Elementary engineering fracture mechanics lS yeeccon oe © = provecios 3 giplioieca >, DAVID BROEK “hug uo} *kuedulog aremyos 1xX0-4 Aq (9) 1982 MARTINUS NIJHOFF PUBLISHERS 11 member of the KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS GROUP BOSTON / THE HAGUE / DORDRECHT / LANCASTERDistributors {for the United States and Canada: Kluwer Boston, Inc., 190 Old Derby Street, Hingham, MA 02043, USA ‘forall other countries: Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, Distribution Center, P.O.Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands Library of Congress Catalogue Card Number 82-45135 Ist Edition 1974 2nd revised edition 1978 3rd revised edition 1982 3rd printing 1984 ISBN 90-247-2580-1 Copyright © 1984 by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, The Hague. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, P.O. Box 566, 2501 CN The Hague, ‘The Netherlands. PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS DIRECC'ON DE PROYECT 25 Biblioteca Contents Preface to the first edition Preface to the second edition Preface to the third edition Part 1 PRINCIPLES Chapter | Summary of basic problems and concepts u 1 1 1 1 1 1 Introduction A crack in a structure ‘The stress at a crack tip ‘The Griffith criterion The crack opening displacement criterion Crack propagation Closure Chapter 2 Mechanisms of fracture and crack growth 21 22 23 24 25 26 Introduction Cleavage fracture Ductile fracture Fatigue cracking Environment assisted cracking Service failure analysis 15 7 18 n 24 3 38 48 39. 62Contents Chapter 3 The elastic crack-tip stress field 3.1 The Airy stress function 3.2. Complex stress functions 3.3. Solution to crack problems 34. The effect of finite size 3.5. Special cases 3.6 Elliptical cracks 3.7 Some useful expressions Chapter 4 The crack tip plastic zone 4.1. The Irwin plastic zone correction 4.2. The Dugdale approach 4.3 The shape of the plastic zone 44 Plane stress versus plane strain 4.5. Plastic constraint factor 4.6 The thickness effect Chapter § The energy principle 5.1 The energy release rate 5.2 The criterion for crack growth 5.3. The crack resistance (R curve) 54 Compliance 5.5 The J integral 5.6 Tearing modulus 5.7 Stability or 6 68 69 B 1 80 86 91 a1 96 lol 105 107 15 15 19 122 127 131 136 137 Chapter 6 Dynamics and erack arrest Crack speed and kinetic energy 2. The dynamic stress intensity and clastic energy release rate 63 Crack branching 64 The principles of crack arrest 65° Crack arrest in practice 6.6 Dynamic fracture toughness Chapter 7 Plane strain fracture toughness 7.1 The standard test 7.2. Size requirements 73 Nonlinearity 74 Applicability Chapter 8 Plane stress and transitional behaviour 8.1 Introduction 8.2 An engineering concept of plane stress. 8.3 The R curve concept 8.4. The thickness effect 8.5 Plane stress testing 8.6 Closure Contents 142 142 147 150 155 162 165 170 170 114 7 181 185 185 189 193 199 208 216 vit