PASSAGE ONE (Questions 1-11) The final battle of the War of 18l2 was the Battle of New Orleans.

This battle gave a clear demonstration of the need for effective communication during wartime, it also showed the disastrous results that can come to pass when communication is inadequate. The War of 1812 was fought between Great Britain and the very young country of the United States only a relatively few years after the United States had won its independence from Britain, The United States had declared war against Britain in June of l8l2, mostly because of interference with U.S. shipping by the British and because ofthe shanghaiing of U.S. sailors for enforced service on British vessels. The war lasted for a little more than two years, when a peace treaty was, signed at Ghent, in Belgium, on the 24th of December, I8I4. Unfortunately, the news that the Treaty of Ghent had been signed and that the war was officially over was communicated in a timely manner over the wide distance to where the war was being comtested. Negotiation for the treaty and the actual signing of the treaty took place in Europe, and news of the treaty had to be carried across the Atlantic to the war front by ship. A totally unnecessary loss of life was incurred as a result of the amount of time that it took to inform the combatants of the treaty. Early in January of l8l5, some two weeks after the peace treaty had been signed, British troops in the southern part of thc United States were unaware that the war had officially ended. Over 5,000 British troops attacked U.S. Troops. During the ensuing battle, known as the Battle of New Orleans, the British suffered a huge number of casualties, around 2,000, and the American lost 71, all in a battle fought only because news of the peace treaty that had already been signed in Ghent had not yet reached the battlefield. 1, The main idea of this passage is that a. the War of Independence was unnecessary b. the War of 1812 was unnecessary c. the Treaty of Ghent was unnecessary d. the Battle of New Orleans was unnecessary 2. Look at the word it in paragraph 1. Click on the word or phrase that it revers to. 3. Look at the expression come to pass inparagraph 1. This expression could best be replaced by a. happen b. overthrow c. selfdestruct d. circumvent 4. According to the passage, when did the United States win its independence from Britain? a. Shortly before the War of 1812 b. During the War of 1812 c. Just after the War of 1812 d. Long after the War of 1812 5. According to the passage, some U.S. sailors were a. taken forcibly to Shanghai b. made to go to Ghent c. forced to work on British ships d. responsible for causing the War of 1812 6. It is NOT stated in the passage that Ghentwas a. where negotiations took place b. the site of the final battle c. where the treaty was signed

d. far from the battlefield 7. It can be determined from the passage that, of the following dates, the Battle of New Orleans was most probably fought a. on December 10, 1814 b. on December 24, 1814 c. on January 1, 1815 d. on January 8,1815 PASSAGE TWO (Questions 12-21) Although only a small percentage of the electromagnetic radiation that is emitted by the Sun is ultraviolet (UV) radiation, the amount that is emitted would be enough to cause severe damage to most forms of life on Earth were it all to reach the surface of the earth. Fortunately, all of the Sun's ultraviolct radiation does not reach the earth because of a layer of oxygen, called the ozone layer, encircling the earth in the stratosphere at an altitude gf about 15 miles above the earth. The ozone layer absorbs much of the Sun's ultraviolet radiation and prevents it from reaching the earth. Ozone is a form of oxygen in which each molecule consists of three atoms (O,) instead of the two atoms (O2) usually found in an oxygen molecule, Ozone forms in the stratosphere in a process that is initiated by ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. UV radiation from the Sun splits oxygen molecules with two atoms into free oxygen atoms, and each of these unattached oxygen atoms then joins up with an oxygen molecule to form ozone, UV radiation is also capable of splitting up ozone molecules; thus, ozone is constantly forming, splitting, and reforming in the stratosphere. When UV radiation is absorbed during the process of ozone formation and reformation, it is unable to reach and cause damage there. Recently however, the ozone layer over parts of the earth has been diminishing. Chief among the culprits in the case of the disappearing ozone, those that are really responsible, are the chloroflurocarbons (CFCs). CFCs meander up from Earth into the stratosphere, where they break down and release chlorine. The released chlorine reacts with ozone in the stratosphere to form Chlorine monoxide (CIO) and oxygen (O2). The chlorine then becomes free to go through the cycle and over again. One chlorine atom can, in fact, destroy hundreds of thousands of ozone molecules in this repetitious cycle. 8. According to the passage. Ultraviolet radiation from the Sun a. is causing severe damage to the earth's ozone layer b. is only a fraction of the Sun's electromagnetic radiation c. creates electromagnetic radiation d. always reaches the earth 9. Look at the word encircling in paragraph 1. This word is closest in meaning to a. rotating b. attacking c. raising d. surrounding 10. It is stated in the passage that the ozone layer a. enables ultraviolet radiation to reach the earth b. reflects ultraviolet radiation c. shields the earth from a lot of ultraviolet radiation d. reaches down to the earth

11. Ultraviolet radiation causes oxygen molecules to a. rise to the stratosphere b. burn up ozone molecules c. split up and reform as ozone d. reduce the number of chloroflurocarbons 12. Look at the word culprits in paragraph 3. This word is closest in meaning to which of the following? a. Guilty parties b. Detectives c. Group members d. Leaders PASSAGE THREE (Questions 22-34) Esperanto is what is called a planned, or artificial, language. It was created more than a century ago by Polish eye doctor Ludwik Lazar Zamenhof. Zamenhof believed that a common language would help to alleviate some of the misunderstandings among cultures. In Zamenhofs first attempt at a universal language, he tried to create a language that was as uncomplicated as possible. This first language included words such as ab, ac, ba, eb, be, and ce. This did not result in a workable language in that these monosyllabic words, though short, were not easy to understand or to retain. Next, Zamenhof tried a different way of constructing a simplified language. He made the words in his language sound like words that people already knew, but he simplified the grammar tremendously. One example of how he simplified the language can be seen in the suffixes: all nouns in this language end in o, as in the noun amiko, which means "friend," and all adjectives end in -a, as in the adjective bela, which means "pretty." Another example of the simplified language can be seen in prefix mal-, which makes a word opposite in meaning; the word malamiko therefore means enemy, and the word malbela therefore means "ugly" in Zamenhof's language. In 1887, Zamenhof wrote a description of this language and published it. He used a penname, Dr. Esperanto, when signing the book. He selected the name Esperanto because this word means "a person who hopes" in his language. Esperanto clubs began popping up throughout Europe, and by 1905 Esperanto had spread from Europe to America and Asia. In 1905, the First World Congress of Esperanto took place in France, with approximately 700 attendees from 20 different countries. Congresses were held annually for nine years, and 4,000 attendees were registered for the Tenth World Esperanto Congress scheduled for 1914, when World War I erupted and forced its cancellation. Esperanto has had its ups and downs in the period since World War I. Today, years after it was introduced, it is estimated that perhaps a quarter of a million people are lluent in it.Current advocates would like to see its use grow considerably and are taking steps to try to make this happen. 13. The topic of this passage is a. a language developed in the last few years b. one man's efforts to create a universal language c. how language can be improved d. using language to communicate internationally

14. According to the passage, Zamenhof wanted to create a universal language a. to resolve cultural differences b. to provide a more complex language c. to build a name for himself d. to create one world culture 15. It can be inferred from the passage that the Esperanto word malespera means a. hopelessness b. hope c. hopeless d. hopeful 16. Look at the expression popping up in paragraph 4. This expression could best be replaced by a. leaping b. shouting c. hiding d. opening 17. lt can bc inferred from the passage that the Third World Congress of Esperanto took place a. in 1905 b. in 1907 c. in 1909 d. in 1913 18. According to the passage, what happened to the Tenth World Esperanto Congress? a. It had 4,000 attendees. b. It was scheduled for 1915. c. It had attendees from 20 countries. d. It never took place. 19. Look at the expression ups and downs in paragraph 6. This expression is closest in meaning to a. tops and bottoms b. floors and ceilings c. take offs and landings d. highs and lows 20. This passage would mostlikely be assigned reading in a course on a. European history b. English grammar c. world govemment d. applied linguistics 21. The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses a. how current supporters of Esperanto are encouraging its growth b. another of Zarnenhof's accomplishments c. the disadvantages of using an artificial language d. attempts to reconvene the World Congress of Esperanto in the 1920s

PASSAGE TWO (Questions 3-5) Two types of trees from the same family of trees share honors in certain respects as the most impressive of trees. Both evergreen conifers, the California redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) ant the giant (Sequoiandendron giganteum) are found growing natively only in the state of California. The California redwood is found along the northern coast of the state, while the giant sequoia is found inland and at higher elevations, along the western slopes of the Sierra Nevadas. The California redwood is the tallest living tree and is in fact the tallest living thing on the face of the earth; the height of the tallest redwood on record is 385 feet (120 meters). Though not quite as tall as the California redwood, with a height of 320 feet (100 meters), the giant sequoia is nonetheless the largest and most massive of living things; giant sequoias have been measured at more than 100 feet (30 meters) around the base, with weights of more than 6,000 tons. 22. It is implied in the passage that (A) the leaves of only the California redwood turn brown in the autumn (B) the leaves of only the giant sequoia turn brown in the winter (C) the leaves of both types of trees in the passage turn brown in the winter (D) the leaves of neither type of tree in the passage turn brown in the winter 23. It can be inferred from the passage that the Sierra Nevadas are (A) a type of giant redwood (B) a coastal community (C) a group of lakes (D) a mountain range 24. Which of the following is implied in the passage? (A) The giant sequoia is taller than the California redwood. (B) The California redwood is not as big around as the giant sequoia. (C) The California redwood weighs more than the giant sequoia. (D) Other living things are larger than the giant sequoia.

THE ANSWER 1. c. the Treaty of Ghent was unnecessary - Because theres over 5,000 British troops attacked U.S. Troops so its unnecessary 2. it in paragraph 1 means the battle - Because before it explain about the battle of New Orleans. 3. a. Happen - Because its explain about when the battle of New Orleans happen. 4. c. Just after the War of 1812 - Because theres The War of 1812 was fought between Great Britain and the very young country of the United States only a relatively few years after the United States had won its independence from Britain, The United States had declared war against Britain in June of l8l2. 5. c. forced to work on British ships - Because theres this statment mostly because of interference with U.S. shipping by the British and because ofthe shanghaiing of U.S. sailors for enforced service on British vessels. 6. b. the site of the final battle - Because therere where negotiations took place, where the treaty was signed, and far from the battlefield in that passage. 7. c. on January 1, 1815 - Because it happen in January 1815 so it happen in the first January 1815. 8. c. is only a fraction of the Sun's electromagnetic radiation - Because the electromagnetic radiation that is emitted by the Sun is ultraviolet (UV) radiation, the amount that is emitted would be enough to cause severe damage to most forms of life on Earth were it all to reach the surface of the earth. It means that Uv is only a fraction of the Sun. 9. a. Rotating - Because encircling similar by rotating 10. c. shields the earth from a lot of ultraviolet radiation - Because ozone layer is shields the earth from a lot of Ultraviolet radiation. 11. c. split up and reform as ozone - Because oxygen can split up and reform as ozone that can protect the earth from UV. 12. a. Guilty parties - Because Guilty parties similar by culprits 13. b. one man's efforts to create a universal language - Because its topic is about Zamenhof efforts to create a universal language 14. a. to resolve cultural differences - Because the function of Esperanto is resolve cultural differences 15. d. hopeful - Because malespera is similar by hopeful in Esperanto 16. c. hiding - Because the best be replaced by hiding 17. a. in 1905 - Because theres In 1905, the First World Congress of Esperanto took place in France. 18. d. It never took place. - Because theres a world war 1 19. c. take offs and landings - Because it means that. 20. b. English grammar - Because its used by english grammar nowdays 21. a. how current supporters of Esperanto are encouraging its growth

- Because its in the last paragraph 22. b. the leaves of only the giant sequoia turn brown in the winter - Because its in the passage 23. d. mountain range - Because theres The California redwood is found along the northern coast of the state, while the giant sequoia is found inland and at higher elevations, along the western slopes of the Sierra Nevadas. 24. b. The California redwood is not as big around as the giant sequoia. - Because its in the passage