc) hay bn ph liu. - i vi cht thi nguy hi, do lng pht sinh t ch d n khng xy dng kho cha ring m s trang b thng cha chuyn dng (thng nha, c np y kn, dn bin cnh bo cht thi nguy hi theo ng tiu chun TCVN 7362:2000 v bin cnh bo cht thi nguy hi) thu gom nhng loi
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thuc BVTV h hng tr li nh cung cp x l hoc hp ng vi n v c chc nng x l. Cht thi nguy hi c qun l theo ng Thng t s 12/2011/TT-BTNMT ngy 14 thng 4 nm 2011 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng. 4.1.3.2. Bin php gim thiu nhng tc ng khng lin quan n cht thi a. Bin php gim thiu nhim ting n Kho cha s dng lao ng rt t, khng my mc thit b, nn n ch pht sinh do cc xe ti, s lan vn chuyn ra vo kho, n khng ln. Tuy nhin ch d n s thc hin nhng bin php m bo mi trng n vo nhng gi cao im, gi ngh ngi nh sau:
- Khng n my trong khi ch bc xp hng ha, khng tp trung cng nhn
bc xp hng ha trong gi cao im, gi ngh ngi. - S kim tra, bo tr thng xuyn v nh k cc phng tin vn chuyn m bo an ton khi lu thng v khng to ting n do mn hng thit b. b. Gim thiu cc tc ng ca yu t vi kh hu hn ch nh hng ca nhit tha v m bo mi trng vi kh hu tt cho cng nhn lm vic, ch u t s p dng mt s bin php sau: - B tr qut thng gi nh kho tng qu trnh trao i nhit trong nh. - Trng cy xanh xung quanh b ro, va hn ch mi hi pht tan va hn ch cc yu t vi kh hu v to cnh quan kho, cy xanh ch yu l cc ging cy to bng mt: bng, phng, ip, t l cy xanh t ti thiu l 10% din tch. Tm li, hn ch nh hng ca nhit tha v ci to mi trng vi kh hu l rt quan trng, tnh trng xu ca mi trng vi kh hu s lm tng mc nhim v nh hng n sc khe ca cng nhn, gim cng lao ng v nng sut cng vic.
4.2. BIN PHP PHNG NGA, NG PH CC RI RO, S C
4.2.1. Bin php phng nga cc ri ro, s c trong giai on chun b d n Trong gia on ny c th xy ra mt s tai nn nh t ng cao hay cc vt st nhn nh inh, tole m, ct cng nhn v cc bin php phng trnh nh sau:
- Trang b cc dng c bo h cho cng nhn s dng nh giy, bao tay, mt
knh, dy eo lng cng nhn s dng khi tro cao .. - Tp hun ph kin nhng kin thc v ATL cng nhn c thc phng trnh.
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4.2.2. Bin php phng nga cc ri ro, s c trong giai on xy dng 4.2.2.1. i vi s c chy n Khi s c chy n xy ra s gy thit hi rt ln n tnh mng v ti sn, do phi c bit ch cng tc PCCC ti cng trng, c th s thc hin cc bin php di dy: - Thnh lp i PCCC iu hnh v cha chy khi c s c xy ra.
- Trang b cc thit b PCCC theo ng quy nh nh: bnh CO2, my bm
cha chy, vi rng, ... b tr cc bnh cha chy cm tay nhng v tr thch hp nht tin s dng, cc phng tin cha chy lun kim tra thng xuyn v m bo trong tnh trng sn sng. - Khng t rc, x bn trong cng trng, khng lu tr qu nhiu nhin liu gy chy nh xng, du, cm ht thuc trong cng trng. - H thng dy in, cc ch tip xc, cu dao in c th gy ra tia la in phi b tr tht an ton. - Ngoi ra nh thu phi quan tm n vn t chc phng chy, chng chy tt cho ton th cn b, cng nhn thng qua cc lp hun luyn PCCC. 4.2.2.2. i vi tai nn lao ng Trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng cn tuyt i chp hnh cc quy nh v an ton lao ng v phng chy n, phi xy dng k hoch, ni quy an ton lao ng p dng ngay ti cng trng, c th: - Phi tp qun cng tc an ton nh k v trc khi giao vic cho cng nhn. - Trang b y dng c bo h cho ngi lao ng, bt buc ngi lao ng phi s dng bo h lao ng theo ng cng vic. - Cng nhn trc tip thi cng, vn hnh my mc phi c hun luyn v thc hnh ng thao tc v ng qui trnh k thut. - Sp xp, b tr cc my mc thit b trt t, gn v to khong cch an ton cho cng nhn khi c s c chy n xy ra. 4.2.3. Bin php phng nga cc ri ro, s c trong giai on hot ng 4.2.3.1. An ton lao ng, v sinh mi trng v phng trnh tai nn lao ng Thc hin tt cng tc an ton v sinh lao ng phng trnh v hn ch nhng tai nn lao ng xy ra s lm tng nng sut v hiu qu cng vic. C bn Ch d n se thc hin mt s gii php sau:
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a. Bin php qun l - Trc khi a vo s dng, kho thuc thuc BVTV phi c cc c quan chc nng v mi trng, y t, PCCC gim st, kim tra v cp giy chng nhn t cc yu cu theo quy nh. - nh k t chc tp hun, o to, nng cao kin thc v an ton lao ng cho ton th cn b cng nhn vin v ngi lao ng trc khi giao vic theo ng quy nh. - Xy dng cc ni quy, quy nh ATLD bt buc cng nhn thc hin. - B tr, xp xp hng ha trong kho hp l, thng thong theo tng loi ring bit hn ch tc ng ca thuc BVTV n cng nhn. Nguyn tc cha thuc BVTV trong kho v by bn thuc BVTV trong ca hng: + Nhng thuc BVTV trong danh mc thuc hn ch s dng Vit nam phi c xp trong t ring, c kho chc chn. + Nhng thuc d bt la, d gy ho hon phi c xp ring v tr d pht hin v phng chy cha chy, t nh hng n cc l hng khc. + Cn xp ring tng chng loi thuc BVTV, khng xp v by cc thuc tr su ln ln vi cc thuc tr bnh, thuc tr c, thuc tr chut, + Khng xp chng hng qu cao trnh v. + Khng xp thuc dng lng trn cao, thuc dng bt kh di. + Trong cch sp xp by bin thuc trong kho, trong ca hng, phi tnh ton th no d dng thc hin c nguyn tc thuc nhp trc th xut trc. Phi hp vi trung tm Y t d phng ca huyn kim tra sc khe nh k cho i ng cng nhn lm vic trong kho.
- Trang b t thuc y t khu vc kho v cc trng thit b s cp cu khn cp
nh: vi cp cu v
bn ra mt, bng bng y t phng trng hp b ha
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cht (cc loi thuc BVTV b v h hng) bn hoc dnh vo ngi v cp cu khn cp khi xy ra s c. - Trang b dng c BHL nh khu trang, mm phng c, gng tay cao su, knh bo h, giy ng bo h lao ng nhn vin s dng khi bc xp thuc BVTV. b. Bin php k thut - Khng khun vt trc tip phn bn, thuc BVTV m bc xp ln xe y tay y vo kho cha. - Phn bn phi c t ln balet v chiu cao khng qu 03m, m bo vng chc khng ng. - Lp t k st trong kho xp xp phn bit ring tng nhm thuc BVTV. mi k phi c bin tn tng nhm thuc ring nhn vin d theo di, sp xp. - Trong kho v ca hng thuc BVTV s trang b bin bo m bo an ton cho nhng nhn vin trc tip lm vic vi thuc BVTV v cho khch hng. V d Khng n ung trong ca hng, Khng ht thuc, Cht c nguy him, Hnh tng mu en trn na nn mu vng hoc da cam v ch in mu trng trn na nn mu en.
Tnh n mn
Hnh tng mu en trn nn mu vng hoc da cam. Tnh d n
Rt d chy
Hnh tng mu en trn na nn mu trng v na nn mu .
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Hnh tng mu en trn nn mu (dng lng).
D chy Hnh tng mu en trn nn mu trng vi nhng k sc (dng rn).
Oxy ha
Hnh tng mu en trn nn mu vng hoc da cam.
- Trang b thm qut thng gi cng nghip trong kho tng cng trao i khng kh vi bn ngoi khi nhn vin vo kho. - Trang b giy ht v ct sn sng trong kho x l thuc BVTV ri vi khi bt cn lm chy, v thuc ra nn kho. 4.2.3.2. Bin php phng trnh s c chy n Kho thuc BVTV phi tuyt i an ton PCCN, nu s c xy ra s gy nh hng nghim trng n mi trng t, nc, khng kh. Do , ch u t c bit ch trng n vn ny ngay t lc u thnh lp bng cch p dng ng b cc bin php v k thut, t chc hun luyn, tuyn truyn gio dc v php ch theo ng hng dn Ngh nh s 35/2003/N-CP ngy 94 thng 4 nm 2003 ca Chnh ph v vic quy nh chi tit thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut phng chy v cha chy. Cc bin php chung p dng bao gm: - Cc hng mc cng trnh trong nh my phi thm duyt PCCC ca Cnh st PCCC trc khi xy dng v phi c nghim thu PCCC ca c quan chc nng trc khi a vo s dng. - Thnh lp i PCCC c s ch ng phi hp vi c quan PCCC khi c s c xy ra.
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- Ti cc khu vc trong nh my u c trang b nhng bnh cha chy cm tay, c kim tra nh k nhm m bo kh nng dp tt nhng m chy xy ra ti tng khu vc. - Phn cng nhn vin trc 24/24 ti kho bo v ti sn v phng trnh chy n. - Trang b 02 my bm cha chy chuyn dng c p lc ln, 01 my chy bng motor in v 01 chy bng ng c du diesel nng cao hiu qu cha chy khi xy ra chy n.
- Do d n nm trn b sng xng Lp V nn
khng xy dng h cha nc d tr cp nc cha chy m s dng nc mt khi cn thit. - Hng ngy u phi vn hnh kim tra h thng PCCC m bo hot ng tt khi c s c xy ra. - Cm hut thuc hoc s dung la trn trong pham vi nha kho cha ha cht v nguyn nhin liu. - Cn co u nhng tinh hung chng chay phu hp va hoat ng tt phong trng hp khn cp; h thng phong chay t ng phai lun sn sang hoat ng. - Lp t h thng thu st, thu tnh in tch t v ci tin h thng theo cc cng ngh mi nhm t an ton cao cho cc hot ng ca d n. - Thit k, xy dng nh xng ph hp vi yu cu phng chy cha chy. Ni dung ch yu ca vic m bo ny c vn dng c th i vi nh xng nh sau: ng ni b trong khu vc ca d n n c tt c cc ni m bo tia nc phun t vi rng ca xe cu ha c th khng ch c bt k la pht sinh v tr no trong cng ty. Sp xp b tr cc my mc thit b trt t, gn v khong cch an ton cho cng nhn lm vic khi c chy n xy ra. H thng dy in, cc ch tip xc, cu dao in c th gy tia la phi c b tr tht an ton. Tng v mi phi c xy dng bng vt liu khng bn la. Cch ly cc cng on d chy xa cc khu vc khc. Gim ti mc thp nht lng cht chy n trong khu vc.
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4.2.3.3.
Bin php phng trnh tai nn giao thng khi vn chuyn thuc BVTV
a .Nguyn tc chung Vic vn chuyn thuc v nguyn liu thuc BVTV phi tun theo nhng quy nh ti Ngh nh 36/N-CP ngy 29/5/1995 v m bo trt t an ton giao thng th, Ngh nh 39/ N-CP ngy 15/7/1996 v m bo trt t an ton giao thng ng st v Ngh nh 46/ N-CP ngy 5/7/1996 v m bo trt t an ton giao thng ng thu ni a ca Chnh ph. Ngh nh 140/2009/ND-CP ngy 01 thng 11 nm 2009 ca Chnh ph quy nh v danh mc hng ha nguy him v vn chuyn hng ha nguy him bng phng tin giao thng c gii. - Nghim cm vic vn chuyn thuc BVTV trn cc phng tin chuyn ch hnh khch, trn cc phng tin chuyn ch vt nui, chuyn ch lng thc, thc phm, cc cht d gy chy hoc n, cc hng ho khc. - Vic vn chuyn thuc BVTV phi theo ng l trnh vn chuyn hng ho khng c dng, ni ng ngi, gn trng hc, bnh vin, ngun nc ung, sng ngi, knh, rch. - Thuc BVTV vn chuyn trn ng phi c nhn v nhn hiu theo ng quy nh ca php lut. - Phi s dng xe chuyn dng vn chuyn thuc BVTV, khng c s dng cc xe chuyn ch thc phm, thc n gia sc, hng ho khc ch thuc BVTV. - Hn ch ti a vic chuyn ch thuc BVTV bng ghe xung trn sng ngi, knh rch (phng tin ng thu). - Khng c ch qu ti phng tin vn chuyn. b. Kim tra hng ho trc khi xp ln phng tin vn chuyn - Khng vn chuyn chuyn ch nhng bao thuc, thng thuc b rch, b r r hoc khng c nhn. - Nhng kin hng phi c ng gi chc chn, bo m khng b v trong qu trnh vn chuyn. c. Kim tra phng tin chuyn ch trc khi xp hng ln - Xe ch thuc BVTV phi c bo dng thng xuyn, trong tnh trng vn hnh tt, bung li cch bit vi khoang ch thuc, thnh xe phi chc chn, mui xe v vi bt che phi tt m bo hng ho khng b nng ri, khng b ma lm t, sn xe phi chc chn v kn, phng trong qu trnh chuyn ch nu thuc b r r, b v s khng ri vi trn ng. Kim tra v x l mi ch c vt
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nhn, sc ni trn sn v thnh xe khi lm cn, rch cc bao b thuc trong qu trnh vn chuyn, xp d. - Trn xe chuyn ch thuc BVTV phi c nhng phng tin phng chy cha chy (bnh bm cha chy), bo h lao ng (qun o, knh, bao tay, ng, khu trang, x bng, thuc nh mt, ) cho li xe v ngi xp d hng. - Phi c sn phng n x l nu c s c xy ra trn ng vn chuyn; li xe, ph xe phi hiu r v thc hin c cc bin php x l n gin, cn thit (v d: Trng hp thuc b chy, b r r, th x l hn ch n mc ti a nh hng ca thuc n con ngi, vt nui, mi trng). d. Xp hng ln xe - Khi xp thuc BVTV ln xe, ch n cc nguyn tc sau: + L hng nng, c bao b vng chc xp di, l hng nh xp trn. + Thuc dng lng xp di, thuc dng bt xp trn. + Loi thuc c c cao xp di, thuc t c xp trn. + Thuc tr c xp di, thuc tr su bnh xp trn. + Khng c xp ln ngc cc chai thuc, cc thng hng. - Khi xp hng phi chn, lt cho chc chn trong khi di chuyn, hng ho khng b x dch, b lc mnh d gy v. e. L trnh vn chuyn - Nn chn con ng tt bng phng, an ton sc, cho d c xa hn cc ng khc mt cht. - Khi ngh dc ng, trnh xe st gn ch, qun n, nh tr, trng hc, bnh vin, ni ng ngi v gn ngun nc ung, sng ngi, knh, rch. f. Bc d hng - Khi bc d thuc xung xe phi cn thn, nh tay, trnh nhng h hng, v, gim thiu nguy c gy nhim thuc cho ngi v mi trng. Kim tra li cc bao b nhn thuc trc khi a vo kho. - a xe ch thuc ra ni xa dn c, xa ngun nc n, sau tin hnh lm v sinh, ra k bng nhiu nc sch v x phng ton b thng xe. Ghi ch: Qui trnh ny cng c p dng tng t i vi vn chuyn phn bn, thuc BVTV bng tu, ghe.
4.2.3.4.
Bin php x l s c v thuc
Khi xy ra s c chay l thuc b h hng lm chy thuc ra nn kho, ch d n s thc hin cc bin php k thut di dy hn ch nhim mi trng . Thc hin ngay cc bin php thuc trn khng lan rng:
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- S tn, ngn ngi, xe c, xc vt khng c lin quan ra xa khu vc s c. - S dng phng tin bo h c nhn thch hp (khu trang phng c, bao tay cao su, mt knh trc khi x l s c). - i vi thuc BVTV dng lng th dng cc cht thm ht (ct, t, mn ca, vi) thm ht kh, sau dng chi quyt ht chng vo bao ni long ct cht cho vo thng cha kn an ton. - i vi thuc dng ht, bt kh th ri ct m ln trc khi qut dn bi thuc khng bay ln, sau dng chi quyt dn ht chng vo bao ni long cho vo thng cha kn an ton, tp chung v kho cha cht thi nguy hi ch x l. - Dng vi thm x phng v sinh sch mi vt bn cn li. Nu ra bng nc phi thu gom nc thi x l. - Cc loi ct, bt ht m, vi lau phi c thu gom b vo thng ng rc nguy hi x l theo ng quy nh. - Phi tm ra rch bng x phng sau khi x l. 4.2.3.5. Bin php phng trnh nhim mi trng khi b l lt Mc d kh nng xy ra l lt lm ngp kho cha l rt hin, tuy nhin gim nhng tc ng ca kho cha thuc khi c l ln xy ra, ch d n s thc hin cc bin php phng trnh sau:
- Nn kho phi c xy cao hn nh l nm 2000 ti x Bnh Thnh, Lp
V t 2,0-2,25m. - Nn kho phi m bo khng b thm nc, xy tng vch xung quanh kho v c quyt lp chng thm nc khi l vt mc nn. - Chun b sn bao ct p tm ti cng trc v sau kho kt hp vi cc bc tng vch xung quanh to thnh b kn nc nn l bn ngoi khng trn vo c. - Mi kho phi c chng no gia c cn thn, ging bao ct trn mi m bo khng b ging lc lm tc mi. - Cht cc loi phn bn v thuc bo v thc vt ln balet khng b ngp c. - Phn cng ngi trc 24/24 canh nc, khng nc trn vo kho. 4.2.3.6. Bin php an ton giao thng thy bn nhp hng phng trnh tai nn giao thng khu vc kho cha cng nh trong qu trnh vn chuyn hng ha Cng ty s thc hin nghim cc bin php di y:
- Thng xuyn nhc nh, yu cu nhn vin iu khin phng tin phi
nghim chnh chp hnh lut giao thng.

73
- Xy dng cc quy nh v chp hnh lut giao thng vo ni dung thi ua
khen thng v quy ch hot ng ca cng ty nhn vin thc hin. - Kim tra cht ch lch iu khin phng tin ca nhn vin iu tit thi gian li ph hp, ng quy nh, m bo an ton. Tuyt i khng giao phng tin cho nhng ngi khng chuyn trch. - Thng xuyn bo tr v nh k bo dng cc phng tin lun hot ng tt. Thc hin ng k, ng kim an ton mi trng v k thut theo ng quy nh. - Neo u s lan, ghe tu trt t, ng quy nh khng ln chin giao thng thy, mt v m quan, d gy tai nn; - Thc hin ng k bn bi vi c quan chc nng c cp php hot ng.
4.2.3.7.
Cc bin php phng chng xi l b k
Cc bin php phng chng xi l bao gm:

- Xy dng b k chng xt l bao quan khu vc d n. - Lp t nhiu n chiu sng v bin bo xung quanh khu vc d n. - B tr v sp xp cc ghe, tu, s lan,neo u ng trt t hn ch n tt
giao thng thy trong khu vc gy va chm nh hng n b k.
74
CHNG 5 CHNG TRNH QUN L V GIM ST MI TRNG 5.1. CHNG TRNH QUN L MI TRNG
5.1.1. Chng trnh qun l mi trng Chng 3 nu ln cc tc ng tch cc, tiu cc ca D n n mi trng v x hi. Chng 4 xut cc bin php hn ch nhng tc ng trong giai on chun b, xy dng v vn hnh ca d n. tng hp, thng k, ln k hoch thc hin cc gii php cn thit bo v mi trng cng nh kim tra gim st hiu qu x l mi trng. Ch d n s phn cng cn b chuyn trch thc hin qun l mi trng v ATVSL trong nh kho, nhim v c th l: - T chc kim tra, gim st vic chp hnh cc quy nh v bo v mi trng, PCCN, ATVSL. - T chc quan trc, thc hin bo co nh k v mi trng vi c quan qun l mi trng. - Kim tra vic s dng trang b bo h lao ng ca cng nhn, thc hin an ton lao ng, phng chng s c mi trng. - Kin ngh, xut thc hin cc gii php BVMT, ATL v PCCN cn thit K hoch gim st mi trng c thc hin theo bng tng hp sau:
75
Bng 28. K hoch qun l mi trng v thi gian thc hin

Stt I Tp kt cng nhn chun b thi cng - An ninh v cc vn x hi - Nc thi v cht thi rn sinh hot - Cht thi t phng tin vn chuyn, (kh thi) - Tai nn lao ng - Tng mt giao thng, tai nn giao thng - Du m thi, cc cht thi xy dng, - S c, ri ro, - Cht thi xy dng (x bn, gch, ct) - Tai nn lao ng, kh nng gy chy n - Ting n, kh thi, bi t cc phng tin thi cng Ngun gy tc ng Cc tc ng n mi trng Bin php gim thiu Giai on thi cng - Gio dc thc chp hnh php lut cho cng nhn - Xy dng nh v sinh tm cho cng nhn s dng - Thu gom, x l rc thi - S dng nhin liu t chun, bo tr, bo dng thit b nh k - Ph bin ni quy ATVSL, trang b dng c BHL, c cn b ph trch - Gio dc thc chp hnh lut an ton giao thng v kin quyt x l vi phm - B tr h thng phun nc ti cng trnh nhm hn ch lng bi pht tn trong qu trnh thi cng xy dng - B tr khu vc tp trung tm thi, thng cha rc sinh hot - Thu gom x bn san lp cc v tr trng thp trong khu d n - B tr thi gian hot ng ca cc thit b n hp l, bo tr thit b hn ch n Ngay khi tp kt cng nhn Thi gian thc hin C quan thc hin C quan gim st
Thu xy dng
Ch u t
Tp kt vt liu xy dng v cc my mc, thit b phc v thi cng n cng trng Xy dng nh kho v cc cng trnh ph,
Ngay khi tp kt vt t
Thu xy dng v nh cung cp vt liu xy dng
Ch u t
Ngay khi thi cng
Thu xy dng
Ch u t
76
Stt
Ngun gy tc ng
Cc tc ng n mi trng
Bin php gim thiu - Ph bin ni quy ATVSL, trang b dng c BHL
Thi gian thc hin
C quan thc hin
C quan gim st
II -
Giai on hot ng Lp t qu cu thng gi trn my kho Lp t h thng x l mi Gim st kh thi B tng nn nh kho, chng m mc, k phn bn ln balet Dn bin cnh bo nguy him, c hi nhn vin c thc phng trnh Trang b dng c bo h: khu trang, gng tay, ng, knh bo h V sinh nn kho thng xuyn Thng rc chuyn dng ng CTNH Hp ng bn ph liu, ti s dng
- Mi hi c trng ca - Xut, nhp kho thuc bo v thc phn bn, vt thuc BVTV - Hi kh thi pht sinh - Qu trnh t nhin t kho cha lu kho - Ting n, bi, kh thi - Vn chuyn t cc phng tin vn bun bn vt chuyn. t nng - Rc thi thng thng nghip - Rc thi nguy hi
Khi khi d n i vo hot ng
Ch d n
C quan qun l mi trng a phng
Sinh hot ca cng nhn
- Nc thi sinh hot - Rc thi sinh hot
- X l nc thi sinh hot bng hm t hoi 3 ngn - Thng ng rc sinh hot h gas lng ct i vi nc ma
Hon thnh trong giai on xy dng
Ch d n
C quan qun l mi trng
Ngun: Cng ty TNHH DV- TV Mai Anh tng hp
77
5.1.2. D tr kinh ph cho cc gii php x l mi trng Thng k cc cng trnh x l mi trng v kinh ph thc hin: Bng 29. D tr kinh ph cc cng trnh bo v mi trng Stt A 1 2 3 4 5 B 5 6 C 7 8 9 1 0 D Qu cu thng gi Qut cng nghip H thng phun nc lm mt my nh H thng x l mi H thng Thng rc (50 lt) Thng rc (180 lt) chuyn dng X l mi hi, kh thi ci ci H thng 24 4 1 1 4.8 4.8 10 75 H thng thot nc thi H thng ng thot nc ma Hm t hot 3 ngn H chc nc thi s c H gas lng ct nc ma X l cht thi rn ci ci 3 3 0.5 1.5 Tn cng trnh n v X l nc thi m m m3 m3 ci 12 10 40 S Thnh tin lng (triu)
Phng chng s c chy n, tai nn lao ng, bnh ngh nghip H thng 1 35
10 H thng PCCC (ng ng, my bm) Dng c BHL (khu trang, giy, qun o, nn bo h ...), bin cnh bo, bin 11 hng dn 12 K chng st l 13 Cy xanh Tng s
B Cy
15 300 10 496.6
78
Ngun: Cng ty TNHH DV-TV Mai Anh tng hp 5.2. CHNG TRNH GIM ST MI TRNG hn ch nhng tc ng ca D n n mi trng xung quanh v nh gi hiu qu ca cc bin php x l nhim, chng trnh gim st cht lng mi trng c xut sau y s c p dng trong sut thi gian hot ng ca D n v c thc hin di s gim st ca UBND huyn Lp V, S Ti nguyn Mi trng tnh ng Thp, bao gm cc ni dung: 5.2.1. Gim st mi trng giai on xy dng - S lng mu khng kh: 01 mu - V tr gim st: mu c ly ngay khu vc d n, (KK)
- Ch tiu gim st: Bi, ting n, SO2, NO2, CO
- Tn sut gim st: 01ln/03 thng xy dng - Quy chun so snh: QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT 5.2.1. Giai on d n hot ng 5.2.1.1. Gim st cht lng khng kh a. V tr 1,2,3: Bn trong kho A, Kho B v kho C (KK1,KK2,KK3)
- Cc ch tiu: Bi tng, NH3, SO2, NOx, Mi, axit sunfuaric, tng F-,
- Tn sut gim st: - Quy chun so snh: ct B - Kinh ph thc hin: Theo quy nh hin hnh b. V tr 4: ngay cng kho (KK2)
02 ln/nm QCVN 19:2009/BTNMT,
- Thit b thu mu v phng php phn tch: Phng php tiu chun
- Cc ch tiu: Bi, NH3, SO2, NOx, Mi, axit sunfuaric, tng F-,
- Tn sut gim st:
02 ln/nm
- Quy chun p dng:QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT v QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT - Thit b thu mu v phng php phn tch: Phng php tiu chun - Kinh ph thc hin: Theo quy nh hin hnh 5.2.1.2. Gim st nc thi
- Cc ch tiu gim st: BOD5, COD, ha cht bo v thc vt gc clo, ha
cht bo v thc vt ln hu c
79
- Tn sut gim st:
02 ln/nm QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT
- Quy chun so snh:
- Thit b thu mu v phng php phn tch: Phng php tiu chun - Kinh ph thc hin: Theo quy nh hin hnh c) Chi ph thc hin Chi ph thc hin gim st mi trng c tnh theo hng dn ti Thng t 83/2002/TT-BTC ngy 25 thng 9 nm 2002 v Thng t 45/2010/TTLT-BTCBTNMT.
80
CHNG 6 THAM VN KIN CNG NG

6.1.
KIN CA Y BAN NHN DN X TN PHC
Thc hin theo ca Thng t 26/2011/TT-BTNMT ngy 18/4/2011 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng, Ch d gi bn Bo co tm tt ni dung TM v cng vn ly kin ca y ban Nhn dn x Bnh Thnh. Nay Ch d n xin tm tt cc kin ca y ban Nhn dn x nh sau: 1. kin v cc tc ng xu ca d n n mi trng t nhin v kinh t x hi: - UBND x Bnh Thnh thng nht vi phng n phn tch v cc tc ng xu ca d n m Ch u t trnh by trong bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng. 2. kin v cc gii php, bin php gim thiu cc tc ng xu ca d n n mi trng t nhin v kinh t - x hi: - Ch d n trnh by cc bin php x l r rng, c tnh kh thi cao hn ch nhim mi trng khi trin khai d n. - Ch u t c bit ch n cng tc phng chng s c tai nn lao ng, phng chng chy n. - Cn ch cc bin php x l nhim mi hi ca thuc bo v thc vt - Phi m bo t l cy xanh to cnh quan mi trng. 3. Kin ngh i vi Ch d n: - V thi gian thi cng: Ch u t phi m bo thi gian ngh tra v v m ca khu dn c, phi c cam kt v thi gian thi cng, thi gian xe ra vo cng trnh. - V bi: pht sinh do vic o t, san i mt bng, vn chuyn v bc d vt liu, ch u t phi c bin php x l trc khi thi ra khng kh. - V ting n, rung: pht ra t hot ng ca cc phng tin thi cng nh my trn b tng, my ng cc, khoan v xe c gii ra vo cng trnh, ch u t phi c phng tin tho d ph hp m bo khng nh hng n khu dn c gn k, c bit l sau 22 gi. Trong qu trnh hot ng Cng ty phi thc hin y cc bin php bo v mi trng nu trong bo co v chp hnh nghim cc quy nh php lut v bo v mi trng.
81
6.2.
KIN CA Y BAN MT TRN T QUC X TN PHC Ch d n ly kin ca UBMTTQVN x Bnh Thnh, kt qu nh sau:
1. kin v cc tc ng xu ca d n n mi trng t nhin v kinh t x hi: UBMTTQ x Bnh Thnh thng nht vi phng n phn tch v cc tc ng xu ca d n m Ch u t trnh by trong bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng. 2. kin v cc gii php, bin php gim thiu cc tc ng xu ca d n n mi trng t nhin v kinh t - x hi: - Ch d n trnh by cc bin php x l r rng, c tnh kh thi cao hn ch nhim mi trng khi trin khai d n. - Ch u t c bit ch n cng tc phng chng s c tai nn lao ng, phng chng chy n. 3. Kin ngh i vi Ch d n:
- Khi thi cng cng trnh phi vn chuyn vt t, x bn, rc m bo v sinh
mi trng ti khu vc. - Cng trnh phi c che chn m bo m quan.

- Cng trnh phi m bo an ton phng chy cha chy v bo h lao ng.
- Khi d n hon tt i vo hot ng, ch u t phi m bo thc hin y v ng cc quy nh nu trong bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng v cc bin php gim thiu ting n, PCCC thng qua s kim tra ca cc c quan chuyn mn v ban ngnh c lin quan. - D n tp trung cng nhn ng nn trong qu trnh hot ng cn thc hin tt cc quy nh ca a phng v tnh hnh trt t x hi. - Ch d n phi thc hin y quyn li ca ngi lao ng v lng, cc loi bo him theo quy nh. 6.3. KIN PHN HI V CAM KT CA CH D N I VI CC XUT, KIN NGH CA UBND V UBMTTQ X BNH THNH
Ch d n trn thnh cm n nhng kin ng gp ca cc c quan chc nng v cam kt thc hin theo ng cc ni dung v kinh doanh, bo v mi trng, PCCC, an ton giao thng v bo v sc kho ca cng trnh by trong bo co TM.
82
PHN: KT LUN V KIN NGH 1. KT LUN Trn c s phn tch cc tc ng tch cc v tiu cc trong giai on xy dng cng nh khi d n hot ng, chng ti rt ra mt s kt lun:
- D n u t ci to, nng cp kho phn bn v thuc BVTV ti x Bnh
Thnh, huyn Lp V, tnh ng Thp l hon ton ph hp vi quy hoch ca a phng, c s h tng ti khu vc d n hon chnh, rt thun li v giao thng ng b, ng thy. - Khi d n vo hot ng s m bo ngun cung cp phn bn v thuc BVTV cho sn xut nng nghip ca a phng. Tuy nhin, khi d n hot ng s gy ra nhng tc ng nht nh n cht lng mi trng xung quanh, c th sau: - Trong giai on xy dng s pht sinh bi, n, tuy nhin mc tc ng thp do qu trnh thi cng ch din ra trong thi gian ngn, vo ban ngy. - Nu d n hot ng m khng thc hin tt cc bin php bo v mi trng th s gy ra nhng nh hng nht nh n ngi dn nh mi hi c trng v hi kh c pht ra t kho thuc. Nhng mc tc ng khng nhiu do hon ton c th ch ng x l cc tc nhn nhim sinh ra t kho cha. 2. KIN NGH Trn c s phn tch nhng mt tch cc v nhng hn ch ca d n, cng nh nhng tc ng n mi trng v bin php x l, Ch u t kin ngh cc ban ngnh a phng h tr thng qua d n sm a vo hot ng v cng rt mong c cc ngnh chuyn mn to iu kin thun li v hng dn Ch d n thc hin ng cc quy nh ca pht lut. 3. CAM KT
- Ch u t cam kt s u t kinh ph thc hin nghim chnh cc phng
n gim thiu nhim v hn ch cc tc ng c hi ra trong bo co nhm t cc tiu chun mi trng Vit Nam. - Trin khai thc hin hon chnh cc bin php bo v mi trng, phng trnh s c trc khi hot ng, nng cc cht thi sau khi x l phi m bo tiu chun cho php trc khi cho thi vo ngun tip nhn, c th nh sau:
83
Nng cc cht nhim trong khng kh t tiu chun mi trng t QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT, QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT. n t QCVN 26:2010/BNTMT. Nc thi sinh hot t QCVN 14/2008/BNTMT. Nc thi cng nghip t QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT Qun l ni vi theo quyt nh s 3733/2002/Q-BYT ca B y t ngy 10/10/2002 v vic ban hnh 21 tiu chun v sinh lao ng, 05 nguyn tc v 07 thng s v sinh lao ng. Qui trnh lu tr, qun l v vn chuyn cht thi nguy hi theo thng t s 12/2011/TT-BTNMT. - m bo t l din tch t cho cy xanh, cng trnh dch v, giao thng v cc u mi k thut; - Cam kt khng bun bn nhng mt hng thuc BVTV theo danh mc cm ca B nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn. Thc hin ng cc quy nh v kinh doanh bun bn vt t nng nghip. - Sau khi d n xy dng hon thnh cc cng trnh x l cht thi s bo co cho S Ti nguyn v Mi trng tnh ng Thp o c, phn tch cc ch tiu nhim mi trng, Ch u t cam kt khi xy dng hon chnh h thng x l kh thi, mi hi mi a d n vo hot ng; - Thc hin chng trnh gim st mi trng nh k theo chng trnh gim st xut (Chng 5); - Ch u t cam kt xy dng y c s h tng nh h thng cp in, cp nc, thot nc ma, thot nc thi (tch ring), cc trang thit b cho cng vic thu gom v vn chuyn cht thi rn khi i vo hot ng. Ch u t cam kt chu trch nhim trc php lut Vit Nam nu vi phm cc cng c quc t, cc tiu chun Vit Nam v xy ra s c gy nhim mi trng. Ngy thng nm 2011 CNG TY TNHH HU THNH I GIM C
84
PHN PH LC
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Din tch (m2) 379 1.169 540 1.456 100 3.644

% Din tch 10,40 32,08 14,82 39,96 2,74 100

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- Khi thi - Tai nn giao thng - Hng v h hng

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Hin trng mi trng khu vc d n

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Phng php phn tch

Kt qu phn tch 4,45 KPH KPH 30,35 KPH

QCVN 05:2009/BTMT, trung bnh 1 gi 200 30000 200 300 50

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