Presentation made by Raef Ali kobeissi

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Using the hydraulic calculation method for a 1 side
branched tree system was previously explained .
-We used to add the pressure losses in sprinklers1-2-3-4
-We added them to the losses in the pipes1-2,2-3,3-4,4-5
-We found the New K Factor at node 6 that declared the
2
nd
branch as a 1 big sprinkler.
-we calculated the flow rate in the 2
nd
branch using the
Formula : Q=Ktot .
6
P
-in 1 side branched system we used to start with the furthest
sprinkler 1 by calculating the flow rate which is equal to the
density x area of coverage .
-and then we calculated the pressure on the mentioned
sprinkler using:
-Then we have calculated the pressure loss in the pipe using
Hazen-williamequation at the convenient C value , usually
120.
2
2
Q
P
K
=
-The pressure losses which must be covered by the
pump are the losses that occur on the longest run
of the whole system and the flow rate covered is the
sum of flow rate of all sprinklers .
-The Hazen William Equation is equal to :
10 1.85
4.87
1
1.1101.10 .( ) .
q
p
c D
=
The Problem may arise when the system is double
branched and the 2 branches do not have the same
number of sprinklers.
-At the furthest run the 2 branches must together be balanced
-Considering this system being: ordinary hazard 1 with
Area of operation equal to 1500 ft2.
-Density of Hydraulic most demand sprinkler is 0.15gpm/ft2
-Area of coverage of sprinkler = 130 ft2.
-Sprinkler K factor = 5.6.
Node-Pipe
Pipe length
For pipe
losses
Flow on
node/in pipe
Pressure on
node/loss in
pipe
Notes
1*
Sprinkler
calculation
Q=0.15x130
=19.5GPM
12.1psi
1-2
Pipe
calculation
Lpipe=13ft
19.5gpm
1.6
P2=1.6+
12.1=
13.7 psi
hazen
willam
Diameter
of pipe is
given
2
( )
Q
P
K
=
Node-Pipe
Pipe length
For pipe
losses
Flow on node/in
pipe
Pressure on
node/loss in
pipe
Notes
2*
Sprinkler
calculation
Q=K2.
20.7gpm
13.7psi
P1+
Ploss(1-2)
2-3
Pipe
calculation
Lpipe=13ft
20.7+19.5=40.2gp
m
Q1+Q2
1.6psi
P3=
13.7+1.6
=15.3psi
hazen
willam
Diameter
of pipe is
given
2
P
Node-Pipe
Pipe length
For pipe
losses
Flow on node/in
pipe
Pressure on
node/loss in
pipe
Notes
3*
Sprinkler
calculation
Q=K3.
=21.9GPM
15.3psi
P2+
Ploss(2-3)
3-4
Pipe
calculation
Lpipe=13ft
40.2+21.9=
62.1gpm
Q1+Q2+Q3
1.7psi
P4=
15.3+1.7
=17psi
hazen
willam
Diameter
of pipe is
given
3
P
Node-Pipe
Pipe length
For pipe
losses
Flow on node/in
pipe
Pressure on
node/loss in
pipe
Notes
4*
Sprinkler
calculation
Q=K4.
=23.1GPM
17psi
P3+
Ploss(3-4)
4-5
Pipe
calculation
Lpipe=13ft
62.1+23.1=
85.2gpm
Q1+Q2+Q3+Q4
9 psi
P5= 17+9
=26psi
hazen
willam
Diameter
of pipe is
given
4
P
-The final pressure at nipple 5 =26 psi and the flow rate
Going to branch 4-3-2-1 is equal to 85.2 gpm
-Now we have to identify how much flow rate shall go
to branch 6-7.
-We start hydraulic calculation with 6-7
As if this branch is the longest branch.
-We start with sprinkler 7 as if it is the hydraulic most
demand sprinkler, so k=5.6 , q=19.5 gpm
Node-Pipe
Pipe length
For pipe
losses
Flow on
node/in pipe
Pressure on
node/loss in
pipe
Notes
7*
Sprinkler
calculation
Q=0.15x130
=19.5GPM
12.1psi
6-7
Pipe
calculation
Lpipe=13ft
19.5gpm
1.6
P6=1.6+
12.1=
13.7 psi
hazen
willam
Diameter
of pipe is
given
2
( )
Q
P
K
=
Node-Pipe
Pipe length
For pipe
losses
Flow on
node/in pipe
Pressure on
node/loss in
pipe
Notes
6*
Sprinkler
calculation
Q=K6.
20.7gpm
13.7psi
P7+
Ploss(6-7)
6-5
Pipe
calculation
Lpipe=13ft
20.7+19.5=40.2g
pm
Q7+Q6
1.6psi
P5=
13.7+1.6
=15.3psi
hazen
willam
Diameter
of pipe is
given
6
P
-According to Branch 6-7 Pressure at nipple 5
Is equal to =15.3 psi and flow rate to 6-7 = 40.2gpm
-We find now the new K factor for the whole branch 6-7
Is not the real pressure at nipple 5 , the real pressure is
already calculated = 26 psi from branch 1-2-3-4-5
Ktot is equal to 10.2
5
Q
Ktot
P
=

5 P
-Now we have to balance the system by finding the real
Flow rate that is going to branch 6-7
Q6-7 = Ktot.
Caution: the pressure P5 in the equation above is
equal to 26 psi which belong to the real pressure
At nipple 5 calculated from the longest branch
1-2-3-4-5
5 P
-Q6-7 = 10.2. = 52 Gpm
-Total Q at pipe 8-5 = 52 +85.2=137Gpm.
-Total pressure at 5 =26 psi.
26
We continue backward by calculating the flow rate at
every branch , because of the smiliratiy in branch12-11-10-9-8
And branch 8,13,14,15,16 , the balance is already achieved
A new Problem may arise when the most remote
Sprinkler is not at the last branch of the tree system
-How then we can calculate the demanded flow rate and
The pressure ?
-As we see above sprinkler 1 will cost the pump
the maximum pressure
-we can use the hydraulic calulation to calculate the
Pressure at nipple5 and the flow rate sent to branch:
1-2-3-4-5 But the pressure at node 6 is unknown ,hence
The flow rate at node 6 is unknowas well ????
-The solution for this problem is to create 2 equations with
2 unknowns
-We know that P6 = P5- .
-We know that Q6 = . Equation 1
5 6
p

6
. 6
tot
K P
-Ktot 6 can be always calculated by assuming the 2
Branched 7-8 and 9-10 as the furthest branches.
10 1.85
6
5 6
4.87
5 6
1
1.1101.10 .( ) .
q
p
c D

= Equation2
10 1.85
6
5 6
4.87
5 6
1
1.1101.10 .( ) .
q
p
c D

= Equation2
6
. 6
tot
K P
Equation 1 Q6=
-Ktot is known , D5-6 is known , C is known &P5 is known
-P6 and Q6 are unknon
-We replace Equation 2 in equation 1 :
2 2
6 6
. Q K P =
6 5 5 6
P p p

=
2 2 10 1.85
6
6 6 5 5 6
4.87
1
. 1.1101.10 .( ) . .
Pipe
Q
Q K P L
C D

(
(
| |
=
( | (
\ .


-We replace Equation 2 in equation 1 :
2 2
6 6
. Q K P =
6 5 5 6
P p p

=
( )
2 1.85
6 6
1 2. Q Cst Cst Q
(

=