ARCL1006: Introduction to Archaeological Field Methods and Techniques 20112012

CORRECTED VERSION
Year 1 core course, 1 unit

Kris Lockyear (k.lockyear@ucl.ac.uk, Room 204c, Tel: 020 7679 4568) This document is available via Moodle as a PDF le.

Contents
1 The 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Course Overview . . . . . . . . Week-by-week summary Basic texts . . . . . . . Methods of Assessment Teaching methods . . . Workload . . . . . . . . Prerequisites . . . . . . 3 3 4 6 6 6 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 10 10 11 11 11 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 19 25 25 26 26 26

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2 Aims, Objectives and Assessment 2.1 Aims of the course . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Objectives of the course . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3 Learning outcomes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4 Assessments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.1 Summary of Deadlines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.2 Assignment 1: Experimental archaeology . . . . . . . 2.4.3 Assignment 2: Stratigraphy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.4 Assignment 3: Essay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.5 Assignment 4: spreadsheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.6 Assignment 5: Environmental assessment . . . . . . . 2.4.7 Assignment 6: Essay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.8 Assignment 7: Field training course . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.9 Word length . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.10 Submission Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.11 UCL-wide penalties for late submission of coursework 2.4.12 Keeping Copies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.13 Citing of Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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3 Schedule and Syllabus 3.1 Teaching schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 Tutorial and practical groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 Lecture schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 Autumn Term: lectures 110 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5 Spring Term: lectures 1120 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6 Summer term: lecture 21 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7 Practicals and tutorials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7.1 Practical 1: The Experimental Archaeology Course . . . 3.7.2 Practical 2: Interpreting Aerial Photographs . . . . . . 3.7.3 Practical 3: Interpreting Geophysical Survey Plot-Outs 1

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3.7.4 3.7.5 3.7.6 3.7.7 3.7.8 3.7.9 3.7.10 3.7.11

Practical Practical Practical Practical Practical Practical Practical Practical

4: Interpreting stratigraphy . . . . . . . . . . . 5: map reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6: Using Computers in Pre-Excavation Planning 7: Environmental archaeology . . . . . . . . . . 8: Animal bones . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9: Plant remains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10: The Field Training Course . . . . . . . . . . 11: Archive Archaeology . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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26 26 26 27 27 27 27 27 28 28 28 28 28 29 29 29

4 Additional Information 4.1 Online Resources . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2 Libraries and other resources . . . . 4.3 Attendance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 Intercollegiate and Interdepartmental 4.5 Dyslexia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 Feedback . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 Health and safety . . . . . . . . . . .

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Chapter 1

The Course
1.1 Overview

An introduction to archaeological eld methods and techniques based on lectures, small group practical classes and eldwork. The majority of the teaching will take place in the rst two terms, with a four-day experimental archaeology eld-course taking place at the end of the rst week of the rst term. During May / June there will be a two-week eld training course and a one-week archive archaeology course. The elements covered by the course will include: survey techniques including aerial survey, geophysics and eld walking; excavation strategies and recording including planning and photography; conservation; sampling strategies for environmental and dating evidence; post-excavation, publication and archiving. The development of basic computing skills, the use of reference collections, and the analysis of raw data, will all be an integral part of the course.

1.2

Week-by-week summary

Lectures Autumn Term 27/09 The Experimental Archaeology course (BS) 29/09 Creating experiments: on-site lecture (BS) 1 7/10 Introduction to the course, archaeological eld methodology (KL) 2 14/10 Aerial Archaeology (KL) 3 21/10 Surface survey (KL) 4 28/10 Geophysical survey (KL) 5 4/11 Integrating spatial data: archaeology and GIS (ML) 11/11 Reading Week 6 18/11 Excavation (NG) 7 25/11 Recording stratigraphy: the Harris Matrix (NG) 8 2/12 Excavating deeply stratied urban sites (TW) 9 9/12 Excavating under the sea (JF) 10 16/12 Recording: drawing and photography (KL) Spring Term 11 10/01 12 17/01 13 24/01 14 31/02 15 07/02 14/02 16 21/02 17 28/03 18. 06/03 19. 13/03 20. 20/03 Using Computers (JO) Recording: surveying techniques (KL) What is conservation for? (JH) Environmental methods (AR) Targeting environmental sampling (AR) Reading Week Sampling for animal remains (LM) Sampling for plant remains (DF) Choosing samples for dating (MR) Post-excavation (TW) Publication (SDH)

Summer Term 21. TBA West Dean and the eld course

Table 1.1: Lectures: Term 1: Fridays 1112am, Term 2: Tuesdays 11-12 (Jevons Lecture Theatre, basement of Drayton Building, 30 Gordon Street, corner of Euston Road). Sta: AR: Arlene Rosen; MR: Mark Roberts; SDH: Sue Hamilton; ML: Mark Lake; KL: Kris Lockyear; JO: Jose Oliver; JH: James Hales; BS: Bill Sillar; JF: Joe Flatman; TW: Tim Williams; NG: Nick Garland; LM: Louise Martin; DF: Dorian Fuller.

Practicals Autumn Term 1. EA eld course 2. Aerial photo practical (KL) 3. GS printout practical (KL) 10/11 4. Stratigraphy/Harris Matrices (KL) Map reading (NG) Spring Term 5. Computing practicals (JO) 6 Environmental worksheet (AR) 16/02 7. Animal remains (LM) 8. Plant remains (DF) Summer Term 9. Small group eld teaching centred on excavation techniques

Dates and practical groups 29/0902/10 No xed groups 20/10 (G5G8); 27/10 (G1G4) 3/11 (G5G8); 17/11 (G1G4) Reading Week 24/11 (G5G8); 1/12 (G1G4) 08/12 (G5G8); 15/12 (G1G4) 12/01; 19/01; 26/01. (all groups) 02/02 (G1G4); 09/02 (G58) Reading Week 23/02 (G1G4); 01/03 (G5G8) 08/03 (G1G4); 15/03 (G5G8) Two weeks in May/June

Table 1.2: Practicals: Thursdays see the the above timetable and the First Year Noticeboard for further details. Sta: KL: Kris Lockyear; NG: Nick Garladnd; AR: Arlene Rosen; DF: Dorian Fuller; LM: Louise Martin.

1.3

Basic texts

The principal text is Renfrew and Bahn (2008) and multiple copies are available in the library. Many of the techniques were used in the Bullock Down report (Drewett 1982) which will be referred to frequently during the course. There are various other texts on archaeological eld methods including Drewetts textbook (1999) and that by McIntosh (1986). Drewett, P. 1982. The Archaeology of Bullock Down, Eastbourne, East Sussex. The development of a landscape. Lewes: Sussex Archaeological Society. Issue desk: inst arch dre; main collections: inst arch daa 410 s.10 dre. Drewett, P. 1999. Field Archaeology: an introduction. London: UCL Press, chapter 1. inst arch al 10 dre; issue desk ioa dre 2. McIntosh, J. 1986. The practical archaeologist : how we know what we know about the past. New York. inst arch ah mci. Renfrew, C. and Bahn, P., 2008. Archaeology, Theories, Methods, and Practice, London, fth edition, chapter 1. Thames and Hudson. issue desk inst arch ah ren; inst arch ah ren.

1.4

Methods of Assessment

This course will be examined by means of seven assignments (A1A7): 1. A3 and A6, two essays, each of 1500 words (20% each) 2. ve practical assignments: A1: a 1000 word experiment assessment (10%) A2: a stratigraphy assignment (10%) A4: a 500 word analysis of pre-excavation strategies using computer spreadsheets (10%) A5: completion of a site assessment work sheet (10%) A7: assessment of the Field Training Course (20%) Details of the assignments are given in section 2.4. If students are unclear about the nature of an assignment, they should discuss this with the Course Co-ordinator. The Course Co-ordinator is willing to discuss an outline of the students approach to the assignment, provided this is planned suitably in advance of the submission date. Please note that you must complete all seven assignments to complete the course.

1.5

Teaching methods

The course is taught via twenty lectures, eight practicals and two eld-courses. The two residential eld-courses include the experimental archaeology course at the start of the year which lasts four days, and the eld training excavation at the end of your rst year which lasts two weeks. You will have lectures every Tuesday (term 2) or Friday (term 1), and practicals on Thursdays. Attendance at all elements of the course is compulsory. The lectures are designed to introduce you to the topics and provide necessary theoretical background to the techniques. The practicals are designed to allow you to see the methods

in practice and get some hands-on experience. The eld-course is designed to teach you further practical skills and to see how elements introduced in the lectures work on a real excavation.

1.6

Workload

There will be 20 hours of lectures and 11 hours of practical/seminar/laboratory sessions for this course. Students will be expected to undertake around 90 hours of reading for the course, plus 90 hours preparing for and producing the assessed work, and 89 hours for eldwork. This adds up to a total workload of approximately 300 hours for the course.

1.7

Prerequisites

There are no prerequisites for this course.

Chapter 2

Aims, Objectives and Assessment

2.1 Aims of the course

The aim of this course is to provide you with a broad understanding of archaeological eld techniques and methods, their aims and limitations, and to provide you with some practical experience.

2.2

Objectives of the course

This course is designed to give students: 1. An overview of the methodological issues surrounding archaeological eldwork. 2. Practical experience of excavation, and other practical skills and tasks. 3. An understanding of survey techniques including desk-top, aerial, geophysical walkover and collection. 4. An understanding of environmental aims and methods. 5. An understanding of the process of designing a project from initial survey to nal publication.

2.3

Learning outcomes

1. Improve upon your group working skills. 2. Expand and improve basic computing skills. 3. Experience of academic research, writing and referencing.

2.4
2.4.1

Assessments
Summary of Deadlines

The deadlines for the assignments is as follows: A1: 7/10/2011

A2: 11/1/2012 A3: 2/2/2012 A4: 10/2/2012 A5: 5/3/2012 A6: 27/4/2012 A7: during and on the last day of your course

2.4.2

Assignment 1: Experimental archaeology

You will each be given a Field Notebook in which you are asked to keep a detailed account of one experiment which you were involved with during the Experimental Archaeology Course. Please see the separate hand-out with the details of this assignment. It would be helpful if your description of the experiment included drawings and photographs, and your write up should be c. 1000 words long. Submission deadline: 7/10/2011.

2.4.3

Assignment 2: Stratigraphy

You will need to complete and hand-in the stratigraphy worksheet that you were working on in Practical 3. You should complete the matrix and answer all the questions on the sheet provided. Submission dealine: 11/1/2012

2.4.4

Assignment 3: Essay

Write a 1500 word essay on one of the following: A3 (a) You are designing a survey project to look at the development of a landscape from the Neolithic to the early middle ages EITHER on an area of chalk downland in southern England OR in semi-arid, scrub covered landscape in the Mediterranean OR in an agricultural, alluvial and loess landscape in Romania. Discuss the design of your survey. What might it include? How might it be integrated? What might be the problems? Submission deadline: 2/2/2012 A3 (b) What issues would you have to consider when planning an excavation of a deeply stratied urban site. How would these dier from excavating a shallow rural site on chalk? Submission deadline: 2/2/2012

2.4.5

Assignment 4: spreadsheets

The assignment directly relates to the tasks performed in your computing practicals (Practical Element 5 see section 3.7.6, page 26). You should submit two pieces of work: 1. your completed Excel Workbook, gaz[your initials].xls for Practical Element 5; 2. all your comments on the tasks, which should not total more than one side of A4 paper.

These will be given equal weight in the assessment. You will be assessed on accuracy, your grasp of the computing principles involved, and the strength of your archaeological arguments. You may submit these on paper or as email attachments to tcfa306@ucl.ac.uk. If the latter, please submit a green form in the usual manner to J. Medrington in Room 411A and write work submitted by email and keep a copy at least until receipt has been conrmed. (Jose Oliver). Submission deadline: 10/2/2012.

2.4.6

Assignment 5: Environmental assessment

Complete the worksheet given out during practical 6. You will be provided with a series of sketches of a segment of landscape with a large complex settlement site located within it. Attached to this is a series of questions which you are asked to answer. I will mark only that which is written in the spaces on the work sheet, so do not continue onto extra sheets! (Arlene Rosen). Submission deadline: 5/3/2012.

2.4.7

Assignment 6: Essay

Choose one of the following: 1. Choose two publications relating to a similar/comparable type of excavation or eld project (e.g., the excavation publications of two Neolithic burial mounds, or two Roman villas, or two landscape surveys) and write a 1500 word essay which discusses the various ways in which each report uses text, imagery, format/layout, and specialist reports to present the information, and the eectiveness of this for each report. Choose two publications which are available in the Institute of Archaeology library. Write up your analysis in such a way that it is understandable to the marker without them necessarily having access to the two publications concerned: to facilitate this you can include in your essay up to a maximum of six A4 pages made up of photocopies from your chosen reports to provide examples of styles of text, layout and imagery which characterise your chosen reports. Please provide a full bibliographic statement of the reports which your analyses are of and also provide their library location codes. (Nick Garland/Kris Lockyear). Assignment deadline: 27/4/2012 2. Write a 1500 word essay on the following: The London Archaeological Archive Research Centre (LAARC) holds site archives from Londons archaeological excavations. This archive provides a powerful archaeological resource, but also creates a costly liability of looking after the stored nds. Discuss what the conservation requirements of a large archaeological archive are, and consider the advantages and disadvantages of conserving this archive of archaeological nds in the long term. (Nick Garland/Kris Lockyear) Assignment deadline: 27/4/2012 3. Excavations on a Romano-British farm on chalk downland in southern England have revealed remains of a large central domestic building, outbuildings of unidentied purpose, a large enclosure ditch, ditched eld boundaries and lynchets, rubbish pits and water holes. Create an environmental sampling strategy to include: research 10

questions, type of sample, location of samples, biological and geological categories of material. Do not forget to include an assessment of taphonomy, residuality and how the site will be dated. Assignment deadline: 27/4/2012

2.4.8

Assignment 7: Field training course

During the eld training course you will be required to keep a detailed Field Notebook. In this you should: 1. keep notes on the lectures and demonstrations; 2. record the tasks you have undertaken in each session and reect on them; 3. include any work-sheets, results from tasks etc. Obviously, the work for the course will be hand-written. You should aim to keep a notebook which will form a useful source of reference in the future, and also be a portfolio of your work. You should reect on the methods you are being taught, how useful they are, how applicable to the situation at hand, and how applicable to other situations. The details of the assessment will be given at the start of the course. Submission deadline: during and on the last day of your course. If you are unclear about an assignment please discuss this with the relevant course coordinator or the member of sta setting the assignment in advance. Assignments 2, 4 and 5 will be explained in the relevant practical classes so it is essential that you attend them.

2.4.9

Word length

Strict new regulations with regard to word-length were introduced UCL-wide with eect from the 201011 session. If your work is found to be between 10% and 20% longer than the ocial limit you mark will be reduced by 10%, subject to a minimum mark of a minimum pass, assuming that the work merited a pass. If your work is more than 20% over-length, a mark of zero will be recorded. The following should not be included in the word-count: bibliography, appendices, and tables, graphs and illustrations and their captions.

2.4.10

Submission Procedures

Students are required to submit hard copy of all coursework to Judy Medringtons oce (Room 411A) by the appropriate deadline. The coursework must be stapled to a completed coversheet (available from the web, from outside Room 411A or from the library). Late submission will be penalised unless permission has been granted and an Extension Request Form (ERF) completed. Please note that new, stringent penalties for late submission were introduced UCL-wide from 201011. Late submission will be penalised in accordance with these regulations unless permission has been granted and an Extension Request Form (ERF) completed. Date-stamping will be via Turnitin (see below), so in addition to submitting hard copy, students must also submit their work to Turnitin by the midnight on the day of the deadline. Students who encounter technical problems submitting their work to Turnitin should email the nature of the problem to ioa-turnitin@ucl.ac.uk in advance of the deadline in order that the Turnitin Advisers can notify the Course Co-ordinator that it may be appropriate to waive the late submission penalty. 11

If there is any other unexpected crisis on the submission day, students should telephone or (preferably) e-mail the Course Co-ordinator, and follow this up with a completed ERF Please see the Coursework Guidelines on the IoA website (or your Degree Handbook) for further details of penalties. http://www.ucl.ac.uk/archaeology/administration/ students/handbook/submission The Turnitin Class ID is 297930 and the Class Enrolment Password is IoA1112 Further information is given on the IoA website. http://www.ucl.ac.uk/archaeology/ administration/students/handbook/turnitin Turnitin advisers will be available to help you via email: ioa-turnitin@ucl.ac.uk if needed.

2.4.11

UCL-wide penalties for late submission of coursework

The full allocated mark should be reduced by 5 percentage points for the rst working day after the deadline for the submission of the coursework or dissertation. The mark will be reduced by a further 10 percentage points if the coursework or dissertation is submitted during the following six calendar days. Providing the coursework is submitted before the end of the rst week of term 3 for undergraduate courses or by a date during term 3 dened in advance by the relevant Masters Board of Examiners for postgraduate taught programmes, but had not been submitted within seven days of the deadline for the submission of the coursework, it will be recorded as zero but the assessment would be considered to be complete. Where there are extenuating circumstances that have been recognised by the Board of Examiners or its representative, these penalties will not apply until the agreed extension period has been exceeded.

2.4.12

Keeping Copies

Please note that it is an Institute requirement that you retain a copy (this can be electronic) of all coursework submitted. When your marked essay is returned to you, you should return it to the marker within two weeks.

2.4.13

Citing of Sources

Coursework should be expressed in a students own words giving the exact source of any ideas, information, diagrams etc. that are taken from the work of others. Any direct quotations from the work of others must be indicated as such by being placed between inverted commas. Plagiarism is regarded as a very serious irregularity which can carry very heavy penalties. It is your responsibility to read and abide by the requirements for presentation, referencing and avoidance of plagiarism to be found in the IoA Coursework Guidelines at: http://www.ucl.ac.uk/archaeology/administration/students/handbook.

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Chapter 3

Schedule and Syllabus

3.1 Teaching schedule

Lectures for the main course are held every Friday in Term 1, and every Tuesday in Term 2, 1112am. The lectures will be held in the Jevons Lecture Theatre, basement of Drayton Building, 30 Gordon Street, corner of Euston Road. Practical classes are held in Room 412 apart from the computing classes which will be held in the 5th oor cluster room.

3.2

Tutorial and practical groups

Students will be divided into eight groups for practicals and laboratory work (G1G8). There are no xed groupings for the Experimental Archaeology practicals and students will be able to choose the activities which they wish to participate in on arrival at the Experimental Archaeology Field Course. Students will be divided into groups for the Summer Term eld training course. Please see the First Year notice-board for the exact times of all ARCL 1006 practicals which usually take place in room 412. Computing practicals will be in the fth oor cluster room. Practicals will take place at least once a fortnight. Please check your timetable (see Table 3.7) very carefully!

3.3

Lecture schedule

The following is an outline for the course as a whole, and identies essential and supplementary readings relevant to each session. Information is provided as to where in the UCL library system individual readings are available; their location and Teaching Collection (TC) number, and status (whether out on loan) can also be accessed on the eUCLid computer catalogue system. Readings marked with an are considered essential to keep up with the topics covered in the course. Copies of individual articles and chapters identied as essential reading are in the Teaching Collection in the Institute Library (where permitted by copyright) or provided via the on-line reading lists. You should check the on-line reading list rst beforehand: http://ls-tlss.ucl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/displaylist?module=07ARCL1006.

3.4

Autumn Term: lectures 110

Introduction (Kris Lockyear)

An introduction to the course, its aims, and its organisation. 13

Introducing the Experimental Archaeology Course (Bill Sillar)

These lectures will prepare you for, and introduce you to, the Experimental Archaeology course. Broadly speaking experimental archaeology is the use of modern experiments, of many varying methods, to help us explain and understand processes, the use of materials, the function and nature of structures, the nature of subsistence, and many more aspects of the lives of people who have lived in the past.

Lecture 1. Who, where, why, what and when (Kris Lockyear)

This lecture will rst outline the structure of the course, its aims and methods. It will then briey outline the development of eld methods, principally in the UK and then go on to examine the structure of modern eld practice in Britain. Reading Andrews, G., 1991. Management of Archaeological Projects (MAP 2). London: English Heritage. inst arch daa 100 ens. Available through the on-line reading list. Barker, P. A., 1993. Techniques of Archaeological Excavation, chapter 2. London, Batsford, 3rd edition. issue desk inst arch al bar; inst arch al bar. Available through the on-line reading list. Bowden, M. 1991. Pitt Rivers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Especially chapter 7). inst arch ag 10 pit Drewett, P. 1999. Field Archaeology: an introduction. London: UCL Press, chapter 1. inst arch al 10 dre; issue desk ioa dre 2. Hope-Taylor, B. 1977. Yeavering. An Anglo-British centre of early Northumbria. London: HMSO. inst arch daa 410 n.7 hop (An example of an early large scale area excavation.) Kenyon, K. M. 1952. Beginning in Archaeology. London: Phoenix House. Renfrew, C. and Bahn, P., 2008. Archaeology, Theories, Methods, and Practice, London, fth edition, chapter 1. Thames and Hudson. issue desk inst arch ah ren; inst arch ah ren. Woolley, Sir L. 1953. Spadework. Adventures in Archaeology. London: Lutterworth Press. Wheeler, R. E. M. 1954. Archaeology from the Earth. Oxford University Press, Oxford. (Especially chapter 2). inst arch al whe.

Lecture 2: Aerial Photography (Kris Lockyear)

Aerial Photography is a survey technique which has made a major contribution with regard to the discovery and recording of archaeological sites and features. The various types of photographs and evidence will be reviewed. Reading Drewett, P. 1982. The Archaeology of Bullock Down, Eastbourne, East Sussex. The development of a landscape. Lewes: Sussex Archaeological Society, page 3. Issue desk: inst arch dre; main collections: inst arch daa 410 s.10 dre. Renfrew, C. and Bahn, P., 2008. Archaeology, Theories, Methods, and Practice, Lon-

14

don, fth edition, pp. 7991. Thames and Hudson. issue desk inst arch ah ren; inst arch ah ren. Riley, D. N., 1987. Air Photography and Archaeology, London, Duckworth. inst arch al 21 qto ril. Riley, D. N., 1996. Aerial Archaeology in Britain, Princes Risborough, Shire. issue desk inst arch al 21 ril. Wilson, D. R. 1975. Aerial reconnaissance for archaeology. London: Council for British Archaeology, Research Report 12. inst arch daa qto series cou 12. Available through the on-line reading list. Wilson, D. R., 1982. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists, London, Batsford. issue desk inst arch wil 12; inst arch al 21 wil. See also third edition 2000, Tempus Publishing, inst arch al 21 wil.

Lecture 3: Preliminary surveys: desk-top, walk-over and artefact collection (Kris Lockyear)
Walk over surveys and the surface collection of artefacts are simple methods for locating variations in the character of the ground surface, especially the distribution and density of artefacts lying upon it. The various systematic methods of survey, including collection will be outlined, and ways of displaying the results will be discussed. The importance of understanding thorough desk-top studies (e.g., SMR and historical sources) prior to eldwork, will be outlined and discussed. Reading Brown, A., 1987. Fieldwork for Archaeologists and Local Historians, London, Batsford. (Chapter 2). inst arch al bro; teaching collection: inst arch 2574. Available through the on-line reading list. Drewett, P. 1982. The Archaeology of Bullock Down, Eastbourne, East Sussex. The development of a landscape. Lewes: Sussex Archaeological Society, pages 4549, 118, 125, 208217. Issue desk: inst arch dre; main collections: inst arch daa 410 s.10 dre. Drewett, P. 1999. Field Archaeology: an introduction. London: UCL Press, chapter 3. inst arch al 10 dre; issue desk ioa dre 2. Fasham, P. J., Schadla-Hall, R. T., Shennan, S. J. and Bates, P. J. 1980. Fieldwalking for Archaeologists, Hampshire Field Club and Archaeological Society. inst arch al 14 fas. Haselgrove, C., Millet, M. and Smith, I., 1985. Archaeology from the Ploughsoil, Studies in the Collection and Interpretation of Field Survey Data. Sheeld: University of Sheeld. inst arch al 10 has. Hayfield, C. (ed.), 1980. Fieldwalking as a Method of Archaeological Research, Directorate of Ancient Monuments and Historic Buildings, Department of the Environment, Occasional Paper No. 2. inst arch al qto series dir 2. Liddle, P., 1985. Community archaeology: a eldworkers handbook of organization and techniques, Leicestershire Museums, Art Galleries and Records Service. inst arch al 10 lid. Shennan, S. J., 1985. Experiments in the collection and analysis for archaeological survey data: the East Hampshire survey, Sheeld. inst arch al 12 qto she.

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Lecture 4: Geophysical Survey (Kris Lockyear)

Geophysical Survey techniques have been increasingly important in the detection of buried archaeological remains. The main methods (soil resistivity; magnetic susceptibility; magnetometery; radar; sonar and metal detectors) will be discussed. Reading Clark, A., 1996. Seeing Beneath the Soil, Prospecting Methods in Archaeology, 2nd edition. London, Batsford. issue desk inst arch al 13 cla. Quite technical but still useful. Drewett, P. 1982. The Archaeology of Bullock Down, Eastbourne, East Sussex. The development of a landscape. Lewes: Sussex Archaeological Society, page 99. Issue desk: inst arch dre; main collections: inst arch daa 410 s.10 dre. David, A., 1995. Geophysical Survey in Archaeological Field Evaluation. London: English Heritage. inst arch al 12 qto dav Available through the on-line reading list. Gaffney, C., and J. Gator 2003. Revealing the Buried Past. Geophysics for Archaeologists. Stroud: Tempus. inst arch al 12 gaf. The best introduction to modern archaeological geophysics. Gaffney, C., J. Gator and S. Ovenden 2002. The use of Geophysical Techniques in Archaeological Field Evaluations. IFA Paper No. 6. Reading, Institute of Field Archaeologists. NB. Quite a thin pamphlet. Johnson, J. K. (ed) 2006. Remote sensing in archaeology: an explicitly North American perspective. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press. inst arch al 13 joh. Excellent and very useful book, and not just for North America! Renfrew, C. and Bahn, P., 2008. Archaeology, Theories, Methods, and Practice, London, fth edition, pp. 99106. Thames and Hudson. issue desk inst arch ah ren; inst arch ah ren. If you would like to follow up this topic have a look at the journal Archaeological Prospection. Available online from volume 54, number 1.

Lecture 5: Field Survey and Geographical Information Systems (GIS): (Mark Lake)
All modern archaeology depends on the adoption of a regional approach to the study of the past since focusing on individual sites does not provide us with an adequate picture of past ways of life and how they were organised. The only way to obtain information about the archaeology of whole regions is by means of surface survey. This involves the use of a variety of techniques, including aerial photography and other types of remote sensing, and surface survey, as well as the collation of existing information. Putting all this information together to build up a picture of the archaeology of a region is a complex business but it has recently been made easier by the adoption of Geographical Information Systems, computing programs for the storage and manipulation of information about spatial distributions. Reading Binford, L. R., 1983. In Pursuit of the Past. London: Thames and Hudson. Chapter 6. issue desk inst arch ah bin; issue desk anthropology c5 bin; anthropology c5 bin. Available through the on-line reading list. 16

Butzer, K. W., 1982. Archaeology as Human Ecology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Chapters 1214. issue desk inst arch ah but; anthropology c but; geography h 58 but. Conolly, James and Mark Lake 2006. Geographical Information Systems in Archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. issue desk ioa con 10, inst arch ah con, Chapters 3 and 4. Flannery, K. V., (ed). The Early Mesoamerican Village. New York: Academic Press. Chapters 1214. issue desk inst arch df 100 fla; anthropology tk 95 fla; geography wn 63 fla. Renfrew, C. and Bahn, P., 2008. Archaeology, Theories, Methods, and Practice, London, fth edition, pp. 915. Thames and Hudson. issue desk inst arch ah ren; inst arch ah ren.

Lecture 6: Excavation (Nick Garland)

How do you decide how much to dig? Where to dig? How to dig? and why. Reading Andrews, G., 1991. Management of Archaeological Projects (MAP 2). London: English Heritage. inst arch daa 100 ens. Available through the on-line reading list. Baker, D., 1993. Model Briefs and Specications for Archaeological Assessments and Field Evaluations, Association of County Archaeological Ocers. inst arch al 10 ass. Barker, P. A., 1993. Techniques of Archaeological Excavation. London, Batsford, 3rd edition. issue desk inst arch al bar; inst arch al bar. Collis, J. 2001. Digging up the Past. Stroud: Sutton. Chapter 2. issue desk ioa col 8; inst arch al 11 col. Available through the on-line reading list. Drewett, P. 1999. Field Archaeology: An Introduction. London: UCL Press. Chapters 5 and 6. inst arch al 10 dre; issue desk ioa dre 2. Greene, K., 1995. Archaeology, An Introduction. London: Batsford. chapter 3. inst arch al gre. Available through the on-line reading list. Roskams, S. 2001. Excavation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Westman, A., (ed.) 1994. Archaeological Site Manual. London: Museum of London. issue desk inst arch al wes; inst arch al wes. Available through the on-line reading list.

Lecture 7: Recording: stratigraphy and the Harris Matrix (Nick Garland)

This lecture will consider the methods for the recording, analysis, interpretation and publication of archaeological stratigraphy, principally the Harris Matrix. Reading Barham, A. J. and Macphail, R. I. (eds) 1995. Archaeological Sediments and Soils: Analysis, Interpretation and Management. London: Institute of Archaeology. inst arch ba 23 bar; inst arch issue desk ba 23 bar. Courty, M. A., Goldberg, P. and Macphail R. I., 1989. Soils and Micromorphology in Archaeology. Manuals in Archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. issue desk inst arch cou. Drewett, P. 1982. The Archaeology of Bullock Down, Eastbourne, East Sussex. The 17

development of a landscape. Lewes: Sussex Archaeological Society, various pages but look at pages 912 and the Roman farmstead excavation, pages 97142. Issue desk: inst arch dre; main collections: inst arch daa 410 s.10 dre. Available through the on-line reading list. Harris, E. C. 1975. The stratigraphic sequence: a question of time, World Archaeology 7: 109121. inst arch pers. Available through the on-line reading list. Harris, E. C. 1977. Units of archaeological stratication, Norwegian Archaeological Review 10: 8494. inst arch pers Harris, E. C. 1989. Principles of Archaeological Stratigraphy, second edition. Academic Press, London. (See especially chapters 7, 8, 9 and 11, although this is quite a short book and fundamental). inst arch al har (028). Now available as a PDF le if you send Ed Harris a nice email. . . Harris, E. C., M. R. Brown and G. J. Brown (eds) 1993. Practices of Archaeological Stratigraphy, Academic Press, London. inst arch al har. Renfrew, C. and Bahn, P. 2008. Archaeology, Theories, Methods and Practice. 5th edition. London: Thames and Hudson. Pages 107117. inst arch ah ren. Roskams, S. (ed.) 2000. Interpreting Stratigraphy: site evaluation, recording procedures and stratigraphic analysis: papers presented to the Interpreting Stratigraphy conferences 19931997. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports International Series 910. inst arch al 10 qto ros. Westman, A. (ed.) 1994. Archaeological Site Manual. Museum of London, London. inst arch al wes (one copy at issue desk). Wheeler, R. E. M. 1954. Archaeology from the Earth. Oxford University Press, Oxford. (Especially chapter 4). inst arch al whe.

Lecture 8: Excavating deeply stratied urban sites (Tim Williams)

This lecture examines some of the strengths and problems in excavating deeply stratied urban sites from health and safety to recording and publication. Reading None of the text books deal specically with this topic so you will have to look through and see what seems relevant. Take a look at the report of a deeply stratied site: the volume edited by Milne is a good example but there are plenty of others. Collis, J. 2001. Digging up the Past. Stroud: Sutton. issue desk ioa col 8; inst arch al 11 col. Drewett, P. 1999. Field Archaeology: An Introduction. London: UCL Press. inst arch al 10 dre; issue desk ioa dre 2. Milne, G., (ed.) 1992. From Roman basilica to medieval market: archaeology in action in the city of London. London: HMSO. inst arch daa 416 mil; issue desk ioa mil 10. Roskams, S. 2001. Excavation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. issue desk ioa ros 1; inst arch al 11 ros. Westman, A., (ed.) 1994. Archaeological Site Manual. London: Museum of London. issue desk inst arch al wes; inst arch al wes. Available through the on-line reading list.

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Lecture 9: Digging up the Sea: Maritime techniques (Joe Flatman)

The lecture introduces the particular methodologies of maritime archaeology. Reading Allen, M. and Gardiner, J. 2001. Our changing coasts: a survey of the intertidal archaeology of Langstone Harbour, Hampshire. York: Council for British Archaeology. inst arch daa qto series cou 124. Bass, G. F. 1966. Archaeology Under Water. London: Thames and Hudson. inst arch an bas; yates a 9 bas. Delgado, J. P. (ed.) 1997. Encyclopaedia of underwater and maritime archaeology. London: British Museum Press. inst arch an del. Flemming, N. C. 2004. Submarine Prehistoric Archaeology of the North Sea. London: CBA. inst arch daa qto series cou 141 McErlean, T., McConkey, R. and Forsythe, W. (eds.) 2002. Strangford Lough: an Archaeological Survey of the Maritime Cultural Landscape. Belfast: Blacksta. inst arch daa 710 mce. Muckelroy, K. 1978. Maritime Archaeology, Chapters 12. Cambridge: CUP. inst arch an muc including one at the issue desk. Muckelroy, K. (ed.) 1980 Archaeology Under Water: an Atlas of the Worlds Submerged Sites. New York: McGraw-Hill. inst arch an muc.

Lecture 10: Recording: drawing and photography (Kris Lockyear)

This lecture will looks at aims and methods for the graphical recording, representation and publication of archaeological remains. Reading Barker, P., 1993. Techniques of Archaeological Excavation.(3rd edn). London: Batsford. issue desk inst arch al bar; inst arch al bar. Dorrell, Peter G. 1994. Photography in Archaeology and Conservation. Second edition. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. inst arch al 20 dor. Drewett, P. 1999. Field Archaeology: An Introduction. London: UCL Press. Chapter 7. inst arch al 10 dre; issue desk ioa dre 2. Available through the on-line reading list. Hawker, J. M. 1999. Manual of Archaeological Drawing. inst arch al 30 qto haw. Roskams, S. 2001. Excavation. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Chapters 7 (photography) and 8 (drawing). inst arch al 11 ros; issue desk ioa ros 1.

3.5

Spring Term: lectures 1120

Lecture 11: Using Computers (Jose Oliver)

This section of the course consists of one brieng session and three practical computing sessions. The facilities available at the Institute and elsewhere in College will be described in the lecture, together with an introduction to how computers can be used to solve simple problems involving archaeological data relating to pre-excavation planning.

19

Reading Beck, A, Maynard, M. and Rodger, R., 1997. A Students Guide to Excel 97. Leicester: Software Made Simple. Copies will be available in the practical sessions but you are advised to purchase a copy if possible. inst arch cluster exc: bec. Three hand-outs will be provided: one general one about the element, and two on specic topics not covered in the Students Guide. Make sure you obtain a complete set. Background Reading Drewett, P. 1982. The Archaeology of Bullock Down, Eastbourne, East Sussex. The development of a landscape. Lewes: Sussex Archaeological Society, pp. 459. Issue desk: inst arch dre; main collections: inst arch daa 410 s.10 dre.

Lecture 12: Surveying techniques (Kris Lockyear)

This lecture will look at dierent methods for surveying in archaeology giving a quick overview from basic techniques to modern methods utilising Total Stations and Global Position Satellites. Reading Bettess, F. 1998. Surveying for Archaeologists Durham: University of Durham. See chapter 10 especially. teaching collection: inst arch 2518; inst arch al 12 bet. Available through the on-line reading list. Hogg, A. 1980. Surveying for Archaeologists and other Fieldworkers. London: Croom Helm. inst arch al 12 hog; engineering d10 hog. Leach, P. 1994. The Surveying of Archaeological Sites. London: Archetype. inst arch al 12 lea.

Lecture 13: What is Conservation For? (James Hales)

In this session we will discuss what we mean by Conservation and more specically Conservation on Site, how it applies to archaeology within the UK and in the wider world. The ramications of both having and not having access to on-site conservation will be discussed with particular reference to successful retrieval of material. project research goals, team dynamics, nances, timescales and logistics. Reading Roy, A. and P. Smith (eds) 1996. Archaeological Conservation and Its Consequences. Preprints of the Contributions to the Copenhagen Conference 1996 volume IIC. London: International Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works. inst arch la qto roy Payton, R. (ed.) 1992. Retrieval of Objects from Archaeological Sites. London: Archetype Publications. issue desk ioa pay Robinson, W. S. 1998. First aid for underwater nds. London: Archetype for the Nautical Archaeology Society, Portsmouth. inst arch la rob Sease, C. 1992. Conservation Manual for the eld Archaeologist, Archaeological Research tools, Volume 4. Los Angeles: Institute of Archaeology, University of California. inst arch la sea 20

Sease, C. 1999. The Role of the Conservator on an Archaeological Excavation, Field Notes: Practical Guides For Archaeological Conservation and Site Preservation Number 1. Japanese Institute of Anatolian Archaeology. inst arch fie Stanley Price, N. P. (ed.) 1995. Conservation on archaeological excavations with particular reference to the Mediterranean area. 2nd ed. Rome: ICCROM. inst arch la pri Watkinson D. and V. Neal, 1998. First Aid for Finds (3rd edn) Hertford: RESCUE The British Archaeological Trust; Archaeology Section of the UKIC; The Museum of London. inst arch la qto wat

Lecture 14: Environmental Methods (Arlene Rosen)

Why should we assess (aims and objectives)? What factors aect assessment (preservation, suitability of contexts, dating and other chronological factors, etc.)? Practical approaches and problems. Assess, assess and assess again; the continuing role of the environmental archaeologist in eld projects. Reading Bell, M. 1992 The coordination of environmental and archaeological projects, in N. Balaam and J. Rackham (eds) Issues in Environmental Archaeology, pp. 2133. London: Institute of Archaeology. inst arch bb6 bal; paper by Bell: teaching collection inst arch 88. Available through the on-line reading list. Evans, J. & OConnor, T 1999. Environmental Archaeology. Stroud: Sutton Publishing. Chapters 6, 7 & 8. inst arch bb 6 eva. Murphy, P. L., & Wiltshire, P. E. J. W. 1994. A guide to sampling archaeological deposits for environmental analysis. Unpublished manuscript. inst. arch. teaching collection 1178. Available through the on-line reading list. Renfrew, C., & P. Bahn 2008. Archaeology. Theories, methods and Practice. 5th edition. London: Thames and Hudson. Chapter 2: What is Left: the variety of the evidence. Chapter 6: What was the Environment: environmental archaeology focus on those aspects which deal with preservation of evidence and the range of o-site and on-site contexts which can be studied. inst arch ah ren.

Lecture 15: Targeting Environmental Sampling (Arlene Rosen)

What is a sample? Sampling: just putting things into tubs? How to target sampling to increase eciency, accuracy and to reduce bias. Questions to be asked: what, where, how, when, and why? In what sequence should these questions be posed? What to do and what not to do. How to put things into tubs! Reading Dobney, K., Hall, A., Kenward, H. and Miles, A., 1992. A working classication of samples types for environmental archaeology. Circaea 9 (for 1991): 2426. inst arch pers. Available through the on-line reading list. Evans, J. and OConnor, T 1999. Environmental Archaeology. Stroud: Sutton Publishing. Chapter 8. inst arch bb 6 eva. Available through the on-line reading list.

21

Holden, T. and Gerber-Parfitt, S., 1992. Environmental sampling, processing and some preliminary results from Bull Wharf. London Archaeologist 6: 427-34. inst arch pers; teaching coll. inst arch 118. Available through the on-line reading list. Murphy, P. L., and Wiltshire, P. E. J. W. 1994. A guide to sampling archaeological deposits for environmental analysis. Unpublished manuscript. inst. arch. teaching collection 1178. Available through the on-line reading list. Westman, A., 1994. Archaeological Site Manual. London: Museum of London. Read the section on Environmental Sampling. inst arch al wes. Available through the on-line reading list.

Lecture 16: Sampling for Animal Remains: Vertebrates and Invertebrates (Louise Martin)
The term animal remains covers a wide range of material, from mammal bones and teeth to sh and bird bones, to mollusc shells and insect and parasite remains. The sampling and recovery of these is inuenced by what might survive in dierent situations, the questions archaeologists might ask of them, and the resources available for their extraction. This lecture considers these factors and discusses the various methods for on-site sampling of animal remains. Reading Drewett, P. 1982. The Archaeology of Bullock Down, Eastbourne, East Sussex. The development of a landscape. Lewes: Sussex Archaeological Society, pp. 2122, 25 26, 3132 & 141. Issue desk: inst arch dre; main collections: inst arch daa 410 s.10 dre. Levitan, B., 1982. The sieving and sampling programme, in Excavations at West Hill, Uley: 1979. Western Archaeological Trust, Occasional Papers No 10. inst. arch. daa 410 g4 lev Murphy, P., and Wiltshire, P., 1994. A guide to sampling archaeological deposits for environmental analysis. Unpublished manuscript. inst. arch. teaching collection 1178. Available through the on-line reading list. Payne, S., 1972. Partial recovery and sample bias: the results of sieving experiments, in Higgs, E. (ed) Papers in Economic Prehistory, 4964. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. inst. arch ha qto hig (3 copies and 1 at issue desk: recommended reading). Available through the on-line reading list. Renfrew, C., and Bahn, P., 2008. Archaeology: Theories, Methods and Practice., 5th edition. London: Thames and Hudson. Chapter 6: What was the environment?; Chapter 7: What did they eat? inst arch ah ren.

Lecture 17: Sampling for Plant Remains (Dorian Fuller)

The particular nature of archaeological questions relating to both palaeoenvironments and palaeoeconomies often determines the method and practice of recovering plant remains. This lecture will concentrate on these methods and how they vary depending on the nature of preservation, type of context, and the archaeological questions that plant remains are used to answer. Have look at Bullock Down (listed below)and consider some of the diculties with interpreting this evidence and why it might be so scarce in these contexts. 22

Reading Drewett, P. 1982. The Archaeology of Bullock Down, Eastbourne, East Sussex. The development of a landscape. Lewes: Sussex Archaeological Society, pp. 1315, 15, 22, 2728. Issue desk: inst arch dre; main collections: inst arch daa 410 s.10 dre. Greig, J., 1989. Archaeobotany Handbooks for Archaeologists. No. 4. Strasbourg: European Science Foundation. inst arch bb 5 gre; issue desk inst arch gre. Holden, T., and Gerber-Parfitt, S., 1992. Environmental sampling and processing, some preliminary results from Bull Wharf, London Archaeologist 6, 427434. inst arch pers; teaching coll. inst arch 118. Available through the on-line reading list. Renfrew, C. and Bahn, P., 2008. Archaeology: Theories, Methods and Practices, 5th edition. London: Thames and Hudson; pp 245253. inst arch ah ren. Supplementary reading: Dimbleby, G. W., 1978. Plants and Archaeology, pp. 89136. London: Paladin Paperback. inst arch bb 5 dim; geography h 58 dim; issue desk arch dim. Available through the on-line reading list. Renfrew, J., 1973. Palaeoethnobotany: The Prehistoric Food Plants of the Near East and Europe. London: Methuen; read chapter 2 (pp. 719): The survival of the evidence and chapter 3 (pp. 2029): Problems of sampling and interpretation. The contents of these two chapters are a bit outdated and supercial, but they nevertheless provide a useful introduction. inst arch bb 5 ren; geography h 75 ren; issue desk inst arch ren and (for chapter 2) teaching coll. inst arch 123. Renfrew, J., Monk, M., and Murphy, P., 1975. First Aid for Seeds. Rescue Publication 6. Out of date but still a useful introduction. teaching coll. inst arch 83.

Lecture 18: Choosing Samples for Dating (Mark Roberts)

Many dierent archaeological materials can be dated, but do they provide the dates that archaeologists need, at a price they can aord? To make sensible decisions about taking samples for dating, we need to know what can go wrong, as well as what can go right. Reading Aitken, M. J., 1990. Science-based Dating in Archaeology. Longman. The standard work of reference on all techniques. inst arch saj 10 ait; inst arch issue desk inst arch ait. Bowman, S., 1990. Radiocarbon Dating, London: British Museum Press. inst arch aj 10 bow; issue desk inst arch bow. Any of the following: Clark, T., 1987. Scientic Dating Techniques. Institute of Field Archaeologists Technical Paper No 5. Contains good reading list. issue desk inst arch cla. Ballie, M. G. L., 1982. Tree-ring Dating and Archaeology. London, Croom Helm. inst arch aj bai and geography h 58 bai; issue desk inst arch ba1.

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Eckstein, D., 1984. Dendrochronological Dating. Handbook for archaeologists No 2. European Science Foundation, Strasbourg. inst arch aj 10 eck; issue desk inst arch eck. Gillespie, R., 1986. Radiocarbon Users Handbook. 2nd ed. Oxford University Committee for Archaeology, Oxford. inst arch aj 10 gil; issue desk inst arch gil. Mook, W. G., and Waterbolk, H. T., 1985. Radiocarbon Dating. Handbook for archaeologists No 3. European Science Foundation, Strasbourg. inst arch aj 10 moo and issue desk inst arch moo. Orton, C. R. 1995. Many a slip? Do scientic dates answer archeological questions? Unpublished lecture notes. issue desk inst arch ort. Available through the on-line reading list. Wagner, G. A., 1983. Thermoluminescence Dating. Handbook for Archaeologists No 1. European Science Foundation, Strasbourg. inst arch aj 10 wag and issue desk inst arch wag.

Lecture 19: Post eldwork planning, analysis and reporting (Tim Williams)
This lecture will outline and discuss the important stages of work which must follow any archaeological eldwork, i.e., the reporting and analysis of what was undertaken and found. Reading Andrews, G. 1991. Management of Archaeological Projects (MAP 2). London: English Heritage. inst arch daa 100 ens Available through the on-line reading list. Boulton, P. 1991. Signposts for Archaeological Publication, third edition. London: Council for British Archaeology. issue desk inst arch cou. Drewett, P. 1982. The Archaeology of Bullock Down, Eastbourne, East Sussex. The development of a landscape. Lewes: Sussex Archaeological Society. Issue desk: inst arch dre; main collections: inst arch daa 410 s.10 dre. This volume is an example of an end product of the post excavation process. Drewett, P. 1999. Field Archaeology: an Introduction. London: UCL Press, chapter 8. inst arch al 10 dre; issue desk ioa dre 2. Grinsell, L., P. Rahtz and D. P. Williams 1974. The Preparation of Archaeological Reports, 2nd edition. London: Barker. issue desk inst arch gri

Lecture 20: Alternative Methods of Multi-Media Presentation and Publication (Sue Hamilton)
The lecture centres around dierent ways of publishing archaeological eldwork. It consider how texts, images and pictures shape our perceptions and expectations of the past. Reading Statements of ocial publication formats: Ancient Monuments Board (DoE) 1975. Principles of Publication in Rescue Archaeology. inst arch al 30 anc; issue desk inst arch anc. Andrews, G. 1991. Management of Archaeological Projects (MAP 2). London: English Heritage. inst arch daa 100 ens Available through the on-line reading list. Boulton, P. 1991. Signposts for Archaeological Publication, third edition. London: Council for British Archaeology. issue desk inst arch cou. 24

Grinsell, L. B., P. Rahtz and D. Price-Williams 1974. The Preparation of Archaeological Reports, 2nd edition. London: Barker. issue desk inst arch gri The current debate on publication styles and the use of imagery: Hamilton, S. 1996. Reassessing Archaeological illustrations: breaking the mould, Graphic Archaeology, 2027. IoA Teaching Collection: inst arch 1402. Hamilton, S. 1999. Lost in translation? A comment on the excavation report, Papers from the Institute of Archaeology 10: 18. inst arch pers. Hodder, I. 1995. Theory and Practice in Archaeology. Routledge: London/New York. Chapter 18. teaching coll inst arch 326; issue desk inst arch ah hod. Hodder, I. 1999. The Archaeological Process. An Introduction. Oxford: Blackwell. inst arch ah hod. Molyneaux, B. L., (ed.) 1997. The Cultural Life of Images. Routledge (Theoretical Archaeology Group): London/New York. issue desk inst arch al mol; inst arch al mol. Shanks, M., 1991. Experiencing The Past. Routledge: London/New York. short loan coll anthropology c9 sha; inst arch ah sha. Tilley, C., 1989. Excavation as Theatre, Antiquity 63, 27580. inst arch pers; inst arch teaching collection 1612. An example of a standard project publication format: Drewett, P. 1982. The Archaeology of Bullock Down, Eastbourne, East Sussex. The development of a landscape. Lewes: Sussex Archaeological Society. Issue desk: inst arch dre; main collections: inst arch daa 410 s.10 dre. Two examples of non-standard project publication formats: Bender, B., Hamilton, S., and Tilley, C., 1997. Leskernick: stone worlds; alternative narratives; nested landscapes. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 63. inst arch pers; science teaching collection 3961. Pitts, M., and Roberts, M., 1997. Fairweather Eden: the Excavation of Boxgrove and the First Europeans. London: Century. inst arch daa 410 s.8 pit. Relevant web sites: http://catal.arch.cam.ac.uk/catal/catal.html http://www.ucl.ac.uk/leskernick

3.6

Summer term: lecture 21

Lecture 21: The Field Training Course

This lecture will discuss the aims and organisation of the Field Training Course and provide some details of the site. Details to be arranged.

3.7

Practicals and tutorials

Please see section 3.2 for general information regarding practicals and tutorials.

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3.7.1

Practical 1: The Experimental Archaeology Course

The Experimental Archaeology Course is an introduction to this very important and exciting area of archaeology and allows you to become involved in experiments and even invent experiments of your own. The course takes place within the rst week of term, Thursday to Sunday. During this course you will take part in activities that involve experimentation with foods, materials, process etc., all of which have been designed to tell us something about the past.

3.7.2

Practical 2: Interpreting Aerial Photographs (Kris Lockyear)

A practical aerial photography session (will ensure that students put into practice some of the methodology concerning the interpretation and recording of archaeological evidence contained in aerial photographs).

3.7.3

Practical 3: Interpreting Geophysical Survey Plot-Outs (Kris Lockyear)

A session on interpreting plot-outs of various geophysical surveys.

3.7.4

Practical 4: Constructing a Harris Matrix (Kris Lockyear)

In this session you will be given the worksheet which forms assignment 2 of the course and will be given detailed guidance on how to complete the task which involves constructing a Harris matrix from a series of plans, sections and context records, and answering some questions on their interpretation.

3.7.5

Practical 6: Map reading: (Nick Garland)

In this practical we will look at how to read modern and old maps with an emphasis on UK Ordnance Survey maps.

3.7.6

Practical 6: Using Computers in Pre-Excavation Planning (Jose Oliver)

An introductory computing exercise will take place on three consecutive Thursdays in the Spring Term (comprising three one-hour practicals in Room 501). Further information will be provided nearer the time. In addition to familiarising students with spreadsheets, this computing exercise will enable students to use Excel to solve simple problems involving archaeological data. By the end of this element you should be able to: create an Excel workbook; import, enter and edit data. Open, print and save worksheets, perform simple calculations and functions (including the use of Function Wizard) sort a table of data with reference to a chosen heading summarise data by using the histogram function, create a simple chart (using Chart Wizard),

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 create and analyse a simple two-way pivot table (using Pivot Table Wizard) You will also discuss your results from an archaeological point of view. The work from these practicals forms Assignment 4 (see section 2.4.5, page 9).

3.7.7

Practical 7: Environmental archaeology (Arlene Rosen)

In this session you will be given the worksheet which forms assignment 5 of the course and will be given detailed guidance on how to complete it.

3.7.8

Practical 8: Animal bones (Louise Martin)

A practical hands on session in which you will have the opportunity to observe, describe and compare a variety of animal remains.

3.7.9

Practical 9: Plant remains (Dorian Fuller)

A practical hands on session in which you will have the opportunity to observe, describe and compare a variety of plant remains.

3.7.10

Practical 10: The Field Training Course

This two week course will provide a concentrated period of tuition, demonstrations and practicals. Specic topics to be covered will include: basic surveying techniques; surface archaeology and standing buildings surveys; excavation techniques, context records, plans and section drawings; on-site photography; on-site environmental sampling; nds processing; on-site conservation; and health and safety. In advance of the training course there will be an introductory lecture at the Institute (Lecture 21, page 25). More information about the West Dean Project can be found at http://www.ucl.ac. uk/archaeology/west-dean-project/index.htm.

3.7.11

Practical 11: Archive Archaeology

This short course will introduce you to an archaeological archive, e.g., the LAARC, and show you how it works, and how to exploit the archive for research. Details to be announced later in the year.

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Chapter 4

Additional Information
4.1 Online Resources

This handbook contains basic information about the content and administration of this course. If you have queries about the objectives, structure, content, assessment or organisation of the course, please consult the Course Co-ordinator. The full UCL Institute of Archaeology coursework guidelines are given here: http: //www.ucl.ac.uk/archaeology/administration/students/handbook. This document is also available as a PDF le from the course website on Moodle. Many readings for this course are also available online, see http://ls-tlss.ucl.ac. uk/cgi-bin/displaylist?module=07ARCL1006.

4.2

Libraries and other resources

All the materials for this course should be available in the Institute of Archaeology library. Some of the readings are available online, please check http://ls-tlss.ucl.ac. uk/cgi-bin/displaylist?module=07ARCL1006. Many archaeological units and projects now put interim reports on the Web. A good place to start is either the Archaeological Data Service web site (www.ads.ahds.ac) or the Council for British Archaeology web site (www.britarch.ac.uk).

4.3

Attendance

A register will be taken at each class. If you are unable to attend a class, please notify the lecturer by email. Departments are required to report each students attendance to UCL Registry at frequent intervals throughout each term.

4.4

Intercollegiate and Interdepartmental students

Students enrolled in Departments outside the Institute should collect hard copy of the Institutes coursework guidelines from Judy Medringtons oce.

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4.5

Dyslexia

If you have dyslexia or any other disability, please make your lecturers aware of this. Please discuss with your lecturers whether there is any way in which they can help you. Students with dyslexia are reminded to indicate this on each piece of coursework.

4.6

Feedback

In trying to make this course as eective as possible, we welcome feedback from students during the course of the year. All students are asked to give their views on the course in an anonymous questionnaire which will be circulated at one of the last sessions of the course. These questionnaires are taken seriously and help the Course Co-ordinator to develop the course. The summarised responses are considered by the Institutes Sta-Student Consultative Committee, Teaching Committee, and by the Faculty Teaching Committee. If students are concerned about any aspect of this course we hope they will feel able to talk to the Course Co-ordinator, but if they feel this is not appropriate, they should consult their Personal Tutor, the Academic Administrator (Judy Medrington), or the Chair of Teaching Committee (Dr Mark Lake).

4.7

Health and safety

The Institute has a Health and Safety policy and code of practice which provides guidance on laboratory work, etc. This is revised annually and the new edition will be issued in due course. All work undertaken in the Institute is governed by these guidelines and students have a duty to be aware of them and to adhere to them at all times. This is particularly important in the context of the laboratory and eld work which will be undertaken as part of this course.

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