SOLUTIONS -TO KNOW THE SOLUBILITY OF SUBSTANCES IN DIFFERENT SOLVENTS -TO KNOW THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOLUTIONS SETP

UP ONE: IODINE, SAND, SUGAR AND SALT WITH WATER SOLUBILITY: SOLUBLE, INSOLUBLE, AND SLIGHTLY SOLUBLE SET UP TWO: IODINE WITH WATER; (FASTER) IODINE WITH CHLOROFORM NOT ALL SOLUTES ARE EQUALLY SOLUBLE IN THE SAME SOLVENTS AND SOLUTES ARE NOT EQUALLY SOLUBLE IN DIFFERENT SOLVENTS. SET UP THREE: ALCOHOL AND WATER MIX = MISCIBLE GLYCERIN AND OIL WITH WATER DID NOT SET UP FOUR: WATER MIXED WITH SODIUM THIOSULFATE CRYSTALS TYPES OF SOLUTIONS: UNSATURATED, SATURATED AND SUPERSATURATED UNSATURATED- WHEN THERE IS MORE SOLVENT THAN THE SOLUTE, THE MAXIMUM CAPACITY OF THE SOLVENT TO DISSOLVE HAS NOT BEEN REACHED SATURATED- THERE IS ENOUGH SOLUTE FOR THE SOLVENT, THE MAXIMUM CAPACITY OF THE SOLVENT TO DISSOLVE HAS BEEN REACHED

SUPERSATURATED- THERE IS MORE SOLUTE THAN SOLVENT, THE CAPACITY OF THE SOLVENT IS REACHED AND SO IT CANNOT DISSOLVE ANY LONGER THE REMAINING SOLUTE SET UP NUMBER FIVE: SODIUM HYDROXIDE WITH WATER: HOT; EXOTHERMIC AMMONIUM CHLORIDE WITH WATER: COLD; ENDOTHERMIC SET UP NUMBER SIX: BLUE VITRIOL: GRINDED AND CRYSTAL; WITH HOT AND ROOM TEMPERATURE WATER THE SMALLER THE SURFACES AND THE HIGHER THE TEPMERATURE, THE FASTER THE SOLUTE DISSOLVES IN THE SOLVENT SOLUTE- SUBSTANCE TO BE DISSOLVED SOLVENT- SUBSTANCE THAT DISSOLVES THE OTHER SOLUTION- MIXTURE OF A SOLUTE AND A SOLVENT COLLOIDS SET UP ONE: CONDENSATION METHOD FERRIC CHLORIDE SOLUTION CHANGES COLOR: UNDERGOES CHEMICAL REACTION FECl3 + 3H20 (HEAT) FE (OH)3 + 3HCl SET UP TWO: FERRIC HYDROXIDE SUSPENCION AND SULFUR SUSPENCION CREATES TYNDAL EFFECT

TYNDAL EFFECT- SCATTERING OF LIGHT DUE TO THE PARTICLES IN A MIXTURE SET UP THREE: DIALYSIS FERRIC HYDROXIDE SUSPENCION DID NOT PASS THROUGH THE SEMI-PERMIABLE MEMBRANE COLLOIDS HAVE BIGGER PARTICLES SO THEY DO NOT PASS THROUGH THE MEMBRANE UNLIKE SOLUTIONS. SET UP FOUR: WATER AND COCONUT OIL ARE NOT MISCIBLE. WHEN MIXED, THERE IS TEMPORARY EMULSION. WATER AND COCONUT OIL WITH SOAP SOLUTION CAN NOW BE MIXED DUE TO THE PRESENCE OF AN EMULSIFYING AGENT. EMULSION- MIXTURE OF TWO IMMISCIBLE LIQUIDS WITH THE PRESENCE OF AN EMULSIFYING AGENT SET UP FIVE: COLLODIAL SUSPENCIONS CANNOT BE FILTERED BY A FILTER PAPER GHRAHAMS LAW LAW OF DIFFUSION (GRAHAMS LAW) THE RATE OF EFFUSION IS INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL TO THE SQUARE ROOT OF ITS MOLAR MASS.

RING WAS NEARER TO HCL BECAUSE NH4OH DIFFUSES FASTER DUE TO ITS SMALL MOLAR MASS. NH3 + HCL NH4CL COMPUTATIONS: EXPERIMENTAL VALUE: RATE A/ RATE B (RATIO) THEORITICAL VALUE: EQUATION PERCENT ERROR: EV TV/ TV * 100 CHARLES LAW VOLUME IS DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL TO TEMPERATURE UNDER CONSTANT PRESSURE

SET UP ONE: FLASK IS HEATED AND THERE WAS MAXIMUM VOLUME OF AIR BECAUSE TEMPERATURE WAS AT THE BOILING POINT WHEN FLASK WAS TRANSFERRED TO THE BASIN, THE TEMPERATURE DECREASED SO AS THE VOLUME OF THE AIR INSIDE. THUS, WATER ENTERED COMPUTATIONS: EXPERIMENTAL VALUE: MAXIMUM VOLUME THE VOLUME OF WATER THAT CAME IN THEORITICAL VALUE: USING IDEAL GAS LAW PERCENT ERROR: EV/TV= N , 1- N * 100 ACIDS NEVER TASTE CONCENTRATED ACIDS SOUR TURNS BLUE LITMUS PAPER TO RED AND RED LITMUS PAPERS STAY THE SAME

SET UP: DIFFUSION TUBE, WITH AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE AND HYDROCHLORIC ACID

ALL WOULD TURN PINK IF DROPPED WITH METHYL ORANGE INDICATOR

ACIDS (SULFURIC ACID, ACCETIC ACID, NITRIC ADIC AND HYDROCHLORIC ACID) WITH ALUMINUM SHAVINGS: HYDROGEN GAS IS FORMED ACIDS (SULFURIC ACID, ACCETIC ACID, NITRIC ADIC AND HYDROCHLORIC ACID) WITH MARBLE CHIPS: CARBON DIOXIDE IS RELEASED THERE ARE STRONG ACIDS AND WEAK ACIDS HCL: STRONG ACETIC: WEAK