Rating and Design of Tubular Heat Exchangers using HTRI

Abstract:- Heat exchangers are invariably the most widely used equipment in the industry and are indispensable tools in every process . Heat exchangers design is instrumental in energy conservation. An efficient design optimizes the economics of the process and also plays a vital role in enchanting the rate of heat transfer. In lieu of the labour involved in determining the various parameters, HTRI provides a better design by improvising on the accuracy of calculations in as less a time as possible. The main aim of this project is to illustrate the usage of HTRI by considering on industrial case

Introduction: - Heat exchangers are devices that provide the flow of thermal energy between two or more fluids at different temperatures. Heat exchangers are used in a wide variety of applications. These include power production; process, chemical and food industries; electronics; environmental engineering; waste heat recovery; manufacturing industry and air conditioning, refrigeration and space application. Heat exchangers can be classified according to the following main criteria

In this project we are interested in the indirect contact for tubular heat exchangers only Tubular heat exchangers: - Tubular heat exchangers are classified into the following types
Double pipe heat exchangers:

Rating Design (sizing) In rating problem the performance of the heat exchanger is evaluated. The rating problem input includes

Consists of one pipe placed concentrically inside another of large diameter.

Shell and Tube heat exchangers: -

Heat exchanger construction details

Consists of a shell inside which tubes are placed in the form of bundle. This is the most commonly used heat exchangers in industries
Spiral heat exchangers: - Consists

Flow arrangements Overall dimensions Material details Surface geometries Fluid flow rates Inlet temperatures Fouling factors

of a shell surrounded by spiral path for the flow of the second fluid. Shell and Tube heat exchangers consists of the following equipments

The designer`s task is to predict the fluid outlet temperatures, total heat transfer rate and pressure drops. In design problem the physical size of an exchanger is determined. The input to design problem are

Tubes Baffles Shell

The equipments used are according to the Tubular Heat Exchanger Manufacturing Association (TEMA) standards. The detail specification of the equipment, their shape and sizes are mentioned in TEMA 6th edition. Heat exchanger design problem: - The two most heat exchanger design problem are

Fluid inlet and outlet temperature Flow rates Fouling factors Pressure drop on each side

The designer`s task is to select

Construction type Flow arrangements

Material and surface geometry

HTRI Xchanger suite 1.0 is a product that assists in Design/Rating of multiple unit type. It includes components for the design, rating and/or simulation of heat exchangers. The suits available in software are
Xace Air coolers and

Basic Design procedure: To design a heat exchanger the following algorithm is followed
1. Define duty of the exchanger 2. Fluid physical properties are

economizers.
Xist Shell and Tube. Xhpe Hairpin Xjpe Jacketed pipes Xphe Plate and Frame. Xspe Spiral plate. Xfh Fired heaters. Xvib vibrational analysis.

gathered or estimated
3. Type of heat exchanger 4. Select a trivial value of U (overall

heat transfer coefficient).

5. Calculate LMTD (logarithmic Mean

In this project we had dealt with only Xjpe and Xist as we were only concern with tubular heat exchangers.

Temperature Difference).
6. Calculate the area required

Q=UATm
7. Decide the exchanger layout 8. Calculate the individual coefficients 9. Calculate the overall coefficient

WHY HTRI

Dynamic input unit conversion Multiple case view Wide variety of reports Complete control over the design variables and range of variation

with the trial value.

10. Calculate the pressure drop if

unsatisfactory return to step 7or 4 or 3.

11. Optimize the design.

Internal databank Program calculated and interpolated properties

HTRI

Easy design of cases where manual calculation are time consuming

WORK CARRIED OUT:

A rating problem was run for Example 6.1 (Process heat transfer, Donald Q. Kern, McGraw Hill, 1965). CONCLUSION:

A rating problem for a shell and tube heat exchanger Example 3.1 (Boilers-Evaporators-Condensers, Sadic Kakac, John Wiley and Sons inc, 1991).

HTRI offers many input options Simulation becomes easier, a number of geometries can be evaluated

A thermal design for an industrial case was done for a problem from Reliance industries Ltd., Jamnagar.

Wide range of reports can be obtained

Various plots can be plotted. 3-D exchanger drawings can be obtained.