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PHN I : LP LUN KINH T

I.Tinh hinh san xut va tiu thu bia Vit Nam


Vit Nam l mt nc ng Nam , vng kh hu nhit i m, bia l th ng c
cn nh, c gia tr dinh dng v cht lng cm quan cao c tc dng gii kht nn bia
rt c a chung Vit Nam.
Vi mc tiu th 2,7 t lt bia trong nm 2010 (khong 24 lt trn/u ngi/nm, bng
1/10 so vi chu u), Vit Nam tr thnh nc th ba c sn lng tiu th bia cao
nht chu , sau Nht v Trung Quc. Lng bia tiu thu hang nm vn tng 15%.
Sc hp dn ca th trng bia Vit Nam thu ht hng trm nh sn xut bia vi quy
m ln nh, hnh thc a phng, tng cng ty, lin doanh, nc ngoi...
Theo thng k ca cc cng ty nghin cu th trng, Vit Nam c khong 350 c s sn
xut bia c tr s hu khp cc tnh thnh trn c nc v tip tc tng mnh v s
lng. Trong s ny, c hn 20 nh my t cng sut trn 20 triu lt/nm, 15 nh my c
cng sut ln hn 15 triu lt/nm, v c ti 268 c s c nng lc sn xut di 1 triu
lt/nm.
D 350 c s sn xut bia cho th trng 87 triu dn l con s khng nh, nhng cc
doanh nghip vn tip tc u t, m rng h thng sn xut ca mnh.
Trong khi cc nh my lin tc u t m rng sn xut th bia nhp khu cng b vo
th trng. Theo Chi cc Hi quan ca khu cng Si Gn khu vc I, lng bia nhp khu
nm 2010 tng ti 50% so vi nm 2009, ln n 1,66 triu sn phm (tnh chung vi mt
hng ru) c a ra th trng.
Cc loi bia nh Corona, Budweiser, Bit Burger, Leffe Brown, Hoegaarden White, MOA,
Cooper, Bavaria... xut x Mexico, c, B, H Lan... d c gi cao gp 2-3 ln so vi bia
sn xut trong nc nhng vn c a chung ti cc nh hng, khch sn.
Tuy s lng bia nhp khu chim t trng thp nhng theo nh gi ca nhiu chuyn gia
cng s l i th ng gm cho cc nh sn xut trong tng lai.

II.Chon ia im va nng sut xy dng nha may


Cc nguyn tc la chn a im xy dng nh my:
+ Gn ni ng dn c c ngun nhn lc di do, tiu th sn phm thun li.
+ Thun li v giao thng vn chuyn nguyn liu, vt liu v sn phm.
+ Gn ngun cung cp nc, c h thng thot nc hp l khng nh hng
n mi trng, n sc khe ca ngi dn trong vng.
+ Gn vng nguyn liu v nhin liu.
+ a hnh bng phng, i cht n nh, khng c chn ng.
+ din tch b tr thit b v khu vc trong nh my, sn xut, giao thng ni b
thun tin, c t d tr cho m rng sn xut.
T cc nguyn tc trn, em la chn a im xy dng nh my nm trong khu cng
nghip khu cng nghip Sng Cng II, Tx Sng Cng, Thai Nguyn. a im ny p
ng c cc nhu cu trn phng din sau:
II.1.u ra
Do vi tri ia ly thun li, Thai Nguyn tr thanh trung tm kinh t xa hi cua ca vung trung
du va min nui phia bc. Trong nhng nm gn y kinh t ca nc noi chung va tinh Thai
Nguyn noi ring tng trng nhanh. Dn s cua tinh khoang 1,3 triu ngi nn nhu cu
ung bia trong tinh cung vi th ma la kha ln tuy vy trong tinh chi co mt nha may san
xut bia Vibaco vi nng sut khoang 5 triu lit/nm. Vi mc tiu thu bia cua ngi Vit
Nam hin nay khoang 26 lit/ngi/nm thi lng tiu thu mt nm cua tinh trn 25 triu lit.
Chinh vi vy em la chon xy dng mt nha may bia vi nng sut la 20 triu lit / nm.
Nhin chung phn khuc cua thi trng tai y la cac loai bia ph thng . Vi thoi quen cua
ngi min bc a thich ung bia hi vi co gia thanh hp ly va hng vi c trng ring.

Nn em chon ty l cac loai bia trong san xut la bia chai / bia hi bng 50% / 50% va ty l
nguyn liu thay th la 30%.
Sn phm bia sn xut ra phi m bo t c cc tiu chun sau:
* Cc ch tiu cm quan:
- bt: Khi rt bia ra cc, bia phi c bt trng mn, t y cc lun c cc bt
kh li ti ni dn ln b mt. Chiu cao lp bt > 2cm, thi gian gi bt 5 15 pht.
- Mi v v: Bia phi c ng c trng v hng thm du nh ca hoa
houblon, khng qu nht, khng c mi v l.
- Mu sc v trong: Bia phi c mu vng rm sng ng nh, trong sut,
khng c c cn hay vn c.
* Cc ch tiu ho hc :
- cn: 4,5 0,2
- Hm lng ng st: 1 2%
- Hm lng CO2: 4,5 5 g/l
- Hm lng diacetyl: 0,2 mg/l
- Aldehyt: 10 15 mg/l

II.2.Giao thng
Khu cng nghip Sng Cng II nm sat ng cao tc Ha Ni Thai Nguyn, Quc l 3,
cach trung tm Ha Ni 75km, cach cang Hai Phong 200km nn rt thun li cho vic vn
chuyn nguyn liu, nhin liu cung nh phn phi va tiu thu san phm. Vi vy vic tiu
thu bia khng chi trong goi gon trong tai ch ma con co th m rng n cac khu vc ln
cn.

II.3.Ngun cung cp nguyn liu

Ngun nguyn liu chinh la malt vang c nhp t cac nc Phap, Uc, Trung Quc thng
qua cac cng ty nhp khu malt. Hoa houblon c nhp thng n thng nha may qua
cang bin di dang ch phm thng mai : hoa vin, hoa cao thng t cac nc nh
Tip hoc c. Nguyn liu thay th c thu mua t cac tinh ln cn.

II.4.Ngun cung cp nhit, in, lanh


Nha may s dung mang li in quc gia thng qua ng dy phn phi cua khu cng
nghip. Nh my c b phn trng chy, n, bnh cu ho, ca thot him, my pht in
cng sut va (theo phn tnh in) phc v cho nh my khng b gin on sn
xut.
Nhit s dng trong nh my pht i t l hi chy bng nguyn liu than, phi thng
xuyn km tra, bo dng thit b, sa cha v thay th ph tng ngay khi cn thit.
I..5. Ngun cp thot nc.
Nh my s dng nc c mua t nha may nc Tich Lng. Nc thi sau khi s
dng cho cng on v sinh thit b, ra chai, ra phn xung, dng c thao tcc
a qua b phn s l nc thi trc khi thi ra ngoi sng, cng rnh. Nc ngng c
em s l v dng cho ni hi.

PHN II : CHON VA THUYT MINH DY CHUYN

I.Nguyn liu
I.1.Malt
Nh my s dng ba loi malt: malt Php, malt c va malt Trung Quc
Tiu chun ca Malt :
Ch tiu cm quan:
V mu sc: mu vng sng
Mi: thm t nhin, c trng ca Malt
V: ngt du nh
Tp cht: 0,5% ht gy, v ( sch) 1% tp cht khc
Malt khng mc, mi mt.
Ch tiu vt l:
Khi lng tuyt i: L lng ca 1000 ht (khong > 36g/1000 ht)

Hnh thi vt ct ca Malt c trng c hoc trng trong ca phn ni nh. i


vi Malt vng s ht trng c 94%.

Ch tiu ha hc:

m 6.5%

ha tan 73.5%

Hm lng tinh bt 65%

Saccaroza = 5% cht kh
ng kh = 4% cht kh
Xenlulo = 6% cht kh

Thi gian ng ha: 10-12 pht 70oC

Nng lc ng ho > 285 DC

I.2.Nguyn liu thay th

Hin nh my s dng hai loi nguyn liu thay th l go v ng. Ty tng loi bia
m s dng t l nguyn liu thay th khc nhau.
Go
Tiu chun ca go
Hm lng cht ha tan tng i 79%.
m 15%.
T l tm to: t gy ht n khng lt sng c 1.25mm 40%.
T l tm nh lt qua sng c 1.25mm 0.3%.
Go khng mc, khng vn cc, khng c mi mt.
ng
ng s dng trong nh my l ng Saccaroza
Tiu chun ca ng:
m 0.3%.
Cm quan: ng trng, khng t.
Bao b: nguyn vn, khi lng tnh 50 0.5kg.
I.3.Hoa houblon
Nh my s dng ba loi hoa l hoa vin, cao hoa v hoa thm
Tiu chun ca hoa
Bao b nguyn vn
Hm lng - axit ng:
-

Hoa cao: 50%.

Hoa vin : 3-5%.

I.4.Nc
Nc l mt trong cc nguyn liu quan trng trong cng ngh sn xut bia. Thnh
phn ho hc v cht lng ca nc nh hng trc tip n ton b k thut sn xut v
nh hng rt ln ti cht lng bia thnh phm. Hin nh my vn ang s dng ngun
nc c khai thc t 4 ging nc trong nh my, qua cc qu trnh x l m bo cc
ch tiu sau.
Tn ch tiu

n v

Nc

Mu

Khng mu

Mi

Khng mi

trong

EBC

pH

< 0.5
6.5 7.5

Kim tng

ppm CaCO3

20 - 80

cng chung

0GH

3 8

Ca2+

ppm

10 50

Mg2+

ppm

< 20

Fe

ppm

0.05

Mn

ppm

0.05

Cl+

ppm

Cl2

ppm

Vi sinh vt
-

Tng s vi khun hiu kh

Coliform

s khun
lc/ml

1000

s vi

50

khun/ml
-

Tng s t bo t nm men
nm mc

s khm
nm/ml

100

E. Coli

s vi
khun/ml

S.aureua, Strep.faecal. Cl.


Perfrinden

s khun
lc/ml

I.5.Nm men
Nha may s dung chung nm men: Saccharomyces carlbergensis
L nm men chm thch nghi vi iu kin sinh trng v pht trin nhit thp hn.
Chng phn b ch yu tng su ca dch ng trong thit b ln men. Trong qu trnh
ln men chng c thin hng chm su v kt lng xung y thng. Khi qu trnh ln
men chnh kt thc th phn ln lng sinh khi b kt lng. nhit 0oC, nm men
chm vn c kh nng ln men, trong khi ch cn nhit thp hn 10oC mt cht, loi
nm men ni tr thnh v hot.

II.La chon dy chuyn san xut


II.1.Nghin malt

* Mc ch:
Mc ch ca nghin malt l p nh ht thnh nhiu mnh tng b mt tip xc
vi nc, lm cho s xm nhp ca nc vo cc thnh phn cht ca ni nh nhanh hn,
thc y qu trnh ng ha v cc qu trnh thy phn khc nhanh v trit hn. Gi
c lp vo tru lam lp loc cho cng oan sau.
*Phng php nghin malt: Nghin kh, nghin m, v nghin t.
+ Nghin kh: Malt t yu cu sau khi cn c a my nghin v nghin trong
trng thi kh.
- u im: C th nghin mn c khi hn.
Ko di thi gian s dng (Nghin trc khi nu lu c).
Thit b n gin, d vn hnh.
- Nhc im: Khng bo ton v tru c, khi nghin c nhiu bi bay ra ngoi
nhiu. nh hng n qu trnh lc v cht lng ca bia.
+ Nghin t: Malt c nghin vi nc theo t l phi trn nht nh
- u im: Nghin t lm vo tru c bao toan nn rng ca khi b tng nn
lm rt ngn c thi gian lc b khong 10-20% .
- Nhc im: i hi k thut tt, nguyn tc nghin phc tp, hoat lc enzim va
hoat lc sinh hoc khng c kim soat trong thung ngm.
Chi ph u t thit b ln,nghin khng tt nhng loi malt cha nhuyn.
Trong phng phap nghin t co hai phng phap la nghin t khng ngm va
nghin t co ngm.
+ Nghin m: Malt t yu cu c phun m bng nc m trc khi i vo my
nghin. Phun m bng nc m trong 5- 10 pht v tru c lm m khong
20%. Mc ch ca vic phun m: lm cho v m bo ton trng thi sau nghin,
lm trng n cc ht si keo ca ni nh.Phng php nghin m khc phc c
nhc im ca hai phng php trn: v tru c bo ton, nghin c malt c
nhuyn thp,t bi,chi ph my mc khng ln. C th p dng cho mi phn

xng t nh ti ln, t th cng ti t ng.


So snh 3 phng php trn, em chn ch nghin malt theo phng php nghin m vi
se tao thun li cho qua trinh loc bng thung loc ay bng ma nha may se s dung va tng
cht lng bia.
II.2.ng hoa
*Mc ch:
ng ha l qu trnh chuyn ti a nhng cht khng ha tan d tr trong malt,
thng qua h enzym c sn trong ht malt bng con ng thy phn.
Thc hin qu trnh ng ho nhm to cc iu kin thun li cho h enzym c
sn trong malt nh amylaza, proteaza, amilophosphataza... xc tc qu trnh thu phn cc
hp cht cao phn t nh protein, tinh bt, cc hp cht cha phospho... thnh cc hp
cht thp phn t: tinh bt dextrin, ng; protein peptit, axit amin... y l cht
chit ca dch ng sau ny.
*Phng php ng hoa
+Phng phap ngm chit:
-

c im: ton b khi cho malt c ng ha cng mt lc, t im u n im


cui nhit 750C, khng c giai on un si.

u im:
Ch cng ngh n gin, d c gii ha v t ng ha.
Chi ph vn u t thit b t.
Thi gian thc hin qu trnh ngn.

Nhc im:
Qua trinh ng hoa cha trit .

+Phng phap un si tng phn:


-

c im: tng phn nh ring r ca khi cho c ng ha v un chn mt cch


c th t, sau mi ha chung vi khi cho chnh. Phng php s dng rng
ri vi vic sn xut bia theo phng php ln men chm.

Cn c vo cc cng on c phn ra m c cc phng n ng ha tng ng:


un si mt ln, hai ln va ba ln.
-

u im:

Hiu sut ng ha cao.

Nhc im:

Vn u t thit b ln.
Thi gian ng ha mt m ko di v nng lng tiu hao ln.

So sanh hai phng phap em chon phng phap ngm chit cho cng oan ng hoa cua
nha may.
II.Loc
* Mc ch.
Muc ich cua qua trinh loc la tach dich ng hay dich hem vi vo va nhng phn ni nhu
khng tan. Ngoai ra ngi ta mong mun loai bo cac cht khng mong mun nh kim loai
nng, tanin, lipit
* Cc phng php tin hnh lc dch ng: Co 3 phng phap thng c s
dung.
+Phng phap s dung may loc ep kiu khung ban:
-

u im :
Thi gian loc nhanh.
Hiu sut thu hi cht hoa tan cao.
Dich ng trong hn.
Lng nc ra ba it, chim din tich nho.

Nng sut n inh khng phu thuc vao nhuyn cua malt.

- Nhc im :
Dung nhiu lao ng thu cng cho thao, lp may, thao ba, ra va v sinh thit bi.
D bi oxy hoa khi thao dich loc.
Lng dich ng phai u ln, phu thuc vao mc nghin cang min cng tt.
+Phng phap s dung thung loc ay bng:

- u im:
Co kha nng t ng hoa cao.
Dung tich lam vic ln.
Dich loc khng bi oxy hoa bi khng khi.
Phu hp vi moi nha may.

- Nhc im:
Thi gian loc keo dai.
Tn nhiu din tich.
+Phng phap s dung may loc khung ban th h mi

- u im:
Thi gian loc nhanh, hiu sut s dung cao.
Dich loc trong.

Lng oxy thm nhp thp.

Co th s dung may nghin bua d nghin malt.


D vn hanh.

- Nhc im:
Nng sut ln nn kho s dung cho cac nha may nho.
Chi phi u t cao.
Xem xet cac u nhc im cua cac phng phap trn thi nha may se s dung phng
phap thung loc ay bng la phu hp nht.

II.Ln men
* Mc ch:
Chuyn ho cc cht ho tan trong dch ln men thnh ru etylic, CO2 v mt s sn phm
ph khc ru bc cao, glyceril, acid hu c, ester, aldehyd, diacetyl, nh s pht trin
ca nm men.
Trong giai on ny, qu trnh quan trng nht l qu trnh chuyn ho ng thnh
ru. Tuy nhin y li khng phi l sn phm quyt nh cht lng ca bia m li l
nhng sn phm c hm lng t nhng mang nhng tnh cht rt c trng nh cc cht
to mu, mi, v, bn... cho bia. Cht lng ca bia ph thuc rt nhiu vo hm lng
ca cc cht ny v t l gia chng. V vy mc ch bn cht ca qu trnh ln men l
iu khin hot ng sng ca nm men theo hng c li cho vic hnh thnh mt sn
phm bia nh mong mun.
* Cc phng php ln men:
+ Ln men theo phng php c in :
c im chnh l hai qu trnh ln men chnh v ln men ph c tin hnh
trong cc thit b ring bit.
u im : Nhit ln men thp 6 9C nn thi gian ln men ko di, sn phm
thu c c hng v m .
Nhc im : Tn din tch mt bng, tn thit b, thi gian ln men di, nng sut
gim, h thng lm lnh ln, do vy tn chi ph u t. Vic vn chuyn dch t khu ln
men chnh sang khu ln men ph gy tn tht.
+ Ln men gia tc (ln men hin i) :

Vi phng php ny qu trnh ln men chnh v qu trnh ln men ph tin hnh


trong cng mt thit b hnh tr, y cn. C h thng o lnh bn ngoi iu chnh
nhit ca hai qu trnh ln men. Nhit ln men chnh 9 14C, ln men ph 0
2C.
u im : Thi gian ln men chnh nhanh, rt ngn hn so vi phng php ln
men c in. Thit b ln men gn, khng tn din tch mt bng phn xng. C th ch
ng iu chnh thi gian ln men. An toan v sinh tt.
Nhc im : Thi gian ln men nhanh lm cht lng bia c gim, tuy nhin
khng khc nhiu so vi ln men c in.
So sanh hai phng phap trn em chon ln men bia bng phng phap ln men gia tc.
II.Loc trong bia
* Mc ch:
Qu trnh ny nhm tch cn l lng, tch cc t bo nm men sng v cc t bo
trong bia tng gi tr cm quan, n nh thnh phn c hc, lm tng bn sinh hc
v bn ca bia. Dch sau khi lc trong sut c mu vng sng. Nhit lc bia khong
0 2oC.
* Cc phng php loc trong bia:
+Phng phap khng s dung bt tr loc:

u im : chi ph lc thp, thit b n gin.

Nhc im : nhanh b bt, ch dng lc hon thin

+Phng phap s dung bt tr loc:

u im : lc trit , hiu qu cao

Nhc im : chi ph lc cao hn, thit b cu to phc tp

* Cc thit bi loc trong bia co s dung bt tr loc :


+May loc khung ban:

- u im :
B mt loc ln.

Dich trong hn.


Loc c cac cn bn.
Khng cn ngi co chuyn mn cao.

- Nhc im :
Cn nhiu thi gian v sinh.
Phai thay th tm theo chu ky.
Gia thanh tm cao.
Dich chay nhiu, phn b khng u.
Phai thao khung ban khi cn giam ap sut.
+May loc ia:

- u im:
Bia loc bng thit bi nay co th at ti trong tinh th.

- Nhc im :

Chu trinh loc ngn, v sinh kho khn, lun phai b sung vt liu loc.

Thit bi cu tao phc tap.


+May loc nn:

- u im:
B mt loc tng dn do s bi p lin tuc bt tr loc.
Cac b phn loc khng di chuyn.
Ban mt loc khng phai thay th inh ky.
D dang t ng hoa.

Go
Malt
Hoa
houblon

Giam ham lng oxy thm nhp.


Men ging
Nghin D dang lp t.
Malt lt
bua

- Nhc im:

Nghin
m

Suc
khi

HR
t nhay cam vi s tng ap
sung
t ho
t ngt.
ho
Chu trinh loc ngn.

CO2 thu hi
Lc

Khng th tng tng sut bng cach tng b phn loc.


Tiu thu lng nc ra lNn. u vi hoa
Houblon

X ly

Kho khn trong vic ra va bao dng thit bi.


Vic thao d phc tap.

Lng xoy

cn

Qua so sanh em chon s dung thit bi loc khung ban co s dung bt tr loc diatomit lam
Lm lnh nhanh
trong bia.
Nhn ging

III.S dy chuyn cng ngh


Men sa
Ra bock
Thu hi

Hot ho

Ln men chnh

Ln men ph

Lc trong

IV.Thuyt minh quy trinh cng ngh.


IV.1.Nghin.

Bo ha CO2

CO2 tinh
khit

Chai

IV.1.1.Nghi
n malt.
Bock
Chit chai,
dp np

*Nguyn tc nghin:

Ra, kh
trng

Chi
t bock
Bo m yu
cu
thu nhn c nhiu cht ha tan nht nhng th tch bt nghin
v vo malt cng t gi tr cao nht trong iu kin c th t c. V malt phi cng ln
Thanh trng

Dn nhn
Ra bock

Xut xng

cng tt bi l trong v malt c cha nhiu tanin nn nu nghin qu nh , tanin s d ha


tan gy nh hng ti cht lng bia. Ngoi ra, v nh kh lc s d gy tc ng ng.
* Cch tin hnh :
Malt t xilo cha sau khi c cn c chuyn vao phu cha malt. Malt c lam
m bng nc 60oC trong 60 giy trong thit bi iu chinh m kiu xoay, co vach ngn.
Trong qua trinh phun m, ham lng nc trong malt tng ln 18 22%. Nc phun vao
malt c thu hi tai s dung. Malt sau khi c phun m c cp truc nghin nho.
Ngay sau khi nghin bt malt c chuyn vao ni ng hoa.
IV.1.Nghin gao.
* Nguyn tc nghin:
Go l nguyn liu c cu trc rt cng v kh b phn hu to cht chit cho
dch ng, do vy phi nghin go tht nh ph v cu trc ca tinh bt to iu kin
cho s ht nc, trng n ht tinh bt to iu kin cho enzyme tip xc vi ht tinh
bt, thu phn tinh bt thnh cht chit ca dch ng. Do y ta s dung phng
php nghin kh bng my nghin ba.
* Cch tin hnh :
Gao t xilo cha sau khi cn c chuyn vao phu cha gao. Gao c chay
xung may nghin. Ry trong may nghin bua co kich thc 0,5 mm. Bt gao lot qua ry
la at yu cu. Sau o c chuyn sang ni h hoa.

IV.2.H hoa.
*Mc ch:
Chuyn tinh bt cua nguyn liu thay th la gao t dang khng tan thanh dang hoa tan. Tao
cac phan ng thuy phn tinh bt, protein...trong gao.
* Cch tin hnh :
Ty l bt gao / nc la 1/5.

Trc khi nhp liu bt gao, cho mt phn nc va lng malt lot ( bng 5% lng gao
), enzim Termamyl ( bng 0,1% lng gao ). Bt gao c phi trn vi nc 45oC trong
thit bi phi trn ri c chuyn xung ni h hoa. iu chinh pH cua dich xung 5,6
5,8 bng axit latic. Nng nhit ln 52oC cac enzym proteaza trong malt thuy phn
cac protein trong gao va gi nhit nay trong 10 phut. Sau o nng ln nhit ln 72oC
nhm enzym -amilaza trong malt hot ng phn ct cc hp cht cao phn t trong
go thnh cc hp cht thp phn t d ha tan vo nc. Gi nhit nay trong 30 phut.
Tip tuc nng nhit ln 86oC y la nhit ti thich h hoa tinh bt, gi nhit nay
trong 30 phut. Sau o tng nhit ln 100oC va gi nhit nay trong 60 phut.
IV.3.ng hoa.
* Cch tin hnh :
Ty l bt malt / nc la 1/4.
Bt malt c phi trn vi nc 40oC qua thit bi phi trn phia trn ni ri c
chuyn xung ni ng hoa. Gi nhit nay 15 phut bt malt hoa tan tt vao nc.
iu chnh pH ca dch ng trong khong 5,5 5,6 bng axit lactic, ngoi ra b sung
CaCl2 bo ton hot lc ca cc enzyme.
Sau o chuyn mt phn dich t ni h hoa sang ( theo tinh toan khoang 60 % ) nhm
a nhit ni ng hoa ln 52oC y la nhit ti u cho cac enzim proteaza. H
enzim ny hot ng mnh m v to ra nhiu sn phm ca protit phn t thp, peptit,
aminoaxit. Chng chnh l ngun thc n quan trng cho nu men, to mi v, to v gi
bt kh cho bia. Gi nhit nay trong 30 phut. Bm toan b dich chao con lai sang ni
ng hoa va gia nhit tng nhit ni ln 65oC. y l khong nhit v pH ti u
enzyme amilaza trong malt hot ng phn ct tinh bt thnh cc loi ng kh.
Gi trong 30 pht.
Nng nhit ln 720C, gi trong 30 pht enzyme amilaza trong malt hot ng
s phn ct tinh bt thnh cc phn t dextrin khc nhau. Cc dextrin bc cao s chuyn
thnh cc dextrin bc thp ng thi to ra mt lng ng maltoza v glucoza.
Duy tr cho n khi dch ng ho khng lm mt mu ca it th ngng cp hi.
Kt thc qu trnh ng ha nng nhit ln 78oC v tin hnh bm dch ng sang
my lc lc dch ng.

Tng thi gian h hoa va ng hoa khoang 4 gi.


IV.4.Loc dich ng.
*Nguyn tc nghin:
Cho malt sau khi ng ha xong gm hai phn: phn c v phn long. Qu
trnh lc b malt l tch pha lng khi hn hp tip tc cc bc tip theo ca tin trnh
cng ngh, cn pha rn l loi b cc ph liu ra ngoi.
Qu trnh lc b malt c tin hnh theo hai bc: Bc u tin l p tch dch
ct v bc th hai l ra b nt cac cht ho tan.
* Cch tin hnh :
-

ui khi : Trc tin phai v sinh thit bi sach se. ong cac van thao ba, cac voi ly
dich ng. S dung nc nong 78 80oC bm vao phia di ay gia n khi ngm
ay gia ui khi ra ngoai va lam nong thung loc.

Bm dich hem : Bm dich hem t phia di ln qua van mt chiu, canh khuy
hoat ng dan u ba.

D lng ba : Sau khi bm dich hem vao thung lng lng 30 phut. Trong thi gian
lng ba hinh thanh 3 lp loc :

+ Lp di cung : bao gm cac thanh phn nng, kich thc ln.


+ Lp gia : lp day nht chu yu la vo tru.
+ Lp trn cung : chu yu la protein va vo tru nho.
-

Hi lu dich loc uc : Luc u dich con uc se c tun hoan tr lai. Thi gian nay
mt khoang 10 15 phut.

Thu dich u : Khi dich loc trong thi bt u tin hanh thu dich loc. n khi lp
nc dich cach lp ba 1cm thi dng. Thi gian tach dich u mt khoang 1,5 2
gi.

Ra ba ( ra gian oan ) : Tin hanh ti nc nong 78oC cho n khi mc nc


cao hn lp ba 2cm. Bt canh khuy 5 6 vong/phut. lng 10 phut ri thu dich

ln 1. Lam tng t n ln 2,3. n khi nng cht hoa tan trong nc ra ba


con 0,3 0,5 % thi dng lai.
-

Xa ba : iu khin cach khuy y ba ra ngoai.

Tng thi gian loc t 4 5 gi.


IV.5.un hoa.
*Mc ch:
Nu dch ng vi hoa houblon nhm trch ly cht ng, tinh du thm,
polyphenol vo dch ng, to v ng du v hng thm c trng cho bia sau ny.
Tng bn keo cho sn phm: bn sinh hc, ha sinh v keo: Polyphenol +
protein to thnh cht kt ta v ko cn nh kt ta theo m bo bn keo v n nh
thnh phn bia ng thi lm cho bia trong hn.
Cht ng trong hoa l nhng cht to sc cng b mt v c hot tnh sinh hc cao,
tham gia vo qu trnh to bt v gi bt cho bia.
Tng mu v c c dch ng: lm cho mu sc nc thay i t nht sang m
do hin tng caramen ha,s hnh thnh cc melanol v cc cht mu ca hoa houblon
chuyn t hoa vo dch ng.
* Cch tin hnh :
Trc khi nu, v sinh sch s thit b, kim tra cc ng ng, van x hi, x y.
Dch ng c bm t thng lc y bng sang ni nu hoa, trong qu trnh bm
phi gia nhit n trn 90oC. Trong qu trnh ra b thung loc ay bng, cp nhit cho
ni hoa sao cho kt thc qu trnh ra b th ni hoa si.
B xung ton b lng cao hoa vo sau 5 phut si vi mc ch tng kh nng kt
lng ca cc phn t keo, thi gian b sung cao hoa sm vi nghin malt bng phng phap
nghin m nn lng tanin t vo thoat ra it.
Tip tc cho 1/2 hoa vin vo sau khi si 30 phut, trc khi kt thc 10 pht th cho
nt 1/2 cn li ng thi kha van hi ca h thng gia nhit trung tm gim cng
si gi hng cho bia. Vic b sung hoa 3 ln nhm mc ch to hng tt hn cho

bia, bi v trong qu trnh un hoa th lng tinh du thm s tn hao l 80 90% v vy


vic b sung lm 3 ln nh vy s lm gim bt tn tht. Thi gian un hoa 70 phut.
IV.6.Lng xoay
*Mc ch:
Tch cc phn t rn, cn, b hoa v cc kt ta protein cao phn t ra khi dch
ng sau khi houblon ho.
Nguyn tc tch cn l da vo lc hng tm ca chuyn ng trn theo phng
tip tuyn.
*Cch tin hnh
Trc khi lng, thit b phi c v sinh sch s v y l cng on rt d nhim
vi sinh vt. Kim tra ng ng,cc van x.
Bm dch ng hoa houblon sang thng lng xoy theo phng tip tuyn vi v
thng di p lc mnh. Cht lng xoay cng bc, lc hng tm hng cn tp trung
tm ni v lng xung y ni. lng trong 15 pht.
Nhit dch ra ngoi ni lng khong 900C v c bm ti thit b lm lnh
nhanh.
Kt thc qu trnh lng, tho b v v sinh thit b.
IV.7.Lam lanh nhanh va suc khi
*Mc ch
Lm lnh dch ng ti nhit ln men. Yu cu gim nhanh nhit dch ng
xung nhit cn thit, hn ch s nhim tp VSV.
Trn ng i cua dich oxy tinh khit c bao hoa thm, cung cp cho nm men sinh
trng, pht trin trong giai on u. Ham lng O2 t 6 8 mg/l.
*Cch tin hnh.

Trc khi lm lnh nhanh thit b c v sinh sch s. Tc nhn lm lnh l nc.
Khi lm lnh s trao i nhit gin tip qua cc tm bn. Nhit dch ng vo my
lnh nhanh khong 90oC, nhit dich ra la 12oC.
Sau khi lm lnh xong dch c b sung khong 6 mg/l O2 v trng (kh nn qua b kh
trng bng tia UV) v a sang tank ln men. Lng khng kh cung cp m bo
cho nm men to sinh khi ban u, nu lng khng kh qu nhiu s dn ti trng hp
nm men s s dng nhiu ng to lng sinh khi khng cn thit, v vy s lm
gim hiu sut ln men. Nu thiu khng kh cng khng tt, v nm men s khng to
lng t bo cn thit cho qu trnh ln men, nm men s chng gi, xy ra hin tng .
IV.8.Ln men
IV.8.1.Ln men chinh
* Mc ch :
Chuyn ha cc cht ha tan trong dch ng thnh ru etylic, CO2 v mt s
sn phm ph khc nh s pht trin ca nm men. Sn phm ca qu trnh ln men chnh
l bia non. Bia non c v c hng v c trng tuy nhin lng diacetyl cn cao.
*Cch tin hnh.
Trc khi i vo ln men chnh th cc tank ln men u c ty ra theo mt quy
trnh ring nhm loi b cc cn bn v vi sinh vt ra khi thit b. Sau ta m van cp
lnh cp nhit cho tank a v nhit cy nm men la 12 oC, ri tin hnh bm dch
vo tank. Men c bm ng thi vi dich tao s ng u. giai on u th lng
CO2 thot ra t v t bo nm men tp trung vo qu trnh sinh trng tng sinh khi t
bo, n ngy th ba tr i th mt t bo nm men cao, khi hot lc nm men tng
nhanh, p sut tng do m van thu hi CO2 v duy tr p sut 0,5 bar.
Trong qu trnh ln men phi thng xuyn kim tra cc thng s k thut nh : nhit
, p sut, nng ng, nhim tp, nng dch ln men ... t a ra phng
php x l thch hp. Trong qu trnh ln men chnh thng ch cp lnh cho khoang trn
cng, mc ch to ra s chnh lch nhit gia cc khoang, nh to ra s i lu,
nm men s chuyn ng t di ln trn, tng b mt tip xc gia enzym v c cht.

Thi gian ln men 5 6 ngy khi o ng 3- 3,5oS th kt thc qu trnh ln men chnh,
h nhit xung khong 5oC ri tin hnh tch sa men ri chuyn sang ln men ph.
IV.8.2.Ln men phu
* Mc ch :
Tip tc ca qu trnh ln men chnh nhm chuyn ha ht phn ng c kh
nng ln men cn tn ti trong bia non. ngha ca qu trnh ln men ph rt ln i vi
vic to hng v, bt, hng thm, n quyt nh ti bn vng ca bia cng nh cc
c tnh k thut ca bia thnh phm.
Trong qu trnh ln men ph, lng CO2 tip tc c to ra v ha tan vo bia
non, CO2 ch yu dng lin kt v mt phn dng t do. Khi ln men ph hm lng
axit hu c tng nhng khng ng k, cc ester c to thnh thc hin qu trnh kh
diacetyl n mc cho php ( < 0,2 mg/l ). V vy hng v ca bia c hon thin dn.
*Cch tin hnh.
Khi kt thc qu trnh ln men chnh ta chuyn sang ln men ph. Nhit ca
qu trnh ln men ph l 0 2oC, ap sut 1bar. Sau khi thu hi men ta h nhit xung
2oC th gian ln men ph khong 8 12 ngy.
Trc khi lc khong 2 ngy ta h nhit xung 0 oC. giai on cui ny tc
ln men chm hn, nm men tip tc s dng phn ng cn li trong dch ln men
to thnh CO2 v cc sn phm bc 2 lm hng v ca bia c n nh hn (lm trong
bia, kh diaxetyl, lm chn v n nh bia). Lng CO2 to ra ho tan vo dch ln men.

IV.8.3.Chun bi men ging va thu hi men sa


Bia l sn phm ca qu trnh ln men nn vic chun b men ging l ht sc cn
thit, mc ch to lng ging ln men l hot ha ging. Nm men s dng
ln men bia l Saccharomyces carbergensis l loi nm men ln men chm.
c im : Loi nm men ny thuc loi nm men n bo, ln men iu kin
ym kh. Chng c hnh dng khc nhau, c th hnh cu, hnh trn, hnh ovan. Kch
thc khong 3 5mm, sinh sn bng ny chi, chng nm men ny c kh nng ln men

c ng glucoza, maltoza, fructoza v dextrin phn t lng thp. Chng cn c th


to chm t bo tt to iu kin thun li cho qu trnh tch men bia, lm trong bia.
* Cch tin hnh :
- Chun b t chng thun khit :
Qu trnh nhn ging trong phng th nghim tri qua hai giai on l nhn ging
trong phng th nghim v nhn ging ngoi sn xut.

Nhn ging trong phng th nghim : u tin dung que cy v trng cy


truyn t ng thch nghing sang mi trng dch th v trng ng trong ng thu
tinh 10ml, tip tc cy chuyn sang ng 100ml, 1 lt, 10 lt, 20 ltMi trng nhn
ging thng l dch chit t malt, vi mi trng trn 10 lt c th ly dch nha trong
qu trnh sn xut.
Qu trnh nhn ging c th din ra theo nguyn tc 1/10 hoc 1/5 tu theo
cht lng men. Mi trng nhn ging c ly trc tip t thng ng ho, trong qu
trnh nhn men c sc khng kh v trng.

- Ti s sng men sa :
Men sa c kh nng ti s sng v c kh nng ti s dng v c kh nng b men
tt hn. Men sa phi sch, mu vng ng, t l t bo sng cao, khng nhim tp.
K thut thu hi men sa :
Sau khi kt thc qu trnh ln men chnh ta tin hnh h nhit h xung 5C, gi
trong 24 gi thu hi men sa. Khi kt lng bao gm :

Lp cui cng l lp cn lng

Lp gia l lp nm men tr tt, mu trng sa

Lp trn cng l lp mu xm en dung chn nui

Cch x l men sa :
Lp men sch thu c t y thng ln c lc qua v ra bng nc v trng
5oC, bm nc lnh vo cc thng ra men ri lng khong 90 pht. Sau gn phn
nc pha trn v phn nc pha trn cha ch yu l cc xc t bo nm men. Tin hnh
ra khong 3 4 ln thu sa men sch. Cc t bo nm men cht s ni ln trn b mt
v c gn ra ngoi. S ln ti s dng men sa khong 6 7 ln.

IV.9.Loc trong
* Mc ch :
Qu trnh ny nhm tch cn l lng, tch cc t bo nm men sng v cc t bo
trong bia tng gi tr cm quan, n nh thnh phn c hc, lm tng bn sinh hc
v bn ca bia. Dch sau khi lc trong sut c mu vng sng. Nhit lc bia khong
0 2oC.
* Cch tin hnh :
Qu trnh lc tri qua 2 giai on : Giai on to lp lc v giai on tin hnh lc.

Giai on to b mt lc :

Trc ht ho bt diatomit vo nc v trng vi t l bt/nc l 1/8 vo trong


mt thng ri bm dch ny vo my lc khung bn ti khi bia t trong cn thit th
tin hnh lc.
Sau tin hnh to mng lc : ngi ta ha bt diatomit vo nc v trng trong
mt thng, khuy u ri bm tun hon dch ny qua my lc ti khi bia t ti trong
cn thit th tin hnh lc ( thng lc khong 26 30 pht th lng tr lc s bm u
trn b mt tm vi lc ).

Giai on lc :

Khi lp lc bm trn vi lc thnh lp m bo c tiu chun th m van cho


bia chy vo my cng vi cht tr lc, cht tr lc c b sung vi mt lng nht
nh tu theo yu cu. dy lp b trn lp vi lc tng dn, p sut lc tng, bia khng
thot ra hoc c thot ra nhng b c do lp lc b ph v lc ny ta dng qu trnh lc,
tho tm bn ca my v git vi lc. p sut lc bia thng l 2 3,5 kg/cm2, p sut
trong ng theo yu cu th c th kt thc qu trnh lc v chuyn sang giai on bo ha
CO2.
IV.10.Bao hoa CO2 va tang tr bia
* Mc ch:
Trong qu trnh lc bia, hm lng CO2 thot ra 1 phn trong khi ln men cha np
CO2 nn cn bo ha CO2 cho t hm lng cn thit nhm tng cht lng cm quan,
chng oxyho, chng kt lng v to mi trng tt bo qun bia.

Vai tr ca CO2 trong bia gm:

n nh bia, khi c mt CO2 th cc vi sinh vt l khng pht trin c nn


khng lm h hng bia.

Ci thin mi, tng mi thm v CO2 lin kt vi alcol to ester khng bn. Khi
rt bia to bt CO2 v c mi thm kh mnh.

Tng kh nng dc hc ca bia v CO2 tng tc vi khong c kh nng cha


bnh.

Tng v, tng bt v bn bt cho bia.

* Cch tin hnh :


Sau khi lc bia xong nhit ca bia ln n 3 40C cho nn thng np CO2 phi
c tai lanh bao quanh nhm h nhit ca bia non xung 0 10C CO2 c bo ho
tt. Bia c bm vo thng Inox dy, chu lc theo ng ng t di trnh si bt,
chim 80% th tch thng.
Khi bm xong ng cc van li m van np CO2 vo thng, CO2 trc khi a
vo thng c x l qua bnh cha KMnO4 0,1%, bnh cha bng v than hot tnh, p
sut np CO2 l 4 5 Kg/cm2. Thi gian tng p lc t 15 30 pht gi p sut ny trong
khong 12 gi, lng CO2 np ti a ta tin hnh np 2 3 ln. Bia sau khi bo ho
CO2 cn phi t hm lng CO2 i vi bia hi l 4 - 5g/lt.

IV.11.Hoan thin san phm


IV.11.1.Hon thin bia hi
Bia sau khi bo ha CO2 c chit vo cc thng bock. Trc khi chit, bock phi
c kim tra cht lng nu t yu cu th mi tin hnh chit bock. Bia hi thnh phm
c chit vo bock c cc dung tch sau : 100 lt, 50 lt, 25 lt. thun tin cho vic vn
chuyn ta chn loi bock 50 lt, 25lit.
Bock lm bng inox hay bng nha c lp bo n, chu c p sut d do CO 2 gy
ra. Xung quanh c cc ai cao su khi vn chuyn trnh b xy st va p. Chit bock
theo phng php chit ng p. Bock c xem nh m bo nu sau mt ngy chit
bock m nhit ca bia tng khng ti 1C.

II.11.2.Hon thin bia chai


Chai ng bia c thi t cc loi thy tinh cht lng cao c mu nu m hau
xanh nht. ngn cn cc tia bc x mt tri chiu vo c th gy cho bia c mi v l
ng thi gy mt mu bia. Nguyn nhn l do to ra CO2 v cc hp cht cha nhm
sunfohydryl. Do cc tia bc x mt tri c kh nng kch thch cc phn ng quang ha
trong bia, Kh mt s cht hu c cha lu hunh thnh metacaptain c mi kh chu.
Chai bia phi chu c p lc 10 kg/cm2 100C, dy ca thnh chai phi u,
nhn v khng c bt kh, y chai hi lm. Chai dng chit bia c cc th tch khc
nhau, thng thng l 450ml.
Sau y l cc bc trong qu trnh hon thin bia chai
a.Ra chai
Trc khi chit chai, chai phi c qua my ra, kh trng v thit b soi chai
loi b cc chai bn v khuyt tt.
Ra chai bng cch : chai bn c xch ti chuyn n my ra. Nh c ch
chuyn ng, chai c a vo my qua cc vng :
Vng I : Ngm nc m 30 - 35C ra s b.

Vng II : Ngm, phun bng dung dch NaOH 2%, p lc phun 3kg/cm2 ra cc cn
bn hu c nhit 65C.
Vng III : Phun nc 30 - 35C trng s b.
Vng IV : Trng nc lnh v trng a nhit chai xung 8 - 10C ri qua b
phn kim tra sch ca chai ( bng cch soi chai ).
Yu cu sau ra
+ Chai phi sch v mt ha l v m bo v mt an ton vi sinh.
+ Gim n mc ti thiu mc tiu hao nng lng v nc.
+ Gim vic s dng ha cht.
+ Gim thiu s nh hng n mi trng

b. Chit chai
Chai sau khi ra c c bng chuyn chuyn n thit b chit chai ( chit theo
nguyn l ng p ). Nhit ca bia l 0 - 1C. Trong qu trnh chit chai cn trnh tip
xc vi khng kh v oxy l nguyn nhn gy nn hot ng sng ca cc h vi sinh vt
trong bia, gy km bn cho bia. ng thi oxy l tc nhn gy ra cc phn ng oxy ha m
sn phm l cc cht kt ta gy c cho bia.
Khi chit chai, vi chit ngom kht vo c chai, gia chai c thng cha bia c ng
thng vi nhau to p sut ng p, ng ny ni gia c chai v mt thong ca thng
bia, xi lanh vi chit chai c a xung tn y chai v thc hin qu trnh chit.
Phng php chit ny trnh c s tro bt gy tn tht v trnh bia tip xc nhiu vi
khng kh. Khi chit xong bia c cho i qua khu kim tra mc y v rn nt ( nu c )
v sau quan st b phn dp nt, khi chai bia c dp nt xong, ta chuyn bia sang b
phn thanh trng.
c.Thanh trng bia chai
* Mc ch.
Thanh trng l gia nhit chai bia n nhit thch hp, trong khong thi gian cn
thit tiu dit hon ton t bo nm men cn st li trong bia sau khi lc, m bo t bo
nm men khng hot ng tr li ( nhit 20 25oC) gy c cho bia, ko di thi gian
bo qun cho bia.
* Cch tin hnh:
Tin hnh thanh trng bng thit b thanh trng kiu hm tunel phun t ng. Cc chai bia
chy dc theo bng ti qua cc vng ca hm thanh trng. Hm thanh trng c 8 khoang, mi
khoang phun nc nng mt nhit khc nhau.
Gia nhit 419C bng nc 28C
Gia nhit 1933C bng nc 42C
Gia nhit 3347C bng nc 48C
Gia nhit 4764C bng nc 64C
Gi nhit 64C bng nc 68C
H nhit 6459C bng nc 62C

H nhit 5949C bng nc 40C


H nhit 4936C bng nc 32C
Cc bng ti tm bng nn nc sau khi phun vo vng no s c thu gom vo
cc b cha t vng . Cc chai chy trong hm theo mt ng thng ,vo u hm
v ra cui hm.
d. Dn nhn, in hn s dng.
Sau khi thanh trng bia c kim tra i trn bng ti n my dn nhn, nhn phi
c ghi ngay ngn.
Sau khi dn nhn, bia c xp vo kt, mi kt 20 chai. Cui cng l nhp kho v em i
tiu th

PHN III : LP K HOACH SAN XUT VA TINH CN BNG SAN PHM


A.LP K HOACH SAN XUT
Nh my c thit k vi nng sut 20 triu lt bia/nm, c cu sn phm 50% bia
chai v 50% bia hi. Nng dch ng trc ln men l 12Bx. S dng nguyn liu
thay th l go vi t l thay th l 30% cho tng lng go v malt s dng.
Do nc ta nm trong khu vc nhit i gi ma, min Bc kh hu c 4 ma rt
khc nhau v vy m nhu cu tiu th bia cc ma cng khc nhau. Ma h do thi tit
nng nc nn nhu cu s dng bia cao c bit la bia hi, trong khi ma ng do thi tit

lnh nhu cu v bia gim. Do nh my phi c k hoch sn xut mt cch hp l


lng bia sn xut ra tiu th ht trnh lng ph.
Bng k hoch sn xut ca nh my:
Qu

II

III

IV

Bia chai (triu lt)

Bia hi (triu lt)

Tng nng sut (triu lt)

Mt nm nh my sn xut 300 ngy, trung bnh mi thng sn xut 25 ngy,


nhng ngy cn li duy tu, bo dng my mc thit b. Nng sut ln nht mt thng:
2 triu lt.
Nng sut ln nht mt ngy: 2000000/25 = 80 000(lt).
Mi ngy nu 5 m, nng sut mt m khong: 16 000(lt).

B.TINH CN BNG SAN PHM


Trong qu trnh sn xut, tn tht cc cng on l khng th trnh khi nn trong trong
qu trnh tnh ton ta u phi tnh n lng tn tht tng cng on. Lng tn tht
ph thuc vo nhiu yu t nh cht lng nguyn liu, ch cng ngh thit b.
n gin ta tnh cn bng sn phm cho 100l bia. Gi thit:
Malt c hm m 6%, hiu sut ho tan 80%.
Go c hm m 13%, hiu sut ho tan 85%.
Tn tht trong cc qu trnh ln lt l:
- Nghin: 0,5%.
- H ho, ng ho v lc: 3% cht ho tan.
- Nu hoa: 5% lng dch do nc bay hi.
- Lng xoy v lnh nhanh: 2,5%.
- Ln men: 4%.
- Lc bia: 1%.
- Bo ho CO2: 0,5%.
- Chit chai: 3%; chit bock: 1%.
I. Tnh cn bng sn phm cho 100l bia chai
1. Tnh lng go v lng malt
Gi lng malt cn sn xut 100l bia chai l M(kg) th lng go cn l
(0,3/0,7).M(kg).
Lng cht chit thu c t M(kg) malt l:
M.(1 0,005).(1 0,06).0,8 = 0,748M(kg)

Lng cht chit thu c t go l:


M.(0,3/0,7).(1 0,005).(1 0,13).0,85 = 0,315M(kg)
Tng lng cht chit thu c l:
0,748M + 0,315M = 1,063M(kg)

* Lng dch qua cc cng on ng vi 100l bia chai thnh phm:

Cng on chit chai tn tht 3%, lng bia sau bo ho CO2 l:


100
= 103,093(l)
1 0,03

Cng on bo ho CO2 tn tht 0,5%, lng bia sau lc l:


103, 093
= 103,611(l)
1 0, 005

Cng on lc bia tn tht 1%, lng bia sau ln men l:


103, 611
= 104,658(l)
1 0, 01

Cng on ln men tn tht 4%, lng dch ng a i ln men l:


104, 658
= 109,019(l)
1 0,04

Cng on lng xoy v lnh nhanh tn tht 2,5% ,lng dch ng sau un hoa
( 200C ) l :
109, 019
= 111,814(l)
(1 0.025)

Do th tch dch 100oC chnh lch so vi th tch dch 20oC l 4% nn th tch


dch 100oC l:

111,814
= 116,473(l)
1 0, 04

Dch ng sau un hoa c nng cht kh l 12Bx c d20=1,048, khi lng


dch ng sau un hoa l:
111,814 x 1,048 = 117,181(kg)
Khi lng cht chit c trong dch ng sau un hoa l:
117,181

12
= 14,062(kg)
100

Cng on nu, ng ho, lc tn tht cht chit l 3%, lng cht chit ban
u l:
14, 062
= 14,497(kg)
1 0, 03

Ta c: 1,063M = 14,497(kg)
Suy ra:

Lng malt cn l M = 13,638(kg)


Lng go cn l Mx0,3/0,7 = 5,845(kg)

2. Lng b go v b malt
Lng malt em nu l 13,638kg trong :
Lng cht kh khng ho tan 100% 80% = 20%
m W = 6%
Tn tht khi nghin 0,5%
Suy ra lng cht kh trong b malt:
13,638.(1 0,005).(1 0,06).0,2 = 2,551(kg)
B c hm m 80%, khi lng b malt t l:
2,551
= 12,755(kg)
1 0,8

Lng go em nu l 5,845kg trong :


Lng cht kh khng ho tan 100% 85% = 15%
m 13%
Tn tht khi nghin 0,5%
Suy ra lng cht kh trong b go:
5,845.(1 0,005).(1 0,13).0,15 = 0,759(kg)
B c hm m 80%, khi lng b go t l:
0, 759
= 3,795(kg)
1 0,8

Tng lng b kh l: 2,551 + 0,759 = 3,31(kg)


Tng lng b t l: 12,755 + 3,795 = 16,55(kg)
Lng nc trong b l: 16,55 3,31 = 13,24(kg)
3. Lng nc dng trong nu v ra b
* Lng nc trong qu trnh h ho:
ni h ho c s dng lng malt lt bng 10% lng go, tng lng bt cho
vo ni cho l:
(5,845 + 0,1.5,845).(1 0,005) = 6,397(kg)
T l phi trn nc:bt = 5:1, lng nc cho vo ni h ho l:
5 x 6,397 = 31,985 (kg)
Tng khi lng dch bt trong ni h ho l:
6,397 + 31,985 = 38,382 (kg)
Lng nc c sn trong nguyn liu:

5,845.(1 0,005).0,13 + 0,1.5,845.(1 0,005).0,06 = 0,791(kg)


Tng lng nc c trong ni h ho:
31,985+ 0,791 = 32,776 (kg)
Trong qu trnh h ho lng nc bay hi khong 5%:
32,776 x 0,05 = 1,639(kg)
Khi lng dch cho cn li l:
38,382 1,639 = 36,743 (kg)

* Lng nc trong qu trnh ng ho:


Lng malt cho vo ni ng ho:
(13,638 0,1.5,845).(1 0,005) = 13,054 (kg)
T l phi trn nc:malt = 4:1, lng nc phi trn vi malt l:
4 x 13,054 = 52,216 (kg)
Lng nc c sn trong malt l:
13,054 x 0,06 = 0,783 (kg)
Khi chuyn ton b dch cho sang ni ng ho tng khi lng dch l:
13,054 + 52,216 + 36,743 = 102,013 (kg)
Tng lng nc c trong ni ng ho l:
52,216 + 0,783 + (32,776 1,639) = 84,136 (kg)
Trong qu trnh ng ho lng nc bay hi khong 4%:
84,136 . 0,04 = 3,365 (kg)

Lng nc cn li sau ng ho: 84,136 3,365 = 80,771 (kg)


Khi lng dch ng cn li l: 102,136 3,365 = 98,771(kg)

* Lng nc ra b:
Lng dch ng sau un hoa: 117,181(kg)
Lng nc c trong dch ng sau un hoa:
(1

12
) 117,181 = 103,119(kg)
100

Khi un hoa tn tht 5% th tch dch do nc bay hi, lng nc trong dch
ng trc un hoa:
103,119
= 108,546(kg)
1 0, 05

Lng nc trong b l: 13,24(kg)


Lng nc cn li sau ng ho l: 80,771 (kg)
Suy ra lng nc ra b:
108,546 + 13,24 80,771 = 41,015 (kg)

* Dch lc:
Dch lc ban u: 102,013 16,55 = 85,463 (kg)
Tng lng dch lc: 85,463 + 41,015 = 127,028 (kg)
4. Lng hoa houblon s dng
Bia chai nu c ng 22 tc hm lng cht ng l 22mg/l.

Ly hiu sut trch ly cht ng trong qu trnh nu hoa l 30% th lng cht
ng ban u ng vi 100l bia thnh phm l:
22
100 = 7,33.103(mg) = 7,33(g)
0,3

S dng 80% hoa vin 8% axit ng v 20% cao hoa 60% axit ng.
Gi lng hoa vin s dng l m(g) th lng cao hoa s dng l m.(0,2/0,8) =
0,25m(g). Lng cht ng trch ly c l: m 0,08 + 0,25m 0,60 = 0,23m(g)
Ta c: 0,23m = 7,33(g)
Suy ra:

Lng hoa vin s dng l m = 31,87(g)


Lng cao hoa s dng l 0,25m = 7,97(g)

B hoa: coi lng cao hoa ho tan hon ton, hoa vin ho tan 40%, b hoa vin
c m 85% th lng b hoa vin l:
31,87 0,6
= 127,48(g) 0,13(kg)
1 0,85

5. Cc nguyn liu khc


* Lng enzim Termamyl 120L b sung trong qu trnh h hoa:
Ch phm enzyme Termamyl 120L c dung vi ty l 0,1% so vi lng
nguyn liu thay th. Vy lng Termamyl cn dung la:
5,845 x 0,001 = 0,00585 (g)

* Cc ho cht b sung trong qu trnh lc dch bia:


Bt tr lc: Bt tr lc s dng y ch yu l diatomide (2 loi bt th v mn
c s dng l Hyflosuppercell v Standarlsuppercell) ngoi ra cn c vinyl
polypyriolidone. lc 100 lt bia cn s dng khong 0,08 kg diatomide mi loi v 25 g
vinyl polypyriolidone.

* Lng men ging s dng:


Men ging nui cy trc tip cp bng 10% lng dch a vo ln men:
0,1 .109,019 10,9(l)
Men sa cp bng 1% lng dch a vo ln men:
0,01.109,019 1,09(l)
Men sa ti s dng 7 ln th trong 8 chu k ln men ch cn nhn men ging cho
chu k u cn ti s dng men sa cho 7 chu k sau.

* Sa men kt lng:
C 100l bia cho 2lit sa men c m 85%, trong c th ti s dng khong
1lit.
* Cn lng:
Lng cn lng c m 80% chim khong 1,75% so vi nguyn liu. ng vi
100l bia cn nu 13,638kg malt v 5,845kg go tc tng lng nguyn liu l:
13,638 + 5,845 = 19,483(kg).
Lng cn lng tng ng s l: 19,483.0,0175 = 0,341(kg)
Lng cn lng kh: 0,2.0,341 = 0,068(kg)
* Lng CO2:

Phng trnh ln men:


C12H22O11 + H2O 4C2H5OH + 4CO2 + Q

342g

18g

184g

176g

Lng dch trc ln men: 109,019(l), c ng 12Bx c d20=1,048, khi


lng dch ng trc ln men l:
109,019.1,048 = 114,252(kg)
Khi lng cht chit trong dch ng trc ln men:
12
114, 252 = 13, 71 (kg)
100

Quy v ng maltose, trong giai on ln men chnh coi 55% lng cht chit
c chuyn ho, lng CO2 to thnh l:
13,71

176
0,55 = 3,881(kg)
342

Ln men chnh tn hao th tch dch ln men l 3% th th tch bia non ng vi


100 lt bia thnh phm l:
109,019 0,97 = 105,755(l)
Lng CO2 ho tan trong bia non l 2,5g/l, ng vi 105,755lt bia non l:
2,5.105,755 = 264,371(g) 0,26(kg)
Lng CO2 thot ra l:
3,881 0,26 = 3,621(kg)
20C, 1atm, CO2 c khi lng ring 1,832kg/m3, th tch ca CO2 thot ra l:
3, 621
= 1,977 (kg)
1,832

Hiu sut thu hi CO2 l 70%, lng CO2 c th thu hi c l:


0,7.1,977 = 1,384(m3)

Trong qu trnh ln men ph 15% cht chit ca dch ng tip tc c chuyn


ho, lng CO2 to thnh tip tc c bo ho trong bia do hm lng CO2 trong bia
ti vo khong 4g/l.
Trong qu trnh lc CO2 b tht thot mt phn nn hm lng CO2 trong bia sau
lc vo khong 2g/l. Cui qu trnh lc cn cp CO2 p nt lng dch lc cui ng
thi trong qu trnh tng tr cn tip tc bo ho CO2 trong bia hm lng CO2 t ti
4,5g/l. Lng CO2 cn bo ho 103,61 lt bia sau lc l:
(4,5 2).103,611 = 259,028(g) 0,26(kg)
Th tch CO2 cn bo ho thm l:
0,26
= 0,142(m3)
1,832

Bng tng kt nguyn liu chnh, bn thnh phm tng ng vi bia chai

TT

Tn nguyn liu

100 lt

1 m

1 ngy

1 nm

Malt

13,638 kg

2182 kg

10,91 tn

1364 tn

Go

5,845 kg

935 kg

4,68 tn

5845 tn

Nc nu cho

31,985 lt

5117 l

25,59 m3

3199 m3

Nc ng ho

52,216 lt

8355 l

41,78 m3

5222 m3

Nc ra b

41,015 lt

6562,4 l

32,81 m3

4102 m3

B malt v go

16,55 kg

2,65 tn

13,24 tn

1655 tn

Hoa vin

31,87 g

5,1 kg

25,5 kg

3187 kg

Cao hoa

7,97 g

1,28 kg

6,4 kg

797 kg

Dch bt go

38,382 kg

6,14 tn

30,7 tn

3838 tn

10

Dch cho

36,743 kg

5,88 tn

29,4 tn

3674 tn

11

Dch malt

102,136
kg

16,34 tn

81,71 tn

10214 tn

12

Dch ng

98,776 kg

15,8 tn

79,02 tn

9878 tn

13

Dch sau lc

127,028
kg

20,32 tn

101.6 tn

127028 tn

14

Dch ng
houblon ho

116,473 lt

18,64 m3

93,18m3

11647 m3

15

Dch ng em
ln men

109,019 lt

17,44 m3

87,22 m3

16

Bia ti

104,658 lt

16,73 m3

83,65 m3

10466 m3

17

Bia sau lc

103,611 lt

16,58 m3

82,89 m3

10361 m3

18

Bia trc chit chai

103,093 lt

16,49 m3

82,47 m3

10309 m3

19

Men nhn trc tip

10,9 lt

1,74 m3

8,72 m3

1090m3

Men ti s dng

1,09 lt

174,4 lt

872 lit

109m3

10901 m3

II. Tnh cn bng sn phm cho 100l bia hi


1. Tnh lng go v lng malt
1. Tnh lng go v lng malt
Gi lng malt cn sn xut 100l bia chai l M(kg) th lng go cn l
(0,3/0,7).M(kg).

Lng cht chit thu c t M(kg) malt l:


M.(1 0,005).(1 0,06).0,8 = 0,748M(kg)
Lng cht chit thu c t go l:
M.(0,3/0,7).(1 0,005).(1 0,13).0,85 = 0,315M(kg)
Tng lng cht chit thu c l:
0,748M + 0,315M = 1,063M(kg)
* Lng dch qua cc cng on ng vi 100l bia hi thnh phm:
Cng on chit bock tn tht 1%, lng bia a vo chit bock l:
100
= 101(l)
1 0,01

Giai on tng tr v bo ho CO2 trc khi chit bock tn tht 0,5%, lng bia
sau lc l:
101
= 101,51(l)
1 0.005

Cng on lc bia tn tht 1%, lng bia sau ln men l:


101,51
= 102,53(l)
1 0,01

Cng on ln men tn tht 4%, lng dch ng trc ln men l:


102,53
= 106,8(l)
1 0,04

Cng on lng xoy v lnh nhanh tn tht 2,5% ,lng dch ng sau un hoa
( 200C ) l :
106,8
= 109,54(l)
(1 0,025)

Do th tch dch 100oC chnh lch so vi th tch dch 20oC l 4% nn th tch

dch 100oC l:
109,54
= 114,1(l)
1 0,04

Dch ng sau un hoa c nng cht kh 12Bx c d20 = 1,048. Khi lng
dch ng sau un hoa l:
109,54 . 1,048 = 114,80(kg)
Lng cht chit c trong dch ng sau un hoa l:
12
114,80 = 13, 77 (kg)
100

Ta c: 1,063M = 13,77(kg)
Suy ra:

Lng malt cn l M = 12,954(kg)


Lng go cn l M.0,3/0,7 = 5,552(kg)

2. Lng b go v b malt
Lng malt em nu l 12,954 kg.
Lng cht kh khng ho tan 100% 80% = 20%
m 6%
Tn tht trong qu trnh nghin l 0,5%
Lng b malt kh l:
12,954.(1 0,005).(1 0,06).0,2 = 2,423(kg)
B c hm m 80%, khi lng b malt t l:
2, 423
= 12,115 (kg)
1 0,8

Lng go em nu l 5,552 kg.

Lng cht kh khng ho tan l 100% 85% = 15%


m 13%
Tn tht trong qu trnh nghin l 0,5%
Lng b go kh l:
5,552.(1 0,005).(1 0,06).0,15 = 0,779 (kg)
B c hm m l 80%, khi lng b go t l:
0, 779
= 3,895 (kg)
1 0,8

Tng lng b kh: 2,423 + 0,779 = 3,202 (kg)


Tng lng b t l: 12,115 + 3,895 = 16,01(kg)
Tng lng nc c trong b l: 16,01 3,202 = 12,808(kg)
3. Lng nc dng trong nu v ra b
* Lng nc dng trong qu trnh h ho:
ni cho s dng lng malt lt bng 10% lng go. Tng lng bt go v
malt lt cho vo ni cho l:
(5,552 + 0,1.5,552).(1 0,005) = 6,077(kg)
T l phi trn bt:nc = 1:5, lng nc cho vo ni cho l:
6,077 . 5 = 30,383 (kg)
Tng khi lng dch bt trong ni h ho l:
6,077 + 30,383 = 36,46 (kg)
Lng nc c sn trong bt go v malt lt l:
5,552.(1 0,005).0,13 + 5,552.0,1.(1 0,005).0,06 = 0,751 (kg)

Tng lng nc c trong ni h ho l:


30,383 + 0,751 = 31,134 (kg)
Trong qu trnh h ho lng nc bay hi khong 5% l:
0,05 . 31,134 = 0,623 (kg)
Lng nc cn li trong dch cho sau h ho l:
31,134 0,623 = 30,511 (kg)
Khi lng dch cho cn li l:
36,46 0,623 = 35,837 (kg)

* Lng nc dng trong qu trnh ng ho:


Lng malt cho vo ni ng ho l:
(12,954 0,1.5,552).(1 0,005) = 12,337 (kg)
T l phi trn malt:nc = 1:4, lng nc ho trn vi bt malt l:
4 . 12,337 = 49,347 (kg)
Lng nc c sn trong malt l:
49,347 .0,06 = 2,961 (kg)
Khi bm ton b dch cho sang ni ng ho th tng khi lng ca dch l:
(12,954 + 49,347) + 35,837 = 98,138 (kg)
Tng lng nc c trong ni ng ho l:
(49,347 + 2,961) + 30,511 = 82,819 (kg)
Trong qu trnh ng ho lng nc bay hi khong 4% l:
0,04 . 82,819 = 3,313 (kg)

Sau qu trnh ng ho lng nc cn li trong dch ng l:


82,819 3,313 = 79,506(kg)
Khi lng dch ng cn li sau ng ho:
98,138 3,313 = 94,825 (kg)

* Lng nc ra b:
Lng dch ng sau un hoa: 114,80 kg
Lng nc c trong dch ng sau un hoa l:
100 12
114,80 = 101, 024 (kg)
100

Trong qu trnh un hoa th tch dch gim 5% do nc bay hi. Lng nc


trong dch ng trc un hoa l:
102, 024
= 107,394 (kg)
1 0, 05

Lng nc trong b l: 12,808 kg


Suy ra lng nc ra b l: 107,394 + 12,808 79,506 = 40,697 (kg)

* Dch lc:
Dch lc ban u: 94,825 16,01 = 78,815 (kg)
Tng lng dch lc: 78,815 + 40,697 = 119,512(kg)
4. Lng hoa houblon s dng
Bia hi nu c ng 18 tc hm lng cht ng l 18mg/l.
Ly hiu sut trch ly cht ng trong qu trnh nu hoa l 30% th lng cht
ng ban u ng vi 100l bia thnh phm l:

18
100 = 6000(mg) = 6(g)
0,3

S dng 80% hoa vin 8% axit ng v 20% cao hoa 60% axit ng. Gi
lng hoa vin s dng l m(g) th lng cao hoa s dng l 0,25m(g). Lng cht ng
trch ly c l: m 0,08 + 0,25m 0,60 = 0,23m(g)
Ta c: 0,23m = 6(g)
Suy ra:

Lng hoa vin s dng l m = 26,087(g)


Lng cao hoa s dng l 0,25m = 6,522 (g)

B hoa: coi lng cao hoa ho tan hon ton, hoa vin ho tan 40%, b hoa vin c m
85% th lng b hoa vin l:
26, 087 0, 6
= 104,348(g) 0,1(kg)
1 0,85

5. Cc nguyn liu khc


* Lng enzim Termamyl 120L b sung trong qu trnh h hoa:
Ch phm enzyme Termamyl 120L c dung vi ty l 0,1% so vi lng
nguyn liu thay th. Vy lng Termamyl cn dung la:
5,845 x 0,001 = 0,00585 (g)

* Cc ho cht b sung trong qu trnh lc dch bia:


Bt tr lc: Bt tr lc s dng y ch yu l diatomide (2 loi bt th v mn
c s dng l Hyflosuppercell v Standarlsuppercell) ngoi ra cn c vinyl
polypyriolidone. lc 100 lt bia cn s dng khong 0,08 kg diatomide mi loi v 25 g
vinyl polypyriolidone.

* Lng men ging s dng:


Men ging nui cy trc tip cp bng 10% lng dch a vo ln men:
0,1.106,8 10,68 (l)
Men sa cp bng 1% lng dch a vo ln men:
0,01.106,8 1,07 (l)
Men sa ti s dng 7 ln th trong 8 chu k ln men ch cn nhn men ging cho
chu k u cn ti s dng men sa cho 7 chu k sau.

* Sa men kt lng:
C 100l bia cho 2lit sa men c m 85%, trong c th ti s dng khong
1lit.
* Cn lng:
Lng cn lng c m 80% chim khong 1,75% so vi nguyn liu. ng vi
100l bia cn nu 12,954 kg malt v 5,552 kg go tc tng lng nguyn liu l:
12,954 + 5,552= 18,506 (kg).
Lng cn lng tng ng s l: 18,506 .0,0175 = 0,324 (kg)
Lng cn lng kh: 0,2.0,324 = 0,065 (kg)

* Lng CO2:
Phng trnh ln men:
C12H22O11 + H2O = 4C2H5OH + 4CO2 + Q
342g

18g

184g

176g

Lng dch trc ln men: 106,8 (l), c ng 12Bx c d20=1,048. Khi


lng dch ng trc ln men l:
106,8.1,048 = 111,926 (kg)
Khi lng cht chit trong dch ng trc ln men:
12
111,926 = 13, 43 (kg)
100

Quy v ng maltose, trong giai on ln men chnh coi 55% lng cht chit
c chuyn ho, lng CO2 to thnh l:
13, 43

176
0,55 = 3,8(kg)
342

Sau ln men chnh th tch dch gim 3%, th tch bia non ng vi 100 lt bia
thnh phm l:
106,8 0,97 = 103,6 (l)
Lng CO2 ho tan trong bia non l 2,5g/l, ng vi 103,6 lt bia non l:
2,5.103,6 = 259 (g) 0,26 (kg)
Lng CO2 thot ra l:
3,8 0,26 = 3,542(kg)
20C, 1atm, CO2 c khi lng ring 1,832kg/m3, th tch ca CO2 bay ra l:
3,542
= 1,933 (m3)
1,832

Hiu sut thu hi CO2 l 70%, lng CO2 c th thu hi c l:


0,7 . 1,933 = 1,353 (m3)
Trong qu trnh ln men ph 15% cht chit ca dch ng tip tc c chuyn
ho, lng CO2 to thnh tip tc c bo ho trong bia do hm lng CO2 trong bia
ti vo khong 4g/l.

Trong qu trnh lc CO2 b tht thot mt phn nn hm lng CO2 trong bia sau
lc vo khong 2g/l. Cui qu trnh lc cn cp CO2 p nt lng dch lc cui ng
thi trong qu trnh tng tr cn tip tc bo ho CO2 trong bia hm lng CO2 t ti
4,5g/l. Lng CO2 cn bo ho 101,51 lt bia sau lc l:
(4,5 2).101,51 = 253,78 (g) 0,254(kg)
Th tch CO2 cn bo ho thm l:
0,254
= 0,14 (m3)
1,832

Bng tng kt nguyn liu chnh, bn thnh phm tng ng vi bia hi


TT

Tn nguyn liu

100 lt

1 m

1 ngy

1 nm

Malt

12,954 kg

2072,6 kg

10,36 tn

1295 tn

Go

5.552 kg

888,32 kg

4,44 tn

555 tn

Nc nu cho

30,383 lt

4861,28 l

24,31 m3

3038 m3

Nc ng ho

49,347 lt

7895,52 l

39,48 m3

4935 m3

Nc ra b

40,697 lt

6511,52 l

32,56 m3

B malt

2,56 tn

12,81 tn

1601 tn

Hoa vin

26,087 g

4,17 kg

20,87 kg

2609 kg

Cao hoa

6,522 g

1,04 kg

5,22 kg

652,2 kg

Dch bt go

36,46 kg

5,83 tn

29,17 tn

3646 tn

10

Dch cho

35,837 kg

5,73 tn

28,67 tn

3584 tn

11

Dch malt

98,138 kg

15,7 tn

78,51 tn

9814 tn

12

Dch ng

94,825 kg

15,17 tn

75,86 tn

9483 tn

13

Dch lc

78.815 kg

12,61 tn

63,05 tn

7882 tn

14

Dch ng
houblon ho

114,1 lt

18,26 m3

91,28 m3

11410 m3

15

Dch i ln men

106,8 lt

85,44 m3

10680 m3

16,01 kg

17,09 m3

4070 m3

16

Bia ti

102,53 lt

16,4 m3

82,02 m3

10253m3

17

Bia sau lc

101,51 lt

16,24 m3

81,21 m3

10151 m3

18

Bia trc chit


bock

101 lt

16,16 m3

80,8 m3

10100 m3

19

Men nhn trc tip

10,68 lt

1,71 m3

8,54 m3

1068 m3

Men ti s dng

1,07 lt

171,2lt

856lit

107 m3

PHN IV : TINH VA CHON THIT BI


I. Tnh v chn thit b cho phn xng nu
Theo k hoch sn xut mt m nu ca bia hi v bia chai cng cho sn lng
bia thnh phm nh nhau, ch khc l nu bia chai s dng nhiu nguyn liu hn bia hi.
Do ta tnh ton thit b ch yu theo bia chai.
1. Cn, gu ti
* Cn:
Nguyn liu c cn theo tng m.
Chn cn hoa loi 5kg.
Chn cn go v malt lt c kh nng cn cao nht 500kg, chnh xc 0,5kg, c
kch thc: di 1m, rng 0,8m, cao 1m.

Cn malt v go mi loi dng 1 cn in t c gn vi xylo; xylo c kch


thc: ng knh 0,8m, cao 1,5m, y cn 60 cha c khong 500kg
* Gu ti:
Chn gu ti c nng sut vn chuyn 4500 kg/h c thng s k thut:
Kch thc: rng 0,5m, cao 2 4m
Vn tc ko 1,2 1,4m/s
Cng sut ng c 0,8kW
2. My nghin
* My nghin go:
Mt m nu s dng 935 kg go. Chn my nghin go l my nghin ba c
nng sut 1000kg/h c cc thng s k thut:
Kch thc bung nghin: ng knh 500mm, chiu rng 200mm
Kch thc my: di 1,85m, rng 1,6m, cao 1,65m

* My nghin malt:
Mt m nu lng malt cn nghin l 2182 kg. Chn my nghin malt m c
cng sut 3000kg/h c cc thng s k thut:
Vt liu ch to: thp khng g chu mi mn
Kch thc thit b: di 1m, rng 0,8m, cao 3,2m
Kch thc trc nghin: ng knh 250mm, di 600mm
S trc: 2

Khong cch gia 2 trc: 0,3mm

S dung b phn iu chinh m malt kiu xoay, co vach ngn.


Nc ngm malt c nhit 65C, lng nc dng phun m 40l/100kg.
Tng thi gian iu chinh m v nghin khng qu 30 pht. Khi thu phn ca ht
tng ln 20%.

3. Ni h ho
Tng khi lng dch bt trong ni h ho l ng vi mt m nu: 6,14 tn.
Khi lng ring ca hn hp dch bt l 1,07(tn/m3)
Th tch ca hn hp trong ni h ho l:
6,14
= 5,74 (m3)
1, 07

Th tch s dng ca ni l 75%, th tch ca ni cn t l:


5, 74
= 7,65 (m3)
0, 75

* Chn thit b h ho l thit b thn hnh tr, y va np hinh non, lm bng


thp khng g, c cc thng s nh sau: H = 0,6D; h1 = 0,2D; h2 = 0,15D.

h2

h1

Th tch ni:
D2
h1 h2
D2
1 D2
1 D2
H+
h1 +
h2 =
V = Vtr + Vay + Vinh =
H + + =
4
3 3
4
3 4
3 4
D2
0, 2 D 0,15 D
3
+
0, 6 D +
= 0,563D
4
3
3

Ta c: 0,563D3 = 7,65 (m3). Suy ra: D = 2,39 m.


Quy chun: D = 2,4m. H = 1,44m; h1 = 0,48m; h2 = 0,36m.

V o hi v bo n dy 100mm, ng knh ngoi thng: Dng = 2,6m.


Th tch thc ca ni l:
V = 0,563D3 = 0,563.2,43 = 7,8(m3).
Chiu cao phn 2 v: H2v = 0,8.H = 1,15m
Chn cnh khuy c ng knh: d = 0,8D = 1,92m, tc khuy 32v/ph.
Ly din tch b mt truyn nhit 0,5m2/m3 dch, th tch dch trong ni h ho l
7,65m3, tng din tch b mt truyn nhit ca ni l:
F = 0,5.7,65 3,83(m2)
4. Ni ng ho
Tng khi lng dch trong ni ng ho ng vi mt m nu l: 15,8 tn.
Dch bt c khi lng ring l 1,08(tn/m3), th tch dch trong ni ng ho
l:
15,8
= 14,63 (m3)
1, 08

Th tch s dng ca ni l 80%, th tch ca ni cn t l:


14, 63
= 18, 29 (m3)
0,8

* Chn thit b ng ho l thit b thn hnh tr, y va np hinh nn lm bng


thp khng g, c cc thng s nh sau: H = 0,6D; h1 = 0,2D; h2 = 0,15D.

h2

h1

Th tch ni:
D2
h1 h2
D2
1 D2
1 D2
H+
h1 +
h2 =
V = Vtr + Vay + Vinh =
H + + =
4
3 3
4
3 4
3 4
D2
0, 2 D 0,15 D
3
+
0, 6 D +
= 0,563D
4
3
3

Ta c: 0,563D3 = 18,29 m3. Suy ra: D = 3,19m.


Quy chun: D = 3,2m. H = 1,92m; h1 = 0,64m; h2 = 0,48m.
Th tch thc ca ni:
V = 0,563D3 = 0,563.3,23 = 18,45(m3).
V o hi v bo n dy 100mm, ng knh ngoi l: Dng = 3,4m.
Chiu cao phn hai v: H2v = 0,8H = 1,54m.
Chn cnh khuy c ng knh: d = 0,8D = 2,56m. Tc khuy 32v/ph.
Din tch b mt truyn nhit 0,5m2/m3 dch, th tch dch trong ni ng ho l
14,63 m3, tng din tch b mt truyn nhit ca ni l:
F = 0,5.14,63 7,32(m2)

5. Thng lc y bng
Thng y bng, thn tr, np nn h2 = 0,15D.

h2

Khi lng b malt v go tng ng vi mt m nu l: 2,65 tn


Khi lng ring ca b l: 0,75 tn/m3
Th tch b l:
2, 65
= 3,53(m3)
0, 75

Mun qua trinh loc binh thng thi chiu cao cua lp ba vao khoang 0,3 0,4 m.
Chn chiu cao lp b l: 0,4m
Din tch y thung lc:
3,53
= 8,825 (m2)
0, 4

ng knh thng lc l: D =

4 8,825
3,35 (m)

Quy chun: D = 3,4m. Lp v bo n dy 100mm, ng knh ngoi ca thng l: Dng =


3,6m.
Np nn: h2 = 0,15D = 0,51m.

Din tch y lc thc t: S =

D 2 3, 42
=
= 9, 07 (m2)
4
4

Khi lng dch cn li sau ng ho: 15,8 tn


Th tch ring ca dch ng sau ng ho l:
15,8
= 14,91 (m3)
1, 06

Chiu cao ca lp dch lc trong ni:


hd =

14,91
Vd
=
= 1,64(m)
9, 07
S

Th tch s dng ca thng l 70%, chiu cao thn tr ca thng l:


Ht =

hd
1, 64
=
= 2,34 (m)
0, 7
0,7

y gi cch y tht 2cm, chiu cao thng phn thn tr ca thng l:


H = Ht + 0,02 = 2,34+ 0,02 = 2,36(m)
Th tch thc ca ni:
V=

D2
.3, 42
H =
2,36 = 21, 42(m3 ) .
4
4

H thng co b quay vi tc 16v/ph.


Li lc thit k cc khe hnh nm kch thc 0,5mm 70mm, din tch thot
dch trn tng din tch sn: 14%. Ca thot dch hnh cn vi gc m rng. Dao co b
c ch to bng ng thau.
* Ca x b c thit k c ng knh 30cm c ng m bng ng c
in. B x ra c vt ti y sang xylo cha.
6. Ni nu hoa
Dch sau nu hoa c th tch: 19,45 m3

Qu trnh un hoa th tch dch gim 5% do nc bay hi, th tch dch trc un
hoa:
19,45
= 20,47 (m3)
1 0,05

Th tch s dng ca ni l 70%, th tch ca ni cn t l:


20,47
= 29,24 (m3)
0,7

* Chn thit b un hoa l thit b thn hnh tr, y chm cu, np nn lm bng
thp khng g, c cc thng s nh sau: H = 0,6D; h1 = 0,2D; h2 = 0,15D.

h2

h1

Th tch ni:
V

Vtr

Vy

D 2
D 2

H +(
h1 + h13 )
4
8
6

D 2
D 2

0,6 D +
0,2 D + (0,2 D) 3 = 0,554D3
4
8
6

Ta c: 0,554D3 = 29,24 m3. Suy ra: D = 3,75m.


Quy chun: D = 3,8m.
V o hi v bo n dy 100mm, ng knh ngoi ca ni hoa: Dng = 4,0m, H =
2,28m; h1 = 0,76m; h2 = 0,57m.
Chiu cao phn 2 v: H2v = 0,8D = 3,04m.

Th tch thc ca ni:


V = 0,554D3 = 30,4m3.
Ngoi v o hi thit b cn c thit k thit b gia nhit trung tm kiu ng
chm tng cng qu trnh un si mnh lit dch ng.
Din tch trao i nhit 0,5m2/m3 dch, th tch dch trong ni hoa l 20,47 m3.
Tng din tch b mt trao i nhit:
F = 0,5.20,47 10,235 (m2)
7. Thng cha trung gian
Th tch dch trc un hoa l 20,47 m3. Th tch s dng ca ni l 90%, th tch
thng cn t l:
20,47
= 22,74 (m3)
0,9

* Chn thit b un hoa l thit b thn hnh tr, y chm cu, np nn lm bng
thp khng g, c cc thng s nh sau: H = 0,6D; h1 = 0,2D; h2 = 0,15D.

h2

h1

Th tch ni:

Vtr

Vy

D 2
D 2

H +(
h1 + h13 )
4
8
6

D 2
D 2

0,6 D +
0,2 D + (0,2 D) 3 = 0,554D3
4
8
6

Ta c: 0,554D3 = 22,74 m3. Suy ra: D = 3,45 m.


Quy chun: D = 3,5m. H = 2,1m; h1 = 0,7m; h2 = 0,52m.
V bo n dy 100mm, ng knh ngoi ca thng: Dng = 3,7m.
Th tch thc ca thng:
V = 0,554D3 = 0,554.3,53 = 23,75(m3).
8. Thng lng xoy
y bng hi nghing 3 - 5, thn tr H = 0,8D, np nn h2 = 0,15D.

h2

Th tch thng:
V=

D 2
H = 0,628D3
4

Th tch dch sau un hoa: 19,45 m3


H s y ca thng l 75%, th tch thng cn t l:
19,45
= 25,93 (m3)
0,75

Ta c: 0,628D3 = 25,93 m3. Suy ra: D = 3,45 m


Quy chun: D = 3,5m. H = 2,8m; h2 = 0,53m.
Thnh thng dy 5mm, ng knh ngoi thng: Dng = 3,51m
Th tch thc ca thng:
V = 0,628D3 = 0,628.3,53 = 26,93(m3).
9. Thit b lnh nhanh v sc kh
Dch ng lm lnh nhanh bng my lnh trao i nhit kiu tm bn. Vt liu
ch to thng l cc tm thp hp kim Cr-Ni mng. Thit b trao i nhit kiu ny bao
gm cc tm kim loi mng xp li vi nhau v gia chng l dch ng v tc nhn lnh
i ngc chiu nhau. m bo s trao i nhit tt nht cn :
dy ca tm kim loi phi mng 0,8 mm.
Cc np gp gia cc tm bn phi nh.
Lng dch ng em i lm lnh nhanh l : 18673 lt. Thi gian lm lnh l 60 pht.
Hiu sut lm lnh l 85%. Vy nng sut my lnh l:
N = 18673 : 0,85 = 21968 (lt/h)
Ta s dng my lnh 2 cp: Cp 1 vi tc nhn l nc thng.
Cp 2 vi tc nhn lnh l glycol.
Cp 1:
Nhit nc vo : 250C.
Nhit nc ra :450C.
Nhit dch vo: 900C.
Nhit dch ra : 600C.

Ban u,dch c nhit 900C i qua tc nhn lnh l nc c nhit 250C, sau qu
trnh trao i nhit v lm lnh th dch c nhit 600C v nc c nhit 450C. Vy lng
nhit cn l:
Q = G x C x ( t2 t1)
Trong : G : Khi lng dch lm lnh mt m nu :
G = 18673 x 1,048 = 19569,3 (kg)
C: T nhit ca dch. Tra s tay ta c C = 0,92 kcal/kg 0C.
t1 : nhit trc ca dch : 900C.
t2 : nhit sau qu trnh trao i : 600C.
Nh vy ta c:
Q = 19569,3 x 0,92 x ( 90 60 ) = 540112,8 (kcal)
Thi gian lm ngui bng nc l 30 pht. Vy lng nhit cp cho 1 gi l :
Q1 = 540112,8 x 60 : 30 = 1080225,6 ( kcal/h)

Tnh b mt truyn nhit


Q1
F=
K x t

Tnh K: H s dn nhit qua thnh. Chn K = 450 (kcal/m2h0C)


Tnh t
Thc cht hnh thc trao i nhit y l trao i nhit gin tip qua tm bn.
Ta c :

t1- t2
ttb =
2,3 x lg t1/t2
t1 : hiu s ln nht gia nhit nc v nhit khi dch
t1 = 90 45 = 45 (0C)
t2 : Hiu s nh nht gia nhit nc v nhit khi dch
t2 = 60 25 = 35 ( 0C)
Vy ta c :

45- 35
= 39,84 0C

ttb =

2,3 x lg 45/35
Tnh F
Din tch b mt truyn nhit :

Q1
F=

1080225,6
= 60,25 (m2)

=
k t

450 x 39,84

H s an ton 1,2 nn din tch truyn nhit thc l:


Ft = 60,25 x 1,2 = 72,3 (m2)
Din tch truyn nhit ca mi tm bn l

f = 0,2 x 0,55 = 0,11 (m2)


S tm bn l :
Nb = Ft : f = 72,3 : 0,11 = 657 ( tm )
Cp 2 : Tc nhn l glycol
Nhit glycol vo l : -80C.
Nhit glycol ra l : 20C.
Nhit dch vo l : 600C.
Nhit dch ra l : 140C.
Dch ng vo trong my lnh vi tc nhn lnh l glycol. Nhit trc khi vo my
lnh ca dch ng l 600C, nc c nhit : -80C.Ra khi my lnh nhit nc tng ln
20C.Lng nhit cn l :
Q = G x C x ( t2 t1)
G : Khi lng dch ca 1 m nu : 19569,3 (kg)
C: T nhit ca dch. Tra s tay ta c C = 0,92 kcal/kg 0C.
t1 : nhit trc ca dch : 600C.
t2 : nhit sau qu trnh trao i : 140C.
Nh vy ta c:
Q = 19569,3 x 0,92 x (60 14 ) = 828173 (kcal)
Thi gian lm ngui bng glycol l 45 pht. Vy lng nhit cp cho 1 gi l :
Q1 = 828173 x 60 : 45 = 1104230 ( kcal/h)

Tnh b mt truyn nhit


Q1

F=
K x t
Tnh K :H s dn nhit qua thnh. Chn K =1200 (kcal/m2h0C)
Tnh t
Thc cht hnh thc trao i nhit y l trao i nhit gin tip qua tm bn.
t1- t2
Ta c ttb =
2,3 x lg t1/t2
t1 : hiu s ln nht gia nhit nc v nhit khi dch
t1 = 60 2 = 58 (0C)
t2 : Hiu s nh nht gia nhit nc v nhit khi dch
t2 = 14- (-8) = 22 ( 0C)
Vy ta c :

58- 22
= 37,18 0C

Ta c ttb =
2,3 x lg 58/22

Tnh F
Din tch b mt truyn nhit :

Q1

1104230

F=

= 24,75 (m2)

=
k t

1200 x 37,18

H s an ton 1,2 nn din tch truyn nhit thc l:


Ft = 24,75 x 1,2 = 29,7 (m2)
Din tch truyn nhit ca mi tm bn l
f = 0,2 x 0,55 = 0,11 (m2)
S tm bn l :
Nb = Ft : f = 29,7 : 0,11 = 270 ( tm )
Vy, ta chn my lm lnh nhanh 2 cp kiu tm bn :
Cp 1 lm lnh bng tc nhn nc thng gm 657 tm.
Cp 2 lm lnh bng tc nhn glycol gm 270 tm.
Kch thc my: di 2000mm, rng 700mm, cao 1600mm
10. Thng nc nng
Chn thng cha nc nng v nc lnh c th tch nh nhau, thng thn tr H
= 1,5D, y bng, np chm cu nh ln: h2 = 0,1D.
Th tch thng l:
D 2
D 2
H =
1,5 D = 1,178D3
4
4

Mt m nu bia chai lng nc s dng l:


Nc nu cho: 3,55 (m3)
Nc ng ho: 11,9 (m3)
Nc ra b: 5,24 (m3)
Nc v sinh khong 8% th tch ni ln nht l ni hoa:

0,08. 30,4 = 2,43 (m3)


Tng cng lng nc cn dng trong mt m nu bia chai l:
3,55 + 11,9 + 5,24 + 2,43 = 23,12 (m3)

*Vi bia hi lng nc s dng l:


Nc nu cho: 2,94 (m3)
Nc ng ho: 8,34 (m3)
Nc ra b: 9,63 (m3)
Nc v sinh: 2,43 m3
Tng cng lng nc cn dng trong mt m nu bia hi l:

2,94 + 8,34 + 9,63 + 2,43 = 23,34 (m3)


Nh vy lng nc cn s dng cho mt m nu ln nht l 23,34 m3 tnh theo
bia hi. Ta ly mi thng cha lng nc dng cho 2 m nu, tc l cha c:
2 23,34 = 46,68 (m3)
Th tch cha ca thng 85%, th tch thng cn t:
46,68
= 54,92 (m3)
0,85

Ta c: 1,178D3 = 54,92m3 Suy ra: D = 3,6m.


Quy chun: D = 3,8m. H = 5,7m; h2 = 0,38m.
Th tch thc ca thng:
V = 1,178D3 = 1,178.3,83 = 64,6(m3).
thng nc nng, nc c un nng ti nhit 85C bng hi nc bo
ho cp qua ng ng xon rut g.
Lp v bo n dy 100mm. ng knh ngoi thng: Dng = 4,0m.

11. H thng cip nu


H thng CIP nu gm:
1 thng NaOH 2% nng
1 thng nc clo 10%
1thng HNO3 0,1%
Chn thng CIP lm bng thp khng g, thn tr H = 1,5D, y cu: h1 = 0,1D,
np cu h2 = 0,1D.

Th tch mi thng:
D 2 h1 h13
D 2
D 2
D 2 0,1D (0,1D) 3
H +(
+
) =
1,5 D +
+
V=
= 1,218D3
4
8
6
4
8
6

Lng CIP ra thng bng 5 8% th tch thng. Ta tnh cho thng nu hoa l
thng c th tch ln nht 30,4m3, th tch s dng ca thng l 80% th th tch cc thng
CIP cn t:
0,08.30,4/0,8 = 3,04(m3).
Ta c: 1,218D3 = 3,04(m3). Suy ra: D = 1,36(m).
Quy chun: D = 1,4m. H = 2,1m; h1 = 0,14m; h2 = 0,14m.
Th tch thc ca mi thng:
V = 1,218D3 = 1,218.1,43 = 3,34(m3)
Cc thng c thnh dy 5mm, ng knh ngoi ca cc thng: Dng = 1,41m

II. Tnh v chn thit b cho phn xng ln men


1. Tank ln men
Chn tank ln men l thit b thn tr ng knh D, y cn gc cn y l
60, np cu h4 = 0,1D. Phn tr trng khng cha dch c chiu cao h3, phn tr cha dch
c chiu cao h2 = 1,5D, phn y cn c chiu cao h1 = 0,744D

h4
h3

D
h2

h1

Th tch hu ch ca thit b l:
h
D 2
D 2
0,866 D
( h2 + 1 ) =
(1,5D +
) = 1,405D3
Vhi =
4
3
4
3

Ly th tch phn trng ca thit b chim 15% tng th tch c th cha ca


thng, ta c:
Vtr =

15
D 2
Vhi = 0,248 D3
h3 =
85
4

Suy ra: h3 = 0,316D


Tng th tch ca thit b l: V = 1,653D3

ng vi mt m nu th tch dch a i ln men l: 18,2 m3


Ta s dng thng ln men c th cha c lng dch ng vi 6 m nu, tc l
c th tch hu ch t:
6. 18,2 = 109,2 (m3)
Ta c: 1,405D3 = 109,2 (m3) Suy ra: D = 4,27 (m)
Quy chun: D = 4,3 m; h1 = 3,2m; h2 = 6,45m; h3 = 1,36m; h4 = 0,43m
Th tch thc ca thit b l:
V = 1,653D3 = 1,653.4,33 = 131,42(m3)
Tank ln men c lp o lnh v cch nhit dy 100mm, ng knh ngoi ca
tank l: Dng = 4,5m
Mt ngy nu lng dch ng c cha vo 1 tank ln men, chu k ln men
ko di 21 ngy i vi sn phm bia chai. Bn cnh cn cn thi gian khong 1 ngy
lc dch ng, v sinh tank Do s tank cng s dng l 22 tank, cng vi 2 tank
d tr th s tank ln men cn l 24 tank.
2. Thit b nhn ging cp II
Chn thit b nhn ging cp II l thit b thn tr ng knh D, y cn gc cn
y l 60, np cu nh ln h4 = 0,1D. Phn tr trng khng cha dch c chiu cao h 3,
phn tr cha dch c chiu cao h2 = D, phn y cn c chiu cao h1 = 0,866D
Th tch hu ch ca thit b l:
h1
D 2
D 2
0,866 D
( h2 + ) =
(D +
) = 1,012D3
Vhi =
4
3
4
3

Ly th tch phn trng ca thit b bng 1/5 th tch hu ch ca thit b, ta c:


Vtr =

D 2
h3 = 0,2Vhi
4

Suy ra: h3 = 0,258D

Tng th tch ca thit b l: V = 1,215D3


Th tch hu ch ca thit b bng 1/10 th tch dch ln men trong 1 tank ln
men:
0,1.109,2 = 10,92(m3)
Ta c: Vhi = 1,012D3 = 10,92 (m3) Suy ra: D = 2,2(m)
Quy chun: D = 2,2m; h1 =1,91m ; h2 = 2,2m; h3 = 0,57m; h4 = 0,22m
Th tch thc ca thit b l:
V = 1,215D3 = 1,215.2,23 = 12,9(m3)
Thng nhn ging c v o lnh v cch nhit dy 100mm, ng knh ngoi ca
thit b l: Dng = 2,4m.
3. Thit b nhn ging cp I
Chn thit b nhn ging cp I l thit b thn tr ng knh D, y cn gc cn
y l 60, np cu nh ln h4 = 0,1D. Phn tr trng khng cha dch c chiu cao h 3,
phn tr cha dch c chiu cao h2 = D, phn y cn c chiu cao h1 = 0,866D
Th tch hu ch ca thit b l:
h
D 2
D 2
0,866 D
( h2 + 1 ) =
(D +
) = 1,012D3
4
3
4
3

Vhi =

Ly th tch phn trng ca thit b bng 1/5 th tch hu ch ca thit b, ta c:


Vtr =

D 2
h3 = 0,2Vhi
4

Suy ra: h3 = 0,258D


Tng th tch ca thit b l: V = 1,215D3
Th tch hu ch ca thit b bng 1/3 th tch dch nhn men cp II:
10,92/3 = 3,64 (m3)

Ta c: 1,012D3 = 3,64(m3) Suy ra: D = 1,53(m)


Quy chun: D = 1,6m; h1 = 1,39m; h2 = 1,6m; h3 = 0,41m; h4 = 0,16m
Th tch thc ca thit b:
V = 1,215D3 = 1,215.1,63 =5,0(m3)
Thit b c v o lnh v cch nhit dy 100mm, ng kinh ngoi ca thit b l:
Dng = 1,8m.
4. Thit b ra men sa kt lng
Chn thit b ra men l thit b thn tr ng knh D, y cn gc cn y l
60, np cu nh ln h4 = 0,1D. Phn tr trng khng cha dch c chiu cao h3, phn tr
cha dch c chiu cao h2 = 1,2D, phn y cn c chiu cao h1 = 0,866D
Th tch hu ch ca thit b l:
h
D 2
D 2
0,866 D
( h2 + 1 ) =
(1,2 D +
) = 1,169D3
4
3
4
3

Vhi =

Ly th tch phn trng ca thit b bng 1/4 th tch hu ch ca thit b, ta c:


Vtr =

D 2
h3 = 0,25Vhi
4

Suy ra: h3 = 0,372D


Tng th tch ca thit b l: V = 1,462D3
Lng sa men kt lng ng vi 100l bia l 2l, vi 1 tank ln men c th tch
dch l 109,2m3 th th tch sa men kt lng l:
109200
2 = 2184 (l)
100

Th tch hu ch ca thit b ra men phi gp 2 ln th tch men thu hi, tc l


khong:
2 . 2184 = 4368 (l)

Ta c: 1,169D3 = 4,368(m3) Suy ra: D = 1,55(m)


Quy chun: D = 1,6m; h1 = 1,39m; h2 = 1,92m; h3 = 0,60m; h4 = 0,16m
Th tch thc ca thit b:
V = 1,462D3 = 1,462.1,63 = 6,0(m3)
Thit b c v o lnh v cch nhit dy 100mm, ng knh ngoi ca thit b l:
Dng = 1,8m.
5. Thit b hot ho men
Chn thit b hot ho men l thit b thn tr ng knh D, y cn gc cn
y l 60, np cu nh ln h4 = 0,1D. Phn tr trng khng cha dch c chiu cao h3,
phn tr cha dch c chiu cao h2 = 1,2D, phn y cn c chiu cao h1 = 0,866D
Th tch hu ch ca thit b l:
h
D 2
D 2
0,866 D
( h2 + 1 ) =
(1,2 D +
) = 1,169D3
4
3
4
3

Vhi =

Ly th tch phn trng ca thit b bng 1/4 th tch hu ch ca thit b, ta c:


Vtr =

D 2
h3 = 0,25Vhi
4

Suy ra: h3 = 0,372D


Tng th tch ca thit b l: V = 1,462D3
Thit b phi cha c lng dch bng 1/100 th tch dch ln men ng vi 1
tank ln men:
0,01.109,02 = 1,09 (m3)
Ta c: 1,169D3 = 1,09(m3) Suy ra: D = 0,98 (m)
Quy chun: D = 1m; h1 = 0,87m; h2 = 1,2m; h3 = 0,37m; h4 = 0,1m
Th tch thc ca thit b l:

V = 1,462D3 = 1,462.13 = 1,5(m3)


Thit b c v o lnh v cch nhit dy 100mm, ng knh ngoi ca thit b l:
Dng = 1,2m
6. H thng cip lnh:
H thng CIP lnh gm:
1 thng NaOH 2%
1 thng Trimeta HC 2%
1 thng P3 oxonia 0,5%.
Chn thng CIP lm bng thp khng g, thn tr H = 1,5D, y cu: h1 = 0,1D,
np cu h2 = 0,1D.
Th tch mi thng:
V=

D 2 h1 h13
D 2
D 2
D 2 0,1D (0,1D) 3
H +(
+
) =
1,5 D +
+
= 1,218D3
4
8
6
4
8
6

Lng CIP ra thng bng 5-8% th tch thng. Ta tnh cho 1 tank ln men c
th tch 131,42 (m3), h s s dng ca cc thng CIP l 80% th th tch mi thng cn
t:
0,08.131,42/0,8 = 13,14(m3)
Ta c: 1,218D3 = 13,14(m3) Suy ra: D = 2,2(m)
Quy chun: D = 2,2m; H = 3,3m; h1 = 0,22m; h2 = 0,22m
Th tch thc ca mi thng:
V = 1,218D3 = 1,218.2,23 = 13,0(m3)
Cc thng c thnh dy 5mm, ng knh ngoi ca cc thng: Dng = 2,21m
III. Tnh v chn thit b cho phn xng hon thin
1. Thit b lc trong bia
Nng sut dy chuyn c tnh :

100000 : 24 = 4167 (l/h) ~ 41,7hl/h


Chn my lc khung bn c cng sut 50 hl/h, ch to theo tiu chun EU.
Yu cu k thut :
+ Nng sut lc : 50 hl/h
+ My 1 cp lc : lc tinh
+ Kch thc my lc : L x H x B = 4500 x 1450 x 1350 mm
+ Kch thc tm lc : L x n x B = 13 x 990 x 990 mm
Phn thn my c lm bng thp khng r v ph kn bng mt li thp khng
r. Cc tm lc c nn bng xi lanh thy lc, cc tm lc c ch to bng thp khng
r loi 14301
Cc chi tit ni : u c lm bng thp khng r theo tiu chun D.I.N
u vo my lc c van cnh bm, u ra my lc c knh quan st
2. Thng tng tr v bo ho CO2
tng tr, bo ho CO2 v n nh bia sau lc ta s dng 4 thng cha thn tr
ng knh D, y cu: h1 = 0,1D, np cu: h2 = 0,1D, chiu cao thn tr: H = 1,5D.
Th tch ca thit b:
D 2 h1 h13
D 2
D 2
D 2 0,1D (0,1D) 3
H +(
+
) =
1,5 D +
+
V=
= 1,218D3
4
8
6
4
8
6

Th tch hu ch ca thit b chim 85% tng th tch ca thit b:


Vhi = 0,85V = 1,035D3
Lng bia sau lc ng vi mt tank ln men cng chnh l ng vi mt ngy nu
l: 103,8 (m3), do mi tank tng tr phi cha c:
103,8/4 = 25,95 (m3).
Ta c: Vhi = 1,035D3 = 25,95(m3) Suy ra: D = 2,93(m)
Quy chun: D = 3,0m; h1 = 0,3m; h2 = 0,3m; H = 4,5m

Th tch thc ca thit b:


V = 1,218D3 = 1,218.3,03 = 32,9(m3)
Thit b c v o lnh v cch nhit dy 100mm, ng knh ngoi ca thit b:
Dng = 3,2m
3. H thng chit bock
Lng bia hi ln nht mt ngy sn xut l: 100 000(l)
Chn bock c dung tch 50(l) th s bock s dng trong ngy l:
100000/50 = 2000(bock)
* My ra bock:
Ngy lm vic 12h, h s s dng my l 0,8 th nng sut ca my ra bock cn
t:
2000
= 209(bock/h)
12 0,8

Chn my ra bock c thng s k thut:


Nng sut: 215 bock/h
Kch thc: 1,5m 2,2m 2,1m
Nhit nc nng: 50 55C
Tn hao nc nng: 6 m3/h 0,4 at
Tn hao nc ngui: 2 m3/h 0,4 at

Cng sut ng c: 2,5 kW

* My chit bock:
Ngy lm vic 12h, h s s dng my l 0,8 th nng sut my chit bock cn
t:
100000
= 10417(l/h)
12 0,8

Chn my chit bock thng s k thut:


Nng sut 11000 l/h
Kch thc my: 4,15m 1,6m 3,85m
S vi chit: 3
Khong cch gia 2 vi: 1,4m
Cng sut: 0,8 kW
p sut d: 0,7 at
4. H thng chit chai
Lng bia chai ln nht mt ngy sn xut l 100 000(l)
Chn chai c dung tch 450ml th s chai cn dng mt ngy l:
100000
= 222223(chai)
0,45

Ngy lm vic 24h, h s s dng my l 0,8 th nng sut my cn t:


222223
= 11575(chai/h)
24 0,8

* My ra chai
Chn my ra chai c thng s k thut:
Nng sut: 15000 chai/h
Kch thc: 6,5m 3,44m 2,8m

Th tch b cha kim: 8m3

ng knh van xi kim: 35mm


Chu k mt vng: 12,9 pht
Thi gian ngh: 1,9 pht
S bm: 2 chic

Nng sut bm: 10 m3/h

Cng sut ng c: 7 kW

* My chit chai
Chn my chit chai c thng s k thut:
Nng sut: 15000 chai/h
Kch thc: 3,3m 3m 3,2m
p sut kh nn: 2,5 bar
p sut nc cp ca bm cao p: 1 2 bar

p sut CO2 vo: 2,5 3 bar

chn khng: 0,85 0,97 bar


* My dp nt chai.
Nng sut ca my dp nt chai ph thuc vo nng sut ca my chit chai, bi
vy ta chn my dp nt Y6 c cc thng s sau:
Nng sut :

15000 np chai/h

S ng ng cng 1 lc :

15 ng

p sut kh :

2,5kg/cm2

Cng sut ng c :

4,5Kw

S vng quay trc dn ng

550vng/pht

p lc ng nt

60kg/cm2

Kch thc :

3500 x 2000 x 1800 mm

S lng my :

1 chic

* Thit b thanh trng :


Chn thit b thanh trng l hm thanh trng (tunel) c thng s k thut:
Nng sut: 15000 chai/h

Kch thc 18m 2,7m 2,2m


Cng sut lp t 4,1 kW, s dng in p 3 pha: 400V, 50Hz
p sut kh nn: 6 7 bar, 150 l/ph

Hi 3 4 bar, 6 8 m3/h

Ting n: < 70db


Thng s hot ng:
Tc bng ti chnh: 0,339 m/ph
Nhit u vo: 4C
Nhit nc cp: 18C
Nhit nc u ra: 25 36C
Chu k chai vo ra khi my l: 62 pht
Chu k hot ng: 60 pht (Trong thi gian gia nhit 27 pht, gi nhit 10 pht,
h nhit 23 pht).
Hm thanh trng c 8 khoang, mi khoang phun nc nng mt nhit khc
nhau.
Gia nhit 419C bng nc 28C
Gia nhit 1933C bng nc 42C
Gia nhit 3347C bng nc 48C
Gia nhit 4764C bng nc 64C
Gi nhit 64C bng nc 68C
H nhit 6459C bng nc 62C
H nhit 5949C bng nc 40C
H nhit 4936C bng nc 32C

* My dn nhn
Chn my dn nhn c thng s k thut:
Nng sut: 15000 chai/h
Kch thc my: 3,56m 1,2m 1,5m
Tc quay: 15 v/ph
Cng sut ng c: 0,8 kW

Trng lng my: 300 kg


S dng keo Krones hay Eticol 6300
* My bn ch
Chn my bn ch c thit b cm bin, iu khin t ng
* My xp kt
Chn my xp kt
Mt kt cha c 20 chai, my xp kt cn t nng sut:
11575
= 579(kt/h)
20

Chn my xp kt c thng s k thut:


Nng sut: 1000 kt/h
Kch thc my: 1,5m 1m 2,5m
* My ra kt
Chn my ra kt c thng s k thut:
Nng sut: 1000 kt/h
Kch thc my: 4m 0,7m 1,5m
* Cc thit k v trang b ph tr:
Cc ni nu, tank, thng cha u c thit k cc ng ng vo ra, qu cu
CIP, ca quan st, v sinh, cp ho cht. Cc thit b c v o hi c trang b ng h
o p sut hi, cm bin o nhit nu. Cc tank ln men, nhn men c trang b
ng h o p lc CO2, cm bin o nhit .
Cc thit b c kch thc v khi lng khng qu ln c thit k cc chn
bng thp, cc thit b c kch thc v khi lng ln nh tank ln men, thng cha
nc c t trn b b tng. Cc v tr thao tc trn cao c thit k sn thao tc thp
hn khong 75cm, c cu thang ln xung thun tin trong qu trnh sn xut.

Ngoi ra cc ni nu cn c thit k ng hi c ng knh 30cm bng khong


1/10 ng knh cc ni nu, thit k ny nhm mc ch to dng hi bc ln mnh
trnh s nhim tp c bit l trong giai on lng xoy.
Cc thng ra men, hot ho men, nhn men cn c trang b cnh khuy nhiu
tng, thng ra men c trang b cn in t.
Dy chuyn chit chai c thit k h thng xch ti vn chuyn chai c trang b
h thng phun nc bi trn, t trn cc chn c mng hng nc.

Phn V: Tnh ton v thit k v xy dng ca nh my

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