S10

Special Abstracts / Journal of Biotechnology 150S (2010) S1S576

[B.7] Ethanol production of enzymatic empty fruit bunch hydrolysate by occulent type of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Khanom Simarani 1,3, , M.A. Hassan 2 , S. Abd-Aziz 2 , M. Wakisaka 1 , Y. Shirai 1 Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia 3 University of Malaya, Malaysia Keywords: Empty fruit bunch hydrolysate; Ethanol; Enzymatic saccharication; Flocculent yeast
2 1

Empty fruit bunch (EFB) is the most abundant waste produced in the processing of palm oil industry. Currently 17.08 million tonnes of EFB was generated annually from Malaysian palm oil industry, automatically collected as business-as-usual at the mills. The large quantity of EFB annually cannot be used effectively and regularly discharged at palm oil mill left after removal of the fruit. Many of them are returned to plantation side and applied over eld after weeding and sanitation as mulch and organic fertilizer. The utilization of the EFB for bio ethanol production is an elegant way to dispose this biomass while generating additional income and increase the economy benet for the industry. In order to produce the EFB hydrolysate, the enzymatic saccharication was carried out in 20L reactor containing citrate buffer with working volume of 75%. Freeze and thawing method was used in concentrating the glucose in the EFB hydrolysate and the glucose recovery of 25 g/L after ve cycles. The hydrolysate was supplemented with nutrient minerals and was sterilized by 0.2 m lter before fermented by occulent type of S. cerevisiae. A separate hydrolysis fermentation (SHF) batch culture of hydrolysate as substrate was developed giving of 8.28 g/l/h of the volumetric productivity (Q12) with the glucose consumption rate of 1.33 g/l/h. Repeat batch method promised the advantage to be separated conveniently from previous batch by sedimentation and re-used for the next to build up more biomass and thus facilitate the fermentation process. The volumetric productivity was increased of 9.94 g/l h after rst recycle of the occulent yeast in the fermentation system. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.08.040 [B.8] Pineapple Peel Waste for Bioethanol Production Chalerm Ruangviriyachai , Chatchanun Niwaswong, Narong Kosaikanon, Saksit Chanthai, Patiwat Chaimart Khon Kaen University, Thailand Keywords: Pineapple peel; Bioethanol; Cellulose; GC-FID Bioethanol could be an alternative energy source in the future. It is produced from high economic materials such as molass, tapioca starch. The initial cost of these materials increase high. However, alternatively bioethanol can be produced from agricultural waste such as soft wood, rice straw, pineapple peel, which they have high content of cellulose and hemicellulose for produce ethanol. Chemical structure of hemicellulose is heteropolysaccharide. It consists of xylose, arabinose, galactose, manose and others, unlike cellulose which consists of glucose. These saccharides are produced by hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicellulose. The aim of this work is to produce bioethanol by fermentation. Determination of the yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae content and diluted sulfuric acid concentration were also investigated. Samples for fermentation were prepared into 3 cases: fresh pineapple juice, pineapple

juice left for 1 week and solution (reduced sugar) obtained from hydrolyzed process on remaining residue (cellulose) from pineapple peel pressed, respectively. For preparation of raw materials, pineapple peel was brought to blend and then lter to prepare samples in case 1 and 2. In case 3, cellulose remained from the pressed pineapple peel was dried and soaked in 10% (w/v) NaOH solution at 100 C for 24 h and investigated for content of cellulose and hemicellulose by a Thermal Gravimetric Analyzer, before hydrolyzed with 0.010.25 M concentration of sulfuric acid at 160 C, 15 psi for 2 h. Each sample in all case was adjusted pH 5 with 0.2 M NaOH and was added 110 mL of yeast content. Solution samples were drawn to analyze ethanol concentration during fermentation every 24 h by GC-FID. The results showed that the appropriate yeast content was 5 mL used. The sample in case 3 using a Thermal Gravimetric Analysis that pineapple peel consists of 3045% cellulose, 2035% hemicellulose but no lignin. In our experiments, fresh pineapple juice gave highest content of ethanol of 15.8%. Pineapple juice in case 2 can present content of ethanol of 12.0%. Finally, fermentation from hydrolyzed cellulose with 0.1 M sulfuric acid, gave highest content of ethanol of 9.8%. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.08.041 [B.9] Yeast optimization for fermenting C5 and C6 sugars B. Hahn-Hgerdal , F. Gorwa-Grauslund Applied Microbiology, LTH/Lund University, Sweden The prospects of global warming and the potential future shortage of fossil chemical and fuel feed-stocks have turned the interest towards utilization of lignocellulosic raw materials derived from agriculture and forest products. Such raw materials are composed of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose and require pre-treatment at elevated temperatures with acid or base to make cellulose and hemicellulose accessible to subsequent acid or enzymatic hydrolysis. During pre-treatment and hydrolysis fermentation inhibitorsphenol and furan derivatives and low molecular weight fatty acids are released. Cellulose and hemicellulose are hydrolyzed to fermentable monomer C6 and C5 sugars (glucose, mannose, galactose, xylose and arabinose), while lignin may be recovered as fuel. Hydrolyzed lignocellulosic raw materials thus comprise a mixed-sugar substrate in an inhibiting matrix. Because of its high inhibitor tolerance, its wide biological activity and its proven record as industrial fermentation micro-organism, bakers yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the prime choice of micro-organism for a fermentation industry based on lignocellulosic raw materials. Microbial genomics including metabolic engineering, inverse metabolic engineering and evolutionary engineering as well as the concept of systems biology has generated new C5 and C6 sugar utilizing strains of S. cerevisiae to be exploited in the future bioethanol industry based on renewable lignocellulosic raw materials. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.08.042