DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR BEAMS:

The various steps in the procedure are as follows:

1. Initially, the effective span of the beam is found, by taking clear span + effective depth or clear span + half the support thickness, whichever is lesser. 2. Assuming a suitable overall thickness of the beam, calculate the factored loads (dead load and live load from slab and self weight of beam) for design. This initial guess for thickness of beam may be made from empirical relations between depth and span considering the deflection criteria. The factored load is (1.5 DL+ 1.5 LL). A suitable cover depending on exposure condition is assumed. 3. The moments are taken from the substitute frame analysis done manually. 4. Using the limit state formula in annexure G of IS 456 2000, find the minimum effective depth required for the maximum moment M. 5. As the depth selected is usually greater than the minimum depth d, tension steel required will be less than the balanced amount for the section. Determine the steel required by formula in annexure G of IS 456 2000, for each Moment (Support and mid span). 6. Check whether this steel is not less than the minimum percentage of the gross section specified for beams. 7. Choose a suitable diameter for the main reinforcement and determine the number of bars. 8. Provide necessary hanger bars and development length. 9. Check for shear and provide shear reinforcement.