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Chapter 13 Notes Forces in Fluids I. Fluid and Pressure ______________________ The result of force distributed over an area.

Pressure = __________________________ Pascal (Pa) SI unit for _____________________ Named after French scientist, _________________________________l (1623 1662). Pressure in Fluids Fluid substance that assumes the _____________ of its container. Examples: liquid and gases ____________________________ are 2 factors that affect pressure. As depth increases, _________________________ increases Pressure at 25 cm in bathtub and lake are the same-Amount doesnt affect Weight of Earth atmosphere at sea level = ________________. Air pressure ____________________with depth of atmosphere just like water AS ALTITUDE INCREASES, AIR PRESSURE _________________________. Why do your ears pop? Unbalanced air pressure inside and outside your ear b/c pressure changes more quickly than ears adjust Pressure equalizes when air passes thru a small tube and you hear a pop Body is not crushed by atmosphere b/c pressure inside your body _______________outside pressure. Data Analysis p. 392 Section Assessment Questions 1-5 p. 393 Inquiry Activity: what makes something float CBL Lab: Fun with Pressure

II. Forces and Pressure in Fluids __________________________________ is a change in pressure at any point in a fluid is transmitted __________________and unchanged in all _____________ throughout the liquid. Hydraulic Systems Device that uses pressurized fluid acting on ________________ of different sizes to change a force

Input force applied to small piston, pushes on fluid of seal system pushes large piston = __________________________. Daniel Bernoulli (1700 1782) Bernoullis Principles states that: As speed of fluid________________, the pressure within fluid _________________. Blow across the top of a piece of paper, paper lifts upward WHY? Pressure is constant below and decreases above.

Wings and Lift Why can a bird and airplane fly: ________________________ so air travels faster over the wings _____________ the pressure difference between the top and bottom of the wing creates and upward force Birds can flap wings to produce some lift and forward motion Sometimes do opposite with cars to keep downward force for traction Buoyant Force ________________________ the ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object laying in it Apparent loss of weight Water exerts and upward force on object, making easier to lift Acts in ________________________ direction of gravity Water pressure _____________________ with depth SO forces pushing up on bottom are greater than forces pushing down on top Archimedes Principle Archimedes Greek mathematician died 212 B.C. The _________________________ on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object Section Assessment Questions 1-6 p. 397

III.

Density and Buoyancy

a. Density = ________________________________________ The units for Density are ____________________________________. If object less dense than fluid = ________________________________________. Two forces always act on an object in a fluid: 1)_____________________- Equals force of gravity (mass X 9.8 m/s2) and it acts downward. 2)_________________________-Equals weight of volume of displace fluid and it acts upward. When force is equal object _________________________ or is suspended. There are 3 things that objects will do in water: 1. _____________________________ Same density as the fluid it is submerged in Buoyancy = weight 2. ______________________________ weight > buoyancy 3. __________________________________ Buoyancy > weight Why does a piece of steel sink and a huge steel ship float? Ship-Shape of hull which is shaped to displace large volume of water = large buoyant force and it increases volume and decreases density. Section 3 Assessment Questions 1-7 p. 404 Exploration Lab p. 105

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