Ban Do An Chinh Thai

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Thit k nh my bia nng sut 45riu lt/nm
Mc lc
Trang
Mc lc......................................................................................................................................1
Li ni u..................................................................................................................................5
Phn I: TNG QUAN................................................................................................................6
I. Tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th bia ti Vit Nam v trn th gii.......................................6
II. La chn loi bia sn xut, a im xy dng, vng nguyn liu v th trng............7
1.La chn loi bia sn xut...............................................................................................7
2. La chn a im xy dng nh my...........................................................................7
3. Vng nguyn liu............................................................................................................8
4. Vng tiu th sn phm..................................................................................................8
5. Ngun cung cp in, nc, lnh...................................................................................8
6. Ngun cung cp nhin liu.............................................................................................8
7. Ngun nhn lc..............................................................................................................9
8. Giao thng vn ti..........................................................................................................9
Phn II: La chn phng php sn xut v dy chuyn cng ngh.....................................10
I. Chn nguyn liu...............................................................................................................10
1. Malt i mch...............................................................................................................10
2. Go................................................................................................................................11
3. Hoa houblon..................................................................................................................11
4. Nc.............................................................................................................................12
5. Nguyn liu ph tr khc.............................................................................................13
II. Chn phng php nu....................................................................................................14
1. Nghin nguyn liu.......................................................................................................14
2. H ho v ng ho...................................................................................................15
3. Lc dch ng.............................................................................................................15
4. Nu hoa.........................................................................................................................16
5. Lng trong v lm lnh dch ng houblon ho........................................................16
III. Chn chng nm men v phng php ln men............................................................18
2. Ln men sn phm bia chai..........................................................................................18
3. Ln men sn phm bia hi...........................................................................................19
IV. Thuyt minh dy chuyn sn xut..................................................................................20
1. Nghin nguyn liu.......................................................................................................21
a. Nghin malt...................................................................................................................21
b. Nghin go....................................................................................................................21
2. Qu trnh h ho v ng ho....................................................................................21
a. H ho...........................................................................................................................21
b. ng ho....................................................................................................................22
3. Lc dch ng.............................................................................................................23
4. Nu hoa.........................................................................................................................24
5. Lng xoy.....................................................................................................................24
6. Lnh nhanh...................................................................................................................25
7. Bo ho O2 vo dch ln men......................................................................................25
8. Cp nm men v tin hnh ln men.............................................................................25
9. Lc bia..........................................................................................................................26
10. Tng tr v n nh tnh cht ca bia thnh phm....................................................27
11. Hon thin sn phm..................................................................................................27
Phm Hng Thi _CNSH B-K48
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V. Quy trnh cng ngh x l nc cp, nc thi..............................................................28

1. X l nc cp.............................................................................................................28
2. X l nc thi.............................................................................................................28
Phn III: Lp k hoch sn xut v tnh cn bng sn phm...................................................30
A. Lp k hoch sn xut.....................................................................................................30
B. Tnh cn bng sn phm..................................................................................................31
I. Tnh cn bng sn phm cho 1000l bia chai.....................................................................31
1. Tnh lng go v lng malt......................................................................................31
2. Lng b go v b malt..............................................................................................32
3. Lng nc dng trong nu v ra b.........................................................................33
4. Lng hoa houblon s dng........................................................................................34
5. Cc nguyn liu khc....................................................................................................34
II. Tnh cn bng sn phm cho 1000l bia hi.....................................................................39
1. Tnh lng go v lng malt......................................................................................39
2. Lng b go v b malt..............................................................................................39
3. Lng nc dng trong nu v ra b.........................................................................40
4. Lng hoa houblon s dng........................................................................................41
5. Cc nguyn liu khc....................................................................................................42
III. Ho cht v sinh:............................................................................................................46
1. Ha cht v sinh cc ni nu:.......................................................................................46
2. Ha cht v sinh cc thit b ln men, tng tr bia:.....................................................46
Phn IV: Tnh v chn thit b.................................................................................................48
I. Tnh v chn thit b cho phn xng nu.......................................................................48
1. Cn, gu ti...................................................................................................................48
2. My nghin...................................................................................................................48
3. Ni h ho.....................................................................................................................48
4. Ni ng ho..............................................................................................................49
5. Thng lc y bng......................................................................................................50
6. Ni nu hoa...................................................................................................................52
7. Thng lng xoy...........................................................................................................53
8. Thit b lnh nhanh v sc kh.....................................................................................53
9. Thng nc nu............................................................................................................54
10. H thng cip nu.........................................................................................................54
II. Tnh v chn thit b cho phn xng ln men...............................................................56
1. Tank ln men................................................................................................................56
2. Thit b nhn ging cp II............................................................................................57
3. Thit b nhn ging cp I..............................................................................................57
4. Thit b ra men sa kt lng.......................................................................................58
5. Thit b hot ho men...................................................................................................58
6. H thng cip lnh:........................................................................................................59
7. Thng tng tr v bo ho CO2...................................................................................59
III. Tnh v chn thit b cho phn xng hon thin..........................................................61
1. Thit b lc trong bia....................................................................................................61
2. Thng tng tr v bo ho CO2...................................................................................61
3. H thng chit bock......................................................................................................61
4. H thng chit chai.......................................................................................................62
Phn V: Tnh ton nhu cu nng lng, nhu cu nc ca nh my......................................65
I. Tnh nhit lnh...................................................................................................................65
1. Lng nhit lnh cn cp cho thit b lnh nhanh.......................................................65
2. Lng nhit lnh cp cho khu tank ln men................................................................65
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a. Lng nhit lnh cn cung cp trong giai on ln men chnh...................................65

b. Lng nhit lnh cn cp h nhit dch.............................................................66
c. Lng nhit lnh cn cung cp trong giai on ln men ph:.....................................67
3. Lng nhit lnh cp cho h thng cp men ging.....................................................67
a. Lng nhit lnh cn cp ti s dng men kt lng...............................................67
b. Lng nhit lnh cn cp nhn men.......................................................................69
4. Lng nhit lnh cp cho phn xng hon thin......................................................70
5. H thng lnh................................................................................................................71
II. Tnh hi............................................................................................................................73
1. Lng hi cp cho ni h ho......................................................................................73
2. Lng hi cp cho ni ng ho...............................................................................74
3. Lng hi cp cho ni nu hoa....................................................................................75
4. Lng hi cp cho thit b un nng nc..................................................................75
5. Lng hi cp cho phn xng hon thin.................................................................76
6. Lng nhin liu cho ni hi.......................................................................................76
III. Tnh nc........................................................................................................................78
1. Lng nc dng cho phn xng nu.......................................................................78
2. Lng nc dng cho phn xng ln men................................................................78
3. Lng nc dng cho phn xng hon thin............................................................78
4. Lng nc dng cho cc hot ng khc ca nh my.............................................78
IV. Tnh in.........................................................................................................................80
1. Ph ti chiu sng.........................................................................................................80
2. Ph ti sn xut.............................................................................................................82
3. Xc nh cc thng s ca h thng in.....................................................................83
4. Tnh in nng tiu th hng nm................................................................................83
a. in nng thp sng hng nm.....................................................................................83
b. in nng tiu th cho sn xut hng nm..................................................................83
c. in nng tiu th c nm............................................................................................84
Phn VI: Tnh ton v thit k v xy dng ca nh my.......................................................85
I. Phn tch v la chn a im xy dng.........................................................................85
II. Tnh ton cc hng mc cng trnh................................................................................86
2. Kho tng........................................................................................................................87
a. Kho cha nguyn liu...................................................................................................87
b. Kho cha thnh phm...................................................................................................87
3. Cc phn xng ph tr sn xut.................................................................................88
a. Trm bin p.................................................................................................................88
b. Xng c in..............................................................................................................88
c. Nh t h thng lnh, h thng thu hi CO2 v cp kh nn.....................................88
d. Phn xng hi.............................................................................................................88
e. Khu x l nc cp......................................................................................................89
g. Khu x l nc thi......................................................................................................89
h. Bi v chai....................................................................................................................89
4. Cc cng trnh khc......................................................................................................89
a. Nh hnh chnh.............................................................................................................89
b. Nh gii thiu sn phm...............................................................................................90
c. Hi trng.....................................................................................................................90
d. Nh n, cng tin............................................................................................................90
e. Gara t........................................................................................................................90
g. Nh xe ca nhn vin...............................................................................................90
h. Phng bo v................................................................................................................90
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i. Nh v sinh....................................................................................................................90
III. B tr cc hng mc cng trnh......................................................................................93
IV. Tnh ton v nh gi cc thng s xy dng................................................................94
V. Thit k phn xng sn xut chnh...............................................................................95
1. c im v cch b tr cc thit b trong phn xng sn xut chnh......................95
2. Thit k xy dng phn xng sn xut chnh............................................................95
PHN VII. TNH KINH T....................................................................................................97
I. Mc ch v ngha..........................................................................................................97
II. Ni dung tnh ton............................................................................................................97
Phn VIII: V SINH AN TON LAO NG.....................................................................111
I. V sinh.............................................................................................................................111
1. V sinh c nhn...........................................................................................................111
2. V sinh thit b nh xng.........................................................................................111
II. An ton lao ng............................................................................................................112
1. Chng kh c trong nh my....................................................................................112
2. Chng n v rung ng..............................................................................................112
3. An ton khi vn hnh thit b....................................................................................112
4. An ton v in...........................................................................................................113
5. Phng chy cha chy................................................................................................113
Kt lun...................................................................................................................................114
Ti liu tham kho chnh........................................................................................................116
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Li ni u
Bia l mt loi ung c cn thp giu cht dinh dng c hng thm
c trng,v ng du lp bt trng mn vi hm lng CO2 (4-5g/l) ngoi vic cung
cp mt lng calori kh ln trong bia cn cha h enzyme kh phong ph,c bit l
nhm enzyme kch thch tiu ha amylaza gip con ngi gii kht mt cch trit
khi ung .V vy bia l loi ung hin rt c a chung nc ta cng nh
trn th gii. c sn xut t cc nguyn liu chnh l malt i mch, hoa hublon...
bia em li gi tr dinh dng, mt lt bia cung cp 400 450kcal, bia c kh nng
kch thch tiu ho, gip c th kho mnh khi dng vi liu lng thch hp v c
bit cn c tc dng lm gim nhanh cn kht ca ngi ung nh c tnh bo ho
CO2.
Vit Nam, bia xut hin cha lu lm (ch khong 100 nm), ngnh cng
nghip sn xut bia vn cn rt nhiu tim nng pht trin. Trong nhng nm gn
y, nhu cu s dng bia nc ta ngy cng tng. Rt nhiu nh my cng nh c
s sn xut bia c thnh lp trn khp c nc nhng vn cha p ng ht c
nhu cu th trng c v cht lng cng nh s lng. Hn na bia l mt ngnh
cng nghip c nhiu ng gp to ln cho ngnh kinh t quc dn v n l ngnh sn
xut em li li nhun cao, kh nng thu hi vn nhanh, v l ngun thu quan trng
cho ngn sch quc gia.
Xut pht t nhu cu thc t, mc tiu ra v li ch ca vic pht trin cng
ngh sn xut bia nn vic xy dng thm cc nh my bia vi c cu t chc cht
ch cng cc thit b cng ngh hin i cung cp cho ngi tiu dng cc loi bia
c cht lng cao, gi thnh ph hp l v cng cn thit.
Hin nay c rt nhiu loi bia khc nhau nh bia vng, bia en,bia ,bia nng
cn cao ,thptrong cc loai bia trn phn thnh bia chai,bia lon,bia hi vi
nhng c im, hng v khc nhau nhm tha mn nhu cu ca nhn dn. nc
ta bia vng c s dng nhiu hn c.
Trong bn n ny em trnh by thit k nh my bia nng sut 45triu
lt/nm .Trong 70% l bia chai v 30% l bia hi vi lng go
thay th l 20%.y l nh my c nng sut trung bnh nu c trang b v t chc
tt s c kh nng pht trin tt v c kh nng m rng quy m sn sut.
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Phn I: TNG QUAN

I. Tnh hnh sn xut v tiu th bia ti Vit Nam v trn th
gii
Trong cc loi ung gii kht hin nay bia rt c a chung, c ph
bin rng ri trn th gii v sn lng tiu th ln v ngy cng tng. cc nc
pht trin nh c, an Mch, M... ngnh cng nghip sn xut bia rt pht trin,
sn lng bia ca c, M t trn 10 t lt/nm. Cng ngh sn xut bia cng
nh sn phm bia ca cc nc ny thm nhp vo thm nhp vo th trng ca
rt nhiu nc trn th gii trong c c Vit Nam. Mc tiu th bia bnh qun
cc nc ny kh cao khong 100 lt/ngi/nm.
Bia xm nhp vo nc ta sau thi k Php xm lc nm 1858. Nh my bia u
tin c xy dng Vit Nam do mt ngi ch t bn Php xy dng H Ni
nm 1890. Bia c sn xut lc nhm p ng nhu cu ca qun i v kiu dn
Php Vit Nam. C th ni c rng min Bc nc ta n nm 1990 ch c nh
my bia ln l nh my bia H Ni. T sau nm 1990 th sn xut bia bt u pht
trin nhanh v mnh. ngnh bia Vit nam c nhng bc nhy vt. Vi c ch
mi, ngnh sn xut v kinh doanh bia c nhiu nhng thun li v c hi pht
trin.Hin nay cc nh my bia xut hin hu khp cc tnh trong c nc, sn
lng ca cc nh my cng ngy cng tng. Hin nay tng nng sut ca cc nh
my bia trong c nc ln ti trn 1,7 ti lt/nm nh my bia H Ni t trn 100
triu lt/nm v ang tip tc tng nng sut ti 200 triu lt/nm vo nm 2010, nng
sut ca nh my bia Si Gn t trn 350 triu lt/nm v d kin s l 780 triu
lt/nm vo nm 2010. Bn cnh rt nhiu thng hiu bia ngoi xut hin
nc ta nh Tiger, Heineken... Mc tiu th bia bnh qun Vit Nam hin cn thp
khong 20 lt/ngi/nm v s ha hn nhiu tim nng ngnh sn xut bia pht
trin.
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II. La chn loi bia sn xut, a im xy dng, vng nguyn

liu v th trng
1.La chn loi bia sn xut
Hin nay Vit Nam lng bia vng c tiu th mnh nht.Do em la
chn em la chn loi bia vng vi 70% l bia chai v 30% l bia hi vi 20% lng
go thay th.y l lai bia c cht lng kh cao c th dng xut khu nu p
ng c nhng yu cu k thut t ra .
Sn phm bia sn xut ra phi m bo t c cc tiu chun sau:
* Cc ch tiu cm quan:
- bt: Khi rt bia ra cc, bia phi c bt trng mn, t y cc lun c cc bt kh
li ti ni dn ln b mt. Chiu cao lp bt > 2cm, thi gian gi bt 5 15 pht.
- Mi v v: Bia phi c ng c trng v hng thm du nh ca hoa houblon,
khng qu nht, khng c mi v l.
- Mu sc v trong: Bia phi c mu vng rm sng ng nh, trong sut, khng
c c cn hay vn c.
* Cc ch tiu ho hc:
- cn: 4,6 0,2
- Hm lng ng st: 1 2%
- Hm lng CO2: 4,5 5 g/l
- Hm lng diacetyl: 0,2 mg/l
- Cht khong: 0,14 0,38%
- m tng: 3,5 5 g/l
- Este: 15 50 mg/l
- Aldehyt: 10 15 mg/l
2. La chn a im xy dng nh my
a im c la chn cn p ng c yu cu sau:
- Ph hp vi qui hoch chung ca tnh, thnh ph.
- Gn ngun cung cp nguyn liu v th trng tiu th sn phm.
- Thun tin v mt giao thng.
- m bo cc ngun in, nc, nhin liu.
- Ngun nhn lc khng qu khan him.
Da vo nhng yu cu trn em chn a im xy dng nh my nm trong
khu cng nghip Khnh An, thuc huyn Yn khnh, tnh Ninh Bnh. y l mt khu
cng nghip mi c thnh ph quy hoch xy dng cc nh my thc phm c
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din tch rng v ang tip tc c pht trin, c nhiu tim nng pht trin kinh
t x hi. Cc khu dn c v th xung quanh ang c xy dng v m rng.
3. Vng nguyn liu

Cc nguyn liu chnh sn xut bia l malt i mch v hoa huoblon.Malt
c th nhp t cc nc nh c, c,trung quc... Hoa houblon nhp t Tip Khc
di dng cao hoa v hoa vin. Nguyn liu thay th l go c th mua ngay trong
tnh hay mua t trong tnh v cc tnh ln cn Hng Yn,Nam nh, Thi Bnh vi
gi thnh hp l, cht lng m bo vn chuyn v nh my ch yu bng t.
Trong nh my cn thit k mt h thng ly nc t ging khoan x l lc v
lm mm nc dng cho nu bia v cc hot ng khc ca nh my.
4. Vng tiu th sn phm

Bia ca nh my sn xut ra c cung cp cho cc ca hng ni tnh v cc
tnh ln cn nh Hng Yn,Thi Bnh ,Thanh ha, Nam nh, H Nam ... Sn phm
sau chit chai, chit bock c chuyn ch bng t.
5. Ngun cung cp in, nc, lnh

Ngun in: S dng in li ca mng li in quc gia chy qua khu
vc. Mng li in ny cung cp 24/24 gi trong ngy, nhng phng s c
mng li, nh my b tr mt trm bin th v s dng thm my pht in d
phng.
Ngun nc: nc c ly t h thng ging khoan. Trong nh my nc
c dng vo cc mc ch khc nhau: x l nguyn liu, nc nu nguyn liu,
nc ra chai, nc v sinh thit b, v sinh nh my... Nc nu bia cn p ng
y cc ch tiu cho cng ngh sn xut bia. Do nc phi i qua mt h thng
x l ng k thut trc khi cp cho sn xut.
Bn cnh cn phi xy dng khu x l nc thi x l nc thi ca
nh my trnh gy nhim n mi trng xung quanh.
Nh my cng cn t h thng lnh, h thng thu hi CO2 v cp kh nn ph
hp vi cng sut ca nh my cp lnh cho hot ng sn xut ca nh my.
H thng lnh c th s dng tc nhn lnh l NH3 hay Freon, cht ti lnh s dng
nc glycol hay nc mui.
Ngoi ra cn c khu cha cht ty ra,kh trng nh xt,HNO3
6. Ngun cung cp nhin liu

Nhin liu s dng trong nh my l cho ni hi phc v cho cc mc ch
khc nhau nh nu nguyn liu, thanh trng... Nh my s dng nhin liu l than.
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7. Ngun nhn lc
a im xy dng nh my cch khng xa cc khu dn c, gn cc tuyn
giao thng nn c ngun nhn lc di do. Cc cn b, k s c trnh t chc
chuyn mn phi c o to trnh qun l, iu hnh. Cc cng nhn c th
tuyn chn lao ng ph thng, hc ngh cc vng dn c xung quanh m bo
c yu cu v ni , sinh hot.
8. Giao thng vn ti
Nh my nm gn trc giao thng nn thun tin cho vn chuyn nguyn
nhin vt liu n nh my, v vn chuyn sn phm phn phi cho cc i l, ca
hng tiu th bng ng b.
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Phn II: La chn phng php sn xut v dy chuyn

cng ngh
I. Chn nguyn liu
Nguyn liu chnh dng cho sn xut bia trong nh my l malt i mch, v
nguyn liu dng thay th cho malt l go vi t l 20% nhm gim gi thnh sn
phm, hoa houblon to hng v c trng cho bia,nc v cc cht ph tr khc
1. Malt i mch
Malt i mch l nguyn liu chnh s mt dng sn xut bia. Khong 1/3
i mch trn th gii c trng sn xut bia. i mch thuc h Hordeum
Sativum, c mt s t thuc h H.Muvirum, H.Jubatum. i mch thng c gieo
trng vo ma ng hay ma xun, c trng nhiu Nga, M, Canada, Php,
Nga
i mch c ging 2 hng v i mch a hng, trong i mch a hng li
gm c i mch 4 hng v i mch 6 hng. Tuy nhin ch c i mch hai hng
c dng trong sn xut bia. Cn i mch a hng ch dng trong chn nui v cc
mc ch khc.
Ht i mch tri qua qu trnh ngm, m mm s tr thnh ht malt ti;
ht malt ti li tip tc qua qu trnh sy, tch r v nh bng s tr thnh ht malt
kh tiu chun c th bo qun di ngy trong iu kin kh, mt v c s dng
sn xut bia. Trong qu trnh x l ht i mch tr thnh ht malt hon thin h
enzyme trong ht c hot ha v tng cng hot lc, c bit l h enzyme
thy phn thc hin qu trnh chuyn ha cc cht cao phn t to ra cht chit
ca dch ng.
Hin nay, cc c s sn xut bia nc ta thng s dng loi malt c ngun gc t
i mch hai hng, ch yu c nhp t c hoc mt s nc chu u nh: c,
an Mch... Malt dng trong sn xut bia cn m bo mt s yu cu:
Ch tiu cm quan:
- Mu sc: ht malt vng c mu vng rm, sng ng nh, mu chun l 0,3 iod;
(malt en c mu sm).
- Mi v: mi v c trng cho malt vng l v ngt nh hay ngt du, c hng thm
c trng, khng c c mi v l.
- sch ca malt cho php l 0,5% ht gy v, 1% cc tp cht khc.
Ch s c l:
- Trng lng kh tuyt i: 28 38g/1000ht
10
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- Dung trng: 530 560g/l

- m: 5 8%
- ho tan: 70 80%
- Thi gian ng ho: 10 20pht 70C
- ng maltose chim t 65 70% tng cht ho tan, t l:
ng maltose/ng phi maltose = 1/0,4 1/0,51
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Thnh phn ho hc ca malt

Tinh bt
ng kh
Saccarose
Pentose
Nit formol
Cht khong
Pentozan khng ho tan v Hexozan
Cellulose
Cc cht cha nit
Cc cht cha nit khng ng t
Cht bo
% cht kh
58 65
4
5
1
0,7 1
2,5
9
6
10
2,5
2,5
2. Go
Go l nguyn liu dng ht c dng thay th mt phn malt nhm mc
ch gim gi thnh sn phm. Cc ch tiu k thut ca go:
- ng nht v kch thc
- Mu sc trng ng nht, khng c ht b mc, mi, mt, mi hi
- Tp cht khng qu 2%
- Dung trng 660 700g/l
- m t 12 14%
- ho tan 75 85%
TT
1
2
3
4
5
Thnh phn
Tinh bt
Protein
Cht bo
Cellulose
Cht khong
% cht kh
75
68
1 1,5
0,5 0,8
1 1,2
3. Hoa houblon
Hoa houblon l nguyn liu c bn c tm quan trng th hai sau malt trong
sn xut bia, hin cha c nguyn liu no c th thay th c. Hoa houblon gp
phn quan trng to ra mi v c trng ca bia v tng bn sinh hc ca bia. Cc
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hp cht c gi tr trong hoa phi k n cht ng, polyphenol v tinh du thm

ngoi ra cn mt s hp phn khc nhng khng mang nhiu ngha trong cng
ngh sn xut bia.
Hoa houblon thng c s dng di 3 dng: hoa cnh, hoa vin v cao
hoa.
- Hoa cnh: hoa houblon ti, nguyn cnh c sy kh n hm m 11%, sau
c phn loi ri xng hi (SO2) hn ch s oxy ha v s pht trin ca vi sinh
vt.
- Hoa vin: hoa houblon sau khi x l s b, c nghin v p thnh cc vin nh,
xp vo cc ti polyetylen hn kn ming tin cho vic bo qun cng nh vn
chuyn.
- Cao hoa: trch ly cc tinh cht trong hoa bng cc dung mi hu c (toluen,
benzen... ), sau c c thu ly ch phm dng cao.
1 kg hoa vin = 1,3 1,5 kg hoa cnh
1 kg cao hoa = 7 10 kg hoa cnh
Cc ch tiu k thut ca hoa:
- Hoa cnh c mu vng hi xanh, hoa vin c mu xanh, cao hoa c mu en hoc
vng. Hoa cnh s dng l hoa ci cha th phn, nghin cn dnh.
- Hoa c mi thm c trng, khng ln cc tp cht.
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Thnh phn
m
Cht ng
Polyphenol
Tinh du thm
Cellulose
Cht khong
Protein
Cc hp cht khc
% cht kh
11 13
15 21
2,5 6
0,3 1
12 14
58
15 21
26 28
4. Nc
Trong qu trnh sn xut bia, nc c s dng rng ri trong mi khu, t
cc cng on chnh nh nu, lc ... n cc khu v sinh. Trong thnh phn bia,
nc cng chim mt lng ln (80 90%), gp phn hnh thnh nn hng v ca
bia. Bi vy, nc dng trong sn xut bia phi c cht lng tt, p ng c cc
ch tiu quan trng:
- Nc ung phi m bo yu cu v sinh an ton thc phm.
- Nc trong sut, khng mu, khng mi, khng v, khng c tp cht c hc.
- cng <10H.
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- Hm lng cc ion: Ca2+: < 250mg/lt; Mg2+: < 100mg/lt; Na+: 15 20 mg/lt; Fe2+:
0,2 0,5mg/lt; SO42-: < 250 mg/lt; mui cacbonat < 50mg/l; mui clorua < 50mg/l;
mui phospho < 5000mg/l; khng c ng, km; amoniac v mui nitrit < 0,1mg/l.
- pH 6,5 7,0.
- Ch s coli < 3.
5. Nguyn liu ph tr khc

Nguyn liu ph tr dng trong sn xut bia ch yu l: acid , bt tr lc, cht
ty ra, cht st trng, ...
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II. Chn phng php nu

Mc ch ca qu trnh nu l: Ho tan cc cht c trong malt, go. S dng h
enzyme ca malt thu phn tinh bt thnh ng, dextrin; thu phn protein thnh
axit amin, peptide, polypeptide... bn cnh cn trch ly cc cht cht trong hoa
houblon to hng v c trng cho bia.
Qu trnh nu bia c th chia lm 5 giai on chnh.
- Nghin nguyn liu
- H ho v ng ho
- Lc dch ng
- Nu hoa
- Lng xoy v lm lnh dch ng houblon ho
1. Nghin nguyn liu

Nghin malt: V cu to ht malt c 2 phn chnh l v v ni nh. m bo
qu trnh ng ha t hiu qu cao th phn ni nh malt phi c nghin cng
nh cng tt. Nhng lp v tru khng mang thnh phn cht chit cn thit ca dch
ng nu nghin nh s lm dch ng ng cht gy nh hng n tnh cht
cm quan ca bia thnh phm, hn na lp v tru li ng vai tr to lp mng lc
tch cc trong qu trnh lc dch ng do ch nn nghin th malt. Thc t khng
c phng n no tho mn ti u cho cc yu cu nu trn m m bo cng
ngh sn xut ra bia thnh phm t cht lng cao ngi ta chn gii php nghin
th malt bng my nghin trc.
C 3 phng php nghin malt thng c dng l: nghin kh, nghin m v
nghin t.
Nghin kh: c u im l cu to thit b n gin vn hnh d dng, c th nghin
trc mt ngy trc khi nu, c th nghin malt c nhuyn km nhng c nhc
im l v tru thng b nt lm dch ng ng cht, qu trnh lc kh khn.
Nghin m: cc thit b s dng cng ch yu cu nh nghin kh, c th khc phc
c mt phn hin tng nt v tru.
Nghin t: yu cu thit b chu n mn, thit b c kch thc ln, vn hnh nghim
ngt, nghin xong phi nu ngay nhng c u im ni tri l bo ton c lp v
tru trong qu trnh nghin do dch ng thu c c cht lng cao, qu trnh
lc thun li.
Cn c vo u nhc im ca cc phng php em chn phng php nghin malt
l nghin t bng my nghin trc nghin malt t.
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Nghin go: t c hiu qu h ho v ng ho cao yu cu go phi

c nghin tht mn do gii php nghin go bng my nghin ba l phng
php n gin m t c hiu qu cao.
2. H ho v ng ho
V nu bia y c s dng nguyn liu thay th nn khng th s dng
phng php ng ha ton khi lin tc v phng php ny ch thch hp khi s
dng 100% nguyn liu l malt c nhuyn tt v ln men ni. Nu s dng
phng php ng ha gin on un si tng phn nguyn liu to bc nhy
nhit th yu cu phi c ni phi trn c bo n, nhng mt nhc im rt
ln l qu trnh ko di tn nng lng cp hi t v bm. Do y em chn
phng php nu h ho go ring, dch cho sau h ho c ng ho chung vi
matl. Vi phng php ny thi gian nu c rt ngn m vn m bo hiu sut
ng ho, c th thit k ni cho v ni malt cu to ging nhau ch khc nhau v
th tch nn s linh ng trong t chc sn xut. Ni nu phi thit k h thng o hi
cp nhit cho qu trnh nu, ng thi phi c cnh khuy ho trn u dch bt
v chng kh dch st v.
3. Lc dch ng
tch b malt v lm trong dch ng th cc gii php thng c t ra l
phn ly v lc, tuy nhin do lc c u im l kh nng tch loi cn tt hn, ch to
v vn hnh thit b n gin hn nn hin nay hu ht cc nh my bia u s dng
phng php lc lm trong dch ng. Thit b lc dch ng thng c s
dng l my lc khung bn v thng lc y bng.
My lc khung bn c u im l thit b c kch thc nh gn hn thng lc
y bng, lc nhanh tn t nc ra b, nhng thit b khng kn nn dch ng b
oxy ho nhiu, tn nhiu lao ng th cng vn hnh, v sinh v bo dng cng
tn cng hn. Thng lc y bng chim din tch ln, lc chm nhng nng sut lc
vn ln hn my lc khung bn. Thng lc y bng c kt cu c gii t ng nn
vn hnh n gin, bo n tt, thng kn nn dch ng t b oxy ho hn. Cn c
vo nhng iu trn em chn s dng thng lc y bng lc dch ng. Thng
lc y bng c y gi cch y tht khong 2cm, c h thng co b nhanh
chng to v to li lp lc, to khng gian gom dch ng. Pha di thng cn c
h thng ng gom dch, bn cnh cn cn thit b n nh lu lng dch trc
bm, ng ng dn dch ra cn thit k on vng ln trnh to p sut chn
khng lm bt l lc, ng thi tch i mt phn cn lng ca dch lc. Cn thit k
c ng ng thng p v hi lu dch lc cn c.
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4. Nu hoa
Nu hoa nhm mc ch bt hot h enzyme ca malt ng thi cng l mt
cng on dit vi sinh vt cn tn ti trong dch ng nhm m bo qu trnh
ln men sau ny n nh, m bo cht lng ca bia thnh phm. Bn cnh qu
trnh ny cng trch ly cc cht c li ca hoa vo dch ng: cht ng trong hoa
houblon vo dch ng, thnh phn ny to v ng du c trng cho bia ng thi
cng km hm cc vi sinh vt gy c cho bia thnh phm; cc cht tanin lm kt ta
m cao phn t to mng ko theo cc phn t d kt lng trong dch ng; tinh
du thm to hng cho bia thnh phm... Ngoi ra trong qu trnh ny cn din ra
nhiu phn ng ph khc nh: phn ng melanoid, phn ng caramel ho... m
bo cp nhit cho qu trnh si mnh lit ca dch cn thit k c h thng ng chm
gia nhit trung tm ng thi vi v o hi.
K thut nu b sung hoa 3 ln t hiu sut trch ly cao:
Phn 1: B sung cao hoa khi dch si khong 15 pht. Phn cao hoa ny c hm
lng axt ng v tanin cao nhm to v ng, kt ta cc m cao phn t trong
dch ng.
Phn 2: B sung 1/2 lng hoa vin khi dch si c khong 60 pht.
Phn 3: B sung 1/2 lng hoa vin trc khi a sang ni lng xoy 10 pht.
Phn hoa vin c hm lng axt ng thp hn cao hoa m ch yu cung cp tinh
du thm to hng cho bia.
5. Lng trong v lm lnh dch ng houblon ho

y l giai on d nhim tp nht c bit l nhim cc loi vi khun chu
nhit c th gy cho bia thnh phm c mi v l do cn thit k cc thit b
m bo trnh nhim tp cho bia.
lm trong dch ng c th s dng cc thit b: thng thp h, thng kn
lc ly tm, my lc tm, lng xoy... y em chn thit b lng xoy lm trong
dch ng. Thit b lng xoy c cu to n gin, vn hnh d dng, da vo lc ly
tm v trng lc nn c th t hiu qu cao trong vic phn ly b hoa v cc cn
lng khc ra khi dch ng. trnh nhim tp trong khi lng xoy th ng hi
thng lng xoy thit k c ng knh bng khong 1/10 ng knh thng dng
hi bc ln mnh ngn nga s nhim tp. tng hiu qu phn ly th ng
ng a dch ng vo lng xoy phi thit k thu hp tng vn tc dng chy
trc khi vo tip tuyn vi thnh thng v tr cch y 1/3 chiu cao thng nhm
tn dng hiu qu lc ly tm. ng ng cp dch cng nn thit k on cong ln
nhm tch bt mt phn cn ca dch v n nh dng dch. Dch trong c tho ra
bng c ng ng tip tuyn cch y mt khong v c pha y nhm trnh ko
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theo b. B hoa c tho ra y thng bng vic x nc vo thng, tho b d

dng thit k y thng hi nghing so vi mt phng nm ngang chng 3 5.
Lm lnh dch ng h nhit dch ng xung ti nhit ln men.
trnh nhim tp giai on ny cn tin hnh lm lnh nhanh dch ng, ng thi
cng y nhanh tin trnh sn xut. y em chn thit b trao i nhit kiu tm
bn, lm lnh 1 cp, vi cht ti nhit l nc lnh 2C lm lnh nhanh dch
ng. Nc sau khi ly nhit ca dch ng c dng phc v qu trnh nu
v v sinh h thng ni nu. Ngay sau lnh nhanh b tr thit b sc khng kh v
trng vo dch ng ri a i ln men.
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III. Chn chng nm men v phng php ln men

1.Chn chng ging nm men
Ln men l giai on quyt nh chuyn ho dch ng houblon ho thnh bia
di tc ng ca nm men thng qua hot ng sng ca chng. Qu trnh quan
trng nht v phc tp nht giai on ny l qu trnh ln men ru ca cc loi
ng trong c cht. Song song vi qu trnh ln men ru hoc sau , trong dch
ln men cn xy ra rt nhiu qu trnh ho sinh, sinh l, ho l, ho hc v l hc
phc tp khc. Nhng qu trnh ny ng mt vai tr ht sc quan trng trong vic
n nh thnh phn v cht lng ca bia.
C hai chng nm men thng c s dng ln men bia l nm men ni
Saccharomyces.cerevisia v nm men chm Saccharomyces.carlbergensis . S khc
nhau c bn gia hai loi nm men ny l kh nng ln men cc loi ng
trisaccharid v d rafinoza . Trong khi nm men chm c kh nng tng hp enzyme
melibiase nn c th s dng hon ton ng rafinoza th nm men ni ch s dng
c 1/3 ng ny . Ngoi ra chng cn khc nhau v kh nng h hp , kh nng
trao i cht khi ln men v kh nng hnh thnh bo t . Qu trnh trao i cht ca
nm men chm ch yu xy ra trong qu trnh ln men cn ca nm men ni li ch
yu trong qu trnh h hp . Kh nng to bo t ca nm men chm lu hn v hn
ch hn nm men ni . Nm men ni ni trn b mt dch to lp bt xp trong v
cui qu trnh ln men chnh cn nm men chm lng xung y trong v cui qu
trnh ln men chnh ; nm men chm c th ln men nhit 40 C ti 120 C cn
nm men ni l t 14 0 C ti 25 0C . Nh my la chn nm men chim S.carlbergensis
ln men c hai loi sn phm bia chai v bia hi . c im ca loi nm men
ny : t bo c hnh cu hay bu dc , kch thc trung bnh 3 Mm ti 15 Mm, sinh
sn ch yu bng phng thc ny chi , nm men to c bia c cht lng cao ,
c bn sinh hc . S.carlbergensis c kh nng ln men cc loi ng glucose ,
fructose , maltose . . ., qu trnh tch nm men sau khi ln men quay vng ti s
dng din ra thun li .
2. Ln men sn phm bia chai

Bia chai c nng dch ng trc ln men l 12Bx y em chn
phng thc ln men gin on theo m, phng php ln men gia tc trong cc thit
b ln men kn thn tr y cn, s dng chng nm men thuc loi Saccharomyces
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calbergensis chu k ln men l 17 ngy. giai on ln men chnh dch ln men c

duy tr nhit 8C trong thi gian 5 ngy. Sau ln men chnh bia non c lm
lnh xung 4C nm men d dng kt lng v c tho ra ngoi. Cui cng h
nhit dch ln men xung 2C v tin hnh qu trnh ln men ph v tng tr
lo ho bia non thnh bia tiu chun ng thi bo ho CO2 cho bia.
Sau ln men bia c x l lc v chit chai.
3. Ln men sn phm bia hi

Bia hi c nng dch ng trc ln men l 10,5Bx y em cng chn
phng thc ln men gin on, phng php ln men gia tc trong cc thit b thn
tr y cn, s dng chng nm men thuc loi Saccharomyces calbergensis chu k
ln men 14 ngy. Ln men chnh tin hnh 8C trong thi gian 5 ngy. Sau ln men
chnh dch ln men c h nhit xung 4C v x nm men kt lng, ri h nhit
dch ln men xung 2C v thc hin ln men ph.
Sau ln men bia c x l lc v chit box.
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IV. Thuyt
minh dy chuyn sn xut

Go
Malt lt
Malt
Nghin
Nghin
Nghin t
H ho
ng ho
Nc
Nu hoa
Nc
Lc y bng
B malt
B hoa
Lng xoy
Lnh nhanh
Men ging
Sc kh
Khng kh
v trng
Nhn ging cp I
Cp nm men
Nhn ging cp II
Ln men
Bt tr lc
Thu hi CO2
Lc bia
Ra bock
Tng tr, n nh
Chit chai
Dn nhn
Chit bock
Bia chai
Bia hi
S dy chuyn cng ngh
20
Xp kt
Ra chai
Thanh trng
Ra kt
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1. Nghin nguyn liu

a. Nghin malt
Mc ch: Ph v mng tinh bt qu trnh ng ho c tt hn.
Yu cu ca qu trnh nghin malt l v cn nguyn vn v tch ra khi ni nh,
lng tm th nh. mn v bn cht bt nghin ph thuc vo my lc, nguyn
liu thay th v cht lng malt.
Trong dy chuyn sn xut ny, chn thit b lc l thng lc y bng,
nghin theo phng php nghin t, s dng my nghin c 2 cp rul.
Malt c vo phu hng chn gu ti th nht, c gu ti ny a ln thit
b cn malt, sau xung phu hng ca gu ti th hai v c a ln vo
thng cha. T y malt c chuyn dn xung my nghin ng thi c phun
nc 65C, nghin xong li b sung thm nc hn dch t nhit 45C v t
t l: bt malt/nc = 1/4, dch sa malt ny c bm chuyn vo cc ni nu.
b. Nghin go
c im chung ca cc loi nguyn liu cha c m mm nh go l
cha tri qua qu trnh ho, cha chu tc ng bi h enzym sitase. Cu trc
thnh t bo v cc ht tinh bt ca chng cn rt chc, kh b thu phn. Do yu
cn nghin tht nh v h ho nhit cao thu c nhiu cht chit.
Go c vo phu hng v c gu ti a ln xung my nghin
ba, bt go sau nghin c qut gi a vo phu hng ca gu ti tip theo v
c a ln cao, c vt ti a qua thit b phi trn vi nc m ri vo ni
h ho. Bt go trong qu trnh c qut gi thi v gu ti vn chuyn sinh ra
nhiu bi nn nhng v tr ny c b tr ng ng thng vi ti lc v xyclon tch
bi.
2. Qu trnh h ho v ng ho
a. H ho
Mc ch: Do s dng nguyn liu thay th l go vi t l 20% nn cn tin
hnh h ho v dch ho go trong thit b ring trc khi ng ho chung vi malt.
V go cha tri qua qu trnh sinh hc nn thnh t bo cha b ph v rt kh
cho vic gii phng tinh bt ng ho. Do ta s dng lng malt lt vi t l
20% so vi lng go thay th nhm mc ch gim nht ca dch cho gip cho
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qu trnh nu d dng hn, tng hiu sut cht chit v cng thun li hn cho qu
trnh ng ho sau ny.
Tin hnh nu go:
Trc khi nu, tin hnh v sinh thit b bng nc nng. Bt go c phi
trn vi nc m t nhit dch khong 45C trc khi bm vo ni vi t l:
bt/nc = 1/5. Bt cnh khuy, b sung axt lactics h pH ca hn dch xung
khong 5,4 5,6. Cho malt lt vo ni vi lng bng 20% go v b sung thm
nc t l: bt/nc = 1/5. Nhit ca khi dch gim xung khong 42 43C.
Bt c trn u v gi nhit 42 45C trong khong 15 pht tinh bt ht
nc trng n, ng thi h enzyme trong malt c bit l peptidase thc hin qu
trnh m ho. Cp hi nng t t nhit ca khi dch ln 72C v gi trong
khong 10 pht. Tip tc nng nhit ca khi dch ln 83C v gi trong 30 pht
thc hin qu trnh h ho tinh bt go. Cui cng cp hi un si khi dch trong
khong 30 pht trc khi bm sang ni malt. Thi gian nu mt m khong 150
pht.
b. ng ho
Mc ch: To iu kin thch hp thng qua iu chnh nhit , pH mi
trng h enzyme ca malt hot ng, c bit l h enzyme thu phn phn ct
cc hp cht cao phn t trong dch cho thnh cc hp cht thp phn t d ho tan
to thnh cht chit ca dch ng.
Yu cu ca qu trnh ng ho l dch ng thu c cha hm lng
cht chit ti a v t l gia cc thnh phn l 80% ng c kh nng ln men.
Trong qu trnh ng ho, tinh bt c thu phn thnh cc ng n gin
v dextrin bc thp d tan; protein c thu phn thnh cc hp cht cha nit ch
yu l c khi lng phn t trung bnh: peptide, polypeptide, albumose; cc hp
cht cha phospho nh Fitin b thu phn gii phng axit phosphoric lm tng
chua v lc m ca dch ng. Ngoi cc qu trnh thu phn bi enzyme, trong
qu trnh ng ha cn c th xy ra cc phn ng phi enzyme nh phn ng
caramel ho, phn ng melanoid, s bin tnh protein km bn nhit, ho tan cc cht
trong v malt vo dch ng...
Tin hnh ng ho:
Trong khi ni cho nu th v sinh ni malt, khi cho si c khong 15
pht th bm dch sa malt vo ni ng ho. Bt cnh khuy o trn u dch
sa malt. B sung NaCl vi nng 200mg/l to cho bia v m d chu, b
sung axit lactics h pH ca hn dch xung 5,4 5,5 thun li cho hot ng ca h
enzyme thu phn v cng c tc dng kh cng ca nc cn li. Bm dch cho
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sang ni malt ho trn vi dch bt malt, khi nhit ca hn dch s vo khong

54-55C, thi gian bm cho khong 5 pht. Nng nhit khi dch ln 63C v gi
trong khong 40 pht. Tip tc nng nhit khi dch ln 72C v gi trong khong
30 pht. Nng nhit khi dch ln 76C v gi trong khong 20 pht, ri bm sang
thng lc. Thi gian ng ho mt m khong 130 pht.
3. Lc dch ng
Mc ch: Tch dch ng ra khi b vi hiu sut thu hi ln nht, ng thi hn
ch ti a s oxy ho dch ng.
Lc dch ng c 2 giai on: giai on th nht l lc tch dch ng ra khi
b, giai on 2 l ra b rt nt phn cht ho tan cn st li trong b.
Tin hnh lc:
Trc khi tin hnh lc, thng lc cn c v sinh k bng nc, cc mnh
cc mnh ca y gi phi c ghp tht kht v cht vi nhau. L tho b v cc
van x dch phi ng cht. Bm nc nng vo cc ng dn dch ui khng kh
ng thi bm ti y khong khng gia hai y ca thng lc. Dch ng t ni
ng ho sau khi c trn u, c bm mt ln sang thng lc, ng thi h
thng co b hot ng dn u lp b trn mt y gi. Sau khi ht dch ng
h thng cnh o b c nng ln cao. Dch ng c yn 20 pht b kt
lng to thnh lp lc. C th chia lp b thnh 3 lp: lp di cng gm cc phn t
nng nht v ln nht, dy khong 1cm; lp gia gm v v cc phn t nng khc;
lp trn cng l cc phn t mn v nh, xm, dy khong 1cm. Sau m van thu
dch ng, ban u dch ng cn c nn ta cho hi lu tr li thng lc trong
khong 15 pht u. Khi dch ng bt u trong th kho van hi lu, dch ng
c a ngay sang ni nu hoa. Nu ni hoa cha sn sng th dch ng c a
sang ni trung gian c v bo n cha tm. Lc u tc lc nhanh, v sau tc
lc chm dn do mng lc b bt lm tng tr lc khi cn ngng qu trnh lc dng
h thng co b to li lp mng lc. Dng p k kim tra tc lc. Thi gian p
dch lc khong 90 pht. Sau tin hnh ra b.
Tin hnh ra b gin on lm 3 ln, nc ra b c nhit 78C. Sau khi
thu ht dch ng, kho van x dch, cp 1/3 lng nc ra b, cho cnh khuy
quay lm ti lp b gii phng cht tan cn lu trong b vo dch. yn 10 pht
th tho dch, dch ny cng c bm sang ni hoa vi dch lc trc . Kt thc
qu trnh ra b hm lng ng trong b cn 0,5 1Bx. Thi gian ra b khong
60 pht.
Tng thi gian lc khong 160 pht.
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4. Nu hoa
Mc ch: Qu trnh nu hoa c mc ch chnh: dit enzyme ca malt, dit vi sinh
vt; kt lng cc phn t kh tan phn tn trong dch ng; trch ly cc cht ng v
tinh du thm trong hoa houblon em li hng v c trng cho bia thnh phm.
Trong qu trnh un hoa xy ra mt s bin i: s ng phn ho cc -axit
ng thnh izo -axit ng c ho tan cao hn v lc ng mnh hn, v ng du
hn; trch ly tinh du thm ca hoa to hng thm c trng cho bia vng; to phc
tanin-protein cao phn t to mng ko theo nhiu phn t khc kt lng theo lm
trong dch ng, to n nh keo cho dch; v hot cc protein enzyme ca malt
v dit vi sinh vt tp lm tng tnh n nh sinh hc ca dch ng m bo qu
trnh ln men sau ny dch ng ch chuyn ho bi h enzyme ca nm men. Ngoi
ra trong qu trnh nu hoa do nhit cao xy ra cc phn ng melanoid, phn ng
caramel ho lm thay i tnh cht cm quan ca dch ng c bit l mu ca
dch ng. un hoa cn c tc dng lm bay hi mt s cht khng mong mun
nh dimethyl sulfua v cc dn xut; c c dch ng nh qu trnh bay hi nc;
pH dch ng cng gim t 0,2 0,3.
Tin hnh un hoa:
Thit b un hoa c v sinh sch s trc mi m nu. Ngay t khi dch lc
a sang ni hoa th m van cp hi nhng mc va phi duy tr nhit dch
lc trn 75C. Sau nng dn nhit sao cho ti khi ton b dch lc v nc ra
b c bm sang ni hoa th dch ng trong ni cng va si. Khi dch si c
khong 15 pht th cho ton b lng hoa cao vo ni. Sau khi dch si c khong
60 pht th cho 1/2 lng hoa vin vo ni. Trc khi kt thc un hoa 15 pht th b
sung nt 1/2 lng hoa vin vo ni. T l: cao hoa/hoa vin = 1/4. Thi gian un
hoa khong 90 pht.
5. Lng xoy
Mc ch: Qu trnh lng trong cng ng thi lm lnh s b dch ng nhm mc
ch tch b cc phn t rn hay cn, b hoa ra khi dch ng, trnh bia khng b
c.
c bit l cn nng c to thnh t nhit trn 60C v cn c tch b hon
ton v chng nh hng xu ti qu trnh ln men, lm bia km cht lng, sinh ra
mt s axt c hi cho bn ca bia.
Tin hnh lng xoy:
Dch ng ra khi ni hoa c bm vo thng lng xoy theo phng tip tuyn
vi vn tc 12 14m/s, di tc dng ca lc ly tm v trng lc cc cn lng v b
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hoa tch ra tp trung gia thng v lng xung y. Dch ra khi thng c nhit
khong 90C c bm sang thit b lm lnh nhanh. Cn tp trung y thng khi
bm ht dch c xi nc x b ra ngoi. Thi gian lng xoy khong 30 pht.
6. Lnh nhanh
Mc ch: Qu trnh lm lnh nhanh nhm mc ch h nhit ca dch ng ti
nhit thch hp cho qu trnh ln men ng thi hn ch ti a s nhim tp vi
sinh vt, nh hng ti ln men v cht lng bia thnh phm.
Tin hnh lm lnh nhanh:
Sau khi ra khi thng lng xoy, dch ng c nhit 90C, c dn vo
my lnh nhanh kiu tm bn. My c cu to t nhng tm bn gp sng ch to
t thp hay hp kim Cr Ni. Cc tm bn c hnh ch nht, c 4 tai 4 gc, trn mi
tai c c l trn. Kt hp xen k cc tm bn vi cc giong cao su to nn 4 mng
dn: dch ng vo my, dch ng ra khi my, cht ti lnh vo my, cht ti
lnh ra khi my. Dch ng nng c bm vo mt trong hai mng dn pha
trn, chy thnh mng ziczac trn b mt cc tm bn trong khong trng gia 2 tm
bn lin k, dch ng chy cc khong trng cch nhau 1 khong trng xen k bi
cht ti lnh, cui cng ra khi my mng dn di ngc pha. Nc lnh 2C
c i theo chiu ngc li t mng dn vo pha di qua cc khong trng m
dch ng khng i qua ri ra mng dn pha trn i din. Nc lnh qua trao
i nhit vi dch ng tr thnh nc nng 70 80C c thu hi v thng nc
nng a i phc v cho qu trnh nu.
7. Bo ho O2 vo dch ln men
Mc ch: B sung O2 vo dch ng trc khi ln men nhm m bo cung
cp lng O2 ban u cho qu trnh pht trin to sinh khi ca nm men trong
giai on tim pht, thch nghi v pht trin logarit.
Tin hnh b sung oxy: Sau khi ra khi my lnh nhanh, dch ng c nhit 8C
dch ng c b sung oxy di dng khng kh nn sc vo ng ng cp dch
ng i ln men. Khng khi c ht qua mng lc, i qua thp ra, qua hp ph
bng than hot tnh, kh trng, lc xp trc khi np vo dch. Khng kh nn sau
lm sch v kh trng c b sung xui theo chiu ng ng dn dch ng vo
thng ln men.
8. Cp nm men v tin hnh ln men

Mc ch: Ha trn nm men vi dch ng nm men thc hin qu trnh ln
men chuyn ho dch ng thnh bia. Qu trnh ln men bao gm 2 giai on: ln
men chnh, ln men ph v tng tr bia. Ln men chnh nhm mc ch chuyn ho
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cc thnh phn cht tan ch yu l cc loi ng v dextrin thp phn t ca dch

ng c houblon ho thnh ru etylic, CO2, glyxerin v cc ru bc cao
khc, axit hu c, este di tc dng ca nm men. Ln men ph v tng tr nhm
n nh cc thnh phn ca bia, to bt, to cc sn phm bc cao mang hng v v
c trng hi ho ca bia, tng bn keo, c ch s pht trin ca vi sinh vt
Qu trnh ln men c tin hnh theo phng php ln men gia tc trong thit b
thn tr y cn, phng thc ln men gin on.
Giai on ln men chnh din ra trong khong 6 ngy nhit 8C i vi bia chai
v din ra trong vng 5 ngy nhit 8C i vi bia hi. Trong giai on ny nm
men hot ng mnh to nhiu nhit, lng CO2 to thnh nhiu nn cn phi cp
nhiu glycol lm lnh v tin hnh thu hi CO2 m bo p sut trong thng ln
men khong 0,7 0,8at. Kt thc giai on ny hm ng cn li trong bia non l
3Bx. Khi h nhit khi dch xung 4C v tho nm men kt lng. Cui cng
h nhit khi dch xung 2C v tin hnh ln men ph v tng tr bia trong
khong 15 ngy i vi bia chai v 10 ngy i vi bia hi, duy tr p sut khong 1
1,2at. giai on ny lng nm men cn li rt t, hot lc gim mt khc do
nhit rt thp nn qu trnh chuyn ho cc hp phn ca khi dch rt chm.
9. Lc bia
Mc ch: Bia sau khi ln men c lm trong t nhin (nh qu trnh lng khi ln
men ph) nhng cha t mc cn thit. Do , cn phi lc tip loi b hon
ton cn, kt ta... nhm tng bn ca bia, tng gi tr cm quan, n nh cc thnh
phn c hc.
Bia tiu chun sau qu trnh ln men c i qua thit b trao i nhit tm bn trao
i nhit vi cht ti lnh l glycol n nh nhit bia 1C trc khi lc.
thc hin qu trnh lc trong bia s dng thit b lc ng inox v thit b lc ng xp
lc tinh i vi sn phm bia chai. Thit b lc ng c mt gin ng, trn cc ng
ny c c l c 0,04m.
Qu trnh lc gm 2 giai on: giai on to mng lc v giai on lc.
Giai on to mng lc: Bt tr lc diatomide c ho vi nc v bm vo thit b
lc to mng lc. S dng 2 loi bt tr lc l Hyflosuppercell v
Standarlsuppercell mi loi 5kg cho mt ln to o lc.
Giai on lc: Bm bia vo tin hnh lc, trong giai on u dch bia ra cn c
nn cn tun hon khong 15 pht. Trong qu trnh lc bt tr lc diatomide v vinyl
polypyriolidone c b sung bng bm nh mc. Ngoi ra, i vi sn phm bia
chai trong qu trnh lc cn b sung cc ho cht chng oxy ho, chng c nh:
polyclarlc, vicant, collupulin cng vi bt tr lc ln 2.
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Bia sau lc c bm sang cc tank cha bia trong n nh v bo ha CO2.
10. Tng tr v n nh tnh cht ca bia thnh phm

Mc ch: Tng cht lng cm quan ca bia, chng oxy ha, chng kt lng, tng
thi gian bo qun bia, n nh cc thnh phn trong bia...
* Qu trnh tng tr, n nh bia v bo ha CO2 din ra nh sau:
Bm mt lng CO2 vo trc y ht khng kh c trong tank ra ngoi, trnh
khng bia b oxy ha do tip xc vi O2. Sau , bm bia lc vo tank t di
ln. Khi bm ht bia, tin hnh bo ha CO2 cho ti khi hm lng CO2 trong bia
t 4,5 5 g/lt. Trong qu trnh tng tr bia, duy tr p sut trong tank 1,8 kg/cm2
v thu hi CO2 khi cn thit.
11. Hon thin sn phm

* Bia hi c chit bock phc v cho nhu cu trong ngy ca cc ca hng, i
l cc vng ln cn. Nh vy v nguyn tc m ni th bia chit bock trc
khng cn b sung thm CO2. Qu trnh chit bock tun theo nguyn tc chit ng
p m bo yu cu: rt y th tch thng bock, khng si bt v hao ph bia t
nht.
* Bia sau mt thi gian tng tr c bm sang phn xng chit chai np vo
cc chai. H thng chit chai gm mt s cng on chnh sau:
- Ra chai: chai c ngm trong nc nng trc, k tip c ra bng xt nng,
sau qua gin phun nc, h thng thi kh lm kh ri i qua b phn soi chai
trc khi a sang my chit chai.
- Chit chai: qu trnh chit chai cng tun theo nguyn tc chit ng p, sau chai
c dp nt, ra khi my chit chai chai qua b phn soi chai trc khi vo hm
thanh trng.
- Thanh trng: mc ch ca qu trnh ny l nhm dit nm men cn st nng cao
bn sinh hc ca bia.
Thit b thanh trng thng c nhiu khoang, mi khoang phun nc nng mt
nhit khc nhau. Nhit ti a thanh trng khong 65oC. Qu trnh thanh
trng cn m bo nhit ca chai i vo v i ra khi thit b l bng nhau, ng
thi khng qu chnh lch so vi nhit mi trng.
- Bia sau thanh trng s theo bng ti vo b phn dn nhn, bn ch, sau qua my
xp kt v lu kho hoc a ngay n cc ni tiu th.
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V. Quy trnh cng ngh x l nc cp, nc thi

1. X l nc cp
Nc c ly t ging khoan s c lc qua h thng b ct bao gm 2 b lc th
v 2 b lc tinh hot ng lun phin s c cha trong b cha trung gian tip
tc c x l t yu cu phc v cho cc hot ng c th.
* Nc dng nu v ra sa men kt lng:
Nc sau x l s b c b sung nc zaven v sc kh kh trng, ri bm qua
ct lc ct thch anh loi b cc tp cht rn. Tip theo nc c ty mu bng
than hot tnh v kh clo d. Cui cng nc c i qua h thng lc thm thu
ngc loi b cc mui tan v tp cht hu c cn li.
Nc sau x l c thun khit cao, t cc ch tiu:
Tng lng st, mangan < 0,1mg/l
Hm lng cht rn tn ng < 0,1mg/l
Hm lng canxi, magie < 0,08mg/l
Hm lng clo d < 0,1mg/l
* Nc dng ra chai:
Nc sau x l s b c b sung nc zaven v sc kh kh trng, ri qua b
lc cha vt liu kh st, mangan. Sau nc c ty mu bng than hot tnh v
kh clo d. Tip theo nc c lm mm qua trao i ion (cationist), cui cng
c tinh lc bng lc li si. Nc sau x l y c hm lng clo d < 0,05mg/l.
2. X l nc thi
Nc thi trong qu trnh sn xut ca nh my qua h thng cng rnh c a ti
b lng s b ti y nh qu trnh lng di tc dng ca trng lc cc tp cht nng
c tch ra, cc rc thi hu c cng c loi b nh cc song chn rc. Tip theo
nc c a qua b iu ho, y nc s c trung ho mt phn thun li
cho cc qu trnh x l sinh hc tip theo. Nc thi t b iu ho s c a qua
b mtan ho vi lp lc l bn cha h vi sinh vt k kh, ti y nc thi s c
i t di ln qua lp bn, cc cn lng s c gi li di. Nc sau x l ym
kh s chy trn qua cc mng thu sang b aeroten, y thc hin sc kh tng
cng hot ng phn gii hiu kh ca h bn hot tnh. Sau nc thi c a
qua b lng ng tch bn ri c lng trong ln cui b tip xc trc khi thi
ra theo h thng nc thi bn ngoi nh my. Bn thu c b lng ng mt
phn tun hon vo b aeroten, phn cn li c p kh a sang b bn v c th
s dng lm phn bn.
Nc thi sau x l t tiu chun loi B vi cc thng s nh sau:
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pH = 5,5 9
BOD = 50 mg/l
COD = 100 mg/l
SS = 100 mg/l
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Phn III: Lp k hoch sn xut v tnh cn bng sn

phm
A. Lp k hoch sn xut
Nh my c thit k vi nng sut 45 triu lt bia/nm, c cu sn phm 70%
bia chai v 30% bia hi. Nng dch ng trc ln men l 12Bx ng vi bia
chai, v 10,5Bx ng vi bia hi. S dng nguyn liu thay th l go vi t l thay
th l 20% cho tng lng go v malt s dng.
Do nc ta nm trong khu vc nhit i gi ma, min Bc kh hu c 4 ma
rt khc nhau v vy m nhu cu tiu th bia cc ma cng khc nhau. Ma h do thi
tit nng nc nn nhu cu s dng bia cao, trong khi ma ng do thi tit lnh nhu
cu v bia gim. Do nh my phi c k hoch sn xut mt cch hp l lng
bia sn xut ra tiu th ht trnh lng ph.
Bng k hoch sn xut ca nh my:
Qu
I
II
III
IV
Bia chai (triu lt)
6,0
8,5
8,5
8,5
Bia hi (triu lt)
1
6,5
5
1
Tng nng sut (triu lt)
7,0
15
13,5
9,5
Mt nm nh my sn xut 300 ngy, trung bnh mi thng sn xut 25 ngy, nhng
ngy cn li duy tu, bo dng my mc thit b. Nng sut ln nht mt thng: 5
triu lt.
Nng sut ln nht mt ngy: 5000000/25 = 200000(lt).
Mi ngy nu 6 m, nng sut mt m khong: 33400(lt).
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B. Tnh cn bng sn phm

Trong qu trnh sn xut, tn tht cc cng on l khng th trnh khi nn
trong trong qu trnh tnh ton ta u phi tnh n lng tn tht tng cng on.
Lng tn tht ph thuc vo nhiu yu t nh cht lng nguyn liu, ch cng
ngh thit b.
n gin ta tnh cn bng sn phm cho 1000l bia. Gi thit:
Malt c hm m 6%, hiu sut ho tan 80%.
Go c hm m 13%, hiu sut ho tan 85%.
Tn tht trong cc qu trnh ln lt l:
- Nghin: 0,5%.
- H ho, ng ho v lc: 3% cht ho tan.
- Nu hoa: 10% lng dch do nc bay hi.
- Lng xoy v lnh nhanh: 2,5%.
- Ln men: 5%.
- Lc bia: 1,5%.
- Bo ho CO2: 0,5%.
- Chit chai: 4%; chit bock: 1%.
I. Tnh cn bng sn phm cho 1000l bia chai

1. Tnh lng go v lng malt
Gi lng malt cn sn xut 1000l bia chai l M(kg) th lng go cn l
0,25M(kg).
Lng cht chit thu c t M(kg) malt l:
M.(1 0,005).(1 0,06).0,8 = 0,74824M(kg)
Lng cht chit thu c t go l:
0,25M.(1 0,005).(1 0,13).0,85 = 0,18395M(kg)
Tng lng cht chit thu c l:
0,74824M + 0,18395M = 0,93219M(kg)
* Lng dch qua cc cng on ng vi 1000l bia chai thnh phm:
Cng on chit chai tn tht 4%, lng bia sau bo ho CO2 l:
1000
= 1041,7(l)
1 0,04
Cng on bo ho CO2 tn tht 0,5%, lng bia sau lc l:

1041,7
= 1046,9(l)
1 0,005
Cng on lc bia tn tht 1,5%, lng bia sau ln men l:

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1046,9
= 1062,8(l)
1 0,015
Cng on ln men tn tht 5%, lng dch ng a i ln men l:

1062,8
= 1118,8(l)
1 0,05
Cng on lng xoy v lnh nhanh tn tht 2,5% khi lng dch v tn hao do co
th tch khong 4%, lng dch ng sau un hoa l:
1118,8
= 1195,3(l)
(1 0.025) (1 0,04)
Dch ng sau un hoa c nng cht kh l 12Bx c d 20=1,048, khi lng dch
ng sau un hoa l: 1195,3.1,048=1252,7(kg)
Khi lng cht chit c trong dch ng sau un hoa l:
12
1252,7 = 150,3(kg)
100
Cng on nu, ng ho, lc tn tht cht chit l 3%, lng cht chit ban u l:
150,3
= 155,0(kg)
1 0,03
Ta c: 0,93219M = 155,0(kg)
Suy ra: Lng malt cn l M = 166,2(kg)
Lng go cn l 0,25M = 41,6(kg)
2. Lng b go v b malt
Lng malt em nu l 166,2kg trong :
Lng cht kh khng ho tan 100% 80% = 20%
m W = 6%
Tn tht khi nghin 0,5%
Suy ra lng cht kh trong b malt:
166,2.(1 0,005).(1 0,06).0,2 = 31,1(kg)
B c hm m 80%, khi lng b malt t l:
31,1
= 155,5(kg)
1 0,8
Lng go em nu l 41,6kg trong :

m 13%
Tn tht khi nghin 0,5%
Suy ra lng cht kh trong b go:
41,6.(1 0,005).(1 0,13).0,15 = 5,4(kg)
B c hm m 80%, khi lng b go t l:
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5,4
= 27,0(kg)
1 0,8
Tng lng b kh l: 31,1 + 5,4 = 36,5(kg)

Tng lng b t l: 155,5 + 27,0 = 182,5(kg)
Lng nc trong b l: 182,5 36,5 = 146(kg)
3. Lng nc dng trong nu v ra b

* Lng nc trong qu trnh h ho:
ni h ho c s dng lng malt lt bng 20% lng go, tng lng bt cho vo
ni cho l: (41,6 + 0,2.41,6).(1 0,005) = 49,7(kg)
T l phi trn nc:bt = 5:1, lng nc cho vo ni h ho l:
5.49,7 = 248,4(kg)
Tng khi lng dch bt trong ni h ho l:
49,7 + 248,4 = 298,1(kg)
Lng nc c sn trong nguyn liu:
41,6.(1 0,005).0,13 + 0,2.41,6.(1 0,005).0,06 = 5,9(kg)
Tng lng nc c trong ni h ho:
248,4 + 5,9 = 254,3(kg)
Trong qu trnh h ho lng nc bay hi khong 5%:
254,3.0,05 = 12,7(kg)
Khi lng dch cho cn li l: 298,1 12,7 = 285,4(kg)
* Lng nc trong qu trnh ng ho:
Lng malt cho vo ni ng ho:
(166,2 0,2.41,6).(1 0,005) = 157,1(kg)
T l phi trn nc:malt = 4:1, lng nc phi trn vi malt l:
4.157,1 = 628,4(kg)
Lng nc c sn trong malt l:
157,1.0,06 = 9,4(kg)
Khi chuyn ton b dch cho sang ni ng ho tng khi lng dch l:
157,1 + 628,4 + 285,4 = 1070,9(kg)
Tng lng nc c trong ni ng ho l:
628,4 + 9,4 + (254,3 12,7) = 879,4(kg)
Trong qu trnh ng ho lng nc bay hi khong 4%:
0,04.879,4 = 35,2(kg)
Lng nc cn li sau ng ho: 879,4 35,2 = 844,2(kg)
Khi lng dch ng cn li l: 1070,9 35,2 = 1035,7(kg)
* Lng nc ra b:
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Lng dch ng sau un hoa: 1252,7(kg)

Lng nc c trong dch ng sau un hoa:
(1
12
) 1252,7 = 1102,4(kg)
100
Khi un hoa tn tht 10% th tch dch do nc bay hi, lng nc trong dch
ng trc un hoa:
1102,4
= 1224,9(kg)
1 0,1
Lng nc trong b l: 146(kg)

Lng nc cn li sau ng ho l: 844,2(kg)
Suy ra lng nc ra b:
1224,9 + 146 844,2 = 526,7(kg)
* Dch lc:
Dch lc ban u: 1035,7 182,5 = 853,2(kg)
Tng lng dch lc: 853,2 + 526,7 = 1379,9(kg)
4. Lng hoa houblon s dng

Bia chai nu c ng 22 tc hm lng cht ng l 22mg/l.
Ly hiu sut trch ly cht ng trong qu trnh nu hoa l 30% th lng cht ng
ban u ng vi 1000l bia thnh phm l:
22
1000 = 73,3.103(mg) = 73,3(g)
0,3
S dng 80% hoa vin 8% axit ng v 20% cao hoa 60% axit ng. Gi
lng hoa vin s dng l m(g) th lng cao hoa s dng l 0,25m(g). Lng cht
ng trch ly c l: m 0,08 + 0,25m 0,60 = 0,23m(g)
Ta c: 0,23m = 73,3(g)
Suy ra: Lng hoa vin s dng l m = 318,8(g)
Lng cao hoa s dng l 0,25m = 79,7(g)
B hoa: coi lng cao hoa ho tan hon ton, hoa vin ho tan 40%, b hoa vin c
m 85% th lng b hoa vin l:
318,8 0,6
= 1275,2(g) 1,3(kg)
1 0,85
5. Cc nguyn liu khc

* Cc ho cht b sung trong qu trnh nu:
ni h ho v ni ng ho b sung acid lactics h pH ca dch xung 5,4
5,5 thun li cho hot ng ca h enzyme thu phn. Lng acid b sung vo ni h
ho bng khong 0,06% lng go, v lng acid b sung vo ni malt bng khong
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0,04% lng malt. Tng lng acid b sung l: 0,06% 41,6 + 0,04% 166,2 =
0,091(kg) = 91(g)
ni ng ho cn c b sung mt lng mui n to cho bia v m ,
lng mui tng ng vi 1000 lt bia l: 200g
* Cc ho cht b sung trong qu trnh lc dch bia:
Bt tr lc: Bt tr lc s dng y ch yu l diatomide (2 loi bt th v mn
c s dng l Hyflosuppercell v Standarlsuppercell) ngoi ra cn c vinyl
polypyriolidone. lc 1000 lt bia cn s dng khong 0,8 kg diatomide mi loi v
250 g vinyl polypyriolidone.
Sn phm bia chai cn c b sung cc ho cht chng oxyho, chng c l
polyclarlc, vicant, collupulin cng vi t tr lc ln 2. Lng ho cht b sung
tng ng vi 1000 lt bia l: 180g polycarlc, 30g vicant, 22g collupulin.
* Lng men ging s dng:
Men ging nui cy trc tip cp bng 10% lng dch a vo ln men:
0,1.1118,8 111,9(l)
Men sa cp bng 1% lng dch a vo ln men:
0,01.1118,8 11,2(l)
Men sa ti s dng 7 ln th trong 8 chu k ln men ch cn nhn men ging cho chu
k u cn ti s dng men sa cho 7 chu k sau.
* Sa men kt lng:
C 1000l bia cho 20l sa men c m 85%, trong c th ti s dng khong 10l.
Lng men ti s dng ca 1 tank c th nhn men cho 2 tank do thc t ch
ti s dng 5l sa men cn thi b 15l sa men kt lng.
* Cn lng:
Lng cn lng c m 80% chim khong 1,75% so vi nguyn liu. ng vi
1000l bia cn nu 166,2kg malt v 41,6kg go tc tng lng nguyn liu l: 166,2 +
41,6 = 207,8(kg).
Lng cn lng tng ng s l: 207,8.0,0175 = 3,6(kg)
Lng cn lng kh: 0,2.3,6 = 0,72(kg)
* Lng CO2:
Phng trnh ln men:
C12H22O11 + H2O 4C2H5OH + 4CO2 + Q
342g 18g
184g
176g
Lng dch trc ln men: 1118,8(l), c ng 12Bx c d20=1,048, khi lng
dch ng trc ln men l: 1118,8.1,048 = 1172,5(kg)
Khi lng cht chit trong dch ng trc ln men:
35
12
1172,5 = 140,7(kg )
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Quy v ng maltose, trong giai on ln men chnh coi 55% lng cht chit c
chuyn ho, lng CO2 to thnh l: 140,7
176
0,55 = 39,82(kg)
342
Ln men chnh tn hao th tch dch ln men l 3% th th tch bia non ng vi 1000
lt bia thnh phm l: 1118,8 0,97 = 1085,2(l)
Lng CO2 ho tan trong bia non l 2,5g/l, ng vi 1085,2lt bia non l: 2,5.1085,2 =
2713(g) 2,71(kg)
Lng CO2 thot ra l: 39,82 2,71 = 37,11(kg)
20C, 1atm, CO2 c khi lng ring 1,832kg/m3, th tch ca CO2 thot ra l:
37,11
= 20,26(m3)
1,832
Hiu sut thu hi CO2 l 70%, lng CO2 c th thu hi c l:

0,7.20,26 = 14,18(m3)
Trong qu trnh ln men ph 15% cht chit ca dch ng tip tc c chuyn
ho, lng CO2 to thnh tip tc c bo ho trong bia do hm lng CO2 trong
bia ti vo khong 4g/l.
Trong qu trnh lc CO2 b tht thot mt phn nn hm lng CO2 trong bia sau lc
vo khong 2g/l. Cui qu trnh lc cn cp CO2 p nt lng dch lc cui ng
thi trong qu trnh tng tr cn tip tc bo ho CO2 trong bia hm lng CO2 t
ti 4,5g/l. Lng CO2 cn bo ho 1046,9 lt bia sau lc l: (4,5 2).1046,9 =
2617,25(g) 2,62(kg)
Th tch CO2 cn bo ho thm l:
2,62
= 1,43(m3)
1,832
36
n tt nghip
* Bng tng kt nguyn liu chnh, bn thnh phm tng ng vi bia chai
TT Tn nguyn liu
1000 lt
1 m
1 ngy
1 nm
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Malt
Go
Nc nu cho
Nc ng ho
Nc ra b
B malt v go
Hoa vin
Cao hoa
Dch bt go
Dch cho
Dch malt
Dch ng
Dch sau lc
Dch ng
houblon ho
Dch ng em
ln men
Bia ti
Bia sau lc
Bia trc chit chai
Men nhn trc tip
Men ti s dng
166,2 kg
41,6 kg
248,4 lt
628,4 lt
527,6 lt
182,5 kg
318,8 g
79,7 g
298,1 kg
285,4 kg
1070,9 kg
1035,7 kg
1379,9 kg
1195,3 lt
5551 kg
1390 kg
8,297 m3
20,989m3
17,62 m3
6,1 tn
10,65 kg
2,66 kg
9,96 tn
9,54 tn
35,77 tn
34,59 tn
46,1 tn
39,92 m3
33,31 tn
8,34 tn
49,78 m3
125,94m3
105,73m3
36,58 tn
63,9 kg
15,96 kg
59,76 tn
57,24 tn
214,62tn
207,54tn
276,54tn
239,6m3
9992 tn
2502 tn
14934 m3
37782 m3
31719 m3
10973 tn
19170 kg
4788 kg
17928 tn
17172 tn
64386 tn
62262 tn
82960 tn
71880 m3
1118,8 lt
37,37 m3
224.22m3
67266 m3
1062,8 lt
1046,9 lt
1041,7 lt
111,9 lt
11,2 lt
35,5 m3
34,97m3
34,8m3
3,74 m3
374.08 lt
213m3
209,82m3
208,8m3
22,4m3
2,245 m3
63900 m3
62946 m3
62640 m3
6732m3
673,5 m3
37
n tt nghip
* Bng cc nguyn liu ph, sn phm ph tng ng bia chai:

TT Tn nguyn liu
1000 lt
1 m
1 ngy
1 Acid lactics
91 g
3,04 kg
18,24 kg
2 NaCl
200 g
6,68 kg
40,8 kg
3 Diatomide
0,8 kg
26,72 kg
160,32 kg
(mi loi)
4 Vinyl
250 g
8,5 kg
51 kg
polypyriolidone
5 Men kt lng
20 lt
668 lt
4008 lt
6 Men ti s dng
5 lt
167 lt
1002 lt
7 Men thi b
15 lt
501 lt
3006 lt
8 Polyclarlc
180 g
6,012 kg
36,07 kg
9 Vicant
33 g
1,1 kg
6,6 kg
10 Collupulin
22 g
734,8 g
4,41 kg
3
3
11 CO2 thot ra
20,26 m
676,68
4060,08m3
3
3
12 CO2 c th thu hi
14,18 m
473,6 m
2841,6 m3
13 CO2 cn bo ho
1,43 m3
47,76 m3 286,56 m3
38
1 nm
5472 kg
12024 kg
48096 kg
15300 kg
1202,4 m3
300,6 m3
901,8 m3
10821,6kg
1980 kg
1322.64kg
1218024m3
852480m3
85968 m3
n tt nghip
II. Tnh cn bng sn phm cho 1000l bia hi

1. Tnh lng go v lng malt
Gi lng malt cn sn xut 1000l bia hi l M(kg) th lng go cn l
0,25M(kg).
Lng cht chit thu c t M(kg) malt l:
M.(1 0,005).(1 0,06).0,8 = 0,74824M(kg)
Lng cht chit thu c t go l:
0,25M.(1 0,005).(1 0,13).0,85 = 0,18395M(kg)
Tng lng cht chit thu c l:
0,74824M + 0,18395M = 0,93219M(kg)
* Lng dch qua cc cng on ng vi 1000l bia hi thnh phm:
Cng on chit bock tn tht 1%, lng bia a vo chit bock l:
1000
= 1010,1(l)
1 0,01
Giai on tng tr v bo ho CO2 trc khi chit bock tn tht 0,5%, lng bia sau
lc l:
1010,1
= 1015,2(l)
1 0.005
Cng on lc bia tn tht 1,5%, lng bia sau ln men l:

1015,2
= 1030,6(l)
1 0,015
Cng on ln men tn tht 5%, lng dch ng trc ln men l:

1030,6
= 1084,9(l)
1 0,05
Cng on lng xoy v lnh nhanh tn tht 2,5% v tn tht do co th tch khong
4%, lng dch ng sau un hoa l:
1084,9
= 1159,1(l)
(1 0,025) (1 0,04)
Dch ng sau un hoa c nng cht kh 10,5Bx c d20 = 1,042. Khi lng
dch ng sau un hoa l: 1159,1.1,042 = 1207,7(kg)
Lng cht chit c trong dch ng sau un hoa l:
Ta c: 0,93219M = 126,8(kg)
Suy ra: Lng malt cn l M = 136,0(kg)
Lng go cn l 0,25M = 34,0(kg)
2. Lng b go v b malt
Lng malt em nu l 136,0kg.
39
10,5
1207 ,7 = 126,8(kg )
100
n tt nghip

m 6%
Tn tht trong qu trnh nghin l 0,5%
Lng b malt kh l: 136,0.(1 0,005).(1 0,06).0,2 = 25,4(kg)
B c hm m 80%, khi lng b malt t l:
25,4
= 127,2(kg)
1 0,8
Lng go em nu l 34,0kg.
Lng cht kh khng ho tan l 100% 85% = 15%
m 13%
Tn tht trong qu trnh nghin l 0,5%
Lng b go kh l: 34,0.(1 0,005).(1 0,13).0,15 = 4,4(kg)
B c hm m l 80%, khi lng b go t l:
4,4
= 22(kg )
1 0,8
Tng lng b kh: 25,4 + 4,4 = 29,8(kg)

Tng lng b t l: 127,2 + 22 = 149,2(kg)
Tng lng nc c trong b l: 149,2 29,8 = 119,4(kg)
3. Lng nc dng trong nu v ra b

* Lng nc dng trong qu trnh h ho:
ni cho s dng lng malt lt bng 20% lng go. Tng lng bt go v malt
lt cho vo ni cho l:
(34,0 + 0,2.34,0).(1 0,005) = 40,6(kg)
T l phi trn bt:nc = 1:5, lng nc cho vo ni cho l:
40,6.5 = 203,0(kg)
Tng khi lng dch bt trong ni h ho l:
40,6 + 203,0 = 243,6(kg)
Lng nc c sn trong bt go v malt lt l:
34,0.(1 0,005).0,13 + 0,2.34,0.(1 0,005).0,06 = 4,8(kg)
Tng lng nc c trong ni h ho l:
203,0 + 4,8 = 207,8(kg)
Trong qu trnh h ho lng nc bay hi khong 5% l:
0,05.207,8 = 10,4(kg)
Lng nc cn li trong dch cho sau h ho l:
207,8 10,4 = 197,4(kg)
Khi lng dch cho cn li l:
243,6 10,4 = 233,2(kg)
* Lng nc dng trong qu trnh ng ho:
40
n tt nghip
Lng malt cho vo ni ng ho l:

(136,0 0,2.34,0).(1 0,005) = 128,6(kg)
T l phi trn malt:nc = 1:4, lng nc ho trn vi bt malt l:
4.128,6 = 514,2(kg)
Lng nc c sn trong malt l:
128,6.0,06 = 7,7(kg)
Khi bm ton b dch cho sang ni ng ho th tng khi lng ca dch l:
(128,6 + 514,2) + 233,2 = 876,0(kg)
Tng lng nc c trong ni ng ho l:
(514,2 + 7,7) + 197,4 = 719,3(kg)
Trong qu trnh ng ho lng nc bay hi khong 4% l:
0,04.719,3 = 28,8(kg)
Sau qu trnh ng ho lng nc cn li trong dch ng l:
719,3 28,8 = 690,5(kg)
Khi lng dch ng cn li sau ng ho:
876,0 28,8 = 847,2(kg)
* Lng nc ra b:
Lng dch ng sau un hoa: 1207,7kg
Lng nc c trong dch ng sau un hoa l:
100 10,5
1207,7 = 1080,9(kg )
100
Trong qu trnh un hoa th tch dch gim 10% do nc bay hi. Lng nc trong
dch ng trc un hoa l:
1080,9
= 1201,0(kg)
1 0,1
Lng nc trong b l: 119,4 (kg)

Suy ra lng nc ra b l: 1201,0 + 119,4 690,5 = 629,9(kg)
* Dch lc:
Dch lc ban u: 847,2 151,1 = 696,1(kg)
Tng lng dch lc: 696,1 + 629,9 = 1326(kg)
4. Lng hoa houblon s dng

Bia hi nu c ng 18 tc hm lng cht ng l 18mg/l.
Ly hiu sut trch ly cht ng trong qu trnh nu hoa l 30% th lng cht ng
ban u ng vi 1000l bia thnh phm l:
18
1000 = 60.103(mg) = 60(g)
0,3
41
n tt nghip
S dng 80% hoa vin 8% axit ng v 20% cao hoa 60% axit ng. Gi
lng hoa vin s dng l m(g) th lng cao hoa s dng l 0,25m(g). Lng cht
ng trch ly c l: m 0,08 + 0,25m 0,60 = 0,23m(g)
Ta c: 0,23m = 60(g)
Suy ra: Lng hoa vin s dng l m = 260,9(g)
Lng cao hoa s dng l 0,25m = 65,2(g)
B hoa: coi lng cao hoa ho tan hon ton, hoa vin ho tan 40%, b hoa vin c
m 85% th lng b hoa vin l:
260,9 0,6
= 1043,5(g) 1,04(kg)
1 0,85
5. Cc nguyn liu khc

* Cc ho cht b sung trong qu trnh nu:
ni h ho v ni ng ho b sung acid lactics h pH ca dch xung 5,4
5,5 thun li cho hot ng ca h enzyme thu phn. Lng acid b sung vo ni h
ho bng khong 0,06% lng go, v lng acid b sung vo ni malt bng khong
0,04% lng malt. Tng lng acid b sung l: 0,06% 34,0 + 0,04% 136,0 =
0,075(kg) = 75(g)
ni ng ho cn c b sung mt lng mui n to cho bia v m ,
lng mui tng ng vi 1000 lt bia l: 200g
* Cc ho cht b sung trong qu trnh lc dch bia:
Bt tr lc: Bt tr lc s dng y ch yu l diatomide (2 loi bt th v mn
c s dng l Hyflosuppercell v Standarlsuppercell) ngoi ra cn c vinyl
polypyriolidone. lc 1000 lt bia cn s dng khong 0,8 kg diatomide mi loi v
250 g vinyl polypyriolidone.
* Lng men ging s dng:
Men ging nui cy trc tip cp bng 10% lng dch a vo ln men:
0,1.1084,9 108,5(l)
Men sa cp bng 1% lng dch a vo ln men:
0,01.1084,9 10,8(l)
Men sa ti s dng 7 ln th trong 8 chu k ln men ch cn nhn men ging cho chu
k u cn ti s dng men sa cho 7 chu k sau.
* Sa men kt lng:
C 1000l bia cho 20l sa men c m 85%, trong c th ti s dng khong 10l.
Lng men ti s dng ca 1 tank c th nhn men cho 2 tank do thc t ch
ti s dng 5l sa men cn thi b 15l sa men kt lng.
* Cn lng:
42
n tt nghip
Lng cn lng c m 80% chim khong 1,75% so vi nguyn liu. ng vi

1000l bia cn nu 136kg malt v 34kg go tc tng lng nguyn liu l: 136 + 34 =
170(kg).
Lng cn lng tng ng s l: 170.0,0175 = 3,0(kg)
Lng cn lng kh: 0,2.3,0 = 0,6(kg)
* Lng CO2:
Phng trnh ln men:
C12H22O11 + H2O = 4C2H5OH + 4CO2 + Q
342g 18g
184g
176g
Lng dch trc ln men: 1084,9(l), c ng 10,5Bx c d20=1,042. Khi lng
dch ng trc ln men l: 1084,9.1,042 = 1130,5(kg)
Khi lng cht chit trong dch ng trc ln men:
10,5
1130,5 = 118,7( kg )
100
Quy v ng maltose, trong giai on ln men chnh coi 55% lng cht chit c
chuyn ho, lng CO2 to thnh l: 118,7
176
0,55 = 33,6(kg)
342
Sau ln men chnh th tch dch gim 3%, th tch bia non ng vi 1000 lt bia thnh
phm l: 1084,9 0,97 = 1052,4(l)
Lng CO2 ho tan trong bia non l 2,5g/l, ng vi 1052,4lt bia non l: 2,5.1052,4 =
2631(g) 2,63(kg)
Lng CO2 thot ra l: 33,60 2,63 = 30,97(kg)
20C, 1atm, CO2 c khi lng ring 1,832kg/m3, th tch ca CO2 bay ra l:
30,97
1,832
= 16,91(m3)
Hiu sut thu hi CO2 l 70%, lng CO2 c th thu hi c l:
0,7.16,91 = 11,83(m3)
Trong qu trnh ln men ph 15% cht chit ca dch ng tip tc c chuyn
ho, lng CO2 to thnh tip tc c bo ho trong bia do hm lng CO2 trong
bia ti vo khong 4g/l.
Trong qu trnh lc CO2 b tht thot mt phn nn hm lng CO2 trong bia sau lc
vo khong 2g/l. Cui qu trnh lc cn cp CO2 p nt lng dch lc cui ng
thi trong qu trnh tng tr cn tip tc bo ho CO2 trong bia hm lng CO2 t
ti 4,5g/l. Lng CO2 cn bo ho 1015,2 lt bia sau lc l: (4,5 2).1015,2 =
2538(g) 2,54(kg)
Th tch CO2 cn bo ho thm l:
2,54
= 1,39( m 3 )
1,832
43
n tt nghip
* Bng tng kt nguyn liu chnh, bn thnh phm tng ng vi bia hi

TT Tn nguyn liu
1000 lt
1 m
1 ngy
1 nm
1 Malt
136,0 kg
4542,4 kg 27,25 tn 817632 tn
2 Go
34,0 kg
1135,6 kg 6,81 tn
2044,08tn
3
3
3 Nc nu cho
203,0 lt
6,78 m
40,68 m
12204 m3
4 Nc ng ho
514,2 lt 17,17m3
103,05m3 30913,7 m3
5 Nc ra b
631,4 lt 21,09 m3
126,53m3 37959,8 m3
6 B malt
151,1 kg
5,05 tn
30,28 tn 9084,13tn
7 Hoa vin
260,9 g
8,71 kg
52,3 kg
15,69 tn
8 Cao hoa
65,2 g
2,18 kg
13,07 kg
3919,8 kg
9 Dch bt go
243,6 kg
8,14 tn
48,82 tn 14645,23tn
10 Dch cho
233,2 kg
7,79 tn
46,73 tn
14019,98 tn
11 Dch malt
876,0 kg
29,26 tn 175,55tn
52665,12 tn
12 Dch ng
847,2 kg
28,3 tn 169,78tn
50933,66 tn
13 Dch lc
1327,5 kg 44,34 tn 266,03tn 79809,3 tn
14 Dch ng
1159,1 lt
38,71m3
232,3m3 69685 m3
houblon ho
15 Dch i ln men
1084,9 lt
36,24m3
217,4m3 65224,2 m3
16 Bia ti
1030,6 lt
34,42
206,53m3 61959,7 m3
17 Bia sau lc
1015,2 lt
33,91
203,45m3 61033,8 m3
18 Bia trc chit
1010,1 lt
33,74
202,42m3 60727,2 m3
bock
19 Men nhn trc tip
108,5 lt
3624 lt
21,74 m3 6523 m3
Men ti s dng
10,8 lt
360,72 lt
2,16 m3
649,3 m3
44
n tt nghip
* Bng cc nguyn liu ph, sn phm ph tng ng bia hi:

TT Tn nguyn liu
1000 lt
1 m
1 ngy
1 Acid lactics
75 g
2,51 kg
15,03 kg
2 NaCl
200 g
6,68 kg
40,08 kg
3 Diatomide
0,8 kg
26,72 kg
160,32 kg
(mi loi)
4 Vinyl
250 g
8,5 kg
51 kg
polypyriolidone
5 Men kt lng
20 lt
668 lt
4008 lt
6 Men ti s dng
5 lt
167 lt
1002 lt
7 Men thi b
15 lt
501 lt
3006 lt
3
3
8 CO2 thot ra
16,91 m
564,8 m
3388,76m3
9 CO2 c th thu hi 11,83 m3
395,12m3 2370,73m3
3
10 CO2 cn bo ho 1,39 m
46,43 m3
278,56 m3
45
1 nm
4509 kg
12024 kg
48096 kg
15300 kg
1202,4m3
300,6 m3
901,8 m3
1016628 m3
711219,6 m3
83566,8 m3
n tt nghip
III. Ho cht v sinh:

1. Ha cht v sinh cc ni nu:
Cc ho cht dng v sinh cc ni nu l: dung dch NaOH 2%, dung dch HNO3
0,1%, dung dch nc clo 10%.
Cn c theo nhp nu: Gia cc m nu trong ngy ch cn v sinh cc ni nu
bng nc nng. Trong cc khong ngh di v sinh cc ni nu bng ho cht ty
ra, kh trng. Th tch dung dch cc ho cht cn s dng cho mt ln v sinh nh
k khong 8% th tch ni nu ln nht ( l ni hoa) theo th tch cc dung dch v
sinh l: 0,08 30,4 = 2,43(m3), tc khi lng dung dch khong 2430kg. Lng cc
ho cht cn s dng tng ng l:
NaOH dng ht khan: 2% 2430 = 48,6(kg NaOH)
Dung dch acid nitric m c (63%): 0,1% 2430 / 63% = 3,86(kg HNO3 63%)
Bt Cloramin: 10% 2430 = 243(kg cloramin)
nh k 1 tun v sinh cc ni nu 1 ln th theo lch sn xut mt nm cn v sinh
khong 50 ln, khi lng ho cht tiu hao l:
NaOH: 50 48,6 = 2430(kg NaOH)
HNO3 63%: 50 3,86 = 193(kg HNO3 63%)
Cloramin: 50 243 = 12150(kg cloramin)
2. Ha cht v sinh cc thit b ln men, tng tr bia:

Cc ho cht dng v sinh cc thit b ln men l: dung dch NaOH 2%, dung dch
Trimeta HC 2%, dung dch P3 oxonia 0,5%.
Theo nhp sn xut mi ngy sn xut phi v sinh mt tank ln men, ngoi ra cn
phi v sinh h thng nhn men hay ti s dng men kt lng v cc tank tng tr.
Th tch cc dung dch CIP cn s dng mt ngy bng khong 8% th tch mt tank
ln men: 8% 140,8 = 11,3(m3)
Lng ho cht cn v sinh h thng ln men mt ngy l:
NaOH: 2% 11300 = 226(kg NaOH)
Trimeta HC: 2% 11300 = 226(kg Trimeta HC)
P3 oxonia: 0,5% 11300 = 56,5(kg P3 oxonia)
Mt nm tng ng vi 300 ngy sn xut cn lng ho cht v sinh l:
NaOH: 300 226 = 67800(kg NaOH)
Trimeta HC: 300 226 = 67800(kg Trimeta HC)
P3 oxonia: 300 56,5 = 16950(kg P3 oxonia)
Tng lng NaOH cn v sinh cho c nh my mt nm l:
2430 + 67800 = 70230(kg NaOH)
46
n tt nghip
Bng tng kt cc ho cht ty ra, st trng cn dng:

TT
1
2
3
4
5
Tn ho cht
NaOH
HNO3 63%
Cloramin
Trimeta HC
P3 oxonia
47
1 nm
70230 kg
193 kg
12150 kg
67800 kg
16950 kg
n tt nghip
Phn IV: Tnh v chn thit b

I. Tnh v chn thit b cho phn xng nu
Theo k hoch sn xut mt m nu ca bia hi v bia chai cng cho sn lng
bia thnh phm nh nhau, ch khc l nu bia chai s dng nhiu nguyn liu hn bia
hi (tr lng nc ra b). Do ta tnh ton thit b ch yu theo bia chai.
1. Cn, gu ti
* Cn: Nguyn liu c cn theo tng m.
Chn cn hoa loi 20 kg.
Chn cn go v malt lt c kh nng cn cao nht 1000kg, chnh xc 1kg, c kch
thc: di 1m, rng 0,8m, cao 1m.
Cn malt dng 3 cn in t c gn vi xylo; xylo c kch thc: ng knh
0,8m, cao 1,5m, y cn 60 cha c khong 500kg malt; kt qu cn khi lng
malt c tnh l tr s trung bnh do 3 cn a ra.
* Gu ti: Chn gu ti c nng sut vn chuyn 4500 kg/h c thng s k thut:
Kch thc: rng 0,5m, cao 2 4m
Vn tc ko 1,2 1,4m/s
Cng sut ng c 0,8kW
2. My nghin
* My nghin go: Mt m nu s dng 695 kg go. Chn my nghin go l my
nghin ba c nng sut 8000kg/h c cc thng s k thut:
Kch thc bung nghin: ng knh 500mm, chiu rng 200mm
Kch thc my: di 1,85m, rng 1,6m, cao 1,65m
* My nghin malt: Mt m nu lng malt cn nghin l 2775kg. Chn my nghin
malt t c cng sut 4000kg/h c cc thng s k thut:
Vt liu ch to: thp khng g chu mi mn
Kch thc thit b: di 1m, rng 0,8m, cao 3,2m
Kch thc trc nghin: ng knh 250mm, di 600mm
S i trc: 2
Khong cch gia 2 trc: 1,25m
Nc ngm malt c nhit 65C, lng nc dng ngm 60l/100kg. Tng
thi gian ngm v nghin khng qu 30 pht. Khi thu phn ca ht tng ln 20%.
3. Ni h ho
Tng khi lng dch bt trong ni h ho l ng vi mt m nu: 9,96 tn.
48
n tt nghip
Khi lng ring ca hn hp dch bt l 1,07(tn/m3)

Th tch ca hn hp trong ni h ho l:
9,96
= 9,31(m3)
1,07
Th tch s dng ca ni l 75%, th tch ca ni cn t l:
9,31
= 12,41(m3)
0,75
* Chn thit b h ho l thit b thn hnh tr, y chm cu, np nn, lm bng thp
khng g, c cc thng s nh sau: H = 0,6D; h1 = 0,2D; h2 = 0,15D.
h2
h1
Th tch ni:
V = Vtr + Vy =
D 2
D 2
H +(
h1 + h13 ) =
4
8
6
D 2
D 2
0,6 D +
0,2 D + (0,2 D) 3 = 0,554D3
4
8
6
3
Ta c: 0,554D = 12,41(m3). Suy ra: D = 2,8m.
Quy chun: D = 2,8m. H = 1,68m; h1 = 0,56m; h2 = 0,42m.
V o hi v bo n dy 100mm, ng knh ngoi thng: Dng = 3,0m.

Th tch thc ca ni l: V = 0,554D3 = 0,554.2,83 = 12,16(m3).
Chiu cao phn 2 v: H2v = 0,8.D = 2,24m
Chn cnh khuy c ng knh: d = 0,8D = 2,24m, tc khuy 32v/ph.
Ly din tch b mt truyn nhit 0,5m2/m3 dch, th tch dch trong ni h ho l
9,31m3, tng din tch b mt truyn nhit ca ni l:
F = 0,5.9,31 4,66(m2)
4. Ni ng ho
Tng khi lng dch trong ni ng ho ng vi mt m nu l: 35,77 tn.
Dch bt c khi lng ring l 1,08(tn/m3), th tch dch trong ni ng ho l:
35,77
= 33,12(m3)
1,08
49
n tt nghip
33,12
= 44.16(m 3 )
0,75
* Chn thit b ng ho l thit b thn hnh tr, y chm cu, np nn lm bng

thp khng g, c cc thng s nh sau: H = 0,6D; h1 = 0,2D; h2 = 0,15D.
h2
h1
Th tch ni:
V = Vtr + Vy =
D 2
D 2
H +(
h1 + h13 ) =
4
8
6
D 2
D 2
0,6 D +
0,2 D + (0,2 D) 3 = 0,554D3
4
8
6
Ta c: 0,554D3 = 44,16m3. Suy ra: D = 4,3m.

Th tch thc ca ni: V = 0,554D3 = 0,554.4,33 = 44,05(m3).
V o hi v bo n dy 100mm, ng knh ngoi l: Dng = 4,5m.
Chiu cao phn hai v: H2v = 0,8D = 3,44m.
Chn cnh khuy c ng knh: d = 0,8D = 3,44m. Tc khuy 32v/ph.
Din tch b mt truyn nhit 0,5m2/m3 dch, th tch dch trong ni ng ho l
33,12m3, tng din tch b mt truyn nhit ca ni l:
F = 0,5.33,12 16,56(m2)
5. Thng lc y bng
Thng y bng, thn tr, np nn h2 = 0,15D.
50
n tt nghip
h2
Khi lng b malt v go tng ng vi mt m nu l: 6,1 tn

Khi lng ring ca b l: 0,75 tn/m3
Th tch b l:
6,1
= 8,13(m3)
0,75
Chn chiu cao lp b l: 0,5m

Din tch y lc:
8,13
= 16,26(m2)
0,5
ng knh thng lc l: D =
4 16,26
4,55(m)
Quy chun: D = 4,6m. Lp v bo n dy 100mm, ng knh ngoi ca thng l:

Dng = 4,8m.
Np nn: h2 = 0,15D = 0,69m.
D 2 4,6 2
=
= 16,6(m 2 )
Din tch y lc thc t: S =
4
4
Khi lng dch cn li sau ng ho: 34,59 tn
Khi lng cht chit c trong dch ng sau un hoa l:
33400
150,3 = 5020 (kg )
1000
Qu trnh lc b v un hoa tn tht cht chit l 2%, khi lng cht chit c trong
dch ng trc lc l:
5020
= 5122,45(kg)
1 0,02
Hm lng cht chit trong dch ng sau ng ho l:

5122,45
100% = 14,81%
34590
Khi lng ring ca dch ng sau ng ho l: 1,06 tn/m3

Th tch ring ca dch ng sau ng ho l:
51
34,59
= 32,63(m3)
1,06
n tt nghip
Chiu cao ca lp dch lc trong ni: hd =
32,63
Vd
=
= 1,966(m)
16,6
S
Th tch s dng ca thng l 70%, chiu cao thn tr ca thng l:

Ht =
hd
1,966
=
= 2,81(m)
0,7
0,7
y gi cch y tht 2cm, chiu cao thng phn thn tr ca thng l:

H = Ht + 0,02 = 2,81 + 0,02 = 2,83(m)
D 2
.4,6 2
H =
2,83 = 47(m 3 ) .
4
4
H thng co b quay vi tc 16v/ph.
Th tch thc ca ni: V =
Li lc thit k cc khe hnh nm kch thc 0,5mm 70mm, din tch thot dch
trn tng din tch sn: 14%. Ca thot dch hnh cn vi gc m rng. Dao co b
c ch to bng ng thau.
* Ca x b c thit k c ng knh 30cm c ng m bng ng c in. B
x ra c vt ti y sang xylo cha.
6. Ni nu hoa
Dch sau nu hoa c th tch: 39,923 m3
Qu trnh un hoa th tch dch gim 10% do nc bay hi, th tch dch trc un
hoa:
39,923
= 44,36(m 3 )
1 0,1
44,36
= 63,37( m 3 )
0,7
* Chn thit b un hoa l thit b thn hnh tr, y chm cu, np nn lm bng
thp khng g, c cc thng s nh sau: H = 0,6D; h1 = 0,2D; h2 = 0,15D.
h2
h1
Th tch ni:
V = Vtr + Vy =
D 2
D 2
H +(
h1 + h13 ) =
4
8
6
52
n tt nghip
D 2
D 2
0,6 D +
0,2 D + (0,2 D) 3 = 0,554D3
4
8
6
3
Ta c: 0,554D = 63,37m3
Suy ra: D = 4,854m. Quy chun: D = 4,9m.
V o hi v bo n dy 100mm, ng knh ngoi ca ni hoa: Dng = 5,1m.

H = 3,06m; h1 = 1,02m; h2 = 0,765m.
Chiu cao phn 2 v: H2v = 0,8D = 4,08m.
`
3
3
Th tch thc ca ni: V = 0,554D = 65,18m .
Ngoi v o hi thit b cn c thit k thit b gia nhit trung tm kiu ng chm
tng cng qu trnh un si mnh lit dch ng. Din tch trao i nhit
0,5m2/m3 dch, th tch dch trong ni hoa l 44,36m3. Tng din tch b mt trao i
nhit: F = 0,5.44,36 22,18(m2)
7. Thng lng xoy

y bng hi nghing 3 - 5, thn tr H = 0,8D, np nn h2 = 0,15D.
h2
D 2
H = 0,628D3
4
Th tch dch sau un hoa: 39,923m3
Th tch thng: V =
H s y ca thng l 75%, th tch thng cn t l:
39,923
= 53,23(m3)
0,75
Ta c: 0,628D3 = 53,23m3. Suy ra: D = 4,58m

Quy chun: D = 4,6m. H = 3,7m; h2 = 0,69m.
Thnh thng dy 5mm, ng knh ngoi thng: Dng = 4,6m
Th tch thc ca thng: V = 0,628D3 = 0,628.4,63 = 61,13(m3).
8. Thit b lnh nhanh v sc kh

* Chn thit b lnh nhanh l thit b trao i nhit dng tm bn c nng sut
30m3/h c cc thng s k thut:
S cp: 1
Cht ti nhit: nc, nhit u vo ca cht ti nhit: 2C
53
n tt nghip
Kch thc my: di 2000mm, rng 700mm, cao 1600mm

S v: 171
* Chn thit b sc kh c b phn lc v trng s dng than hot tnh, thit b sc
kh vo dch ng, cc ph kin km theo: ng lu lng, van mt chiu, van gim
p...
9. Thng nc nu
Chn thng cha nc nng v nc lnh c th tch nh nhau, thng thn tr H =
1,5D, y bng, np chm cu nh ln: h2 = 0,1D.
D 2
D 2
H =
1,5 D = 1,178D3
4
4
Mt m nu bia chai lng nc s dng l:
Th tch thng l:
Nc nu cho: 8,297 m3
Nc ng ho: 20,989 m3
Nc ra b: 17,622 m3
Nc v sinh khong 8% th tch ni ln nht l ni hoa:
0,08.65,18 = 5,21 (m3)
Tng cng lng nc cn dng trong mt m nu bia chai l:
8,297 + 20,989 + 17,622 + 5,21 = 52,12(m3)
Nh vy lng nc cn s dng cho mt m nu ln nht l 52,12 m3 tnh theo bia
chai. Ta ly mi thng cha lng nc dng cho 1 m nu, tc l cha c:
52,12(m3)
Th tch cha ca thng 85%, th tch thng cn t:
52,12
= 61,32(m3)
0,85
Ta c: 1,178D3 = 61,32m3 Suy ra: D = 3,734m.

Quy chun: D = 3,8m. H = 5,7m; h2 = 0,38m.
Th tch thc ca thng: V = 1,178D3 = 1,178.3,83 = 64,64(m3).
thng nc nng, nc c un nng ti nhit 85C bng hi nc bo ho
cp qua ng ng xon rut g.
Lp v bo n dy 100mm. ng knh ngoi thng: Dng = 4,0m.
10. H thng cip nu

H thng CIP nu gm: 1 thng NaOH 2% nng, 1 thng nc clo 10%, 1thng
HNO3 0,1%.
Chn thng CIP lm bng thp khng g, thn tr H = 1,5D, y cu: h 1 = 0,1D, np
cu h2 = 0,1D. Th tch mi thng:
D 2 h1 h13
D 2
D 2
D 2 0,1D (0,1D) 3
H +(
+
) =
1,5 D +
+
V=
= 1,218D3
4
54
n tt nghip
Lng CIP ra thng bng 5 8% th tch thng. Ta tnh cho thng nu hoa l
thng c th tch ln nht 65,18 m3, th tch s dng ca thng l 80% th th tch cc
thng CIP cn t: 0,08.65,18/0,8 = 6,518(m3).
Ta c: 1,218D3 = 6,518(m3) Suy ra: D = 1,75(m).
Th tch thc ca mi thng: V = 1,218D3 = 1,218.1,83 = 7,1(m3)
Cc thng c thnh dy 5mm, ng knh ngoi ca cc thng: Dng = 1,81m
55
n tt nghip
II. Tnh v chn thit b cho phn xng ln men

1. Tank ln men
Chn tank ln men l thit b thn tr ng knh D, y cn gc cn y l
60, np cu h4 = 0,1D. Phn tr trng khng cha dch c chiu cao h3, phn tr
cha dch c chiu cao h2 = 1,5D, phn y cn c chiu cao h1 = 0,866D
h4
h3
D
h2
h1
Th tch hu ch ca thit b l:
h
D 2
D 2
0,866 D
( h2 + 1 ) =
(1,5 D +
) = 1,405D3
4
3
4
3
Ly th tch phn trng ca thit b chim 15% tng th tch c th cha ca thng, ta
Vhi =
15
D 2
Vhi
h3 =
85
4
Suy ra: h3 = 0,316D
Tng th tch ca thit b l: V = 1,653D3
c: Vtr =
ng vi mt m nu th tch dch a i ln men l: 18,68m3

Ta s dng thng ln men c th cha c lng dch ng vi 6 m nu, tc l c
th tch hu ch t: 3.37,37 = 112,11(m3)
Ta c: 1,405D3 = 112,11(m3) Suy ra: D = 4,305(m)
Quy chun: D = 4,4m; h1 = 3,81m; h2 = 6,6m; h3 = 1,39m; h4 = 0,44m
Th tch thc ca thit b l: V = 1,653D3 = 1,653.4,43 = 140,8(m3)
Tank ln men c lp o lnh v cch nhit dy 100mm, ng knh ngoi ca tank l:
Dng = 4,6m
56
n tt nghip
Mt ngy nu lng dch ng c cha vo 2 tank ln men, chu k ln men ko

di 17 ngy i vi sn phm bia chai.Do s tank cng s dng l 34 tank, cng
vi 1 tank d tr th s tank ln men cn l 35 tank.
2. Thit b nhn ging cp II

Chn thit b nhn ging cp II l thit b thn tr ng knh D, y cn gc
cn y l 60, np cu nh ln h4 = 0,1D. Phn tr trng khng cha dch c chiu
cao h3, phn tr cha dch c chiu cao h2 = D, phn y cn c chiu cao h1 =
0,866D
h1
D 2
D 2
0,866 D
( h2 + ) =
(D +
) = 1,012D3
Vhi =
4
3
4
3
Ly th tch phn trng ca thit b bng 1/5 th tch hu ch ca thit b, ta c: Vtr =
D 2
h3 = 0,2Vhi
4
Suy ra: h3 = 0,258D
Th tch hu ch ca thit b bng 1/10 th tch dch ln men trong 1 tank ln men:
0,1.112,08 = 11,21(m3)
Ta c: Vhi = 1,012D3 = 11,21(m3) Suy ra: D = 2,23(m)
Quy chun: D = 2,2m; h1 =1,91m ; h2 = 2,2m; h3 = 0,57m; h4 = 0,22m
Th tch thc ca thit b l: V = 1,215D3 = 1,215.2,23 = 12,9(m3)
Thng nhn ging c v o lnh v cch nhit dy 100mm, ng knh ngoi ca
thit b l: Dng = 2,4m.
3. Thit b nhn ging cp I

Chn thit b nhn ging cp I l thit b thn tr ng knh D, y cn gc
cn y l 60, np cu nh ln h4 = 0,1D. Phn tr trng khng cha dch c chiu
cao h3, phn tr cha dch c chiu cao h2 = D, phn y cn c chiu cao h1 =
0,866D
h
D 2
D 2
0,866 D
( h2 + 1 ) =
(D +
) = 1,012D3
4
3
4
3
Ly th tch phn trng ca thit b bng 1/5 th tch hu ch ca thit b, ta c: Vtr =
Vhi =
D 2
h3 = 0,2Vhi
4
Suy ra: h3 = 0,258D
57
n tt nghip

Th tch hu ch ca thit b bng 1/3 th tch dch nhn men cp II:
11,21/3 = 3,74(m3)
Ta c: 1,012D3 = 3,74(m3) Suy ra: D = 1,55(m)
Th tch thc ca thit b: V = 1,215D3 = 1,215.1,63 =5,0(m3)
Thit b c v o lnh v cch nhit dy 100mm, ng kinh ngoi ca thit b l: D ng
= 1,8m.
4. Thit b ra men sa kt lng

Chn thit b ra men l thit b thn tr ng knh D, y cn gc cn y
l 60, np cu nh ln h4 = 0,1D. Phn tr trng khng cha dch c chiu cao h3,
phn tr cha dch c chiu cao h2 = 1,2D, phn y cn c chiu cao h1 = 0,866D
h
D 2
D 2
0,866 D
( h2 + 1 ) =
(1,2 D +
) = 1,169D3
4
3
4
3
Ly th tch phn trng ca thit b bng 1/4 th tch hu ch ca thit b, ta c: V tr =
Vhi =
D 2
h3 = 0,25Vhi
4
Suy ra: h3 = 0,372D
Lng sa men kt lng ng vi 1000l bia l 20l, vi 1 tank ln men c th tch dch
l 112,08m3 th th tch sa men kt lng l:
112110
20 = 2242,2(l)
1000
Th tch hu ch ca thit b ra men phi gp 2 ln th tch men thu hi, tc l

khong: 2.2242,2 = 4484,4(l)
Ta c: 1,169D3 = 4,4844(m3) Suy ra: D = 1,57(m)
Th tch thc ca thit b: V = 1,462D3 = 1,462.1,63 = 6,0(m3)
Thit b c v o lnh v cch nhit dy 100mm, ng knh ngoi ca thit b l: D ng
= 1,8m.
5. Thit b hot ho men

Chn thit b hot ho men l thit b thn tr ng knh D, y cn gc cn
y l 60, np cu nh ln h4 = 0,1D. Phn tr trng khng cha dch c chiu cao
h3, phn tr cha dch c chiu cao h2 = 1,2D, phn y cn c chiu cao h1 = 0,866D
58
n tt nghip
h
D 2
D 2
0,866 D
( h2 + 1 ) =
(1,2 D +
) = 1,169D3
4
3
4
3
Ly th tch phn trng ca thit b bng 1/4 th tch hu ch ca thit b, ta c: V tr =
Vhi =
D 2
h3 = 0,25Vhi
4
Suy ra: h3 = 0,372D

Thit b phi cha c lng dch bng 1/100 th tch dch ln men ng vi 1 tank
ln men: 0,01.112,11 = 1,12(m3)
Ta c: 1,169D3 = 1,12(m3) Suy ra: D = 0,99(m)
Quy chun: D = 1m; h1 = 0,87m; h2 = 1,2m; h3 = 0,37m; h4 = 0,1m
Th tch thc ca thit b l: V = 1,462D3 = 1,462.13 = 1,5(m3)
Thit b c v o lnh v cch nhit dy 100mm, ng knh ngoi ca thit b l: D ng
= 1,2m
6. H thng cip lnh:

H thng CIP lnh gm: 1 thng NaOH 2%, 1 thng Trimeta HC 2%, 1
thng P3 oxonia 0,5%.
Chn thng CIP lm bng thp khng g, thn tr H = 1,5D, y cu: h 1 = 0,1D, np
cu h2 = 0,1D. Th tch mi thng:
D 2 h1 h13
D 2
D 2
D 2 0,1D (0,1D) 3
H +(
+
) =
1,5 D +
+
V=
= 1,218D3
4
Lng CIP ra thng bng 5-8% th tch thng. Ta tnh cho 1 tank ln men c th
tch 140,8(m3), h s s dng ca cc thng CIP l 80% th th tch mi thng cn
t: 0,08.140,8/0,8 = 14,08(m3)
Ta c: 1,218D3 = 14,08(m3) Suy ra: D = 2,26(m)
Quy chun: D = 2,3m; H = 3,5m; h1 = 0,23m; h2 = 0,23m
Th tch thc ca mi thng: V = 1,218D3 = 1,218.2,33 = 15,0(m3)
Cc thng c thnh dy 5mm, ng knh ngoi ca cc thng: Dng = 2,31m
7. Thng tng tr v bo ho CO2

tng tr, bo ho CO2 v n nh bia sau lc ta s dng 4 thng cha thn
tr ng knh D, y cu: h1 = 0,1D, np cu: h2 = 0,1D, chiu cao thn tr: H =
1,5D. Th tch ca thit b:
D 2 h1 h13
D 2
D 2
D 2 0,1D (0,1D) 3
H +(
+
) =
1,5 D +
+
V=
= 1,218D3
4
59
n tt nghip
Th tch hu ch ca thit b chim 85% tng th tch ca thit b:

Vhi = 0,85V = 1,035D3
Lng bia sau lc ng vi mt tank ln men cng chnh l ng vi mt ngy nu l:
104,91(m3), do mi tank tng tr phi cha c: 104,91/4 = 26,23 (m 3). Ta c:
Vhi = 1,035D3 = 26,23(m3) Suy ra: D = 2,94(m)
Quy chun: D = 3,0m; h1 = 0,3m; h2 = 0,3m; H = 4,5m
Thit b c v o lnh v cch nhit dy 100mm, ng knh ngoi ca thit b: Dng =
3,2m
60
n tt nghip
III. Tnh v chn thit b cho phn xng hon thin

1. Thit b lc trong bia
Lng bia cn lc mt m 35,5 m3
Mt m thit b hot ng trong 2h
Nng sut thit b l :
35,5/2 = 17,8 m3/h
Chn my lc khung bn c nng sut 25m3/h .
Phn thn my c lm bng thp v c ph kn bng mt lp thp khng g,
cc tm lc c nn bng trc vt tay quay.
My lc khung bn c kch thc 3 1,5m
2. Thng tng tr v bo ho CO2

tng tr, bo ho CO2 v n nh bia sau lc ta s dng 4 thng cha
thn tr ng knh D, y cu: h1 = 0,1D, np cu: h2 = 0,1D, chiu cao thn
tr: H = 1,5D. Th tch ca thit b:
D 2 h1 h13
D 2
D 2
D 2 0,1D (0,1D) 3
H
+
(
+
)
1
,
5
D
+
+
V=
=
= 1,218D3
4
8
6
4
8
6
Th tch hu ch ca thit b chim 85% tng th tch ca thit b:

Vhi = 0,85V = 1,035D3
Lng bia sau lc ng vi mt tank ln men cng chnh l ng vi mt ngy
nu l: 104,69(m3), do mi tank tng tr phi cha c: 104,69/4 = 26,17
(m3). Ta c: Vhi = 1,035D3 = 26,17(m3) Suy ra: D = 2,93(m)
Quy chun: D = 3,0m; h1 = 0,3m; h2 = 0,3m; H = 4,5m
Thit b c v o lnh v cch nhit dy 100mm, ng knh ngoi ca thit
b: Dng = 3,2m
3. H thng chit bock
Lng bia hi ln nht mt ngy sn xut l: 200000(l)
Chn bock c dung tch 50(l) th s bock s dng trong ngy l:
200000/50 = 4000(bock)
* My ra bock:
61
n tt nghip
Ngy lm vic 12h, h s s dng my l 0,8 th nng sut ca my ra bock cn t:

4000
= 417(bock/h)
12 0,8
Chn my ra bock c thng s k thut:

Nng sut: 420 bock/h
Kch thc: 1,5m 2,2m 2,1m
Nhit nc nng: 50 55C
Tn hao nc nng: 6 m3/h 0,4 at
Tn hao nc ngui: 2 m3/h 0,4 at
Cng sut ng c: 2,5 kW
* My chit bock:
Ngy lm vic 12h, h s s dng my l 0,8 th nng sut my chit bock cn t:
200000
= 20834(l/h)
12 0,8
Chn my chit bock thng s k thut:

Nng sut 22000 l/h
Kch thc my: 4,15m 1,6m 3,85m
S vi chit: 3
Khong cch gia 2 vi: 1,4m
Cng sut: 0,8 kW
p sut d: 0,7 at
4. H thng chit chai

Lng bia chai ln nht mt ngy sn xut l 200000(l)
Chn chai c dung tch 450ml th s chai cn dng mt ngy l:
200000
= 444445(chai)
0,45
Ngy lm vic 24h, h s s dng my l 0,8 th nng sut my cn t:

444445
= 23149(chai/h)
24 0,8
* Chn my ra chai c thng s k thut:

Nng sut:25000 chai/h
Kch thc: 6,5m 3,44m 2,8m
Th tch b cha kim: 8m3
ng knh van xi kim: 35mm
Chu k mt vng: 12,9 pht
Thi gian ngh: 1,9 pht
62
n tt nghip
S bm: 2 chic
Nng sut bm: 10 m3/h
Cng sut ng c: 7 kW
* Chn my chit chai c thng s k thut:
Nng sut: 30000 chai/h
Kch thc: 3,5m 2m 3,2m
p sut kh nn: 2,5 bar
p sut nc cp ca bm cao p: 1 2 bar
p sut CO2 vo: 2,5 3 bar
chn khng: 0,85 0,97 bar
* Chn thit b thanh trng l hm thanh trng (tunel) c thng s k thut:
Kch thc 18m 2,7m 2,2m
Cng sut lp t 4,1 kW, s dng in p 3 pha: 400V, 50Hz
p sut kh nn: 6 7 bar, 150 l/ph
Hi 3 4 bar, 6 8 m3/h
Ting n: < 70db
Thng s hot ng:
Tc bng ti chnh: 0,339 m/ph
Nhit u vo: 4C
Nhit nc cp: 18C
Nhit nc u ra: 25 36C
Chu k chai vo ra khi my l: 62 pht
Chu k hot ng: 60 pht.Trong thi gian gia nhit 27 pht, gi nhit 10 pht, h
nhit 23 pht.
Hm thanh trng c 8 khoang, mi khoang phun nc nng mt nhit khc
nhau.
Gia nhit 419C bng nc 28C
Gi nhit 64C bng nc 68C
H nhit 6459C bng nc 62C
* Chn my dn nhn c thng s k thut:
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Kch thc my: 3,56m 1,2m 1,5m

Tc quay: 15 v/ph
Cng sut ng c: 0,8 kW
Trng lng my: 300 kg
S dng keo Krones hay Eticol 6300
* Chn my bn ch c thit b cm bin, iu khin t ng
* Chn my xp kt
Mt kt cha c 20 chai, my xp kt cn t nng sut:
23149
= 1158(kt/h)
20
Chn my xp kt c thng s k thut:

Nng sut: 1500 kt/h
Kch thc my: 1,5m 1m 2,5m
* Chn my ra kt c thng s k thut:
Nng sut: 1500 kt/h
Kch thc my: 4m 0,7m 1,5m
* Cc thit k v trang b ph tr:
Cc ni nu, tank, thng cha u c thit k cc ng ng vo ra, qu cu CIP,
ca quan st, v sinh, cp ho cht. Cc thit b c v o hi c trang b ng
h o p sut hi, cm bin o nhit nu. Cc tank ln men, nhn men c
trang b ng h o p lc CO2, cm bin o nhit . Cc thit b c kch thc v
khi lng khng qu ln c thit k cc chn bng thp, cc thit b c kch
thc v khi lng ln nh tank ln men, thng cha nc c t trn b b
tng. Cc v tr thao tc trn cao c thit k sn thao tc thp hn khong 75cm, c
cu thang ln xung thun tin trong qu trnh sn xut.
Ngoi ra cc ni nu cn c thit k ng hi c ng knh 30cm bng khong
1/10 ng knh cc ni nu, thit k ny nhm mc ch to dng hi bc ln
mnh trnh s nhim tp c bit l trong giai on lng xoy.
Cc thng ra men, hot ho men, nhn men cn c trang b cnh khuy nhiu
tng, thng ra men c trang b cn in t.
Dy chuyn chit chai c thit k h thng xch ti vn chuyn chai c trang b h
thng phun nc bi trn, t trn cc chn c mng hng nc.
64
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Phn V: Tnh ton nhu cu nng lng, nhu cu nc

ca nh my
I. Tnh nhit lnh
1. Lng nhit lnh cn cp cho thit b lnh nhanh
Lng dch ng i ln men ng vi mt m nu bia chai 37,37 m3, c nng cht
kh 12Bx c khi lng ring 1,048kg/l. Khi lng dch ng a i ln men: G 1
= 37370.1,048 = 39163,76(kg).
Dch ng sau lng xoy c nhit khong 85 90C cn c lm lnh nhanh
xung nhit ln men l 8C, t1 = 80C. iu kin ny ta ly thng s trung
bnh:
Nhit dung ring ca nc: Cn = 4,173(kJ.kg-1.-1)
Nhit dung ring ca cht tan quy theo ng tan: Ct = 1,314(kJ.kg-1.-1)
Nhit dung ring ca dch ng:
C1 =
100 12
12
Cn +
C t = 3,830(kJ.kg-1.-1)
100
100
Cht ti nhit l nc c nhit 2C s c un nng ln nhit 70 75C,

t2 = 70C. iu kin ny ta ly nhit dung ring trung bnh ca nc: C2 =
4,173(kJ.kg-1.-1).
Khi lng nc cn lm lnh dch ng i ln men l:
G2 =
G1 C1 t1
39163, 76.3,83.80
=
= 41079,65(kg)
C 2 t 2
4,173.70
Nc ban u c nhit 25C c lm lnh xung 2C, t = 23C. iu kin

ny nhit dung ring trung bnh ca nc l: C = 4,185(kJ.kg-1.-1).
Lng nhit lnh cn cung cp lm lnh nc ng vi mt m nu l:
Q = G2.C.t = 41079,65.4,185.23 = 3954,12.103(kJ)
Lng nhit lnh cn cung cp lm lnh nc ng vi 1 ngy nu l:
QLnh nhanh = 6 Q = 23724,73.103(kJ)
2. Lng nhit lnh cp cho khu tank ln men

a. Lng nhit lnh cn cung cp trong giai on ln men chnh
Phn ng chnh xy ra trong qu trnh ln men:
C12H22O11 + H2O 4C2H5OH + 4CO2 + Q
342g
18g
184g
176g
312,3kJ
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Nhit lng to ra khi ln men 1kg ng maltose l:

q=
1000
312,3 = 913,1(kJ)
342
Lng dch ng i ln men ng vi mt tank ln men bia chai l: 112,11m3

Dch ng i ln men c nng cht kh l 12Bx, c khi lng ring 1,048 kg/l.
Khi lng dch ng a i ln men ng vi mt tank ln men bia chai l:
112110.1,048 = 117491,28(kg)
Trung bnh mi ngy ln men nng cht kh ca dch gim 1,5Bx, tc l mt
ngy ng vi 1tank ln men lng cht kh chuyn ho l:
G=
1,5
117491, 28 = 1762,37(kg)
100
Coi cht kh chuyn ho y l ng maltose th nhit lng to ra ng vi mt

tank trong mt ngy giai on ln men chnh l:
Q = G.q = 1762,37.913,1 = 1609220(kJ)
Tn tht lnh: Qtt = K F t (kJ/h)
K: H s truyn nhit qua lp cch nhit K = 1,2(kJ.m-2.-1.h-1)
Nhit khng kh bn ngoi thng ln men tng = 30C
Nhit dch ln men giai on ln men chnh ttr = 8C
t = tng ttr = 22C
F: Din tch truyn nhit (m2)
Coi tn tht ch yu phn thn tr ca thng ln men ta c:
F = Dng H = 4,6 8,0 = 115,6(m2)
Qtt = K.F.t = 1,2.115,6.22 = 3051,8(kJ/h)
Tn tht nhit lnh trong mt ngy 1 tank trong giai on ln men chnh:
Q2 = 24 Qtt = 24 3051,8 = 73243(kJ)
Lng nhit lnh cn cung cp cho 1tank ln men trong giai on ln men chnh mt
ngy:
QLMchnh = Q1 + Q2 = 1609220+73243 =1682463(kJ)
b. Lng nhit lnh cn cp h nhit dch

Khi kt thc ln men chnh bia non c nng cht kh 3Bx c h nhit t
8C xung 4C thc hin qu trnh x nm men kt lng, sau tip tc h nhit
khi dch xung 2C v thc hin qu trnh ln men ph, t = 6C. iu kin ny ta
ly thng s trung bnh:
Nhit dung ring ca nc: Cn = 4,207(kJ.kg-1.-1)
Nhit dung ring ca cht tan quy theo ng tan: Ct = 1,638(kJ.kg-1.-1)
Nhit dung ring ca dch: C = 0,97Cn + 0,03Ct = 4,130(kJ.kg-1.-1)
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Th tch bia non ng vi 1 tank ln men: 106,5m3. Bia c nng cht kh 3Bx, c
khi lng ring 1,012(kg/l). Khi lng dch cn lm lnh:
G = 106500 1,012 = 107778(kg)
Giai on ny tn tht lnh ra mi trng khong 5%. Tng lng nhit lnh cn
cung cp:
QH nhit = G.C.t/0,95 = 107778.4,13.6/0,95 = 2811.103(kJ)
c. Lng nhit lnh cn cung cp trong giai on ln men ph:

Trung bnh 1 lt bia non tn hao 1kJ trong ngy, th tch bia non ng vi 1 tank ln
men l 106,5m3. Lng nhit lnh cn cung cp i vi 33 tank trong giai on ln
men ph trong mt ngy l:
Q1 = 33 106,5.103 1 = 3514,5.103(kJ)
Tn tht lnh: Qtt = K F t (kJ/h)
Nhit khng kh bn ngoi thng ln men tng = 30C
Nhit dch ln men giai on ln men chnh ttr = 2C
t = tng ttr = 28C
F: Din tch truyn nhit F = 115,6(m2)
Qtt = K.F.t = 1,2.115,6.28 = 3884,16(kJ/h)
Tn tht lnh trong mt ngy ng vi 33 tank trong giai on ln men ph:
Q2 = 33 24 Qtt = 33 24 3884,16 = 3076,25.103(kJ)
Tng lng nhit lanh cn cung cp cho cc tank giai on ln men ph trong mt
ngy l:
QLMph = Q1 + Q2 = 3514,5.103 + 3076,25.103 = 6590,75.103(kJ)
Lng nhit lnh ln nht cn cp cho cc tank ln men trong mt ngy l:
QLn men = QLM chnh + QH nhit + QLM ph = 6.1682463+6.2811000 + 6590750 =
33551,5.103 (kJ)
3. Lng nhit lnh cp cho h thng cp men ging

a. Lng nhit lnh cn cp ti s dng men kt lng
* Ra men:
Lng nc ra sa men kt lng ng vi 1 tank ln men c th tch bng 3 ln th
tch sa men kt lng ng vi mt tank ln men
Vn = 3 3668 = 6012(l) hay Gn = 6012(kg)
Nc ban u vo c nhit 25C, thc hin qu trnh ra men kt lng nc
cn c lm lnh xung 1 2C, tn = 24C. iu kin ny nhit dung ring trung
bnh ca nc l: Cn = 4,185(kJ.kg-1.-1)
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Nhit lnh cn cung cp lm lnh nc l:

Qra men = Gn Cn tn = 6012 4,185 24 = 694,75.103(kJ)
Lng men kt lng ng vi 1 tank ln men l 2004(l) c th ti s dng c
khong 1000(l), khi hot ho s cho 5000(l) men ging c th cp ln men dch
ng ng vi 2 tank.
* Bo qun men:
Men sa sau ra, kim tra hot lc cn c bo qun lnh nhit 0 2C. Thc
hin bo qun ngay trong thng ra men, tn tht lnh trong qu trnh bo qun l:
Qtt = K F t (kJ/h)
Nhit khng kh bn ngoi tng = 30C
Nhit bo qun men sa ttr = 0C
t = tng ttr = 30C
Coi tn tht lnh ch yu thn tr ca thng th:
F = Dng H = 1,6 2,52 = 12,66(m2)
Suy ra: Qtt = K F t = 1,2 12,66 30 = 455,76(kJ/h)
Lng nhit lnh cn cp bo qun men trong mt ngy l:
Qbo qun = 24 Qtt = 24 455,76 = 10,938.103(kJ)
* Hot ho men:
Men sa trc khi ti s dng c ho trn vi lng dch ng c th tch gp 4
ln th tch men sa v nhit tng t t ti gn nhit ln men 8C. Trong
qu trnh hot ho cn ca dch tng ln ti khong 0,3%.
Th tch dch men sa hot ho bng 1/100 th tch dch ng vi 1 tank ln men:
1121,1(l). Coi t khi ca dch bng 1. Khi lng cn c to ra l:
0,003 1121.1 = 3,363(kg)
Tng ng vi lng cn to thnh, nhit lng to ra l:
Q=
312,3
3,363 = 5,71(kJ)
184
Tn tht lnh trong qu trnh hot ho:

Qtt = K F t (kJ/h)
Nhit men hot ho ttr = 8C
t = tng ttr = 22C
Coi tn tht lnh ch yu phn thn tr ca thit b th:
68
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F = Dng H = 1,2 1,57 = 5,9(m2)

Suy ra: Qtt = K F t = 1,2 5,9 22 = 155,76(kJ/h)
Thi gian hot ho men khong 6h, th lng nhit lnh cn cp cho qu trnh hot
ho men l: Qhot ho = Q + 6 Qtt = 5,7 + 6 155,76 =940,3(kJ)
Lng nhit lnh ln nht cn cp trong mt ngy ti s dng men kt lng l:
Qmen sa KL = Qra men + Qbo qun + Qhot ho = 694,75.103 + 10,938.103 + 0,94.103 =
706,63.103(kJ)
b. Lng nhit lnh cn cp nhn men

* Nhn men cp II:
Lng dch ng s dng nhn men cp II bng 1/10 lng dch ln men, tc c
th tch 11211(l). Dch ng s dng nhn men c nng cht chit 12Bx, c
khi lng ring 1,048kg/l. Khi lng dch ng dng nhn ging cp II l:
11211 1,048 = 11749(kg)Lng cht kh c trong dch ng nhn men cp II l:
0,12 11749 = 1409,9(kg)
Trong c 80% cht chit l ng c kh nng ln men. Ta coi trong lng cht
chit chuyn ho chim 60% tng lng cht chit c trong dch ng, th khi
lng cht kh chuyn ho l: 0,6 1409,9 = 845,9(kg). Coi cht kh chuyn ho l
ng maltose, 1 kg ng maltose ln men to ra nhit lng 913,1kJ.
Nhit lng to ra l: Q1 = 913,1 845,29= 772,4.103(kJ)
Tn tht lnh:
Qtt = K F t (kJ/h)
Nhit nhn men sn xut ttr = 16C
t = tng ttr = 14C
F = Dng H = 2,4 2,77 = 20,9(m2)
Suy ra: Qtt = K F t = 1,2 20,9 14 = 351,1
Tn tht lnh trong mt ngy l:
Q2 = 24 Qtt = 24 351,1 = 8426,4(kJ)
Lng nhit lnh cn cung cp nhn men cp II l:
QNMcp II = Q1 + Q2 = 772,4.103 + 8,43.103 = 780,83.103(kJ)
* Nhn men cp I:
Th tch dch nhn men cp I bng 1/3 th tch dch nhn men cp II, tc l c th
tch: 3737(l), cng nhn men 16C v s dng dch ng c nng cht chit
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12Bx. Ta cng coi lng cht chit chuyn ho chim 60% tng lng cht chit
trong dch ng th nhit lng do nhn men cp I to ra bng 1/3 nhit lng do
nhn men cp II to ra: Q1 = Q1/3 = 772,4.103/3 = 257,5.103(kJ)
Tn tht lnh:
Qtt = K F t (kJ/h)
Nhit nhn men sn xut ttr = 16C
t = tng ttr = 14C
F = Dng H = 1,8 2,01 = 11,4(m2)
Suy ra: Qtt = K F t = 1,2 11,4 14 = 191,5(kJ/h)
Tn tht lnh trong mt ngy l: Q2 = 24 Qtt = 24 191,5 = 4596,5(kJ)
Lng nhit lnh cn cung cp nhn men cp I l:
QNM cp I = Q1 + Q2 = 257,5.103 + 4,6.103 = 262,1.103(kJ)
Lng nhit lnh ln nht cn cp thc hin qu trnh nhn men trong mt
ngy l:
Qnhn men = QNM cp II + QNM cp I = 780,83.103 + 262,1.103 = 1042,93.103(kJ)
Men sa c th ti s dng 7 ln, tc l thc hin 8 chu k ln men ch cn
nhn men cho 1 chu k u cn ti s dng men kt lng trong 7 chu k sau. Mt khc
ta c Qnhn men > Qmen sa KL. Do lng nhit lnh ln nht cn cung cp trong mt
ngy cp men ging l:
QCp men = Qnhn men = 1043,93.103(kJ)
4. Lng nhit lnh cp cho phn xng hon thin

Bia sau ln men c nhit 2C c lm lnh xung 1C trc khi thc hin qu
trnh lc trong bia, t = 3C. iu kin ny ta ly nhit dung ring trung bnh ca
nc v cht tan quy theo ng tan l:
Cn = 4,190(kJ.kg-1.-1), Ct = 1,672(kJ.kg-1.-1).
Bia sau ln men c nng cht kh l 2,5Bx. Nhit dung ring ca bia:
C = 0,975Cn + 0,025Ct = 4,127(kJ.kg-1.-1)
Lng bia sau ln men ng vi 1 tank ln men: 112,11m3. Bia c nng cht kh
2,5Bx, c khi lng ring 1,01kg/l. Khi lng bia ti l:
G = 112110 1,01 = 113230(kg)
Lng nhit lnh cn cung cp h nhit bia ng vi mt tank ln men l: Q 1 =
G.C.t = 113230.4,127.3 = 1402.103(kJ)
70
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Bia sau lc nhit s tng ln n khong 1 2C, s c tng tr trong 4 thng

cha c v o lnh v bo n gi nhit 1 2C. Tn tht lnh trong qu trnh
ny l:
Qtt = K F t (kJ/h)
Nhit bia tng tr ttr = 1 2C
t = tng ttr = 28C
F: Din tch b mt truyn nhit (m2)
Coi tn tht nhit ch yu thn tr ca cc thng tng tr th:
F = Dng H = 3,2 4,5 = 45,2(m2)
Suy ra: Qtt = K F t = 1,2 45,2 28 = 1518,7(kJ/h)
Tn tht lnh trong 1 ngy c 4 thng tng tr l:
Q2 = 4 24 Qtt = 4 24 1518,7 = 145,8.103(kJ)
Lng nhit lnh cp cho phn xng hon thin trong mt ngy:
QHon thin = Q1 + Q2 = 1402.103 + 145,8.103 = 1547,8.103(kJ)
5. H thng lnh
Tng lng nhit lnh ln nht cn cung cp mt ngy cho h thng sn xut chnh:
QLnh = QLnh nhanh + QLn men + QCp men + QHon thin =
= 23724,73.103 + 33551,5.103 + 1042,93.103 + 1547,8.103 = 59867.103(kJ)
Tn hao lnh trn h thng ng ng vn chuyn lu th v cc thng cha nc,
glycol khong 10% tng lng nhit lnh tiu th cho h thng sn xut chnh ca
nh my. Tng lng nhit lnh tiu th cho h thng sn xut
chnh ca nh my mt ngy:
QLnh = QLnh/0,9 = 59867.103/0,9 = 66519.103(kJ)
Chn h thng lnh c cng sut 1000kW, s dng mi cht lnh l NH3, cht
ti lnh trung gian l nc glycol 26%. Nc glycol c lm lnh xung nhit
khong 4C n 2C c cha trong thng glycol cp t y nc glycol c
a i lm lnh cc b phn, nc glycol sau cp lnh nhit tng ln khong 5
7C c cha trong bnh glycol hi li c a qua h thng lm lnh tr
thnh nc glycol lnh, t = 9C. iu kin ny ly thng s trung bnh ca nc
glycol 26% l:
Nhit dung ring: C = 3,76(kJ.kg-1.-1)
Khi lng ring: d = 1062(kg/m3)
Lng nc glycol cn cp tng ng vi mt ngy l:
71
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Q
59867.103
Gnc glycol =
=
= 1769.103(kg)
C t
3, 76 9
Th tch nc glycol tun hon trong mt ngy l:

Vnc glycol = G/d = 1769.103/1062 = 1165,7(m3)
Nh vy trong mt gi lng nc glycol tun hon khong 1165,7/24=48,6 m3.
S dng 2 thng cha nc glycol, 1 thng nc glycol cp v 1 thng nc glycol
hi mi thng c th tch khong 45 50m3. S dng thng cha nc glycol thn
tr ng knh D cao H = 1,5D, y cu nh ra h1 = 0,1D, np cu nh ln h2 = 0,1D,
th tch thng:
D 2 h1 h13
D 2
D 2
D 2 0,1D (0,1D) 3
H +(
+
) =
1,5 D +
+
V=
= 1,218D3
4
Ta c: 1,218D = 50(m ) Suy ra: D = 3,45(m)

Quy chun: D = 3,5; H = 5,3m; h1 = 0,35m; h2 = 0,35m
Th tch thc ca thng: V = 1,218D3 = 1,218.3,53 = 52,3(m3)
Thng c v cch nhit dy 100mm, ng knh ngoi ca thng: Dng = 3,7m
Thng nc :
Lng nc cn dng trong mt ngy lm lnh nhanh l:
6 41079,65 = 246,5(kg)
Lng nc cn ra sa men kt lng trong mt ngy l: 6012(kg)
Tng lng nc tiu tn trong mt ngy l: 246,5 + 6012 = 252,5.103(kg) tc l
khong 255m3.
S dng thng nc thn tr ng knh D cao H = 1,5D, y bng, np cu nh
D 2
D 2
H =
1,5 D = 1,178D3
4
4
Thng cha c lng nc tng ng vi 2 m nu, tc l cha c 85m 3
ln h2 = 0,1D. Th tch thng l:
nc . Th tch s dng ca thng 90% th thng cn t th tch: 85/0,9 =

94,5(m3)
Ta c: 1,178D3 = 94,5(m3) Suy ra: D = 4,31(m)
Quy chun: D = 4,4m; H = 6,6m; h2 = 0,44m
Th tch thc ca thng: V = 1,178D3 = 1,178.4,43 = 100(m3)
Thng c lp v o lnh v cch nhit dy 100mm, v o lnh c s dng gi
lnh cho nc trong thng.
ng knh ngoi ca thng l: Dng = 4,6m.
72
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II. Tnh hi
Nhit lng cung cp nng nhit khi dch t nhit t1 t2 (C) l:
Q = GCt (kJ)
t = t2 t1 (C)
G: Khi lng dch (kg)
C: Nhit dung ring ca khi dch (kJ.kg-1.-1)
Nhit lng cn duy tr nhit ca khi dch l:
Q = W.L (kJ)
W: Lng nc bay hi (kg)
L: Nhit ho hi ca nc (kJ/kg)
Lng hi cn cung cp:
D=
Q
(kg/h)
0,96 (i h i n )
Q: Lng nhit cn cung cp (kJ)

0,96: bo ho ca hi nc
: Thi gian cp nhit (h)
ih: Hm nhit ca hi bo ho (kJ/kg)
in: Hm nhit ca nc ngng (kJ/kg)
S dng hi nc bo ho c p sut 3at ta c:
ih = 2727,6(kJ/kg), i = 558,4(kJ/kg)
1. Lng hi cp cho ni h ho
ni h ho dch bt vo ban u c nhit khong 42 - 43C, c nng nhit ln
72C v gi 10 pht, nng ln 83C v gi 30 pht, cui cng un si 30 pht nhit
khong 102 - 103C, t = 60C. iu kin ny ta ly cc thng s trung bnh
sau:
n nhit ho hi ca nc l: L = 2280(kJ/kg)
Nhit dung ring ca nc C1 = 4,186(kJ.kg-1.-1)
Nhit dung ring ca cht tan quy theo tinh bt C2 = 1,327(kJ.kg-1.-1)
Dch bt trong ni c t l bt:nc = 1:5
Nhit dung ring ca dch bt khong:
C = (5.C1 + C2)/6 = 3,71(kJ.kg-1.-1)
ng vi mt m nu bia chai ni cho:
Tng khi lng dch bt G = 9960(kg)
Lng nc bay hi W =
33400
12, 7 = 424,2(kg)
1000
Nhit lng cn nng nhit cho khi dch l:

73
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Q1 = G.C.t = 9960.3,71.60 = 2217.103(kJ)

Nhit lng cn duy tr nhit khi dch l:
Q2 = W.L = 424,2.2280 = 967.103(kJ)
Ngoi ra cn phi tiu tn mt lng nhit un nng thit b, tiu tn cho khong
trng, tht thot ra mi trng chim khong 5% tng lng nhit tiu tn cho ni h
ho. Tng lng nhit tiu tn cho qu trnh h ho l:
Qhh =
Q1 + Q2
= 3351,6.103(kJ)
1 0,05
Thi gian cp nhit l = 2h. Lng hi cn cp cho ni h ho l:

Qhh
3351, 6.103
Dh ho =
=
= 804,7(kg/h)
0,96 (i h i n )
0, 96 2 (2727, 6 558, 4)
2. Lng hi cp cho ni ng ho
ni ng ho, sau khi bm dch cho sang hn dch c nhit khong 54
55C, nng nhit ln 63C v gi 40 pht, nng ln 72C v gi 30 pht, cui cng
nng ln 76C v gi 20 pht, t = 22C. iu kin ny ta ly cc thng s trung
bnh sau:
n nhit ho hi ca nc l: L = 2340(kJ/kg)
Nhit dung ring ca nc C1 = 4,182(kJ.kg-1.-1)
Nhit dung ring ca cht tan quy theo tinh bt C2 = 1,305(kJ.kg-1.-1)
Dch bt trong ni c t l bt:nc = 1:4,17
Nhit dung ring ca dch bt khong:
C = (4,17.C1 + C2)/5,17 = 3,626(kJ.kg-1.-1)
ng vi mt m nu bia chai ni malt:
Tng khi lng dch bt G = 35770(kg)
Lng nc bay hi W =
33400
35, 2 = 1175,7(kg)
1000

Q1 = G.C.t = 35770.3,626.22 = 2853,4.103(kJ)
Nhit lng cn duy tr nhit cho khi dch l:
Q2 = W.L = 1175,7.2340 = 2751,14.103(kJ)
Nhit lng hao ph un nng thit b, tiu tn cho khong trng, tht thot ra mi
trng chim 5%. Tng lng nhit cn cung cp cho qu trnh ng ho l:
Qh =
Q1 + Q2
= 5899,5.103(kJ)
1 0,05
Thi gian cp nhit l = 1,85h. Lng hi cn cp cho ni ng ho l:
74
n tt nghip
Qh
5899,5.103
Dng ho =
=
= 1531(kg/h)
0,96 (i h i n )
0,96 1,85 (2727, 6 558, 4)
3. Lng hi cp cho ni nu hoa

Dch sau lc c nhit khong 70C, trong qu trnh nu hoa dch c un si
nhit khong 105C, t = 35C. Thi gian nu hoa khong 90 pht. iu kin
ny ta ly cc thng s trung bnh sau:
n nhit ho hi ca nc: L = 2245(kJ/kg)
Nhit dung ring ca nc: C1 = 4,186(kJ.kg-1.-1)
Nhit dung ring ca cht tan quy theo ng tan: C2 = 0,997(kJ.kg-1.-1)
Dch ng trc un hoa ng vi 1000 lt bia chai c khi lng nc l 1224,9kg,
c khi lng cht chit l 150,3kg.
T l nc:cht tan = 1224,9:150,3 = 8,15:1
Nhit dung ring ca dch: C = (8,15.C1 + C2)/9,15 = 3,837(kJ.kg-1.-1)
ng vi mt m nu bia chai, ni nu hoa:
Tng khi lng dch l: G = 46100(kg)
Lng nc bay hi l: W =
33400
(1379,9 1252, 7) = 4248,5(kg)
1000

Q1 = G.C.t = 46100.3,837.35 = 6191.103(kJ)
Nhit lng cn duy tr nhit cho khi dch l:
Q2 = W.L = 4248,5.2245 = 9537,9.103(kJ)
Nhit lng hao ph un nng thit b, tiu tn cho khong trng, tht thot ra mi
trng khong 5%. Nhit lng cn cung cp cho ni nu hoa l:
Qhoa =
Q1 + Q2
= 16577.103(kJ)
1 0,05
Thi gian cp nhit l = 1,5h. Lng hi cn cp cho ni nu hoa l:

Qhoa
16577.103
Dhoa =
=
= 5300,5(kg/h)
0,96 (i h i n )
0,96 1,5 (2727, 6 558, 4)
4. Lng hi cp cho thit b un nng nc

Lng nc cn cung cp cho phn xng nu ng vi mt m nu bia chai l: G =
52122,4kg. Trong , s dng li lng nc sau khi lm lnh dch ng ng vi
mt m nu khong 41079,6kg c nhit khong 70 - 75C. Phn cn li l nc
mi b sung khong 11042,8kg c nhit 25C. Hn hp nc ny c nhit
khong 60C c un nng ti nhit 85C bng hi nc bo ho p sut 3at,
t = 25C. iu kin ny ta ly thng s trung bnh:
75
n tt nghip
Nhit dung ring ca nc: C = 4,186(kJ.kg-1.-1)

Nhit lng cn cung cp nng nhit cho nc l:
Q = G.C.t = 52122,4.4,186.25 = 5454,6.103(kJ)
Nhit lng tiu tn un nng thit b, tiu tn cho khong trng, tht thot ra mi
trng l 5%. Nhit lng cp cho thit b un nng nc ng vi mt m nu bia
chai l:
Qn =
Q
= 5741,7.103(kJ)
1 0,05
Thi gian un nc ng vi 1 m nu l 1,5h. Lng hi cn cp cho thit b un

nc nng l:
Dnc =
Qn
5741, 7.103
=
= 1838(kg/h)
0,96 (i h i n )
0,96 1,5 (2727, 6 558, 4)
5. Lng hi cp cho phn xng hon thin

Trong mt ngy lng bia c chit chai l 200000 lt, hay 444445 chai 450ml.
Khi lng mi chai y bia l 0,6kg. Coi lng nc nng dng thanh trng chai
v ra chai, ra kt ng vi mt chai l 0,6kg. Khi lng nc cn c un nng
l: G = 444445.0,6 = 266667(kg)
Nc ban u c nhit 25C c un nng ti nhit 80C, t = 55C. iu
kin ny ly thng s trung bnh:
Nhit dung ring ca nc l: C = 4,174(kJ.kg-1.-1)
Nhit lng cn cung cp un nng nc l:
Q = G.C.t = 266667.4,174.55 = 61219.103 (kJ)
Nhit lng hao ph khong 5% tng lng nhit cn cp. Nhit lng cn cung cp
cho phn xng hon thin trong mt ngy l:
Qht =
Q
= 64441.103(kJ)
1 0,05
Lng hi cn cung cp cho phn xng hon thin l:

Qht
64441.103
Dhon thin =
=
= 1289,4(kg/h)
0,96 (i h i n )
0,96 24 (2727, 6 558, 4)
6. Lng nhin liu cho ni hi

Ngoi lng hi cp cho cc phn xng nh tnh trn cn phi cp mt lng
hi thanh trng ng ng, thit b khong 300 kg/h
Tng lng hi cn cung cp cho ton nh my l:
D = Dh ho + Dng ho + Dhoa + Dnc + Dhon thin + 300
= 804,7 + 1531 + 5300,5 + 1838 + 1289,4 + 300 = 11063,6(kg/h)
76
n tt nghip
Tn tht nhit v hi t trn h thng ng ng cp hi cho ton nh my khong

10% tng lng hi tiu th cho ton nh my. Tng lng hi tiu th ca ton nh
my l: D = D/0,9 = 11063,6/0,9 = 12293(kg/h)
Ta s dng 3 ni hi, nng sut 7000kg/h , p sut lm vic 8at, p sut lm vic ln
nht 10at.
L hi s dng nhin liu dng rn l than, 1kg than cung cp nhit lng
34400kJ. Lng nhin liu cn dng c tnh theo cng thc:
M=
D (i h i n )
(kg/h)
Q 1 2
D: Lng hi tiu th D = 12293(kg/h)

Q: Nhit lng ca than Q = 34400(kJ/kg)
ih: Hm nhit ca hi nc bo ho p sut 8at ih = 2772,4(kJ/kg)
in: Hm nhit ca nc ban u ( 25C) in = 104,7(kJ/kg)
1: H s t chy ca than 1 = 0,9
2: H s s dng ca l hi 2 = 0,75
M=
12293 (2772, 4 104, 7)

= 1412,3(kg/h)
34400 0,9 0, 75
Lng than cn cung cp trong mt ngy:

24M= 33,9(tn)
Lng than cn cung cp trong mt thng, thng lm vic nhiu nht 25 ngy:
25.33,9 = 847,5(tn)
Lng than cn cung cp trong mt nm, lm vic 300 ngy:
300.33,9 = 10170(tn)
77
n tt nghip
III. Tnh nc
1. Lng nc dng cho phn xng nu
Lng nc cn cp cho phn xng nu nhiu nht mt ngy l:
Nc cn cung cp cho mt m nu bia chai k c nc v sinh h thng ni nu l:
52,122m3. Mt ngy nu nhiu nht 6 m th lng nc cn cung cp l: 6 52,122
= 312,73(m3)
Lng nc cn lm lnh dch ng houblon ho ng vi mt m nu bia
chai l: 41079,65(kg). Coi nc c t khi bng 1, lng nc cn lm lnh
dch ng ng vi mt ngy nu bia chai l: 6 41079,65 = 246,48(m3). Lng
nc ny sau khi lm lnh nhanh dch ng tr thnh nc nng c nhit khong
70 75C s c dng lm nc nu v v sinh h thng ni nu.
Do lng nc ln nht cn cung cp cho phn xng nu thc hin qu trnh
sn xut trong mt ngy khong: 246,5(m3)
2. Lng nc dng cho phn xng ln men

Lng nc dng v sinh cc thit b ca phn xng ln men trong mt ngy c
th tch bng 8% th tch 1 tank ln men, tc l khong: 0,08 140,8 = 11,3(m3)
Lng nc cn cung cp ra men kt lng mt ngy khong 6,7(m3). Lng
nc ln nht cn cung cp cho phn xng ln men trong mt ngy thc hin
qu trnh sn xut khong: 11,3 + 6,7 = 18,0(m3)
3. Lng nc dng cho phn xng hon thin

S lng chai ng vi mt ngy sn xut ca nh my l: 444445(chai 450ml). ng
vi mi chai cn lng nc v sinh, thanh trng khong 1 lt. Do tng lng
nc cn v sinh chai, thanh trng chai v v sinh kt ng vi 1 ngy sn xut bia
chai khong: 445(m3).
S lng bock ng vi mt ngy sn xut ca nh my l: 4000(bock 50l).
ng vi mi bock cn lng nc v sinh khong 10 lt. Do tng lng nc cn
ra bock ng vi mt ngy sn xut bia hi khong: 40(m3).
Nh vy lng nc ln nht cn cung cp cho phn xng hon thin trong mt
ngy thc hin qu trnh sn xut khong: 445m3
4. Lng nc dng cho cc hot ng khc ca nh my

* Lng nc cn cung cp cho ni hi:
78
n tt nghip
Hi sau khi cp nhit s ngng t, nc ngng c th thu hi v ti s dng cp

cho ni hi khong 75%. Do lng nc cn cp cho ni hi khong 25% lng
hi cn cp.
Lng hi tiu th ca nh my l: 12293 (kg/h)
Lng nc cn cp cho ni hi mt ngy l: 0,25 24 12293=73758(kg)
Tc khong 74(m3)
* Lng nc dng v sinh nh xng:
Din tch nh sn xut chnh: 24 30= 720 (m2)
Din tch khu tank ln men: 3054 = 1620(m2)
Din tch phn xng hon thin: 30 36 = 1080(m2)
Tng din tch khu vc sn xut chnh ca nh my:
1620+1080 =2680 (m2)
Trung bnh lng nc dng v sinh nh xng l 3 lt/m2/ngy. Lng nc
dng v sinh khu vc sn xut chnh trong mt ngy khong: 8,04 (m3)
* Lng nc phc v cc nhu cu sinh hot:
Lng nc sinh hot v phc v cc nhu cu khc ca nh my bnh qun mt ngy
khong 40 lt/ngi. Ton th nh my c khong 200 cn b cng nhn vin. Vy
lng nc cn cung cp l: 200 40 = 8000(l) = 8,0(m3)
Tng lng nc cn cp cho ton nh my trong mt ngy:
445 +18 + 246,5 + 74 + 8,0 +8,04 = 799,54 (m3)
79
n tt nghip
IV. Tnh in
1. Ph ti chiu sng
Trong cc phn xng sn xut lp t h thng n chiu sng n neon cng
sut 40w/bng.
Cc bng n c lp t cc v tr cao khong 2,5 4m ty thuc v tr lm vic,
kch thc ca thit b khong cch gia mi bng L vo khong 3 4m, khong
cch t cc bng ngoi cng n tng l khong 0,25 0,35L ( y ta ly trung
bnh L = 3,5m; l = 1m).
Nh c kch thc A B(mm) th s bng theo mi hng v s hng bng mt tng
nh l:
A 2l
+ 1 = (A 2)/3,5 + 1
L
B 2l
n2 =
+ 1 = (B 2)/3,5 + 1
L
n1 =
Tng s bng b tr trong nh: N = n1 n2 e(s tng nh)

Gi n c cng sut P th cng sut thp sng l: Pcs = n P
80
n tt nghip
Bng s lng bng n, cng sut chiu sng i vi cc cng trnh

TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Tn cng trnh
Kch thc S bng n

(m m)
N=n1n2(e)
Nh sn xut chnh
24 30
89 = 72
Nh hon thin
30 54
916 = 144
Kho nguyn liu
24 36
811= 88
Kho thnh phm
24 42
813 = 104
Phn xng lnh, CO2, 12 18
46 = 24
kh nn
Phn xng c in
12 18
46 = 24
Phn xng hi
9 12
34 = 12
Nh hnh chnh
12 24
482 = 48
Nh gii thiu sn 8 28
39 = 27
phm
Hi trng
8 18
36 = 18
Nh n cng tin
12 16
45 = 20
Cc cng trnh khc
40
Tng cng sut chiu sng Pcs
81
P(W)
Pcs(W)
40
40
40
40
40
2880
9560
3520
4160
960
40
40
40
40
960
480
1920
1080
40
40
40
720
800
1600
28640
n tt nghip
2. Ph ti sn xut
Bng cng sut tiu th in ca cc thit b
TT Tn thit b
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
My nghin go
My nghin malt t
My nghin malt lt
Ni h ha
Ni ng ha
Thng lc y bng
H thng cp men
H thng lc bia
My ra bock
My chit bock
My ra chai
My chit chai
Hm thanh trng
My dn nhn
My ra kt
My xp kt
H thng lnh
H thng thu hi CO2, kh nn
Bm, gu ti, vt ti, qut gi cc loi v h thng xch ti
H thng x l nc v cc thit b khc
Tng cng sut Psx
Pm
(kW)
6
11
4
4
8
12
4
5
2,5
0,8
7
4,5
4,1
0,8
3
4
70
40
80
70
340,7
Cc loi bm: Bm cho v dch ng ha cng sut 75m3/h, Pm = 7,5kW; bm

dch lc cng sut 20m3/h, Pm = 3kW; bm dch ng houblon ha i lng xoy
cng sut 50m3/h, Pm = 5,5kW; bm dch ng sau lng xoy i lnh nhanh cng
sut 20m3/h, Pm = 3kW; bm dch i ln men cng sut 25m3/h cng sut 5kW.
Bm nc lnh cng sut 25m3/h, Pm = 4kW, bm nc sch cng sut 30m3/h, Pm
= 5kW; bm tun hon nc lnh cng sut 25m3/h, Pm = 4kW. Bm y CIP cng
sut 20m3/h, Pm = 3kW; bm CIP hi cng sut 20m3/h, Pm = 3kW, bm nh lng
men cng sut 500l/h, Pm = 0,5kW.
Bn gu ti: cng sut ng c 0,8kW
H thng xch ti cc ng c ko cng sut t 1 3 KW
Vt ti y b malt cng sut 8m3/h, Pm = 7,5KW
Vt ti chuyn bt go cng sut 7,5kW
82
n tt nghip
3. Xc nh cc thng s ca h thng in
Tng ph ti ca nh my: P = Pcs + Psx = 28,64+ 340,7 = 363,34 (kW)
Cng sut tiu th trung bnh (ph ti tnh ton) ca nh my:
Ptt = Ksx Psx + Kcs Pcs
Ksx: H s sn xut Ksx = 0,6
Kcs: H s chiu sng Kcs = 0,9
Ptt = Ksx Psx + Kcs Pcs= 0,6 340,7 + 0,9 28,64= 230,2(KW)
H s cng sut:
cos =
Ptt
2
Ptt2 + Q ph
Qph: Cng sut phn khng ca cc thit b tiu th (KW)

Qph = Ptt tg
Gi s h s cng sut ban u cos1 = 0,7 (khi tg1 = 1,020)
nng cao h s cng sut ti cos2 = 0,95 (khi tg2 = 0,329) l h s cng sut
thng thng ca cc my pht in th trong mch phi mc thm t in c dung
lng b bng:
Qph = Ptt (tg1 tg2) = 230,2 (1,020 0,329) = 145(KW)
Cng sut biu kin ca my bin p:
S=
2
Ptt2 + Q ph
=
230, 22 + 1452 = 272,1(KVA)
Chn my bin p c cng sut biu kin 400KVA, h in p ca mng li 15KV

xung 0,4KV. Chn my pht in c cng sut 400KVA, in p nh mc 400V.
4. Tnh in nng tiu th hng nm

a. in nng thp sng hng nm
Acs = Pcs Tcs Kcs (KWh)
Kcs = 0,9 H s thp sng ng thi
Pcs: Tng cng sut chiu sng (KW)
Tcs: Thi gian chiu sng trong nm (h)
Mt nm lm vic 12 thng, mi thng lm vic 25 ngy, mi ngy thp sng 14 gi
th: Tcs = 12 25 14 = 4200(h)
Ta c: Acs = Pcs Tcs Kcs =28,64 4200 0,9 = 108259,2 (kWh)
b. in nng tiu th cho sn xut hng nm

Asx = Psx Tsx Ksx (KWh)
Ksx = 0,6 H s lm vic ng thi
Psx: Tng cng sut in tiu th cho sn xut (KW)
83
n tt nghip
Tsx: Thi gian sn xut trong nm (h)

Mt nm lm vic 12 thng, mi thng lm vic 25 ngy, mi ngy lm vic c 3 ca
l 24h th: Tsx = 12 25 24 = 7200(h)
Asx = Psx Tsx Ksx = 340,7 7200 0,6 = 1471824(KWh)
c. in nng tiu th c nm
A=
Acs + Asx
(KWh)
Coi tn tht in nng trn mng h p l 5% th = 0,95

A=
Acs + Asx 108259, 2 + 1471824

=
= 1663245,5(kWh)
0,95
84
n tt nghip
Phn VI: Tnh ton v thit k v xy dng ca nh my

I. Phn tch v la chn a im xy dng
Cn c vo mc ch thit k nh my bia nng sut 45 triu lt/nm em la
chn a im xy dng nh my nm trong khu cng nghip Khnh An thuc huyn
Yn Khnh tnh Ninh Bnh. y l khu cng nghip ang c tnh Ninh Bnh ph
duyt sn xut thc phm cung cp cho nhu cu tiu th trong v ngoi tnh
Ninh Bnh. Khu t c din tch 28000 m2 vi chiu di 175m ,chiu rng 160 m
-V giao thng:khu cng nghip nm cnh tuyn ng 10 v cng Ninh Phc
rt thun tin cho giao thng vn chuyn nguyn liu v sn phm.
-Ngun nng lng:ngun in ca nh my ly t ngun in quc gia cung
cp cho khu cng nghip tng i n nh.Vi nn a cht v mch nc ngm n
nh c th s dng ngun nc t h thng ging khoan x l t yu cu.
-Ngun nhn lc:khu cng nghip nm cnh khu dn c c trnh vn ha kh
cao m bo ngun nhn cng cho nh my.
-Ni y c a hnh tng i bng phng nn t t nhin l nn t st pha
ct thun tin cho vic xy dng nh my.
-V mi trng:nh my t trong khu quy hoch ca khu cng nghip nn c
h thng x l mi trng kh tt,nc thi sau khi qua x l t tiu chun nc
loi B c ra ngoi.
85
n tt nghip
II. Tnh ton cc hng mc cng trnh

1. Khu vc sn xut.
a. Nh sn xut chnh.
Trong nh sn xut chnh cc thit b c sp xp theo dy chuyn sn xut.
Da theo kch thc cc thit b v yu cu thao tc vn hnh chn kch thc nh
sn xut chnh:
Chiu di: 30(m)
Chiu rng: 24(m)
Chiu cao: 12(m)
Din tch: S = 30 24 = 720 (m2).
.
b. Khu tank ln men.
Tng s c 35 tank ln men, ng knh mi tank D = 4.6m .c b tr thnh
7 hng 5 ct
+ Cc tank ln men c t ngoi tri trn cc gin bng b tng ct thp.
Bc ct l 6m.
+ Kch thc khu tank ln men:
Chiu di: 54(m)
Chiu rng: 30(m)
Din tch: S = 54 30 = 1620(m2).
c. Nh hon thin sn phm.
nh hon thin sn phm b tr dy chuyn chit chai v chit bock, nn cn
nhiu din tch cho lp t dy chuyn v thao tc vn hnh. B tr dy chuyn chit
chai thnh mt vng khp kn, cn cc thit b ra bock v chit bock t mt gc
ca nh hon thin. V tr ca cc my ra chai, ra kt, ra bock gn vi bi v chai;
u ra ca sn phm nm pha gn vi kho thnh phm thun tin trong vic
nhp v xut hng.
.
+ Kch thc ca nh hon thin:
Chiu di:36(m)
Chiu rng: 30(m)
Chiu cao: 7,2(m)
Din tch: S = 36 30 = 1080(m2)
86
n tt nghip
2. Kho tng
a. Kho cha nguyn liu
Nh my cn d tr nguyn liu cho 1 thng sn xut tc l khong 25 ngy. Nguyn
liu c t trn cc k k v c vn chuyn bng xe y.
Tnh din tch kho cha:
Lng nguyn liu cn s dng trong mt ngy l: 33,306 tn malt v 8,34tn go.
Nguyn liu mua v c ng bao 50kg. Dung trng ca malt vo khong 530
560 g/l, tc mt bao 50 kg malt c th tch vo khong: 92 lt. Dung trng ca go
vo khong 660 700 g/l, tc mt bao 50 kg go c th tch vo khong 74 lt. Din
tch chim ch trung bnh ca mi bao (c go v malt) vo khong 0,3m2, chiu dy
trung bnh ca mi lp bao vo khong 30 cm.
Nguyn liu trong kho dng cho c thng l:
Malt: 25 33306/50 = 16653(bao)
Go: 25 8349/50 = 4170(bao)
Sau khi nhp kho nguyn liu c xp theo tng chng khong 15 lp. S bao mi
lp l: (16653 + 4170)/15 = 1389(bao). Din tch vng cha nguyn liu vo khong:
1389 0,3 = 417,7(m2).
Khong cch gia cc chng bao v din tch thao tc chim khong 70% din tch
kho, din tch kho cn t khong: 417,7/0,7 = 597(m2)
Chiu cao kho cn t 4,7m.
Thit k nh mt tng, mt nhp, kt cu khung thp, tng xy bng gch, mi lp
tn.
Kch thc nh:
Chiu di: 36(m)
Chiu rng: 24 (m)
Chiu cao: 5,4(m)
Din tch: S = 36 *24= 864(m2)
b. Kho cha thnh phm

Do bia thnh phm c xut kho a ra th trng ngay nn trong kho ch cha s
lng bock ca 1 ngy sn xut v s lng kt ca 2 ngy sn xut.
S bock s dng l:4000 bock 50l/ngy
Tng s bock cha trong kho l 4000 bock. Trong kho bock xp thnh 3 lp, mi lp
1334bock, chia thnh 30 hng, mi hng khong 45 bock. Mi bock loi 50 lt c
ng knh 600mm. Nn din tch khu vc xp bock vo khong: 30 0,6(m) 45
0,6(m) = 486(m2)
87
n tt nghip
S chai s dng l: 444445 chai 450ml/ngy

Chai c xp vo kt, mi kt 20 chai.
Kch thc kt: 0,4m 0,3m 0,25m.
Tng s kt s dng l: 22223 kt/ngy.
Kho cha lng kt trong 2 ngy, tng s kt cha trong kho l: 44446 kt.
Kt c xp chng khong 15 lp. Mi lp 2963 kt, chia 30 hng, mi hng 60kt.
Din tch khu vc xp kt vo khong: 50 0,4(m) 60 0,3(m) = 360(m2)
Tng din tch khu vc xp kt v xp bock l: 360 + 486 = 846(m2)
Din tch thao tc bng 70% din tch kho, tng din tch kho cn t khong:
846/0,7 = 1209(m2)
Chiu cao kho cn t 4,5m.
Thit k nh mt tng, mt nhp, kt cu khung thp, tng xy bng gch, mi lp
tn.
Kch thc nh:
Chiu di: 42(m)
Chiu rng: 24(m)
Chiu cao: 5,4(m)
Din tch: S = 42 24 = 1008 (m2)
3. Cc phn xng ph tr sn xut

Cc nh ph u c th s dng kt cu khung zamil steel gim ti trng nn
mng cng nh m bo tnh c ng.
a. Trm bin p
Kch thc: di 12m, rng 6m.
Din tch: S = 6 12 = 72(m2)
b. Xng c in
Din tch: S = 12 18 = 216(m2)
c. Nh t h thng lnh, h thng thu hi CO2 v cp kh nn

Din tch: S = 12 18 = 216(m2)
d. Phn xng hi
Phn xng hi bao gm nh t l hi v bi than.
* Nh nu hi:
88
n tt nghip

Din tch: S = 9 12 = 108(m2)
* Bi than:
Din tch: S = 9 9 = 81(m2)
e. Khu x l nc cp
Bao gm trm bm vi cc b lc, ct lc b cha nc sch v thp lc nc
phc v cho ton nh my.
Din tch: S = 12 24 = 288 (m2)
g. Khu x l nc thi
2
Din tch: S = 12 24 = 288(m )
h. Bi v chai
2
Kch thc: di 24m, rng 24m, din tch S = 24 24 = 576(m ).
4. Cc cng trnh khc

a. Nh hnh chnh
Nh hnh chnh c xy dng gm cc phng sau:
+ Phng gim c : 18(m2)
+ Phng ph gim c ph trch k thut: 18(m2)
+ Phng ph gim c ph trch kinh doanh: 18(m2)
+ Phng k ton ti v (3 ngi): 3 3,5 = 10,5(m2)
+ Phng k hoch (3 ngi): 3 3,5 = 10,5(m2)
+ Phng cng on (3 ngi): 3 3,5 = 10,5(m2)
+ Phng vt t (2 ngi): 2 3,5 = 7(m2)
+ Phng k thut v KCS (6 ngi): 6 9 = 54(m2)
+ Phng hp 30(m2)
+ Phng khch 30(m2)
+ Nh v sinh(2 phng): 2 3 = 7(m2)
Tng din tch cc phng ban: 206,5(m2)
Ngoi ra cn c hnh lang rng 2m chy dc nh v cu thang rng 2m b tr gia
nh.
89
n tt nghip
Thit k nh hnh chnh 2 tng, mi tng cao 3,5m. Kch thc nh: di 18m, rng
8m, din tch S = 12 24 = 288(m2).
b. Nh gii thiu sn phm

Kch thc nh: di 32m, rng 8m, din tch nh: S = 8 32 = 256(m2).
c. Hi trng
Tnh cho ton b cn b, cng nhn ca nh my (khong 200 ngi) cn din tch
khong: 200 0,7 = 140(m2). Kch thc nh: di 18m, rng 8m, din tch S = 8 18
= 144(m2).
d. Nh n, cng tin
Tnh cho 1/3 s cng nhn + s cn b (khong 80 ngi) cn din tch khong: 80
2,25 = 180(m2). Kch thc nh: di 16m, rng 12m,din tch: S =16 12 = 192(m2).
e. Gara t
Nh my c cc t sau:
+ t phc v vic giao dch v i li ca ban gim c 2 chic.
+ t ch sn phm v ch nguyn liu 4 chic.
Kch thc gara: di 24m, rng 12m, din tch S = 12 24 = 288(m2).
g. Nh xe ca nhn vin
Tnh cho 1/3 s cng nhn + s cn b (khong 80 ngi) trong 75% i xe my
(khong 60 ngi) v 25% i xe p (khong 20 ngi).
2
Din tch cn l: 60 2,25 + 20 0,9 = 153(m ).

2
Kch thc nh xe: di 24m, rng 8m, din tch S = 8 24 = 192(m ).
h. Phng bo v
Nh my c hai cng v vy cn hai phng bo v. Kch thc: di 6m, rng 4m.
2
Din tch mi nh: S = 4 6 = 24(m ).
i. Nh v sinh
Cng trnh v sinh phc v sn xut tnh cho mt ca sn xut (khong 70 ngi).
2
Kch thc nh: di 6m, rng 4m, din tch S = 4 6 = 24(m )

J.Nh th thao
Phc v cho cn b cng nhn vin luyn tp th thao ngoi gi hnh chnh
Kch thc nh:
90
n tt nghip
Di 24m, rng 12m,din tch S= 288 (m2)

K.Nh ngh cho cn b cng nhn vin
Chiu di 24m ,chiu rng 12m,din tch S=24*12 =288 (m)
L.Thng cha b malt
Hnh vung 8m*8m
91
n tt nghip
Bng tng hp cc cng trnh xy dng

TT
Tn cng trnh
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Nh sn xut chnh
1
Khu tank ln men
1
Nh hon thin
1
Kho nguyn liu
1
Kho thnh phm
1
Bi v chai
1
Trm bin p
1
Xng c in
1
Nh lnh, thu CO2
1
Nh nu hi
1
Bi than
1
Khu x l nc cp
1
Khu x l nc thi
1
Nh hnh chnh
1
Nh gii thiu sn phm
1
Hi trng
1
Nh n cng tin
1
Gara t
1
Nh xe ca nhn vin
1
Phng bo v
2
Nh v sinh
1
Nh ngh
1
Nh th thao
1
Thng cha b malt
1
Nh tng tr&bo ha co2
1
Tng din tch xy dng
S lng
92
Kch thc
(m m)
24 30
30 42
30 36
24 36
24 42
24 24
6 12
12 18
12 18
9 12
99
12 24
12 24
12 24
8 28
8 18
12 16
12 24
8 24
46
6 12
12 24
12 24
88
12 30
Din tch
(m2)
720
1260
1080
864
1008
576
72
216
216
108
81
288
288
288
224
144
192
288
192
48
72
288
288
64
360
9189
n tt nghip
III. B tr cc hng mc cng trnh

y em la chn b tr mt bng nh my theo phng php phn vng.
Khu vc sn xut chnh b tr trung tm nh my bao gm nh sn xut chnh,
khu tank ln men ngoi tri v nh hon thin. Kho nguyn liu cng c t trong
khu vc ny m bo thun tin cho vic vn chuyn nguyn liu sang khu vc
sn xut.
Cc phn xng ph tr b tr khu vc bn cnh khu vc sn xut chnh pha
trong nh my. c bit cc phn xng sn xut d chy n, c hi nh l hi,
trm x l nc thi b tr gc trong cng cui hng gi ch o m bo an
ton trong sn xut.
Khu vc hnh chnh b tr mt tin nh my, trng nhiu cy xanh to
khng kh lm vic d chu v cnh quan p. Trong nh gii thiu sn phm t
v tr tip gip vi 2 trc giao bn ngoi nh my thun tin cho vic bn v gii
thiu sn phm.
Cc nh thuc khu vc hnh chnh v khu vc sn xut chnh c thit k quay
chiu di nh theo hng nam n gi mt ch o. Xung quanh nh my trng
nhiu cy xanh cch ly vi bn ngoi c bit l pha tip gip vi ng giao thng
bn ngoi nh my.
Trong nh my xy dng h thng ng giao thng cch ly gia cc khu vc
sn xut v ng giao thng gia cc phn xng trong khu vc sn xut chnh.
ng giao thng chnh c thit k chy thnh vng trong nh my v thng vi 2
cng ra cc trc giao thng pha ngoi nh my m bo yu cu cu ho khi xy ra
s c trong qu trnh vn hnh nh my.
93
n tt nghip
IV. Tnh ton v nh gi cc thng s xy dng

Tng din tch chim t xy dng ca cc cng trnh: A = 8532(m2)
Din tch kho v sn bi l thin: B = 657(m2)
Din tch chim t ca cc cng trnh k thut:
C = C1 + C2 + C3 = 1400 + 1600 + 8500 = 11500(m2)
Din tch ca h rnh: C1 = 1400(m2)
Din tch ca va h: C2 = 1600(m2)
Din tch ca lng ng: C3 = 8500(m2)
Tng din tch xy dng: Sxd = A + B = 8532 + 657 = 9189(m2)
Tng din tch s dng: Ssd = A + B + C = 8532 + 657 + 11500 = 19689(m2)
Tng din tch nh my: S = 160 175 = 28000(m2)
A+ B
8189
100% =
100% = 29,25%
S
28000
A+ B +C
19689
H s s dng: Ksd =
100% =
100% = 70,32%
S
28000
H s xy dng: Kxd =
Cc h s xy dng cho thy thit k nh my l ph hp vi tiu chun ca mt nh

my cng nghip sn xut thc phm.
94
n tt nghip
V. Thit k phn xng sn xut chnh

1. c im v cch b tr cc thit b trong phn xng sn xut chnh
Phn xng sn xut chnh l phn xng tp trung nhiu b phn sn xut
quan trng ca nh my bia. Gia cc b phn sn xut ca phn xng va c tnh
c lp li va c lin h qua li vi nhau nn b tr cc thit b trong phn xng
theo tng t da theo quy trnh sn xut.
Cc t sn xut trong phn xng sn xut chnh:
* T nghin:
Bao gm cc thit b cn, gu ti v cc my nghin.
c im sn xut ca t nghin l pht sinh ting n v to nhiu bi do t
nghin c t mt gc ca phn xng sn xut chnh, c tng ngn trnh
bi. V tr t t nghin gn vi kho nguyn liu thun tin cho vic vn chuyn
nguyn liu trong hot ng sn xut.
* T nu:
Bao gm cc thit b chnh l ni h ha, ni ng ha, thng lc y bng, ni nu
hoa v thng lng xoy. Do yu cu vn hnh sn xut v cn c vo kch thc cc
thit b nn thit k sn thao tc cho cc ni nu thp hn np cc ni nu khong
75cm. Trong qu trnh sn xut nguyn liu chnh l malt v go s qua ch bin t
nghin ri mi c a sang t nu nn v tr t t nu st vi t nghin. Phng
iu khin qu trnh nu c t ngay trn sn thao tc thun tin cho vn hnh
sn xut.
Ngoi cc ni nu cn c cc thng nc t mt gc gn vi t nu thc hin
cp nc.
2. Thit k xy dng phn xng sn xut chnh

Phn xng sn xut chnh thit k thnh mt nh mt tng, mt nhp, s dng kt
cu khung thp.
Kch thc nh:
Chiu di 30m
Chiu rng 24m
Chiu cao nh 7,2m
Din tch 24 33 = 720(m2)
Nhp nh L = 24m
Bc ct B = 6m
Kch thc ct: 320 220 (mm)
Tng bao xy bng gch dy 220mm, ca s v ca ra vo rng 4m.
95
n tt nghip
Kt cu chu lc mi: gin thp

Mi che bng tn, pha di c lp xp cch nhit v lp phn quang tng
chiu sng.
Sn lt gch men dy 20mm, pha di c lp b tng gch v dy 100mm.
T nu c sn thao tc bng thp t trn h thng dm ct thp cao 3.4 m. Sn thao
tc c thit k cu thang ln xung bng thp rng 1,5m. Sn v cu thang c
thit k tay vn thp cao 80cm.
96
n tt nghip
PHN VII. TNH KINH T

I. Mc ch v ngha.
i vi mt doanh nghip sn xut v kinh doanh th y l khu c bit quan
trng, c vai tr lm c s chng minh cho tnh kh thi ca d n kinh t, n cho bit
ngun vn u t mc no, hiu qu cng vic l bao nhiu. Tnh kinh t cng
st vi thc t th hot ng sn xut ca doanh nghip cng hiu qu.
Chnh v ng mt vai tr quan trng nh vy nn khi tnh ton cn phi tho mn
mt s yu cu sau:
+ m bo chnh xc trong tng cng on.
+ m bo tnh hp l trong tng thi im kinh t.
II. Ni dung tnh ton.

Tnh ton kinh t cho mt nh my bia cn nhng phn sau:
1. Vn u t.
a. Tnh vn u t xy dng nh xng.
Theo gi c hin hnh ta c bng sau
STT
Tn cng trnh
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Phng bo v
Nh xe
Nh hnh chnh
Nh n cng tin
Phn xng nu
Phn xng ln men
Nh hon thin sn phm
Kho cha nguyn liu
Kho cha thnh phm
Phn xng lnh v thu
11
CO2
Nh gii thiu sn phm
S
lng
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Din
tch sn,
n gi cho Tng
gi
mt n v thnh
xy
m2
dng
24
192
288
192
720
1620
1080
864
1008
216
(triu ng)
1.5
0,5
2,5
1,5
2
2
1.5
1,5
1,5
1,5
(triu ng)
72
96
720
288
1440
3240
1620
1296
1512
324
224
448
m2
97
n tt nghip
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Phn xng c in
Phn xng hi
Bi than x
Khu x l nc sch
Khu x l nc thi
Ga ra t
Trm bin p
Nh hi trng
Nh ngh
Thng cha b malt
Nh cip
Nh v sinh
Bi v chai
Tng tin xy dng nh
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
216
108
81
288
288
288
72
144
288
64
108
72
576
1,5
1,5
0,5
1,5
1,5
1,5
1
2
2
0,5
1,5
1
0,5
324
162
40,5
432
432
432
72
288
576
32
162
72
288
14368,5
xng
+ S tin cho u t xy dng nh xng l : 14.368,5 triu ng
+ Dnh khong 30% s tin so vi tng u t xy dng xy dng h thng thot
nc,vn hoa,ng x,cc cng trnh ph,cc ng ng dn...s tin l:
14.368.500.000*30% =4.310,55 triu ng
+ Tng din tch nh my l 28000 m2
Tin thu t : 200.000 ng/m2/20 nm. S tin dnh cho thu t l:
200000x28000 = 5.600.triu ng
+ Tng s tin dnh cho xy dng v thu t l:
Vxd = 14.368,5 + 4.310,55 + 5.600 = 24.761,5 triu ng
b. Tnh vn cho u t v lp t thit b.
* Tnh vn u t thit b phn xng nu.
ta c bng sau:
TT
Tn thit b
n gi
Thnh tin
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Cn
My nghin malt
My nghin go
Gu ti
Ni h ho
Ni ng ho
Thng lc y bng
Ni nu hoa
lng
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
(triu ng)
5
80
60
50
100
200
180
250
(triu ng)
10
80
60
100
200
400
360
500
98
n tt nghip
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Thng lng xoy

My lnh nhanh
Ni un nc nng
Bm li tm
Thng cha ho cht v sinh
Vt ti vn chuyn b malt
Thng cha b
Gu ti vn chuyn nguyn
17
liu
H thng iu khin t ng 1
18
19
qu trnh nu
My np O2
Ni hi
Tng
1
1
1
20
3
2
1
2
2
2
150
100
80
10
30
20
4
40
300
200
160
200
90
80
8
80
3000
3000
20
120
40
240
6108
Tng chi ph my mc trong phn xng ln nu l:

6108 triu ng = 6.108ng
*. Tnh vn u t cho khu ln men.
TT
Tn thit b
S lng
n gi
Thnh tin
(triu ng)
14000
100
1400
100
100
80
50
90
70
1000
50
3000
20
100
1
2
3
4
5
Thng ln men
My lc tm bn
Thng cha bia
Thit b ra men
Thit b nhn ging cp
35
1
4
1
1
(triu ng)
400
100
350
100
100
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
II
Thit b nhn ging cp I
Bm
Thng v sinh
Thng ng nc sch
H thng thu hi CO2
H thng np kh
H thng iu khin
Thng ho bt tr lc
Cc thit b cho u t
1
5
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
80
10
30
70
1000
50
3000
20
100
kim nghim vi sinh,

nhn ging v phn tch
cc ch tiu ho sinh
99
n tt nghip
Tng
20160
Tng vn u t l: 20160 (triu ng)

*. Tnh vn u t thit b phn xng hon thin sn phm.
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Tn thit b
My ra chai
My ra kt
My chit chai
My thanh trng
My dn nhn
H thng bng ti
Bm bia i ng chai
Tng
S lng
n gi
Thnh tin
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
(triu ng)
10000
500
15000
8000
500
12000
15
(triu ng)
10000
500
15000
8000
500
12000
15
46015
Tng vn u t l 46015 triu ng = 46.015.triu ng

*. Tnh vn u t thit b ca nh my:
+ Tng vn u t cho cc thit b chnh l:
(6.108 + 20.16+46.015.) = 72.283 ng
+ Chi ph ng ng, vn chuyn, lp t chim 10% gi tr thit b:
72.283.000.000* 10% = 7.228,3 ng
+ Vy tng chi ph cho cc thit b ca nh my
Vtb = 72.283+ 7.228,3 = 79.511,3 ng
c. Tng vn c nh ban u nh my.
Vn c nh ca nh my bng tng vn xy dng v vn u t thit b.
Vc = Vxd + Vtd
Vc = 24.761,5+ 79.511,3 = 104.272,8 triu ng
Tng s vn ny s c ti tr 100% bng vn vay ngn hng
Ly li sut vay vn l 15 %
Li phi tr hng nm : =15%*104.272,8= 10.427,28 ng
2. Tnh gi thnh sn phm

a. Chi ph vn hnh
100
n tt nghip
Bng 19. Chi ph nguyn liu sn xut 1 000 lt bia chai

TT Nguyn liu
1
2
3
4
5
Malt
Go
Cao hoa
Hoa vin
Khi lng,
kg
166,2
41,6
0,0797
0,3188
Tng chi ph nguyn liu chnh
Chi ph cho nguyn liu ph
n gi,
Thnh tin/
ng/kg
18 000
12 000
500 000
100 000
nghn ng
2991,6
499,2
3,985
318,8
3813,6
(bng 3 % chi ph cho nguyn liu chnh)

Tng chi ph nguyn liu
114,4
3928
Trong 1 nm nh my sn xut 31,5 triu lt bia chai s cn chi ph nguyn liu

khong: 3928*31,5 = 123732 triu ng
Ngoi ra trong mt nm sn xut cn phi chi khong 5 000 triu ng cho np
chai, nhn mc.
Tng chi ph nguyn vt liu cho 31,5 triu lt bia chai l:
123732 + 5000 = 128732 triu ng
Nh vy, chi ph nguyn vt liu bnh qun cho 1 lt bia chai l:
128732 4086,7 ng/lt
31,5
Bng 20. Chi ph nguyn liu sn xut 1 000 lt bia hi

TT Nguyn liu
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Malt
Go
Cao hoa
Hoa vin
Khi lng,
kg
136
34
0,0682
0,2609
Tng chi ph nguyn liu chnh
Chi ph cho nguyn liu ph
n gi,
Thnh tin,
ng/kg
18 000
12 000
500 000
100 000
nghn ng
2448
408
34,1
260,9
3151
(bng khong 3 % chi ph cho nguyn liu chnh)

Tng chi ph nguyn liu
94,53
3245,53
Trong 1 nm nh my sn xut 13,5 triu lt bia hi s cn chi ph nguyn liu

khong: 3245,53.13,5 = 43814,7 triu ng
101
n tt nghip
Nh vy, chi ph nguyn vt liu bnh qun cho 1 lt bia hi l:

43814, 7 3245,5 ng/lt
13,5
Vy, tng chi ph nguyn vt liu cho 1 nm sn xut ca nh my:

128732 + 43814,7 = 172546,7 triu ng
Gi s trong 3 nm u nh my ch hot ng vi 80 % cng sut cc i
chi ph nguyn liu ca nh my 1 nm l:
172546,7*80 % 138037,4 triu ng.
Chi ph nhn cng sn xut trc tip:
+ Ta c bng qu lng ton nh my theo mc bnh qun l:
i tng
Cng nhn
Cn b
Tng (Gt)
S ngi
250
20
270
Lng bnh qun

1,5(tr/ngi/thng)
2,5(tr/ngi/thng)
Lng c nm (tr)
4500
600
5100
Nh my dnh 20% lng ng thc hin cc khon trch theo lng

= 5100*20% = 1020 (tr).
Nh vy, chi ph theo lng v cc khon trch theo lng :
= 5.100+ 1.020
= 6.120 (tr)
Sn lng ca nh my l: 45 triu lt bia/nm;
Chi ph nhn cng trc tip tnh theo mt n v sn phm l:
6120 = 136 ng/lt.
45
* Chi ph sn xut chung:
Chi ph nhin liu, nng lng: 12650 triu ng/nm, trong
nhng nm u nh my hot ng bng 80 % cng sut thit k chi

ph nhin liu, nng lng: 10120 triu ng/nm;
Khu hao ti sn c nh mi nm ( khu hao trong vng 10
nm)
= 7228 triu ng/nm;
102
n tt nghip
Tin lng cho qun c phn xng (4 ngi): 120 triu
ng/nm;
Chi ph bo dng my mc, nh xng: 1 000 triu ng/nm.
Tng chi ph sn xut chung:

12650 + 7228 + 1000 + 120 = 20998 triu ng/nm
Tng chi ph sn xut chung trong nhng nm u:
10120 + 7228 + 1000 + 120 = 18468 triu ng/nm
Chi ph sn xut chung tnh theo mt n v sn phm l:
18468
= 410,4 ng/lt.
45
* Chi ph tiu th sn phm:
Gi s lng tr cho nhn vin bn hng: 250 triu ng/nm;
Chi ph marketing: 2 000 triu ng/nm;
Tng chi ph tiu th sn phm: 250 + 2000 = 2 250 triu ng/nm

Chi ph tiu th tnh cho mt n v sn phm:
2250 = 50 ng/lt.
45
* Chi ph qun l doanh nghip:

Lng tr cho cn b, nhn vin qun l doanh nghip v cc cng c phc v
qun l: 140triu ng/nm.
Chi ph qun l doanh nghip tnh cho mt n v sn phm:
140 = 3,1 ng/lt.
45
* Tng chi ph vn hnh nh my (vi t > 3):

Ct = 172546,7 + 6120 + 20998+ 2250 + 140
= 202054,7 triu ng/nm
Chi ph vn hnh nh my trong nhng nm u (vi t = 1; 2; 3):
Ct = 138037,4 + 6120 + 18468 + 2250 + 140
= 165015,4 triu ng/nm.
103
n tt nghip
b. Cc khon thu, chi khc

* Khon thu t cc sn phm ph ca nh my:
- Lng sn phm ph tng ng vi 1 lt bia thnh phm l:
180,5 g b malt i vi sn phm bia chai,
143,5 g b malt i vi sn phm bia hi;
15 ml sa men.
- Gi bn cc sn phm ph:
600 ng/1 kg b malt,
1500 ng/1 lt sa men.
Tin thu c t sn phm ph i vi mt n v sn phm bia chai l:
0,1805.600 + 0,015.1500 = 130,8 ng/lt
Tin thu c t sn phm ph i vi mt n v sn phm bia hi l:
0,1435.600 + 0,015.1500 = 108,6 ng/lt
Vy, khon thu t vic bn cc sn phm ph ca nh my trong 1 nm l:
130,8.31,5000000 + 108,6.13,5000000 = 5586,3 triu ng.
* Chi ph tin vn:
S tin nh my phi tr ngn hng mi nm: 10427,28 triu ng/nm.
Vy, chi ph tin vn tnh trn mt n v sn phm l:
10427,28 = 231,7 ng/lt.
45
C sau 3 thng hon thnh 1 chu k sn xut kinh doanh

c. Gi thnh sn phm
* i vi sn phm bia chai:

- Gi thnh phn xng (gi thnh sn xut):
= CPnguyn vt liu + CPnhn cng trc tip + CPsn xut chung TNbn sn phm ph + CPtin vn
= 4086,7 + 136 + 410,4 130,8 + 231,7 = 4734 ng/lt
- Gi thnh cng xng = Gi thnh sn xut + CPqun l doanh nghip
= 4734 + 3,1 = 4737,1 ng/lt
- Gi thnh ton b (z1) = Gi thnh cng xng + CPtiu th sn phm
104
n tt nghip
= 4737,1 + 50 = 4787,1 ng/lt.

* i vi sn phm bia hi:
- Gi thnh phn xng (gi thnh sn xut):
= CPnguyn vt liu + CPnhn cng trc tip + CPsn xut chung TNbn sn phm ph + CPtin vn
= 3245,5 + 136+ 410,4 108,6 + 231,7 = 3915 ng/lt
- Gi thnh cng xng = Gi thnh sn xut + CPqun l doanh nghip
= 3915 + 3,1 = 3918,1 ng/lt
- Gi thnh ton b (z2) = Gi thnh cng xng + CPtiu th sn phm
= 3918,1 + 50 = 3968,1 ng/lt.
d. Gi bn
Gi:
Gi thnh ton b ca 1 n v sn phm: z1 (bia chai), z2 (bia hi);
Gi bn 1 n v sn phm: p1 (bia chai), p2 (bia hi);
Thu tiu th c bit: 40 %p1 (bia chai), 40 %p2 (bia hi);
Li nhun mong mun trn 1 n v sn phm: 10 %p1 (bia chai), 5 %p2
(bia hi).
* i vi bia chai:
Gi sn phm trc thu : = z1 +15% z1
=5505 ng/lt
Gi bn sn phm sau thu :
=
z1 + 10%z1
1 40%
=9175,3 ng/lt
*i vi bia hi:
Gi bn sn phm trc thu : = z2 +15% z2
=4563,3 ng/lt
Gi bn sn phm sau thu :
=
z 2 + 10%z 2
1 40%
= 7605,5 ng/lt
105
n tt nghip
e. Thu nhp trc thu ca d n

Thu nhp sau thu TTB ca d n nm th t (vi t > 3): Rt
Rt = Cng sut thit k Gi bn cha tnh thu
= p1.Q1 +.p2.Q2
= 31,5.9175,3 + 13,5.7605,5
= 391696,5 triu ng/nm
Cng vi khon thu t vic bn cc sn phm ph th tng doanh thu sau thu
ca nh my (vi t > 3) l: Rt = 391696,5 + 5586,3 = 397282,8 triu ng/nm
Gi bn trung bnh cha tnh thu ca sn phm:
397282,8
8830 ng/lt
45
Gi s nh my nhng nm u t cng sut 80 % so vi cng sut thit k

tng thu nhp sau thu ca d n trong nhng nm u (vi t = 1; 2; 3) l:
Rt = 397282,8.80 % = 317826,24 triu ng.
3. Dng tin v mt s ch tiu hiu qu ca nh my
Doanh thu thun = doanh thu cc khon gim tr
Trong ta coi cc khon gim tr = thu tiu th c bit +cc khon gim tr khc
(gim gi hng bn, hng bn b tr li)
Cc khon gim tr khc coi nh khng ng k
Thu nhp vn hnh = li nhun sau thu + khu hao
106
n tt nghip
Bng 21. Tng hp tnh ton ca 4 nm u

n v : triu ng
Ch tiu
Nm 1
Nm 2
Nm 3
36000000
36000000
36000000
8830
8830
8830
Doanh thu
317880
317880
317880
Cc khon gim tr
127152
127152
127152
Doanh thu thun
190728
190728
190728
Tng chi ph
165015,4
165015,4
165015,4
Li nhun trc thu
25712,6
25712,6
25712,6
25712,6
25712,6
25712,6
10427
10427
10427
36139,6
36139,6
36139,6
-104100
-76773,5
-53011,2
Vn u t ban u
Nm 0
-135526
Cng sut
Gi bn sau thu (ng.)
Thu thu nhp

Li nhun sau thu
Chi ph khu hao
Thu nhp vn hnh
Gi tr hin ti cng dn
-135526
Bng 22. Tng hp tnh ton ca 4 nm (nm th 4, 5, 6, 7)

Ch tiu
Nm 4
Nm 5
Nm 6
Nm 7
45000000
45000000
45000000
45000000
8830
8830
8830
8830
Doanh thu
397350
397350
397350
397350
Cc khon gim tr
158940
158940
158940
158940
Doanh thu thun
238410
238410
238410
238410
Tng chi ph
202054,7
210548,7
202054,7
202054,7
Li nhun trc thu
36355,3
27861,3
36355,3
36355,3
Thu thu nhp
10179,5
7801,2
10179,5
10179,5
Li nhun sau thu
26175,5
20060,1
26175,5
26175,5
10427
10427
10427
10427
Thu nhp vn hnh
36602,5
30487,1
36602,5
36602,5
Gi tr hin ti cng dn
-32083,6
-16926,1
-1101,8
12658,4
Cng sut
Gi bn sau thu (ng.)
Chi ph khu hao
107
n tt nghip
Bng 2.3. Tng hp tnh ton ca 4 nm (nm th 8, 9, 10, 11)

Ch tiu
Nm 8
Nm 9
Nm 10
Nm 11
45000000
45000000
45000000
45000000
8830
8830
8830
8830
Doanh thu
397350
397350
397350
397350
Cc khon gim tr
158940
158940
158940
158940
Doanh thu thun
238410
238410
238410
238410
Tng chi ph
202054,7
202054,7
210548,7
202054,7
Li nhun trc thu
36355,3
36355,3
27861,3
36355,3
Thu thu nhp
10179,5
10179,5
7801,2
10179,5
Li nhun sau thu
26175,5
26175,5
20060,1
26175,5
10427
10427
10427
10427
Thu nhp vn hnh
36602,5
36602,5
30487,1
36602,5
Gi tr hin ti cng dn
24623,8
35028,5
42564,5
50432
Cng sut
Gi bn sau thu (ng.)
Chi ph khu hao
Bng 2.4. Tng hp tnh ton ca 4 nm (nm th 12, 13, 14, 15)
Ch tiu
Nm 12
Nm 13
Nm 14
Nm 15
45000000
45000000
45000000
45000000
8830
8830
8830
8830
Doanh thu
397350
397350
397350
397350
Cc khon gim tr
158940
158940
158940
158940
Doanh thu thun
238410
238410
238410
238410
Tng chi ph
202054,7
202054,7
202054,7
210548,7
Li nhun trc thu
36355,3
36355,3
36355,3
27861,3
Thu thu nhp
10179,5
10179,5
10179,5
7801,2
Li nhun sau thu
26175,5
26175,5
26175,5
20060,1
10427
10427
10427
10427
Thu nhp vn hnh
36602,5
36602,5
36602,5
30487,1
Gi tr hin ti cng dn
57273,2
63222,1
68395,2
72141,8
Cng sut
Gi bn sau thu (ng.)
Chi ph khu hao
108
n tt nghip
Bng 25. Tng hp tnh ton ca 4 nm (nm th 16, 17, 18, 19)
Ch tiu
Nm 16
Nm 17
Nm 18
Nm 19
45000000
45000000
45000000
45000000
8830
8830
8830
8830
Doanh thu
397350
397350
397350
397350
Cc khon gim tr
158940
158940
158940
158940
Doanh thu thun
238410
238410
238410
238410
Tng chi ph
202054,7
202054,7
202054,7
202054,7
Li nhun trc thu
36355,3
36355,3
36355,3
36355,3
Thu thu nhp
10179,5
10179,5
10179,5
10179,5
Li nhun sau thu
26175,5
26175,5
26175,5
26175,5
10427
10427
10427
10427
Thu nhp vn hnh
36602,5
36602,5
36602,5
36602,5
Gi tr hin ti cng dn
76053,3
79454,6
82412,3
84984,2
Cng sut
Gi bn sau thu (ng.)
Chi ph khu hao
Bng 2.6. Tng hp tnh ton nm cui (nm th 20)

Ch tiu
Cng sut
Nm 20
45000000
Gi bn sau thu (ng.)
8830
Doanh thu
397350
Cc khon gim tr
158940
Thu t thanh l ti sn
50000
Tng chi ph
202054,7
Li nhun trc thu
36355,3
Thu thu nhp
10179,5
Li nhun sau thu
26175,5
Thu thanh l ti sn sau thu
4000
Chi ph khu hao
10427
Thu nhp vn hnh

Gi tr hin ti cng dn
40602,5
87465
109
n tt nghip

20
Nh vy:
NPV qua 20 nm =
At
(1 + r )
t =0
= 87465 triu ng
Theo cc bng tng hp ca 20 nm, ta nhn thy gi tr hin ti cng
dn ca nm th 7 l 12658,4 > 0 Thi gian hon vn ca d n:
Tpck = 6 +
1101,8
6,1 nm.
12658, 4
Vy, sau khong 6 nm 1 thng th d n c th thu hi c vn u t.

Ta c th kt lun l: D n c hiu qu.
110
n tt nghip
Phn VIII: V SINH AN TON LAO NG

I. V sinh
V sinh l mt cng vic lun c cc nh my sn xut cng nghip, c
bit l trong lnh vc thc phm quan tm, i hi phi c thc hin mt cch
nghim tc v nghim ngt. Cht lng sn phm ph thuc vo rt nhiu yu t
trong sn xut, trong khu v sinh ng vai tr then cht.
Vic v sinh trong nh my bao gm mt s ni dung chnh sau:
1. V sinh c nhn
- i vi cng ngh sn xut bia, cng nhn trc tip tham gia sn xut phi khe
mnh, khng mc cc bnh mn tnh hay truyn nhim.
- Khi lm vic, cng nhn phi mc qun o bo h lao ng, sch s, gn gng v
lun c thc bo v chung.
- Trong khu gy men ging th ch nhng ngi c trch nhim mi c ra vo
m bo v trng.
- Trong khu lc bia, cng nhn cn eo khu trang v hn ch ni chuyn.
- Mi cng nhn trong nh my cn thng xuyn c kim tra sc khe.
2. V sinh thit b nh xng

- Tt c cc thit b, dng c tham gia vo dy chuyn sn xut cn phi c v sinh
sch s, theo nh k.
- i vi my mc thit b cc phn xng ph tr, phi kim tra, bo dng
thng xuyn.
- Khu vc nh nu, hon thin sn phm cn thong mt, gii quyt tt vn thng
gi v ht bi.
- Cc phn xng c bi, ting n cn phi c t v tr hp l, khng nh hng
ti cc khu vc khc.
- Kho nguyn liu cn b tr hp l, rng ri, thong mt, c nhit k, m k theo di,
trnh cho vi sinh vt pht trin lm hng nguyn liu.
- Khu vc hnh chnh xy dng pha trc nh my cn phi c trng nhiu cy
xanh to v p m quan v iu ha khng kh cho nh my.
111
n tt nghip
- Cht thi v nc thi t nh my cn phi c x l t tiu chun cho php

trc khi thi ra mi trng.
- ng i, h thng thot nc, h thng x l nc thi ca nh my cn phi
c thng xuyn qut dn, kim tra.
II. An ton lao ng

Bo h an ton lao ng cng l mt khu quan trng trong sn xut v n nh
hng trc tip n sc khe, tnh mng ngi lao ng v tui th thit b. i vi
nh my sn xut bia, cn phi quan tm ti mt s im quan trng sau y:
1. Chng kh c trong nh my
- Kh c trong nh my bia ch yu l CO2 c sinh ra t qu trnh ln men v NH3
t h thng lnh.
- Khi thi l hi: hn ch tc hi do khi thi l hi gy ra cho mi trng xung
quanh, cn lp t h thng ng khi cao trn 10m khuch tn khi ln cao, khng
nh hng ti mi trng xung quanh.
2. Chng n v rung ng
Ting n v rung ng nh hng khng tt ti sc khe ca cng nhn, gy
ra mt mi, nh hng ti thnh gic, dn n s km tp trung, gim kh nng lm
vic. Do , cn phi c bin php khc phc:
- Thng xuyn kim tra, bo dng sa cha my mc kp thi.
- Khi lp cc phn, nu c th th nn lp cc tm m c n hi chng rung.
3. An ton khi vn hnh thit b

- Cc thit b chu p nh l hi, my nn, bnh np CO2 ... cn c kim tra nh
k, vn hnh cn thn, ng hng dn.
- Cc thit b khc cng cn c kim tra thng xuyn kp thi pht hin hng
hc.
- Thng xuyn theo di, kim tra cc ng ng, van, ng h o... kp thi x
l s c.
- Cng nhn khi vn hnh phi c trang b y bo h lao ng, khng b v tr
khi ang lm vic, thc hin nghim tc ch giao ca.
112
n tt nghip
4. An ton v in
Trong qu trnh sn xut, cng nhn lun phi thng xuyn tip xc vi cc
thit b s dng in, do cn ch :
- Phi thc hin tuyt i ni quy an ton v in trnh xy ra s c hay tai nn.
Cch in tt cc phn mang in, c bit l ti cc khu vc c m cao v nhiu
nc nh phn xng ln men, phn xng hon thin sn phm...
- B tr cc ng dy cch xa tm tay hoc li i li ca ngi sn xut. B tr cu
dao in hp l c th ngt mi khi c s c.
5. Phng chy cha chy

Mi phn xng u phi c thit b cha chy, t v tr hp l c th d
tm khi c s c.
113
n tt nghip
Kt lun
Trong nhng thc ung gii kht hin nay th bia l sn phm c a chung
v dng ph bin trn ton th gii, sn xut bia em li li nhun kinh t cao v y
cng chnh l ng lc thc y ngnh cng nghip sn xut bia ngy cng pht trin.
Lch s ngnh bia nc ta tuy cha lu song vi quy m v sc pht trin hin nay
khng nh cng nghip sn xut bia l mt ngnh kinh t quan trng c ch ng
vng chc trong nn kinh t quc dn v cn nhiu tim nng pht trin. Chnh v
vy thit k nh my bia l mt yu cu ph hp vi nhu cu thc tin.
Nh my sn xut bia theo cng ngh ln men hin i bao gm nhiu phn
xng vi cc my mc, trang b hin i. Do thit k mt nh my bia hon
chnh vi y cc b phn l mt cng vic rt phc tp i hi nhiu thi gian v
phi c kin thc tng hp v nhiu lnh vc. iu ny cng ni ln rng thit k nh
my bia l mt yu cu v cng l iu kin cn thit rn luyn k nng v tip
cn gn hn vi cng nghip sn xut thc phm v c bit l ngnh cng ngh sn
xut cc sn phm ln men.
Trong n ny em c nhim v thit k nh my bia vi nng sut 45 triu
lt/nm, trong sn xut 70 % l bia chai v 30% llt bia hi. S dng 20% nguyn
liu thay th l go, dch ng i ln men c nng cht kh 12Bx ng vi bia
chai v 10,5Bx ng vi bia hi.
Ni dung n gm cc phn chnh sau:
Phn I: Tng quan
Phn II: Chn phng php sn xut v thuyt minh dy chuyn cng ngh
Phn III: Lp k hoch sn xut v tnh cn bng sn phm
Phn IV: Tnh v chn thit b
Phn V: Tnh ton nhu cu nhin liu, nng lng, nhu cu nc ca nh my
Phn VI: Tnh ton v thit k xy dng
Phn VII: Tnh ton kinh t
Phn VIII: V sinh v an ton lao ng
Su bn v:
S dy chuyn cng ngh (A1)
Mt bng, mt ct nh sn xut chnh (A1)
Mt bng, mt ct khu tank ln men (A1)
Mt bng nh hon thin sn phm (A1)
Tng mt bng nh my (A1)
Cu to tank ln men (A1)
114
n tt nghip
Qu trnh lm n gip em c thm nhiu hiu bit v cng ngh sn xut

bia theo cng ngh hin i, mt ngnh sn xut hin vn cn l tim nng v ha
hn pht trin nc ta.
c s gip tn tnh ca PGS.TS Khut Hu Thanh cng cc thy c trong
vin v cc thy c bn khoa kinh t v xy dng, n ca em hon thnh. Do
kinh nghim bn thn cn t v thi gian c hn, n ca em chc chn khng trnh
khi thiu st. Rt mong c s ng gp kin ca cc thy, c em hon thin
kin thc v rt ra c nhiu kinh nghim hn.
Em xin chn thnh cm n!
H Ni thng 05 nm 2008
Sinh vin
Phm Hng Thi
115
n tt nghip
Ti liu tham kho chnh

[1] PGS,PTS Hong nh Ho. Cng ngh sn xut malt v bia
Trng i hc Bch Khoa H Ni
Nh xut bn Khoa hc v k thut, nm 2000
[2] Tp th tc gi: B mn Qu trnh thit b cng ngh ho cht v thc phm.
S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ho cht (Tp 1,2) Nh xut bn Khoa hc v
k thut, H Ni, 1982 1992.
[3] PGS,TS Nguyn Bin. Tnh ton qu trnh, thit b trong cng ngh ho cht v
cng ngh thc phm (Tp 1)
Nh xut bn Khoa hc v k thut, nm 2000
[4] PGS Ng Bnh. C s xy dng nh cng nghip
B mn xy dng cng nghip, Trng i hc Bch Khoa H Ni, nm 1997.
[5] - GS.TS Nguyn Th Hin cng nhm tc gi. Khoa hc- cng ngh malt v bia,
nh xut bn khoa hc v k thut, H Ni, 2007.
116

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n tt nghip

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 45riu lt/nm

Phm Hng Thi _CNSH B-K48

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 45riu lt/nm

V. Quy trnh cng ngh x l nc cp, nc thi..............................................................28

Phm Hng Thi _CNSH B-K48

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 45riu lt/nm

a. Lng nhit lnh cn cung cp trong giai on ln men chnh...................................65

Phm Hng Thi _CNSH B-K48

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 45riu lt/nm

Phm Hng Thi _CNSH B-K48

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 45riu lt/nm

Phm Hng Thi _CNSH B-K48

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 45riu lt/nm

Phn I: TNG QUAN

Phm Hng Thi _CNSH B-K48

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 45riu lt/nm

II. La chn loi bia sn xut, a im xy dng, vng nguyn

Phm Hng Thi _CNSH B-K48

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 45riu lt/nm

3. Vng nguyn liu

4. Vng tiu th sn phm

5. Ngun cung cp in, nc, lnh

6. Ngun cung cp nhin liu

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 45riu lt/nm

Phm Hng Thi _CNSH B-K48

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 45riu lt/nm

Phn II: La chn phng php sn xut v dy chuyn

Phm Hng Thi _CNSH B-K48

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 45riu lt/nm

- Dung trng: 530 560g/l

Thnh phn ho hc ca malt

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 45riu lt/nm

hp cht c gi tr trong hoa phi k n cht ng, polyphenol v tinh du thm

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 45riu lt/nm

5. Nguyn liu ph tr khc

Phm Hng Thi _CNSH B-K48

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 45riu lt/nm

II. Chn phng php nu

1. Nghin nguyn liu

Phm Hng Thi _CNSH B-K48

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 45riu lt/nm

Nghin go: t c hiu qu h ho v ng ho cao yu cu go phi

Phm Hng Thi _CNSH B-K48

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 45riu lt/nm

5. Lng trong v lm lnh dch ng houblon ho

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 45riu lt/nm

theo b. B hoa c tho ra y thng bng vic x nc vo thng, tho b d

Phm Hng Thi _CNSH B-K48

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 45riu lt/nm

III. Chn chng nm men v phng php ln men

2. Ln men sn phm bia chai

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 45riu lt/nm

calbergensis chu k ln men l 17 ngy. giai on ln men chnh dch ln men c

3. Ln men sn phm bia hi

Phm Hng Thi _CNSH B-K48

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 45riu lt/nm

minh dy chuyn sn xut

S dy chuyn cng ngh

Phm Hng Thi _CNSH B-K48

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 45riu lt/nm

1. Nghin nguyn liu

Thit k nh my bia nng sut 45riu lt/nm