Danilo V. Rogayan Jr.

BSED Biological Science IV

Ms. Kenn Lesley M. Gagasa Biostatistics

PART II - FINAL EXAM IN BIOSTATISTICS 1. A group of fourth year high school students were given a pretest before undergoing an intense review in NAT. The data obtained are given below. Determine whether the intense review has an effect on the performance of the students. Let =0.05.
Student 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Pretest 40 45 63 55 49 60 70 53 44 50 71 62 40 35 40 Postest 85 80 75 60 78 58 90 85 80 75 75 65 85 80 56

Solution: Step 1. H0 H1 There is no significant difference of the intense review in NAT on the performance of the students. There is a significant difference of the intense review in NAT on the performance of the students.

Step 2. Step 3.

= 0.05; two-tailed test (nondirectional) Reject the null hypothesis if the computed t-value is greater than the critical value of 2.145 at =0.05 with 14 degrees of freedom. T-test for dependent samples

Step 4.

Biostatistics Final Exam

Worksheet Computation of t-test for Dependent Samples

Student 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Pretest (X1) 40 45 63 55 49 60 70 53 44 50 71 62 40 35 40 Postest (X2) 85 80 75 60 78 58 90 85 80 75 75 65 85 80 56 D -45 -35 -12 -5 -29 2 -20 -32 -36 -25 -4 -3 -45 -45 -16 D2 2025 1225 144 25 841 4 400 1024 1296 625 16 9 2025 2025 256

350

11 940

t=

t= t = 5.50 The degree of freedom: df = 15 1 df = 14 Step 5. Conclusion: Reject H0 since the computed value of 5.50 is greater than the critical value of 2.145 at = 0.05 with 14 degrees of freedom. There is a significant difference of the intense review in NAT on the performance of the students.

Biostatistics Final Exam

2. Data from a school census show that the mean weight of college freshmen was 45 kilos, with a standard deviation of 3 kilos. A sample of 100 students was found to have a mean weight of 47 kilos. Are the 100 college students really heavier than the rest, using 0.05 significance level? Solution: Step 1. H0 The mean weight of college freshmen is still 45 kilos. H1 The mean weight of college freshmen is no longer 45 kilos. In symbols, H0 : H1 : Step 2. Step 3. = 45 kilos 45 kilos

=0.05; two-tailed test (nondirectional) Z-test for a single mean Z=

Step 4. Step 5.

Reject H0 if the computed Z value is greater than 1.96 or less than -1.96. Given: = 47 = 45 n = 100 =3 Required: Z=? Z= Z = 47 45 3 Z = 6.67

Step 6. Conclusion:

Reject the null hypothesis. The mean weight of college freshmen is no longer 45 kilos.

3. A student teacher researches whether or not Peer Tutoring is more effective than traditional teaching. She picks two classes of approximately equal intelligence. She gathers a sample of 18 students to whom she uses the Peer Tutoring method and another sample of 14 students to whom she uses the traditional method. After the experiment, an objective test reveals that the first sample got a mean of 28.6 with a standard deviation of 5.9, while the second group got a mean score of 21.7 with a

Biostatistics Final Exam

standard deviation of 4.6. Based on the result of the administered test, can we say that peer tutoring is more effective than traditional method? Solution: Step 1. H0 : There is no significant difference between peer tutoring and traditional method. H1 : There is a significant difference between peer tutoring and traditional method. =0.05; two-tailed test (nondirectional) Reject the null hypothesis if the computed t-value is greater than the critical value of 2.042 at =0.05 with 30 degrees of freedom. t-test for independent samples t=

Step 2. Step 3. Step 4.

Peer Tutoring X1 = 28.6 S1 = 5.9 n1 = 18 t= t= t= t= t = 8.52 The degree of freedom: df = n1 + n2 2 df = 18 + 14 2 df = 32 2 df = 30 Step 5. Conclusion:

Traditional Method X2 = 21.7 S2 = 4.6 n2 = 14

Reject H0 since the computed value of 8.52 is greater than the critical value of 2.042. There is a significant difference between peer tutoring and traditional method. Hence, we cab say that peer tutoring is more effective than traditional method Biostatistics Final Exam 4

4. Three are 3 groups of 6 students each where each group is subjected to one of the three types of teaching method. The grade of the students are taken at the end of the semester and enumerated as follows: Student 1 2 3 4 5 6 Group I Method A 84 90 92 96 84 88 Group II Method B 70 75 90 80 75 75 Group III Method C 90 95 70 98 88 90

Determine if there is no significant difference in the grade of the students subjected to one of the three types of teaching method at 0.05 level. Step 1. H0 : H1 : Computation: Student 1 2 3 4 5 6 N=6+6+6 N = 18 A 84 90 92 96 84 88 534 B 70 75 90 80 75 75 465 C 90 95 70 98 88 90 531 A2 7056 8100 8464 9216 7056 7744 47 636 B2 4900 5625 8100 6400 5625 5625 36 275 C2 8100 9025 4900 9604 7744 8100 47 473 There is no significant difference in the grade of the students subjected to one of the three types of teaching method. There is a significant difference in the grade of the students subjected to one of the three types of teaching method.

x = A + B + C = 534 + 465 + 531 x = 1530

x2 = A2 + B2 + C2 = 47 636 + 36 275+ 47 473 x2 = 131 384

Computation of the different sums of squares: Step 2. SSTOT = 131 384 (1530)2 / 18 SSTOT = 1334 SSBET = (534)2 / 6 + (465)2 / 6 + (531)2 / 6 - (1530)2 / 18 SSBET = 507 SSW = 1334 507 SSW = 827 Biostatistics Final Exam 5

Step 3.

Step 4.

Step 5.

MS BET = 507 / 2 = 253.50 MS W = 827 / 15 = 55.13 F = 253.50 / 55.13 = 4.60

Critical value: At 1% level of significance, with 2o and 15o of freedom, the critical value is 6.36. (Refer to F-distribution Table). Summary table for the One-Factor ANOVA of the Mean Grades of the Three Sample Groups
Sources Variation Between Column Within Column Sum of Squares 507 827 Degrees of Freedom 2 15 Mean Squares 253.50 4.60 55.13 6.36 Accept Ho Computed F Tabular F (0.01) Decision Interpretation Not Significant

Since the computed F value of 4.60 is less than the tabular value of 6.36, the null hypothesis is accepted. This implies that there is no significant difference in the grade of the group of students subjected to one of the three types of teaching method

5. In a research on the extent of implementation of guidance services among three different academic groups, the following data were presented below. Groups Very Much Implemented Administrators 10 Teachers 13 Students 21 Total 44 Solution: Step 1. H0 : H1 : There is no significant relationship between the extent of implementation of guidance services among three different academic groups. There is a significant relationship between the extent of implementation of guidance services among three different academic groups. Moderately Implemented 9 12 10 31 Slightly implemented 8 14 18 40 Total 27 39 49 115

Step 2. Step 3.

= 0.05; two-tailed Reject the null hypothesis if the computed value is greater than 9.49. Biostatistics Final Exam 6

Step 4.

Compute the value of the test statistics from the given data. X2 = df = (number of column 1) (number of row 1)

1st Category 44 x 27 / 115 = 10.33 = (10 10.33)2 / 10.33 = 0.01 44 x 39 / 115 = 14.92 = (13 14.92)2 / 14.92 = 0.25 44 x 49 / 115 = 18.75 = (21 18.75)2 / 18.75 = 0.27 2nd Category 31 x 27 / 115 = 7.28 = (9 7.28)2 / 7.28 = 0.41 31 x 39 / 115 = 10.51 = (12 10.51)2 / 10.51 = 0.21 31 x 49 / 115 = 13.21 = (10 13.21)2 / 13.21 = 0.78 3rd Category 40 x 27 / 115 = 9.39 = (8 9.39)2 / 9.39 = 0.21 40 x 39 / 115 = 13.57 = (14 13.57)2 / 13.57 = 0.01 40 x 49 / 115 = 17.04 = (18 17.04)2 / 17.04 = 0.05 Thus; 1st Category = 0.01 + 0.25 + 0.27 2nd Category = 0.41 + 0.21 + 0.78 3rd Category = 0.21 + 0.01 + 0.05 Total X2 Step 5. = 0.53 = 1.40 = 0.27 = 2.20 = 2.20

The computed X2 value of 2.20 is lesser than critical value, we fail to reject the null hypothesis. Since the computed X2 value is lesser than critical value which is 9.49, it means that there is no significant relationship between the extent of implementation of guidance services among three different academic groups.

Step 6.

Biostatistics Final Exam